Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Béton de chanvre'
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Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431/document.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Dinh, The Manh. "Contribution au développement de béton de chanvre préfabriqué utilisant un liant pouzzolanique innovant." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2383/.
Full textThis study is part of a project aiming to develop biosourced material that satisfies sustainable development in the construction area. The object of the study is to develop a new pozzolanic binder and to characterize the hempcrete fabricated from this binder and plant aggregates (hemp shives). Hemp shives are the ligneous particles extracted from hemp stem as a co-product of the process of hemp fiber extraction. The physical properties of the hemp shives, such as particle size distribution, water absorption, bulk density and thermal conductivity are assessed. The formulations of the new pozzolanic binder are based on a mix of hydraulic or slaked lime, flash metakaolin and some admixtures. The mechanical and thermal properties of the hempcrete composite are then tested. The study concludes that the new pozzolanic binder not only presents high mechanical performance from an early age but can also be considered as an eco-material. The hempcrete made of hemp shives and pozzolanic matrix will also have considerable potential as an eco-material with the new properties achieved such as a reduction of water absorption, an improvement of mechanical performance and a good capacity of thermal insulation
Rahim, Mourad. "Analyse et caractérisation du comportement hygrothermique de parois agro-sourcées à l’échelle 1 : expérimentation et modélisation." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0011.
Full textThis thesis aims to enhance the use of bio-based materials such as concretes composed with hemp, flax or straw rapes, whose cultures are quite well developed at regional and national level. Due to their composition, these materials, plant-based aggregates associated with an inorganic matrix, have a high moisture sensitivity while retaining advantageous thermal performance.Their properties are indeed strongly associated with a high porosity, which gives them a great capacity to adsorb and release the water vapor contained in the surrounding atmosphere; this specificity comes interconnect with heat exchange of a wall or building. It is therefore essential to analyze the phenomena of coupled thermal and hygric transfers not only to determine the need for heating or for air exchanges, but also to apprehend occupant comfort and durability of construction.Built on many experimental trials, the main characteristics of the used materials are first specified. Then is specifically analyzed the behavior of a scaled wall, placed under stationary or variable conditions of humidity and / or temperature. Moreover, the properties of the materials provide, after implementation in a simulation model (SPARK) and experimental validation, a predictive approach of the hygrothermal behavior of a wall or a building envelope. Through a simplified model for a single zone room, is highlighted the influence of the hygric inertia of the materials on the relative humidity of the indoor atmosphere
Rahim, Mourad. "Analyse et caractérisation du comportement hygrothermique de parois agro-sourcées à l’échelle 1 : expérimentation et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0011.
Full textThis thesis aims to enhance the use of bio-based materials such as concretes composed with hemp, flax or straw rapes, whose cultures are quite well developed at regional and national level. Due to their composition, these materials, plant-based aggregates associated with an inorganic matrix, have a high moisture sensitivity while retaining advantageous thermal performance.Their properties are indeed strongly associated with a high porosity, which gives them a great capacity to adsorb and release the water vapor contained in the surrounding atmosphere; this specificity comes interconnect with heat exchange of a wall or building. It is therefore essential to analyze the phenomena of coupled thermal and hygric transfers not only to determine the need for heating or for air exchanges, but also to apprehend occupant comfort and durability of construction.Built on many experimental trials, the main characteristics of the used materials are first specified. Then is specifically analyzed the behavior of a scaled wall, placed under stationary or variable conditions of humidity and / or temperature. Moreover, the properties of the materials provide, after implementation in a simulation model (SPARK) and experimental validation, a predictive approach of the hygrothermal behavior of a wall or a building envelope. Through a simplified model for a single zone room, is highlighted the influence of the hygric inertia of the materials on the relative humidity of the indoor atmosphere
Tran, Le Anh Dung. "Etude des transferts hygrothermiques dans le béton de chanvre et leur application au bâtiment." Phd thesis, Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS012.pdf.
Full textWithin the framework of the sustainable development, new thermal regulations concerning thermal insulation in building sector, lead researchers to develop new materials in order to establish energy efficient systems which insure thermal comfort. Vegetal fibre materials are a good choice to respond to this demand and in particular hemp concrete which is more and more used in the construction. The researches done until this day allowed us to determine its physical properties but there are no works about its hygrothermal performance in building envelopes. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to study transient hygrothermal behaviour of hemp concrete in buildings. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the bibliographical studies concerning hemp concrete use and its physical properties. Besides, it is compared to other materials used in construction. After presenting the mathematical models for heat and mass transfer in buildings and their implementation in the simulation environment SPARK suited to non linear complex problems, simulations are used for simple layer walls, multilayered walls and on the whole building level. The second part is concentrated on the hygrothermal behaviour of hemp concrete walls and buildings under static and dynamic conditions. Our results suggest that due to its high moisture buffering capacity, coupling hemp concrete with relative humidity sensitive ventilation can achieve a reduction of 12% in energy consumption when compared to a classical ventilation system. Finally, the last part of this work presents a new 100% vegetal material made of hemp fibres within starch matrix. Its hygrothermal performance in buildings is shown for the climatic conditions of Nancy City
Seng, Billy. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement hygrothermique de blocs préfabriqués en béton de chanvre." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30153.
Full textHemp concrete is a bio-based construction material able to meet current sustainable issues. Used as filling and insulating material, it has the capacity to regulate the indoor relative humidity. Its complex hygrothermal behavior results on interdependent thermal and hydric performances. The prediction of the hygrothermal effect is performed through heat and moisture transfer modeling and simulation. However, the use of representative inputs is necessary. Standard characterization methods have often been developed for usual building material and can show some limitations in the case of bio-based material. The main objective of these works is to determine the hygrothermal properties of a precast hemp concrete produced at industrial scale, have a better understanding of this characterization and describe its hygrothermal behavior through numerical simulations. The studied material is based on pozzolanic binder and hemp aggregates. One part of this work deals with the characterization of the physical, thermal and hydric properties of the studied material and with the measurement methods. For each hygrothermal properties, several methods have been confronted. If possible, the temperature and humidity influences have been appraised. A heat and moisture transfer model is proposed with a scale analysis based on hemp concrete properties from the literature. This model has been applied to wall scale experiments highlighting the impact of sorption and phase change phenomena on the heat transfers. With regards to the thermal properties, the experimental study at material scale highlights the significant impact of the experimental protocol on the result of the measure, particularly for the specific heat capacity. For hydric properties, the studies put forward the interest of performing a parametric round-robin test dedicated to bio-based materials. An air permeability measurement protocol designed for regular concrete has been adapted in order to evaluate the performance of a very permeable material such as the hemp concrete. The numerical model is validated on a test from a standard and a test from the literature. It manages to describe test with usual ambient solicitations performed in the bi-climatic chamber
Ait, Oumeziane Yacine. "Evaluation des performances hygrothermiques d'une paroi par simulation numérique : application aux parois en béton de chanvre." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871004.
Full textCostantine, Georges. "EOPEBEC - Etude et optimisation des performances énergétiques d’une enveloppe en béton de chanvre pour le bâtiment." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS015/document.
Full textIn a context of global warming and planned end of fossil fuels, the construction industry aims to reduce by 38% its energy consumption and to achieve 10% of bio-based materials used in construction in 2020. Thus, the hemp concrete can play a major role thanks to its positive environmental impact and its hygrothermal properties that allow it to ensure a role of heat damper and comfort stabilizer. Or hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete throughout the building is little discussed in the literature and never for commercial buildings. The main objective of this project is to fill this gap by studying and optimizing the energy performance of a hemp concrete building designed for offices and / or classrooms. To ensure inside thermal comfort, different technical solutions will be coupled to the building and compared with each other: - A double flow thermodynamical ventilation combining a heat pump with a double flow central. - A simple flow ventilation associated to a pipe system which recovers heat from the basement to preheat ventilation air in winter and cool in the summer. - A double flow ventilation associated to a Canadian well. Through computer simulation and measurements made initially at the level of components, it will be possible to evaluate the potential of each component on the energy and hygrothermal comfort of commercial buildings mainly integrating the project boundary Grand Campus Reims but also can be extended to other French specificity climates
Fourmentin, Marine. "Impact de la répartition et des transferts d'eau sur les propriétés des matériaux de construction à base de chaux formulées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1100/document.
Full textHemp concrete results from the mix of a vegetal aggregate (hemp shives) and a binder. It provides thermal and acoustic insulation to the wall, as well as a good moisture regulation. However, problems sometimes occur during setting, that seem strongly linked to transfers of water in the concrete in the first hours. NMR allows to quantify water in hemp and in the binder and thus to describe and understand the transfers during setting. We first show that, in the binder consisting of a mixture of hydrated lime and cement, lime accelerates cement hydration. This hydration is inhibited as the amount of hemp in contact with the cement increases. We also show that the absorption of water by hemp shives is takes place during three days, and it occurs in two successive phases corresponding to two areas of hemp that imbibe. The study of transfers in the concrete during the setting shows a rapid water absorption by the hemp initially, followed by a transfer to the binder. The study of a "model" hemp concrete allows us to associate this transfer to the chemical shrinkage of cement during hydration
Chamoin, Julien. "Optimisation des propriétés (physiques, mécaniques et hydriques) de bétons de chanvre par la maîtrise de la formulation." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934732.
Full textNguyen, Tai Thu. "Contribution à l'étude de la formulation et du procédé de fabrication d'éléments de construction en béton de chanvre." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017510.
Full textZerrouki, Redouane. "Contribution à I'étude de la durabilité d'un béton de chanvre : impact du vieillissement accéléré sur les propriétés fonctionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0091.
Full textThis study reports the experimental investigation of a commercial formulated lime binder (Tadical PF70) modification effect on the durability of hemp concrete specimens when subjected to wetting and drying cycles, using multi-scale approach (micro and macro). The influence of partial replacement of Tradical PF70 binder by metakaolin has been studied by testing the physico-mechanical and hgro-thermal properties of specimen for aging conditions of 0, 15, 25, and 50 wetting/drying cycles. Considered as a critical factor which contributes to the specimen deterioration, a separate investigation of the degradation rate of the embedded hemp particles in the binder matrix at aging cycle intervals has been also performed. The analyses included their component changes, microstructure modifications, and variation of crystalline properties, characterized by means thermal (TGA/DTG) and microscopic (SEM/EDX/XRD) analyses. The results have shown that the pozzolanic reaction appears to significantly minimise the degradation of hemp concrete. The corresponding reaction consumes calcium hydroxide to produce hydrated calcium silicates and in turn will lead to the lowest alkalinity of pore solution which is considered as the main responsible for hemp particle hydrolysis. The examination of the relationship between embedded hemp particle deterioration degree and the mechanical properties-loss of hemp concrete has shown the effectiveness of metakaolin to improve the durability of hemp concrete
Daher, Suzanne. "Optimisation de la formulation d'un béton de chanvre : effet des interactions physico-chimiques entre les particules végétales et le liant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0041.
Full textHemp concrete is one of the most popular bio-based building materials in France. It is often used as a filling and / or insulation material, in an eco-construction system. Given its high porosity, this concrete has particularly advantageous thermal and hygric performance. However, the lighter this hemp concrete, the higher its level of thermal insulation, while its mechanical properties decrease. This is why it is necessary to optimize its formulation, in order to obtain the best compromise between its mechanical, hygric and thermal performance, depending on the field of use (carrier and / or insulator). The first optimization approach considered consists in varying the rate of plant aggregates in the composition of the concrete, but also the nature and quantity of binder used. The objective of this thesis is to study the mechanical, thermal and hygric properties of a hemp concrete according to its formulation. In this thesis, we are interested in the feasibility of lightweight building materials based on hemp particles and a lime-based binder, which present good mechanical performances. The main objective is to overcome the migration process of free Ca2+ to the lumen of hemp particles that are responsible for their degradation and which, consequently, induce the loss of mechanical performance of the final composite material. To achieve this, a fraction of the base binder is replaced by metakaolin. First, we studied the influence of different percentages of metakaolin on the carbonation of two lime-based control mortars: NHL5 lime and Tradical PF70 pre-formulated lime. Then, we measured their mechanical resistances in compression and flexion in order to define an optimal formulation. Thus, the finished composite materials are tested for different volume percentages (2v and 3v) of hemp particles. The results of the characterization of the physico-mechanical properties of the specimens are presented and argued. A close relationship between the metakaolin content and the physico-mechanical properties of the hemp concrete has been observed, due to the additional hydration products derived from pozzolanic reaction mechanism. The MEB and EDX analyses have shown the enhancement of hemp particles-binder Interfacial Zone Transition, while the pozzolanic reaction leads to reduce the migration process of free Ca2+ to lumen of vegetable particles thus reducing their mineralization. Then, we compared the hygro-thermal performances of hemp concretes formulated with respectively 2 volumes and 3 volumes of plant particles for one volume of binder, without or with 20% metakaolin, the optimal percentage defined previously. This study is particularly useful to establish the adequate proportions of admixtures to be used in concretes intended for renovation works or new constructions. Generally speaking, and depending on the formulation, we obtain a material that is a good or even excellent regulator of ambient humidity, with interesting thermal performances for the insulation of buildings. This characterization work completes the many works already carried out on biobased concrete with different types of plants, and should make it possible to feed the databases essential for the simulation of the behavior of a wall or of the envelope of a building under different climates and guarantee the comfort of the occupants
Niyigena, César. "Variabilité des performances de bétons de chanvre en fonction des caractéristiques de la chènevotte produite en Auvergne." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22700/document.
Full textThe origins of the variability of hemp concrete material properties are numerous. They include among others those related to the properties of its constituents and material itself as well as the methods used for their characterizations. This thesis is interested in the study of the variability of hemp concrete properties taking into account these different parameters and in particular the type of hemp particles used. The litterature review corried out allowed to present the hemp concrete material, the properties of its constituents, their methods of characterization and also the extend of properties variability and sensitivity due to various parameters. Furthermore, it allowed to identify the parameters to be considered in the context of this thesis. Therefore, this thesis is devided into four chapters in addition to the literature review. In the second chapter, a multi-criteria study on the properties of hemp particles is presented. After an experimental study of characterization for 13 types of hemp particles, a two level analysis of result is performed. It takes into account the density, water absorption capacity and particle size distributions. First, the results of the single characteristic study are presented; it is about a comparison of a given characterstic for all hemp particles at the same time. Secondly, the results of the multi-criteria study are presented. In this last case, the analysis is corried out by taking into account all hemp particles and characteristics, both at the same time. The outcome of this study allowed to classify hemp particles into three groups from which, low, medium and high mechanical peformances are expected, respectively. Chapter 3 is a preliminary study taking into account various parameters as sources of variability for hemp concrete properties, such as the testing laboratory (equipments), the batch, the specimen size and hemp particles type. The obtained results highlight the need for further investigations about the impact of hemp particles type. Moreover, the considerable dispersion in the results of Young’s modulus is likely associated with its calculation method. It then becomes important to deepen the study of its impact on the values of Young’s modulus obtained. The chapter 4 aims to answer the problem found on the method for calculating the Young’s modulus. Various methods from literature are used to analyse the stress-strain curves from samples manufactured under the same conditions. The variability observed in results with respect to used method allowed to highlight their impact and to provide the floating method as the most pertinent since it presents less variability. In addition, a model to describe the mechanical behavior law of hemp concrete is proposed. It allows to determine the enveloppe curve which corresponds to experimental curve from the monotonic loading. It can also allow to reproduce the experimental curve from a cyclic loading. In the last chapter, based on the results of chapter 2, nine types of hemp particles were selected for the preparation and manufacturing of specimens of the study. Under the same conditions (manufacturing and test), it has been demonstrated experimentally the impact of hemp particles on mechanical properties with a factor 10 between low and high values from obtained results. The mechanical response characterized by low (<5%), medium (>5% and <8%) and high (> 8% and <20%) level of deformation have been highlighted. These variabilities remain, however less marked for thermal conductivity and density of hemp concrete material. This study highlights the interest of a comprehensive study on the interaction binder/hemp particles for a better understanding of the impact of hemp particles on hemp concrete
Othmen, Inès. "Étude des matériaux d'isolation compatibles avec la pierre de tuffeau : application à la réhabilitation du bâti ancien et/ou historique." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=6bd6c8b6-5b05-4f8d-ae3d-8da67f673df9.
Full textIn France, the building sector is a major challenge because alone is responsible for about half of the final energy consumption and nearly a quarter of national greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the regulations concerning the energy efficiency of buildings lead professionals to wonder about the issue of the insulation of buildings said “old”, built before 1948, in particular, those of Loire Valley made with tuffeau. However, there are no proven technology answers for the rehabilitation of buildings in limestone. In this context, we preferred use innovative technical solutions using hemp by wet and dry applications. Indeed, recent research has highlighted the interesting hygrothermal performance of this eco-material, in addition to its respect for the environment and sustainable development approach. In this phD work, three objectives are well pointed out. The first focused on a parametric study of limestone and concrete hemp to create a database of properties necessary for the evaluation of the insulation technique and numerical modeling of coupled heat and moisture transfer in the walls. The second objective was to test the insulated walls under real relative humidity and temperature conditions imposed within a biclimatic device. Finally, the third objective was to verify the experimental results with the numerical results obtained through two-dimensional software in porous media (heat / moisture - WUFI)
Ngo, Duc chinh. "Développement d’un nouveau éco-béton à base de sol et fibres végétales : étude du comportement mécanique et de durabilité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0885/document.
Full textThe ecological design of structures and the sustainable development is nowadays of high importance in the construction industry. Thus, alternative building materials such as soil concrete containing a proportion of various ecological components are of high importance nowadays. The aim of producing ecological concrete is to reduce the consumption of cement and thus the CO2 production, to provide alternatives to the impoverishment of resources and to reduce the energy consumption in the production process.In recent years, many changes have been observed in the construction methods with the aim to replace traditional concrete by alternative construction materials such as concrete containing a high proportion of various ecological component called "green" while maintaining acceptable properties for the desired application. For instance, constructions made of cost effective raw soils are of real interest since the thermal and acoustic properties are more important than that of ordinary concrete. However, more researchs are needed in order to have a better understanding of their mechanical properties and their durability.This study aims to optimize the composition of a new ecological concrete constituted of upgraded excavated soil. Several soil concrete mixtures, composed of different proportions of clayey soil, sandy soil and small quantities of cement, lime and hemp fibers have been tested. The mineralogy and chemical composition of clayey soil was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) coupled with the X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). The casting of the concrete mixtures has been realized by vibration, as ordinary concrete, to obtain the required workability on construction sites.Compressive tests have been carried out on samples at different curing time and conditions. The ultrasonic non-destructive technique has been used for monitoring the hardening of soil concrete in function of the curing conditions. As soil concrete presents important volumetric change that can cause the infiltration of water and impact their durability, an experimental investigation on autogenous and drying shrinkage is reported. Water porosity and water absorption tests have been also carried out to evaluate the transfer property of the porous material. The carbonation of this concrete was also evaluated. The durability of the soil concrete was examined by following the deferred deformations and more particularly the endogenous shrinkage and desiccation as well as the flexural creep
Delannoy, Guillaume. "Durabilité d'isolants à base de granulats végétaux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1039/document.
Full textThe use of insulating materials based on plant aggregates is growing quickly, especially for the rehabilitation of old buildings, thus improving the comfort of residents. These materials have significant thermal, hydric and acoustic properties. However, their development is still limited by the lack of information on the evolution of their long-term performances. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the evolution of the functional properties of hemp concretes, by identifying the aging mechanisms when the material is exposed to different types of environments. For this aim, two hemp concretes formulated with one type of hemp and two binders with different chemical nature are retained. The approach of this study is multidisciplinary (chemical, physico-chemical, microbiological, microstructural, acoustic, thermal and mechanical) and multi-scale. The study of chemical and microstructural properties allows the understanding of the variations of functional properties. Firstly, the initial characterization of the both hemp concretes made it possible to demonstrate the absence of impact of the nature of the binder on the functional properties of the insulators, which can be partly explained by their similar microstructure. A weak mechanical resistance of the materials was also highlighted, related to the inhibition of the setting of the binders because of their interactions with the molecules extracted from the shiv. Secondly, hemp concretes and bulk shiv hemp are subjected to an accelerated aging by imposing cycles of humidification / drying during two years. The modifications of the material performances at different time scales are compared to reference samples stored at 50% of relative humidity and a constant controlled temperature. Under reference conditions, no variation in properties is observed. For accelerated aging, the variations of properties highlighted are induced by several parameters. In the case of bulk shiv, the action of microorganisms and the adsorption of water lead to a loss of mass and to the opening of porosities, leading to variations in acoustic properties. For hemp concretes, no fungal development is observed on the surface of the material. On the other hand, the action of microorganisms is clearly visible inside the plant aggregates, and additional mechanisms are identified: the hydration and carbonation reactions within the binder as well as the mineralization of the vegetal particles cause variations in thermal, acoustic and hydric properties by modifying the microstructure of hemp concretes.In conclusion, the absence of variations in the properties of hemp concretes in the reference conditions suggests that in a real building, their properties can be stable over time, the observed pathologies then being due to a faulty implementation. To go further, the results obtained during this work have to be validated by an in-situ study to be able to estimate the lifetime of these materials
Nozahic, Vincent. "Vers une nouvelle démarche de conception des bétons de végétaux lignocellulosiques basée sur la compréhension et l'amélioration de l'interface liant / végétal : application à des granulats de chenevotte et de tige de tournesol associés à un liant ponce / chaux." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809816.
Full textOmeme, Ada Arielle Mélissa. "Optimisation des performances hygrothermiques des matériaux biosourcés pour application dans le bâtiment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0074.
Full textThe environmental concern has given rise to various reflections in order to meet two essential requirements: reduce energy consumption and impact on the external environment, and ensure the quality and comfort of buildings. It is obvious that the solutions used today are not universal and their effectiveness depends on many factors such as the surrounding climate, the type of use, etc. The choice of materials used and the understanding of the basic physical phenomena related to the climate are essential factors for the success of the design of a building with high environmental and energy qualities. The use of bio-based materials in construction (agricultural co-products) is a rapidly developing approach worldwide that aims to limit the use of fossil fuels and reduce the energy bill. Among the new materials, those developed based on agro-resources have been the subject for several years of renewed interest and resumption of studies, highlighting their ability to regulate ambient hygric variations. However, the literature review shows that these materials have a low thermal inertia that could be improved by using the phase change material (PCM) that can absorb and release heat energy when phase change occurs depending on the imposed temperature conditions. The aim of the thesis is to study the hygrothermal performance of hemp concrete and hemp coating incorporating phase change materials for application in the building
Lelièvre, Dylan. "Simulation numérique des transferts de chaleur et d’humidité dans une paroi multicouche de bâtiment en matériaux biosourcés." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS359/document.
Full textIn a context of energy efficiency and durability in the field of building, the understanding of hygrothermal behaviour of building materials, especially hygroscopic ones, is essential. This study aim to understand and model heat and moisture transfers in a multi-layer building wall made of biosourced materials. We focus in particular on hysteretic phenomena observed on sorption isotherms. A one-dimensional numerical model developed with the COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to simulate transient temperature and vapour pressure in three situations. The first one is about the hygrothermal behaviour of materials, highly hygroscopic (hemp concrete) and lowly hygroscopic (lime-based plasters), exposed to several cyclical variations of relative humidity. A good agreement is observed between simulated and measured values of relative humidity, temperature and moisture content. However, results are highly sensitive to hydric properties. Then, a study is performed on an instrumented hemp-concrete wall built in a bi-climatic chamber and exposed to simultaneous temperature and relative humidity variations. The confrontation between measured and simulated values shows the importance of initial moisture content
Andrianandraina. "Approche d'éco-conception basée sur la combinaison de l'analyse de cycle de vie et de l'analyse de sensibilité : Cas d'application sur le cycle de vie du matériau d'isolation thermique biosourcé, le béton de chanvre." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDN0005.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to establish an ecodesign method based on Life Cycle Assessment, that should allow identifying action levers specific for each economic actor of the life cycle of a product, for improved environmental performances. Life Cycle Assessment was coupled with two methods of sensitivity analysis in five steps: (i) definition of objectives and system, (ii) modeling calculation of inventory and impact indicators with different approaches according to foreground and background sub-systems, (iii) characterization of parameters using a typology specific to possibilities of control of the considered economic actor, (iv) application of two sensitivity analysis methods (Morris and Sobol) and (v) results interpretation in order to identify potential efficient improvements. The approach was applied on the hemp concrete insulation product, including agricultural production, industrial transformation of hemp fibers, and use of hemp concrete as a thermal insulator for buildings. The approach provides potential technological scenarios improving environmental performances for each single economic actor of the product’s life cycle. Performing the method presently requires additional information, but will probably be paid back in the future by driving more robust choices for a given product
Wadi, Husam. "Structural behaviour of lateral load-carrying capacity of timber frame walls filled with hemp concrete : experimental study and numerical analysis." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC038/document.
Full textConstruction projects nowadays face significant challenges to reduce the large amounts of daily energy usage for utilities such as heating, electricity and hot water in residential and commercial buildings – especially in Europe. Many building regulations encourage the use of bio-based materials with superior physical properties for energy efficiency in the construction sector. The use of low-carbon material in structures such as hemp concrete, improves the insulation level and sound absorption and simultaneously decreases the weight of the building structure, as this natural material provides low-density aggregate. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical behaviour of timber frame walls against lateral loads. Cross-laminated timber walls (CLT) and Oriented Strand Board (OSB) were used in this study in order to examine the global lateral strength of timber walls. A theoretical approach has been proposed to predict the lateral performance of CLT wall against lateral loads and a comparison between the theoretical and experimental results has been conducted. Experimental testing was undertaken on a full-size example of two different designs of timber walls to investigate and highlight the parameters that significantly affect the lateral resistance of hemp concrete as infill material. Vertical studs and diagonal bracing elements under compression were used in this study, with dimensions of 2.5m height and 1.25m length. The results showed that hemp concrete makes a slight contribution against lateral loads in vertical stud timber wall of length 1.25m, which means that decreasing the length of timber wall significantly decreased the hemp concrete contribution against lateral loads. Three timber walls with different lengths (1.2m, 1.6m and 2.4m) filled with hemp concrete have been examined numerically in this study. Based on the numerical results, it was obvious that the length of the timber wall plays a major role in the lateral strength of hemp concrete, as increasing the wall length significantly increased the lateral strength of hemp concrete. Also, the contact and bonding between hemp material and timber studs significantly affected the lateral load carrying capacity of hemp concrete as infill material in timber frame walls
Glé, Philippe. "Acoustique des Matériaux du Bâtiment à base de Fibres et Particules Végétales - Outils de Caractérisation, Modélisation et Optimisation." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923665.
Full textBennai, Fares. "Étude des mécanismes de transferts couplés de chaleur et d’humidité dans les matériaux poreux de construction en régime insaturé." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS013/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to understand the influence of the geometric parameters of envelope eco-materials, such as hemp concrete, on the mechanisms of coupled heat, air and moisture transfers, in order to predict behavior of the building to control and improving it in its durability. For this a multi-scale approach is implemented. It consists of mastering the dominant physical phenomena and their interactions on the microscopic scale. Followed by a dual-scale modeling, microscopic-macroscopic, of coupled heat, air and moisture transfers that takes into account the intrinsic properties and microstructural topology of the material using X-ray tomography combined with the correlation of 2D and 3D images. A characterization campaign of physical and hydrothermal properties of the hemp concrete manufactured in the laboratory was carried. It focused on studying the impact of aging, thermal and hydric state of the material on these intrinsic properties. The results show an excellent thermal insulation and natural moisture regulation capacity of hemp concrete. Then, a microscopic characterization by different imaging techniques was performed. The 3D reconstructions of the real material scanned with X-ray tomography at different resolutions show that hemp concrete has several scales of porosity, ranging from micro-porosity within the binder and hemp shiv to the inter-particle macro-porosity. The hydromorphic behavior under hydric solicitations was studied. The results of the 2D digital image correlation and X-ray tomography coupled with the volumetric image correlation show the nature of the behavior of hemp concrete subjected to different relative humidities. In fact, the hemp shiv undergoes greater deformations than the binder, thus causing changes in the microstructure of the material. On the modeling part, a model of coupled heat, air and moisture transfer in porous building materials was developed using the periodic homogenization technique. The homogenized tensors of diffusion and thermal conductivity were determined numerically. Then, a confrontation between the results of the calculation of the macroscopic diffusion coefficients and the experimental results obtained at the LaSIE was carried out. It highlights the quality of the prediction. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the solid phase was thus deduced. The results obtained in the framework of this PhD thesis have highlighted the influence of the hydric and thermal state of the hemp concrete on these intrinsic properties and its very heterogeneous microstructure. They also revealed the limitations of phenomenological approaches based on the establishment of the balances of mass, amount of motion and energy
Benkhaled, Maroua. "Modélisation théorique et expérimentale du comportement énergétique et environnemental des matériaux de construction biosourcés." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC053.
Full textFacing the energy problems of the building and the environmental impact, hygroscopic envelopes constitute a very interesting alternative to improve the thermal comfort, the quality of the indoor air, the regulation of the indoor humidity and to reduce the energy consumption. This thesis work aims to study the coupled heat and mass transfers within porous materials such as hemp concrete. The aim is to predict the hygrothermal behaviour of these materials, through a macroscopic model, based on transfer motors; temperature for heat transfer, water vapour pressure for moisture transfer and pressure for air transfer. The difficulty of using this model lies in the identification of the numerous parameters characterizing the hygrothermal properties of the materials. Part of the work has been devoted to the evaluation of the main intrinsic properties of the materials through the elaboration of different experimental prototypes in the laboratory within the framework of an investigation recommended by the RILEM TC-275 HDB committee. Moreover, the variability of the parameters resulting from this last campaign as well as the lack of knowledge of the remaining parameters lead us to a sensitivity analysis of the parameters. This study allowed to identify the most influential parameters on the hygrothermal response of a hemp concrete wall. On this basis, a scale model was deduced according to these last parameters (thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, vapour permeability and storage capacity). This work was implemented using discretization by the finite element method implemented in a Matlab code. Subsequently, an adimensional study was undertaken, which identified the most important parameters in the prediction of the hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete wall. The parameters remaining from this sensitivity study are a determining factor in the distinction between materials that are both thermal insulators and water vapour permeable (water regulators). Finally, a comparison of the results of the reduced model with those of the literature is presented. This comparison highlighted the influence of the sorption isotherm on the hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete wall
Aljewifi, Hana. "Etude du comportement mécanique à l’arrachement de fils multi-filamentaires enrobés dans une matrice cimentaire et influence de l’imprégnation." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0551/document.
Full textThis research deals with multi-filaments glass yarns used as reinforcement of cement based materials. It focuses on the mechanical interactions of these yarns, made of thousands of micrometric filaments, with a micro-concrete and on the specific part of the impregnation of the yarn by the cementitious matrix. Modulated impregnation conditions of the yarns were obtained by using three different manufacturing processes for the samples preparation. The impregnation of 5 multi-filament yarns by the cementitious matrix has been characterized and physical parameters of impregnation were determined using SEM investigations, mercury intrusion porosity measurements and specific tests of flow all along the embedded yarn. Classical pull-out tests have been used for the mechanical characterisation. The study of the links between the mechanical properties and the physical parameters of impregnation allowed accessing a better understanding of the filaments / cementitious matrix interaction micro-mechanisms, and explaining the macroscopic pull-out behaviour
Honoré, Mathilde. "Mise au point de nouveaux bio-composites verts innovants à base de roseau commun Phragmites australis : applications en plasturgie et en éco-construction pour le bâtiment." Thesis, Lorient, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORIS572.
Full textThe use of plant fibres, both in the field of plastics processing and in the building industry, makes it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and therefore the environmental impact of mankind. Interest in biocomposites using plant fibres such as hemp, wood, flax and also miscanthus reed is increasing. Nowadays, there is very little work on the reed phragmites australis. However, as it does not use cultivated areas, this invasive plant is independent of agricultural issues and does not require any chemical inputs. The reed harvest is therefore part of a wetlands management approach while enhancing the value of a material with multiple properties. This work is devoted to the characterisation of the raw material phragmites australis and to the study of its eligibility as a substitute material of three reference materials, wood, miscanthus and hemp shiv, widely used as reinforcements in plastics processing and eco-construction. Composite formulations using two polymer matrices (polypropylene and polybutylene succinate) with different rates of plant fillers and coupling agent were characterised from the point of view of their mechanical properties by Charpy tensile, flexural and impact tests. The water ageing of these composites was also studied and correlated to the hydrophobic character of the reed. For the construction application, formulations based on reeds of different origins and using different binders (lime, plaster and earth) were tested in compression and with thermal conductivity measurements in order to evaluate the behaviour of the reed as a material for building use
Asli, Mounir. "Etude des transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse dans les matériaux bio-sourcés : approches numérique et expérimentale." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0210/document.
Full textThe work developed in this thesis aims to study the hygrothermal behavior of bio-sourced insulating materials, and more particularly wood fibers, hemp concrete, linen wool, sheep wool, material made of textile recycling (metisse®) and flax shives. These materials, which are essentially natural, have specific characteristics linked to their origin (animal or vegetable) and their structure (fibers, straw, solid matrix, etc.). Their very high porosity makes them reactive to the relative humidity variations, which can affect their thermal performances and their durability (as for all materials), but also give them a regulation capacities. In order to improve the knowledge of these particular materials, first, we propose to study the impact caused by moisture on their thermal characteristics, mainly thermal conductivity and specific heat. Then the hygrothermal characteristics are studied, which makes it possible to better understand the phenomena depending on the capacities of adsorption, desorption, permeability or water vapor resistance. Also, we realize the importance of the temperature gradient impact on the evolution of the hygroscopic transfers within the materials. By placing the studied bio-sourced insulation materials under random loading or under real conditions, it will be possible to follow their hygrothermal behavior from an experimental point of view. The numerical approach makes it possible to identify the preponderant influence parameters, in the context of the prediction of coupled heat and mass transfers by simulation under particular conditions of use, such as the renovation of an existing habitat. On the basis of in situ measurements, it can be seen that these materials have a high adaptability to environments whose relative humidity is evolutionary
Chabannes, Morgan. "Formulation et étude des propriétés mécaniques d'agrobétons légers isolants à base de balles de riz et de chènevotte pour l'éco-construction." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS008/document.
Full textThe improvement of building energy efficiency and the reduction of CO2 emissions from the construction industry have become a major issue over the last years. We need to cut the energy consumption linked to heating and cooling of buildings during their operating period but also to choose materials with low carbon footprint using renewable and local resources.Hemp concretes are more and more used in green construction. These bio-based building materials consist of hemp-derived aggregates mixed with mineral binders and water. These concretes have attractive insulating properties and present some effectiveness in buffering variations of temperature and humidity in buildings. Considered as a multifunctional material, hemp concrete can offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional building envelopes but have the disadvantage of being very low strength. Unlike cellular concrete or clay bricks, hemp concretes cannot be used as load-bearing materials but for infilling walls with a wood timber frame. The aim of this thesis work is, on the one hand, to diversify plant aggregates used for the manufacturing of bio-based concretes by developing an innovative material based on local rice husk from the Camargue area and on the other hand to investigate some processes in order to increase mechanical strength of these materials after the first months of curing. The first objective of this work was to characterize rice husks prior to incorporating them in a lime-based mix. Intrinsic features of rice husks led to the manufacturing of a new bio-based concrete designed with a lower water content and a higher apparent density than hemp concrete (by remaining below 800 kg.m-3). Thermal conductivity of rice husk concrete was comparable to that of hemp concrete for a given « binder on aggregates (B/A) » mass ratio. Nevertheless, mechanical performances in compression have proved lower for the rice husk concrete after one month of hardening at 20°C and 50%RH. The second line of the work dealt with the evolution of mechanical properties and binder hardening over time. Specimens were cured during 10 months either at 20°C and 50%RH or exposed outdoors. Hemp concrete exhibited a higher compressive strength gain over time than that achieved for rice husk concrete despite a same hardening kinetics. This curing under natural carbonation was compared to an accelerated one (CO2 curing). Accelerated carbonation provided the opportunity to obtain the same compressive after 2 months than that reached after the outdoor exposure during 10 months. Considering that compressive strength of rice husk concrete is restricted by the bonding strength between the binder and the aggregates, this work also focused on the effect of a lime-water treatment of plant aggregates. This latter was not efficient for hemp concrete but increased compressive strength of rice husk concrete. Finally, the effect of a moist curing (95%RH) and elevated temperature (50°C) on binder hardening and strength development of bio-based concretes was investigated. This aspect was also studied on lime-based mortars. The results showed that this type of curing led to a strong increase of mechanical strength for the binder after 28 days due to kinetic effects on hydration reactions. Nevertheless, these curing conditions were detrimental to the transition zone between the binder and the plant aggregates and consequently counterproductive for the mechanical performances of bio-based concretes
Mom, Sophanarith. "Modèle d'homogénéisation itérative numérique pour des milieux non linéaires morphologiquement riches : application aux comportements de bétons de chanvre." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066558.
Full textA multi-scale modelling technique is here improved with the aim of predicting the behaviour of hemp and lime concretes (HLC). The approach under consideration allows to take into account in a direct manner the microstructural richness of HLC by means of an iterative homogenisation scheme. HLC are indeed higly-filled materials with bar shaped particles and high porosity rates. The local problem of each homogenisation step is numerically solved through finite elements simulations providing thus an estimate of local fields and their fluctuations. The anisotropic behaviour of the material is also directly taken into account in a 3D context within reasonable CPU time. The nonlinear behaviour of one phase with respect to compaction is also accounted for. As an illustration the method is here put into practice to model the anisotropic behaviour of HLC. In order to validate the results thus obtained, the latter are eventually compared to external experimental data
Kodjo, Jérôme. "Modélisation multi échelle du comportement thermomécanique des bétons incluant des matériaux à changement de phase micro encapsulés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2010/document.
Full textA promising way to enhance thermal inertia of buildings is the use of phase change materials (PCMs). Thanks to their high latent heat, PCMs can be used to store a significant amount of thermal energy in order to reduce energy consumption related to air conditioning. However, their use leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the obtained composites. During the last decades, the incorporation of PCMs in concrete has been of great interest leading to many experimental works. However, theoretical and numerical models to predict the behavior of such complex materials are not developed so far, due to the complexity of the phase change behavior, the scale separation and issues associated to the damage which is mainly induced by microcracking at the scale of microstructural heterogeneities. The objective of this thesis is precisely to develop numerical modeling tools to predict the effective thermomechanical behavior of the material with aim of structural calculations. For this purpose, numerical tools based on microstructures at the scale of microencapsulated PCM are developed to simulate heat transfer, mechanical response, cracks propagation as well as leakage of liquid PCM through cracks. After studying the effects of phase changes in the PCM on the effective mechanical response of the composites, a multi-scale approach (FE² method) is proposed to carry out structural calculations taking into account phenomena at micro scale. Thermo-physical experimental characterizations are carried out to show the usefulness of PCMs in building materials and to make comparisons with the developed homogenization tools. Finally, we propose a study to understand and evaluate the effects of PCMs in the degradation of the mechanical properties of these new materials
Yang, Mingguan. "Analyse de la stabilité au feu des murs en béton armé par l'approche calcul à la rupture." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1169/document.
Full textHigh rise reinforced concrete walls under fire exhibit important out-of-plane displacements, which in turn lead to an eccentricity of the self-weight with respect to the initial undeformed configuration, resulting in supplementary bending moments. This geometrical change, combined with the degradation of the stiffness and strength properties of reinforced concrete due to severe temperature increase, may lead to the failure of walls under fire.Investigation on fire resistance of reinforced concrete walls will be based on the yield design approach in order to analyze the global stability of high rise walls, taking into account the geometry changes induced by the thermal loading.The program consists of two parts.Firstly, a 9-meter high reinforced concrete wall has already been tested under fire with the equipment Vulcan. This full size experiment aims at validating the modeling of plates under large out-of-plan displacement and identifying potential local phenomenon which has not been considered in the model.Secondly, a yield design approach will carried out to analyze the stability of reinforced concrete walls. By using the perturbation method, a recursive analytical procedure based on a kinematic approach is proposed to find the deformed configuration of reinforced concrete walls under fire. The deformed configuration will be later modeled as a shallow shell, on which a yield design procedure will be performed by a non-linear optimization