Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Béton – Essais – Propriétés mécaniques'
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Broda, Mickaël. "Détermination de l'énergie d'activation des bétons par voie calorimétrique et mécanique : développement d'un calorimètre isotherme pour béton." Artois, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ARTO0201.
Full textThe mechanical properties of concrete evolve in the course of time. This is the consequence of the chemical reactions which proceed during the hydration of the binder. As this one is overall exothermic, the follow-up of the quantity of released heat makes it possible to account for the kinetics of reaction. The devices adapted to concrete being very few, we developed our own isothermal calorimeter accepting 11x22 cm standardized cylindrical samples. After the calibration and the validation of the device, we passed to the second phase of our work which consisted in studying the reaction kinetics and parameters influencing the hydration. We thus studied five compositions of concretes and three compositions of Equivalent Concrete Mortars. The last phase of our work relates to the introduction of calorimetric measurements into maturity measurement studies. Indeed, the economic stakes related to the in situ forecast of young concrete strength are important. The maturity measurement is one of the techniques allowing to estimate this size. It is based on the concepts of "maturity" and "equivalent age", and on the Arrhenius' law which introduces the apparent activation energy parameter. It can be determined by the method of "superposition" from the curves of compressive strength obtained for various temperatures. However, this mode of determination is tiresome. For compositions of concrete and MBE, representative of those concerned with maturity measurement studies, we have compared the calorimetric and mechanical approaches of determination of Ea, and have shown that the calorimetric way can advantageously replace the mechanical way for the determination of this parameter
Brara, Ahmed. "Étude expérimentale de la traction dynamique du béton par écaillage." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Brara.Ahmed.SMZ9928.pdf.
Full textPerez, Jean-Philippe. "Etude de l'hydratation des phases constitutives d'un ciment Portland et de la résistance mécanique des pâtes pures et mortiers : influence des trialcanolamines." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS012.
Full textBidjocka, Cappel. "AConception de bétons légers isolants porteurs : Application aux pouzzolanes naturelles du Cameroun." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0042.
Full textThis study concerns building materials engineering and Cameroon's natural resources. The use of pozzolans allows to elaborate light concretes both thermal insulating and strong. The study of this new material, about a few point of view (chemical, mineralogical, physical, reactivity with lime, potential reactivity with alkalis) shows that, depending) on whether the deposits, some aggregates are better to be used as an admixture for cement after a mechanical treatment and another ones as ordinary aggregates in elaboration of concrete. The aggregates of natural pozzolans are porous, so the classical theory of concrete composition can't be used. A method based on vacuum factor with a triangular diagram of mixture fillers, sand, aggregates, allows to optimize the formulation in getting building material according to the three set tests, lightness, mechanical strength and thermal insulation
Ayed, Abderrahmen. "Méthode d'étude mécanique et physico-chimique de l'interface acier béton." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30329.
Full textSoucy, Jean-François. "Propriétés mécaniques et comportement des éléments fléchis ayant subi des réparations structurales en béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29838/29838.pdf.
Full textA two-phase research program has been undertaken. In the first phase, computer simulations using a finite-element analysis (FEM) software have been performed to highlight the most sensitive. In the second phase, a series of 12 real-size reinforced concrete beams (3,4 m long) has been cast, air-conditioned and repaired at midspan to different extents, using two formulations of repair self-compacting concrete (high-stiffness and low-stiffness SCC’s), 10 of the 12 beams are repaired beam. The last 2 beams are monolithic beams and used as references. After the installation of the instrumentation, the beams are tested on a 4-point bending setup using two servo-hydraulic actuators, for the measurement of the instantaneous and long-term load deformation. The analysis that follows illustrates the correlation between laboratory results and numerical simulations. The main findings of the study show that using a repair material with a higher stiffness than that of the substrate results in a behavior similar to the monolithic beam. However the use of a material with a lower stiffness tends to negatively affect the behavior of the repaired beam. This trend is more pronounced when considering a sustained load, because the materials with lower stiffness tend to deform more than the rigid materials, it follows that the creep at the young age of the material also affects the behavior of the repaired beams, and that the use of a more rigid material allows the repaired beam to behave like a monolithic beam. Keywords: Beam, concrete, compression, creep, FEM, mechanical repair, structural capacity
Hamouine, Abdelmadjid. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adhérence acier-béton de hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0009.
Full textShink, Mélanie. "Compatibilité élastique, comportement mécanique et optimisation des bétons de granulats légers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20771/20771.pdf.
Full textSicard, Vincent. "Origines et propriétés des formations de retrait et de fluage de bétons à hautes performances à partir de 28 heures de durcissement." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0019.
Full textGaweska, Izabela. "Comportement à haute température des bétons à haute performance évolution des principales propriétés mécaniques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001147.
Full textMindeguia, Jean-Christophe. "Contribution expérimentale à la compréhension des risques d'instabilité thermique des bétons." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00418218.
Full textCes dernières années, des études majoritairement théoriques ont tenté d'examiner les causes possibles à l'instabilité thermique des bétons. En particulier, de nombreuses discussions autour de l'importance relative des mécanismes thermomécaniques et thermo-hydriques ont été menées. Cependant, nous ne connaissons toujours pas aujourd'hui les conditions exactes d'apparition de l'instabilité thermique et les solutions technologiques qui existent (fibres de polypropylène, protection thermique rapportée) ne sont pas bien maîtrisées.
Les résultats que nous présentons s'inscrivent dans une étude globale des risques d'instabilité thermique des bétons. Plusieurs échelles d'observation du comportement à haute température d'un béton ordinaire (résistance à la compression de 40 MPa) et d'un béton à hautes performances (résistance à la compression de 60 MPa) ont été adoptées. A l'échelle du matériau, la détermination de l'évolution avec la température de données telles que la perméabilité, la porosité, les propriétés thermiques et les propriétés mécaniques nous permettent de mieux comprendre le comportement du béton à haute température. Ces essais sont complétés par des mesures de pression et de température sur des éprouvettes à taille réduite. Enfin, des essais au feu sur dallettes (feu ISO et feu HCM) ont été réalisés afin de caractériser l'instabilité thermique des bétons.
La confrontation des résultats des essais à différentes échelles nous permet de discuter des paramètres qui semblent être les plus propices à l'instabilité thermique et proposons de nouvelles pistes d'investigation.
Khanfour, Mohamed Akram. "Étude de l'influence des cycles de gel/dégel sur le comportement mécanique des poutres en béton armé de PRFB." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30817/30817.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this project is to study the effect of freeze-and-thaw cycles on the mechanical performance of concrete beams reinforced with basalt fibre-reinforced polymers (BFRP) bars that are recently developed. Twenty concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars were cast and exposed to two different environments: (a) room temperature and (b) 260 cycles of freeze-and-thaw at temperature varying between 25oC and +15oC. The project investigated two other parameters namely (a) the internal reinforcement ratio (under and over reinforced beams) and the shear span-to-depth ratio (a / d). All beams were tested in four point bending. The experimental results were compared to the predictions of the Canadian code. The effect of each parameter on the behaviour of the beams is presented and discussed.
Liang, Yue. "Comportement du béton sous sollicitations multiaxiales en fonction de la saturation et de la température." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10198/document.
Full textStudies of this paper are focused on the experimental characterization of concrete durability for Andra (National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management), and notably in order to study the feasibility of radioactive waste storage in deep geological rocks. In that context, the concretes are subjected to coupled mechanisms: stress variation due to cavity excavation, change of water saturation degree due to ventilation and gas pressure, variation of temperature due to exothermic waste… Therefore, it is necessary to acquire new experimental data for an adequate characterization of short and long-term thermo-hydro-mechanical couplings. Researches are carried out on Andra reference concretes made from cement CEM I and CEM V/A. In the short term, various tests highlight the evolution of multiaxial mechanical behaviour of concrete as a function of saturation and temperature. In a long-term view, creep tests (uniaxial and multiaxial) are performed to study the delayed effects of mechanical behaviour under temperature or during drying by small controlled steps in relative humidity
Arnaud, Laurent. "Pâte crue de béton cellulaire, approches théorique et expérimentale : l'homogénéisation, le vibroscope." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0291.
Full textPerraton, Daniel. "La perméabilité aux gaz des bétons hydrauliques." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0044.
Full textLumbroso, Valéria. "Réponses différées des bétons de hautes performances sous chargement stationnaire : influence des conditions d'ambiance et de la composition." Toulouse, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAT0006.
Full textSiad, Hocine. "Influence du type d'addition minérale sur le comportement physico-mécanique et sur la durabilité des bétons autoplaçants." Rennes, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAR0020.
Full textBecause of the specificities of self-compacting concrete (SCC), especially regarding their high volume paste content and the presence of large amounts of mineral admixtures, the behavior in fresh and hardened state and the durability of these concretes are strongly influenced by these two parameters. This research aims to contribute to the valorization of the natural pozzolan of Beni Saf (Algeria) as a mineral admixture on the composition of an economic self-compacting concrete. The influence of the nature of different mineral admixtures (natural pozzolan, fly ash and limestone filler) on the physical, mechanical behavior and durability of these concretes in the short-term (28 days), medium-term (90 days) and long-term (360 days) were investigated. In total, twelve formulations were studied, thus covering three various strength classes (30 MPa, 50 MPa, and 70 MPa), as well as four types of concrete: ordinary vibrated concrete (OVC), SCC with limestone filler addition (SCC LF), SCC with natural pozzolan (SCC PZ), and SCC with fly ash (SCC FA). The results obtained of the compressive strength are very close by strength classes for the three mineral admixtures used in the SCC. The results of the different following tests : pull-out test, capillary absorption, accessible water and mercury porosity, chloride ion diffusion, helium permeability, carbonation, acids attack (HCl and H2SO4) and sulfate attack (Na2SO4), show that the nature of the mineral admixture influence greatly the physico-mechanical behavior and durability of the SCC. Also, shrinkage measurements and analysis show that SCC PZ and SCC FA present acceptable values slightly higher than those of other concretes. The SCC containing natural pozzolan represents not only an economic SCC but also performances quite comparables to those obtained on SCC containing fly ash and better than those of SCC made with limestone filler
Thai, Khac Chien. "Etude de l'endommagement de l'interface acier-béton à l'aide de techniques non-destructives : Comportement sous sollicitations mécaniques, thermiques et physico-chimiques." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAR0012/document.
Full textReinforced concrete combines the good tensile strength of steel with the high compressive strength of concrete. However, this association is of real interest if there is a good adhesion at the interface of the two components (concrete and reinforcement). However, accidental or environmental attack may alter the adhesion and make it impossibleto transfer forces between the two components. The aim of this dissertation is to study the properties of the steel concrete interface and to characterize its damage due to mechanical, thermal, and the physicochemical attacks. The main demands included in this study concern the effect of high temperatures, the effect of carbonation, the effect of alternating freeze / thaw and the effect of corrosion. In this study, we used different non-destructive techniques for the material characterization and we have developed original devices for simultaneous measurements of the pull-out resistance and for evaluation of discontinuities. Among the influencing parameters of adhesion, we examined the effect of the nature of the steel bars (smooth bar or deformed bar), the effect of their diameter and of the embedment length. The results highlight the respective interventions of the physicochemical bonding, the mechanical friction and the effect of the concrete strength in thefailure mode of reinforced concrete specimens. The different phases of interface degradation have been identified
Kammouna, Zainab. "Effect of creep strains on the residual mechanical properties of concrete." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI038/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of creep on the concrete mechanical properties evolution. In prestress structures, in the first concrete is completely subjected to compressive stresses. With time, due to relaxation of the prestressed cables and applied load, some tensile stresses may take place in the concrete. So, it is necessary to know the value of the residual mechanical properties after creep effect.The work which concerns only with basic creep (where there is no drying), includes an experimental part and a numerical part. In the experimental part, compressive and tensile (Brazilian) creep tests were carried out on the concrete using different loading levels that applied at different ages of concrete.At the end of each creep test a strength test was carried out on the same concrete for determining the creep effect on the residual mechanical properties. To evaluate the effect of quasi-instantaneous loading in compression and then in tension, some preloading compressive tests were carried out. These tests were accomplished especially to distinguish the effect of quasi-instantaneous effect from that of creep. A quasi-instantaneous compressive test was achieved until a given level and then a Brazilian strength test was carried out to evaluate the effect of compressive preloading on the tensile strength.Numerically, a mesoscopic model was developed for simulating creep and mechanical properties after creep had taken place. The reason for which this mesoscopic technique was used is related to the fact that under the considered loading level of concrete, only the cement paste creeps while the aggregate act as an obstacle to this creep. As a result, tensile stresses arise at cement past-aggregate interface leading to micro cracks at this zone. With this technique, creep strain can generate some damage at mesoscale without any coupling between creep and damage as in sence phenomenological models
Alih, Sophia. "Effet des aciers inox sur le comportement structural des éléments en béton armé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0083/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on studying the behavior of composite concrete reinforced with inoxydable steel. The behavior of a bare steel bar is not the same as that of a bar embedded in concrete. The grip allows the concrete between cracks to resist tensile forces, thereby reducing the average level of stress in the reinforcement steel bars. The consideration of this effect required an experimental and numerical methodology to determine the parameters that describe the transfer of part of the tensile stress in steel bars to concrete. A new constitutive law has been specifically developed for the inoxydable steel bars. This law is integrated into a nonlinear modeling approach of reinforced concrete elements based on discretization in horizontal layers for the analysis section and a vertical discretization for the overall analysis. This approach is able to determine the tension stiffening parameters of the concrete. These parameters are identified using an inverse method by comparing experimental results and those from the numerical calculation. The comparison between experimental results and the prediction of the model implemented in Abaqus shows a very good correlation. Finally, the effect of inoxydable steel on structural responses under seismic actions is presented. Three models are designed and analyzed based on the seismic capacity taking into account the structural ductility of the inoxydable steel
Gérard, Bruno. "Contribution des couplages mécanique-chimie : transfert dans la tenue à long terme des ouvrages de stockage de dechets radioactifs." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0017.
Full textSerifou, Mamery. "Béton à base de recyclats : influence du type de recyclats et rôle de la formulation." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR15230/document.
Full textWaste management is an important issue for Côte d‟Ivoire. Among many possibilities, recycling wastes as aggregates for concrete is a solution that deserves to be evaluated. In this study four recycled aggregates are tested: crushed glass, tire cut rubber, hardened cement and fresh concrete waste. There properties are compared to those of natural aggregates.A first study is realized in Côte d‟Ivoire on glass, rubber and hardened cement. Concrete is realized and tested in compression (cylindrical 16x32 specimens). A mix with an increasing quantity of coarse aggregates is tested for each recycled material (20 %, 25 %, 30 % and 50 % in mass of fine and coarse aggregates). It is shown that the strength decreases with the replacement rate and that the decrease depends on the replacing material. The materials ranged in the following increasing order: rubber, glass, hardened cement and natural aggregates. A power law is established which gives the compressive strength as function of the mix and the materials characteristics. Analytical modeling was proposed for predincting the strength with respect to recycled aggregates size and volume.Another experiment is also made on glass and rubber, where partial replacement in increasing percentage is tested. Natural aggregates are partially replaced in the mix with the ranges of 5, 10, 20, 25 and 30 % by rubber and glass. The compressive strength is determined and a decrease is observed for the two materials. In the case of rubber a high decrease in observe with the replacement. In the case of glass a decrease occurs between 0 and 5 % replacement then the strength remains constant with the replacement rate. The third experiment is made with partial replacement of fresh recycled concrete (excess of ready-mixed concrete from concrete mixing plant which is hardened and then crushed). A plan of experiments is made which allows a polynomial law to be drawn giving the strength as a function of the recycled proportion. Other properties (Young modulus, P wave velocity, porosity, density, etc) have been determined and their relation with replacement rate computed
Benkabou, Rim. "Étude des propriétés nano-mécaniques d’un béton." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS007/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing a numerical multiscale homogenization method for prediction of elasto-viscoplastic properties of a high performance concrete (HPC) where the microstructural heterogeneities are analyzed with the nanoindentation. The homogenization procedure was separated into two-levels according to the microstructure of the HPC: the matrix level composedof hydration products, clinker and fly-ash and the mortar level which accounts for large air porosity and aggregates. The elastoviscoplastic behavior of individual microstructural phases of the matrix are identified from nanoindentation data. An inverse method is applied by using the finite element simulation of the nanoindentaion tests combined with a numerical optimizationprocedure. The micromechanical results are then used as input parameters for numerical elasto-viscoplastic homogenization at microscale. The mortar level is analyzed with numerical homogenization by using the finite element simulation to predict the overall elasto-viscoplastic high performance concrete properties. The results are compared with macroscopic experimental and analytical results from the literature showing a good agreement. The procedure developed in this work gives promising results for the prediction of HPC properties and can be extended to other constitutive laws including damage. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of two concretes prepared with two different adjuvants
Thomassin, Mailhot Mathieu. "Propriétés mécaniques et comportement des réparations structurales en béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27044/27044.pdf.
Full textAlwash, Maitham Fadhil Abbas. "Assessment of concrete strength in existing structures using nondestructive tests and cores : analysis of current methodology and recommendations for more reliable assessment." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0587/document.
Full textTo assess concrete strength in an existing structure, the current methodology combines nondestructive measurements (NDT) like rebound hammer or/and pulse velocity with destructive technique (cores) in order to implement a relationship ‘‘conversion model” between the compressive strength and NDT measurements. The conversion model is used to estimate the local strength value at each test location using the corresponding NDT value.Then the estimated mean strength and/or estimated strength standard deviation (concrete strength variability) values are calculated. However, the reliability of these estimated values isalways a questionable issue because of the uncertainties associated with the strength assessment based upon NDT measurements. To improve the reliability, the uncertainties must be reduced by specifying and controlling their influencing factors. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the current assessment methodology in order to provide practical recommendations that can improve the reliability of assessing the in-situ strength in existing concrete structures by nondestructive tests and cores.To this end, a simulator was built in order to analyze the effects of the most influencing factors using a large campaign of datasets from different sources (in-situ or laboratory studies,and generated synthetic data).The first contribution of this work is the development of a new model identification approach“bi-objective” that can efficiently capture the strength variability in addition to the mean strength. After studying the effect of the way of selection the core locations, a method was proposed to select these locations depending on the NDT measurements “conditional selection” that improves the quality of assessment without additional cost. A third innovation was the development of a procedure to identify the relation between the number of cores and the accuracy of the estimation. Finally recommendations were derived in order to providemore reliable estimated values
Yammine, Joumana. "Rhéologie des bétons fluides à hautes performances : relations entre formulations, propriétés rhéologiques, physico-chimie et propriétés mécaniques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482782.
Full textKahouadji, Abderrahim. "Prévision des résistances mécaniques du béton aux jeunes ages par maturométrie." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0043.
Full textThe central theme of the work presented in this thesis focuses on the influence of temperature and water-cement ratio on the evolution of the corn hardening concrete at early age, in recognition of the fact that the former plays an important role in the kinetics and physical structure of the hardening cement paste. Using extensive data obtained from published works, a new efficient and physically compatible model was created and tested against the three principal models in cur rent use. The model was subsequently used to predict the compressive strength create as function of time and temperature. Laboratory tests on concrete specimens. Confirmed the influence of thermal curing on the strength of concrete. On the basis of the observations gathered, thereof, the coefficients used in the new model can expressed as a function of two essential parameters : temperature of the concrete and the initial water-cement ratio. These parameters are easily identified and justified for concrete cured in a closed isothermal system. Meanwhile in the case of non-isothermal conditions, the provisional compressive strength can be obtained using a program code named « MCV ». Such a program can be validated on a construction site by comparing not only the results obtained from normalized tests but also those obtained by the method of equivalent time. Finally an appropriate tool is to predicts, using non-destruction means, the strength of concrete over
Turetta, Maxime. "Development of an innovative U-shaped steel-concrete composite beam solution : experimental and numerical studies on the mechanical behaviour." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0203.
Full textAn innovative solution of steel-concrete composite beam was developed taking into consideration the fire situation and the construction stage. The beam is composed of a U-shaped steel part connected to a reinforced concrete part. In the construction phase, the beam is supporting the slab and constitutes a formwork for the reinforced concrete part. The U-shaped beam withstands the construction loads without any temporary propping system. When casting concrete, the steel beam is filled at the same time as the slab, this allows considerable time-saving on site. In exploitation stage, the beam behaves as a steel-concrete composite beam. The connection between the two materials is made by welded headed studs on the lower part of the U-shaped beam. In fire situations, the composite beam satisfies conventional fire stability durations due to the longitudinal reinforcements inside the concrete downstand part with sufficient covers. A literature review focuses on modern solutions that fulfils the criteria of the thesis is performed in order to develop an innovative solution optimised. In construction stage, the U-shaped steel beam without restraints is prone to lateral torsional buckling instability. In order to characterise the stability of the beam, a full-scale test is carried out at the Laboratory of the University of Luxembourg. The test clearly showed the lateral torsional buckling of the steel beam. The test results are compared to numerical simulations and analytical studies. A parametrical study, covering 200 geometrical configurations of the U-shaped beam, is carried out to validate the use of the curve "b" for the design of the steel beam for lateral torsional buckling according to Eurocodes 3. In the exploitation phase, once the concrete hardens, the beam has a steel-concrete composite behaviour provided by the shear connection between the two materials. For manufacturing reasons, the connection is located in a zone where the concrete is subjected to tension forces induced by the bending of the beam. The concrete in this zone is potentially cracked, thus the efficiency of the connection and therefore the mechanical steel-concrete composite behaviour is investigated. Another test is therefore carried out in the Laboratory of the University of Luxembourg, this time the specimen tested is made of concrete and steel. The failure mode is a shear mechanism of the composite beam at very large displacements. However, the beam specimen exhibited a real steel-concrete composite behaviour with high ductility, the connection is therefore very efficient. The test results are compared to numerical simulations in order to validate the finite element model developed. From numerical results and test results, an analytical method, based on EN 1994-1-1, is proposed to find the bending resistant of this composite beam by taking into account the partial yield of the side plates of the U-shaped steel section. A global analytical design method is proposed for the developed solution based on the Eurocodes with additional considerations and constructional guidelines
Diafat, Nabil. "Etude des règles de compensation entre durée de cure et dosage en ciment." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0004.
Full textBourdette, Béatrice. "Durabilité du mortier : prise en compte des auréoles de transition dans la caractérisation et la modélisation des processus physiques et chimiques d'altération." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0030.
Full textAlrechane, Bassem. "Palliatifs pour les difficultés expérimentales de l'appareil triaxial : comportement type pour les sables et les argiles remaniées." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0440.
Full textMALOU, ZAHIR. "Etude de l'optimisation des proprietes mecaniques et thermiques des materiaux poreux de type betons cellulaires." Cergy-Pontoise, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CERG0013.
Full textCalais, Thomas. "PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES ET DURABILITÉ D’UN BÉTON LÉGER. Application en régions froides." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/27826/27826.pdf.
Full textOver the years, lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) has been used in many building projects, notably in the USA and Nordic countries, but only in a few in Quebec. The aim of this project is to establish a better understanding of the fundamental properties of LWAC for a possible use in repairs and new structural projects. Several experimental phases were conducted in order to evaluate the mechanical properties, the cracking risk, the resistance of rapid freezing and thawing and the scaling resistance of a LWAC made with expanded shale coarse aggregate. We focused on two factors: the LWA water content and the evaluation of the quantity of water from LWA counted in the water/binder ratio. The experimental results show that, even if the understanding of the movements of water around the LWA is not yet total, mechanical properties and durability meeting structural standards can be obtained. For many properties like the cracking risk and the freezing resistance, LWAC are even better than usual concrete.
Calais, Thomas. "Propriétés mécaniques et durabilité d'un béton léger : application en régions froides." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24023.
Full textOver the years, lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) has been used in many building projects, notably in the USA and Nordic countries, but only in a few in Quebec. The aim of this project is to establish a better understanding of the fundamental properties of LWAC for a possible use in repairs and new structural projects. Several experimental phases were conducted in order to evaluate the mechanical properties, the cracking risk, the resistance of rapid freezing and thawing and the scaling resistance of a LWAC made with expanded shale coarse aggregate. We focused on two factors: the LWA water content and the evaluation of the quantity of water from LWA counted in the water/binder ratio. The experimental results show that, even if the understanding of the movements of water around the LWA is not yet total, mechanical properties and durability meeting structural standards can be obtained. For many properties like the cracking risk and the freezing resistance, LWAC are even better than usual concrete.
Ovigne, Pierre-Alexandre. "Comportement vibratoire de poutres en béton armé fissurées avec renfort en matériau composite." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10267.
Full textParadis, François. "Analyse du comportement structural d'un composite mince en béton. : nalyse du comportement structural du canoë de béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21701/21701.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents bares the analyses of Laval University’s Apogee 2002 concrete canoe. The predominant objective is to investigate and understand the canoe’s reaction under various loading patterns. A second objective is to elaborate design criteria for these types of structures. These criteria and comprehension of the structural behavior will be used for the upcoming canoes. These objectives are achieved coalescing experimentation and modeling. The present work begins with the elaboration of the concrete design used for Apogee’s construction. The characterization of the physical and mechanical properties of the composites used in the structure follows. Additionally, the sub-structures of the canoe and the entire canoe’s structural reaction analyses are predicted fulfilled using a finite element software. Finally, in-situ tests are performed on the canoe and the results compared to that obtained with the numerical model. The experimentation comprised both static and dynamic tests. Dynamic testing is used to determine the strain amplification due to paddling and turning. The design criteria are determined and presented according to the results obtained from the finite element software followed by experimentation.
Inscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Dehoux, Anita. "Propriétés mécaniques des couches de produits de corrosion à l'interface acier / béton." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828155.
Full textFeddal, Dalila. "Contribution au développement d'un calorimètre isotherme plan à large domaine d'applications : mortiers, bétons, matériaux très réactifs, hautes températures." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0209.
Full textThe knowledge of the kinetics of hydration is a major factor to highlight the mechanical and rheological behaviour of the concrete during setting and hardening. Two isothermal calorimeters were developed within our laboratory. Whereas usual adiabatic or semi adiabatic calorimeters are based on temperatures measurements, heat flux is monitored on 110x220 mm cylindrical or 90x90x160 mm prismatic samples. They brought significant advances in the study of the kinetics of hydration. For traditional mixtures and normal curing conditions, the isothermy is correctly assured. However, in the case of very reactive mixtures or for high curing temperatures, the processes of hydration are strongly exothermic and the isothermy is no more assured. Thus, new 150x150 mm plane calorimeter with low basic thickness and flexible height was developed and presented herein. It allows the study of very reactive materials such as concrete or grouts containing quick-setting cements and allows high test temperature. Then, the main contribution and application of this newly developed calorimeter was prospected. The purposes of these studies are, first, to highlight the effect of temperature of the hydration process and the mix design of concrete. In addition, these calorimetric measurements enable to determinate the apparent activation energy which is an essential parameter for maturometry. Results of a study at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40°C are presented. Of share its variable geometry, one of the possible applications is to compare the kinetics of hydration and apparent activation energy at various scales (concrete, concrete equivalent mortar "CEM" and CEN mortar). Then, another possible application is the concrete study in quite isothermal conditions at high temperature (40 to 80°C), to verify if the Arrhénius law is still accurate for cement-based materials cast at high temperature
KADRI, EL HADJ. "Contribution a l'etude de l'influence de la fumee de silice sur les caracteristiques des betons a hautes performances (b. H. P. )." Cergy-Pontoise, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CERG0046.
Full textThummen, Frédéric. "Propriétés mécaniques et durée de vie de bétons réfractaires." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0027/these.pdf.
Full textRefractories are responsible for high and recurrent costs in CFB (Circulating Fluidised Bed) power plants. The major origins of the degradations of these materials are caused by thermal shocks and constrained dilatation during the different temperature cycles. The purpose of this study is first to better describe the mechanical behaviour and the damage of these refractories – which is still mostly unknown – and then to develop some damage prediction techniques. We have studied through non destructive techniques (acoustic emission, ultrasounds) the damage of two refractory concretes during 4-point bending tests, compression tests and tensile tests as well as their behaviour in fatigue. In order to be able to predict the service life of these materials in fatigue, we used a simple power law phenomenological model. This allowed to predict the time to failure as function of cycle amplitude and maximum stress. Acoustic emission appears to be a reliable indicator of the damage. Moreover, the acoustic emission data processing by a classificator (k-mean) enables us to separate the useful signal from the background noise. This analysis appeared effective in laboratory and simulated industrial environment. Lastly, the modeling of the lifetime in fatigue enabled us to propose various damage mechanisms during the fatigue test
Bergonnier, Sandra. "Relation entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques de matériaux enchevêtrés." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136408.
Full textMadhkhan, Morteza. "Étude du comportement des pieux en béton de fibres métalliques sous sollicitation sismique." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-163.pdf.
Full textGranger, Sébastien. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation du phénomène d'auto-cicatrisation des fissures dans les bétons." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2098.
Full textThe propagation of cracks in concrete structures, due to loadings (mechanical, thermal. . . ) or time dependant effects (creep, shrinkage…), results in loss of resistances and durability problems, linked to watertightness and transfer properties. With specific conditions, and without any external intervention of repair, some cracks can heal themselves. The phenomenon is mainly based on chemical reactions between water and cement, hydrated or not, available in hardened concrete microstructure. The self healing phenomenon has been mainly highlighted, in previous works, by means of water permeability tests, showing its role in durability considerations. The presented work aims at analysing the role of the phenomenon on a mechanical point of view. An experimental program is developed, in order to quantify the mechanical behaviour, under 3 points bending, of concrete beams initially cracked, and then aged in conditions allowing or not the occurrence of the phenomenon. Different kinds of concrete are analysed, a model material with high performances and classical concretes. The cracking processes of the specimens are also studied with acoustic emission techniques. The results show a recovery of mechanical properties for the specimens stored in water, and the following of cracking processes confirms that this mechanical gains are due to the precipitation of new crystals in the cracks, which are less resistant than those from the normal hydration of cement. These crystals are then analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry, and a link is established between the mechanical results and the characteristics of the new crystals. With these results, a first approach of mechanical behaviour modelling including the self healing is proposed, and first qualitative results are presented. In parallel to this work on the mechanical behaviour, a non destructive technique, based on the time reversal principle, is developed in order to follow phenomena in concrete. The results of preliminary tests applied to the self healing are thus presented
Paciorek, Christophe. "Analyse expérimentale du comportement d'éléments en vraie grandeur en béton renforcé de fibres métalliques à ancrage amélioré ou total." Artois, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ARTO0002.
Full textFeraille-Fresnet, Adélaïde. "Le rôle de l'eau dans le comportement à haute température des bétons." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENPC0007.
Full textSince 1996, three fires have been counted in tunnels in Europe. During each of these accidents, the temperature reached by the structure has been estimated between 800°C and 1200°C. Beside these spectacular accidenta! situations, there are many other situations in which concrete structures are submitted to high temperatures during their regular use. Several research work has been undertaken for a better understanding of the behaviour of concrete submitted to high temperatures and the physical phenomena involved. This PhD Thesis takes ddwn as part of this research work and develops, more particularly, the role of water in the material submitted to heating up to high temperatures. At first, we are interested in the role of water inside a material crack, during heating. We have established an original analytical solution giving the liquid-vapour repartition and the stress intensity factor, as fonctions of crack's length, water molecules contained in the inner of the crack and temperature. Then, we are able to study the crack stability. In the second part, we propose to approach the studied phenomena using the non saturated porous media theory. We present a thermo-hydro-chemical model which permits to describe the concrete behaviour under thermal loading. The material microstructure is defined using a "porosimetric surface". Each pore is characterised by two radii: the pore radius and the access radius into the pore. With this description, the zone of pores saturated by liquid is astate variable. We also introduce the concept of kinetic dehydration, clearly lighted by experimental studies. An hypothesis of erosion of the solid phase by dehydration permits to link the evolution of microstructure and of the zone of pores saturated by liquid to the mass of water created by dehydration
Clément, Philippe. "Détermination des propriétés mécaniques de céramiques poreuses par essais de microindentation instrumentée sphérique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961208.
Full textClément, Phillipe. "Détermination des propriétés mécaniques de céramiques poreuses par essais de microindentation instrumentée sphérique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0030/document.
Full textThe objective of this study is to develop a methodology to characterize the mechanical behaviour of porous inorganic materials. Spherical instrumented indentation tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of a model material, gypsum, with two different porosities (30 and 60% vol.). Classical analytical methods, initially developed for nano-indentation, were used to extract the hardness and the elastic modulus of both materials, as well as stress-strain indentation curves. A methodology has been detailed in order to apply spherical indentation test to study high porous ceramics. To complete this analytical analysis, a numerical approach is used to identify an elastoplastic constitutive law for the material model. A 2D axisymmetric finite element model was developed to simulate spherical indentation tests. An inverse identification module, MIC2M, was then used to identify parameters associated to Drücker-Prager criterion (cohesion, friction and dilatancy) by minimizing the error between the experimental and the simulated indentation curves. These parameters were validated through the numerical simulation of a Vickers indentation test. Uniaxial compression and oedometer tests were also carried out on cylindrical samples to estimate the accuracy of the identified parameters. The mechanisms occurring during indentation were investigated using RX tomography and SEM. A large densified zone was noted below the indented area, with extensive gypsum crystal fracture. No macroscopic brittle crack could be observed confirming the differences between the mechanical behaviour of high porous ceramics and dense ceramics. The methodology developed in this study was applied to calcium phosphate cements, widely used for bone substitution. In-vitro degradation tests were performed on cylindrical samples of cements during 2 months into a refreshed Phosphate Buffered Saline solution. The micro-indentation method was enabled to follow mechanical properties of degraded samples and was discriminant enough to monitor the degradation process and its kinetics. Results showed a good correlation between evolutions of mechanical and physico-chemical properties of the cement investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM. Thus, after initial cement dissolution, precipitation of more stable phosphate calcium phases implied an increase of the mechanical properties during aging. This method seems to be a promising tool for monitoring biomedical explants properties and, more generally, high porous ceramics
Houget, Véronique. "Etude des caractéristiques mécaniques et physico-chimiques de composites ciments-fibres organiques." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0065.
Full textThis work deals with the study of the mechanical properties of organic fibres reinforced cementitious composites and the microstructural analysis of fibres-rnatrix interfaces. Seven fibres were chosen : polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polypropylene, polyvinylalcohol, polyaramid and carbon. The reinforcement ratios varied from 0. 35 to 6% by weight. The results obtained from the study of some continuous fibres reinforced cementitious composites show a certain adhesion fibres and matrix witch can be assessed from "reinforced concrete" modelling. When short fibres are used, the portlandite is the main hydrate at fibre-matrix interface. It reacts with polyester fibres and leads to a brittle composite with time. In other cases, it prevents fibres from slipping and reduces the composite ductility (polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylonitrile). For polyamide and polypropylene fibres, the ductility is preserved. With polyaramid and carbon, brittle composites are obtained
Yssorche, Marie-Pierre. "Microfissuration et durabilité des bétons à hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0008.
Full textLemarignier, Thierry. "Fissuration des chaussées en béton armé continu au jeune âge." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523285.
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