Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Béton précontraint – Contrôle non destructif'
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Charotte, Lucie. "Auscultation des gaines de post-tension : méthode non destructive par radar dans le béton précontraint." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25296.
Full textThis project focuses on auscultation of post-tensioning ducts in prestressed concrete structures. After some background on prestressing, a literature review was conducted to select a non-destructive assessment method that would be most appropriate for detecting grout voids. Following the review, the auscultation radar method has been selected and examined in detail in order to identify its limitations and to propose and implement an appropriate experimental testing program. The selection of the method was not solely based on the litterature review but was also dictated by the choice to concentrate the study on plastic ducts. Althougth these ducts are relatively new on the market, it is expected that, in a near future, they will become commonly used in high aggressive environment. Seven concrete block samples containing 14 identical prestressing plastic ducts were injected with cimentious grout with different filling degree (no grout to entirely fill duct) and were installed at different locations within the concrete samples. This project is a first step towards improving our detection knowledge of plastic prestressing ducts by the radar method. Nevertheless, the study of the influence of ciment grout (degree of filling) gave good research perspectives to improve the performance of the radar measurement analysis and its use for the detection of grout voids often associated with the degradation of post-tensioning cables by corrosion.
Du, Tao. "Thermographie infrarouge active par induction électromagnétique. : application à l'auscultation d'éléments en béton renforcé." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0203/document.
Full textThe economical and security aspects of the durability of the prestressed concrete construction works lead to develop new non destructive testing methods. This work was developed within the framework of the ANR ACTENA French research project. The main arms are to contribute to the localization of prestressed tendon ducts or rebars and also to the detection of the poor filling defects. The context of this study and previous works are described in the chapter I. The introduction of an inductor heating provides a non uniformity of the heating. In order to avoid any misinterpretation of thermograms, a frequential method based on transfer functions is proposed in chapter II. A 3D numerical model of the experimental specimens is performed by finite element method. Chapter III shows experimental results for three concrete beam specimens. The frequential procedure is applied to the raw thermograms. The results are discussed and highlighted the interest of phase images. A quantitative approach is applied to infrared thermographical results in the chapter IV. Finally, an inverse method is proposed and allowed to the determination of thermal diffusivity and the thickness of the cover concrete
Ostrowski, Christopher. "Auscultation des ouvrages en béton par thermographie infrarouge active et passive." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0210.
Full textThis work deals with the study of infrared thermography as a non destructive testing method in order to detect defect in concrete buildings. First time, the aim is to detect tendons and empty duct and characterise the thermal diffusivity of reinforced concrete by active thermography. Pulsed Phase Thermography (PPT) is used to increase the detection by the analyse of phase images in low frequencies. The thermal diffusivity is identified by iterative inverse method Gauss Seidel and numerical model. This method minimise the sum of a least square function defined as the difference between measurements and a model results. Based on an exhaustive study of sensitive coefficients, the experimental mode is optimally designed. Second time, by passive thermography, we try to detect flaws under concrete slabs using time sequential thermography. To obtain accuracy location, the thermal images are associated to a topographical reference
Girard, Marion. "Étude de la précontrainte par post-tension par évaluation non destructive (END) : application de la méthode impact-écho (IE) combinée à l'endoscopie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/28573/28573.pdf.
Full textAuscultation of post-tensioned concrete structures represents a particular challenge because the prestressing reinforcement as well as prestressing ducts are embedded in the concrete and become, thereby, mostly inaccessible to Inspection. However, the condition of the tendons (presence of corrosion) as well as the quality of the grout injection of the ducts (presence of voids) are important indicators of a structure durability. In order to shed light upon auscultation of post-tensioned structures, this study first proposes a review of the literature on nondestructive methods and discusses their applicability in the context of prestressed structure assessment. Based on the review, the impact echo method was selected and utilized for the auscultation of test bodies, manufactured in laboratory, as well as for the auscultation of dismantled post-tensioned bridge sampled beams. Endoscopy, considered a semi-destructive testing method, came in support to the impact echo method and was used on the same concrete test bodies or samples. Following the description of the methodology related to the two assessment methods and the description of the concrete samples available, an entier chapter is dedicated to typical experimental results. The findings of the study show that the practice of endoscopy is particularly well suited to the observation of injection voids or of the prestressed reinforcement state in the grouted ducts.. In the case of the impact-echo the study showed that, although there is a potential of grout void detections, in situations where massive and complex parts are involved (due to the presence of multiple cables, the presence of damage or geometrical imperfections), the interpretation of results is difficult. The treatment of the mesures (signals) needs to be further developed before the impact echo method can be used routinely on large elements.
Bore, Thierry. "Amélioration du diagnostic de l'endommagement des gaines de précontrainte extérieure par sonde capacitive." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592267.
Full textTravassos, Lucas. "Modélisation numérique pour l'évaluation non destructive électromagnétique : Application au contrôle non destructif des structures en béton." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177523.
Full textConcrete is the most common building material and accounts for a large part of the systems that are necessary for a country to operate smoothly including buildings, roads, and bridges. Nondestructive testing is one of the techniques that can be used to assess the structural condition. It provides nonperceptible information that conventional techniques of evaluation unable to do. The main objective of this work is the numerical simulation of a particular technique of nondestructive testing: the radar. The numerical modeling of the radar assessment of concrete structures make it possible to envisage the behavior of the system and its capacity to detect defects in various configurations. To achieve this objective, it was implemented electromagnetic wave propagation models in concrete structures, by using various numerical techniques to examine different aspects of the radar inspection. First of all, we implemented the finite-difference time-domain method in 3D which allows to take into account concrete characteristics such as porosity, salt content and the degree of saturation of the mixture by using Debye models. In addition, a procedure to improve the radiation pattern of bowtie antennas is presented. This approach involves the Moment Method in conjunction with the Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm. Finally, we implemented imaging algorithms which can perform fast and precise characterization of buried targets in inhomogenous medium by using three different methods. The performance of the proposed algorithms is confirmed by numerical simulations
Bourdi, Taoufik. "Modélisation fréquentielle de la permittivité du béton pour le contrôle non destructif par géoradar." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6118.
Full textTravassos, Xisto. "Modélisation numérique pour l'évaluation non destructive électromagnétique : application au contrôle non destructif des structures en béton." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177523.
Full textL'objectif principal de ce travail est la simulation numérique d'une technique particulière de contrôle non destructif : l'analyse radar. La modélisation numérique de cette analyse radar de structures en béton doit permettre de prévoir le comportement du système et sa capacité à détecter des défauts dans différentes configurations.
Nous proposons pour atteindre cet objectif, la mise en oeuvre de modèles de propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans des structures en béton, en utilisant des techniques numériques diverses afin d'examiner les différentes aspects de l'inspection radar. Tout d'abord, nous mettons en oeuvre la méthode des différences finies en 3D qui permet de prendre aisément en compte la modélisation des caractéristiques du béton comme la porosité, la présence de sel et le degré de saturation du mélange en utilisant des modèles de Debye. Ensuite, nous proposons un algorithme d'optimisation pour l'amélioration d'antennes papillon dans le cas de la détection de cibles spatialement proches, en utilisant des Algorithmes Génétiques et la Méthode des Moments. Finalement, nous mettons en oeuvre des algorithmes d'imagerie, qui accomplissent l'évaluation rapide et précise de la forme de la cible enfouie dans des milieux inhomogènes, en utilisant trois méthodes différentes. La performance des algorithmes proposés est confirmée par des simulations numériques.
Pouyez, Stéphane Jean-Jacques. "Caractérisation de matériaux polyphasiques évolutifs par le suivi de l'impédance électrique d'implants piezoélectriques : application aux liants hydrauliques." Artois, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ARTO0202.
Full textLataste, Jean-François. "Évaluation non destructive de l'état d'endommagement des ouvrages en béton armé par mesures de résistivité électrique." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12609.
Full textHamrouche, Rani. "Reconnaissance géométrique des structures en maçonnerie ou en béton par imagerie radar multi récepteurs : approche numérique et expérimentale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5801.
Full textOuld-Naffa, Sidi. "Evaluation de la dégradation du béton par ondes ultrasonores." Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/290d9da8-ff0c-4513-a427-8c93b0367726.
Full textThis research deals with a non-destructive method for characterizing the degraded cover of concrete structures using high-frequency ultrasound (0. 5 to 1 MHz). Although such a frequency range is unusual in civil engineering, it is well suited to the kind of defect to be detected, as it corresponds to a thin near-to-surface layer with increased porosity and density of microcracks. In order to assess the feasibility of detecting concrete cover degradation, velocity and attenuation measurements were made on both halves of a concrete slab. One half was immersed into an acid solution for 15 to 45 days , while the other half remained sound. These measurements were made for longitudinal, transverse and surface waves. The results obtained show a 22% decrease of ultrasonic pulse velocity and a increase of attenuation by a factor of 10. It is thus possible to detect and characterize concrete cover degradation using high-frequency ultrasound. Although attenuation measurements in heterogeneous media are difficult to perform, their sensitivity to degradation is very high
Garcia, Sylvain. "Caractérisation de l'état de corrosion des aciers dans le béton par cartographie de potentiel." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30383/document.
Full textHalf-cell potential mapping is commonly used to detect corrosion risks in reinforced concrete structures. This method uses a reference electrode positioned on the surface of concrete for measuring potential difference by using a voltmeter connected to the reinforcement. However, there are two major drawbacks in the implementation of this method: the necessity to make an electrical connection to the reinforcement and the electrical continuity of this reinforcement. In order to overcome these disadvantages, a new method is proposed. Instead of using electrical connection to rebar, a second reference electrode is used, also positioned on the surface. These two electrodes configuration gives the electrical potential gradient on the concrete surface. By performing both experimental work and numerical modelling this method configuration is tested. For experimental work, two reinforced concrete slabs (3x3x0.15 meter sized) were cast to be close to actual structural conditions. The corroded areas are created with an accelerated method, using the migration of chloride ions. Corrosion size and localisation are controlled during the experiment. The thickness of the concrete cover has an influence on the measures, for this reason in the first slab reinforcement depth is fixed, while it is variable in the second slab. Concerning modelling, a parametric study using a finite element model is performed. This model allows the study of the influence of several parameters such as resistivity, corroded area size, concrete cover and also the measurement process. It is the analysis of the corrosion current, as well as potential mapping that allows the correlation between the experimental and modelling results. Discussion of both results concludes on the feasibility of this method and confirms its benefits compared to the usual half-cell potential mapping
Keo, Sam Ang. "Développement d'une méthode de thermographie infrarouge active par excitation micro-ondes appliquée au contrôle non destructif." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0214/document.
Full textIn the field of Civil Engineering, many inspection methods have been developed. They are intended to evaluate the condition of structures by providing information about the internal structure or status of the materials. Techniques based on infrared thermography are promising as they have the advantage of giving high performances and results by the thermograms observation that seems more accessible. The objective of the thesis is to develop a new active infrared thermography method based on a microwave excitation system designed and built for this study.The microwave source was set up based on a commercial magnetron 800 W at2.45 GHz associated to a pyramidal horn antenna for guiding microwave radiation to the heated elements. Compared to other sources traditionally used in active infrared thermography, the microwaves can propagate into the volume of a concrete element. The waves undergo the reflection and the diffraction effects while they impact any metal parts. The interference phenomena can appear on the surface and generate, by the radiothermal effect, the temperature gradients observed by infrared thermography. These effects occur instantaneously. Considering all the safety, the tests with the new excitation system were carried out in a high frequency protection cell. This new method has been applied to the defect detection (adhesive absence) in the case of a composite reinforcement (CFRP), a metal element behind a wooden plate of one centimeter of thickness, and more particularly the vertical reinforcement bars in a reinforced concrete wall
Ciccarone, Charles. "Utilisation d'ondes de surface à l'aide de scanners acoustiques sans contact pour le contrôle non destructif de structures en béton." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0014.
Full textThis work proposes a method for the non-destructive testing of concrete for civil engineering structures.This method is based on the emission and reception - when the surface wave has passed through the material - ofacoustic sonic and ultrasonic waves. The waves used in this thesis are surface waves, as they have the property ofpenetrating the material to a depth equal to their wavelength. The auscultation of concrete is done using twoscanners: a first scanner applying this method with high frequency waves was used to characterize the concreteskin, while a second scanner using low frequency waves, developed within the framework of this work, made itpossible to characterize a concrete over the thickness of an entire wall. In order to determine the capabilities andlimitations of this method for the non-destructive testing of concrete, several pathologies or environmentalconditions of concrete were simulated in the laboratory on test specimens. These specimens were then examinednon-destructively with acoustic scanners and destructively with material tests. The pathologies or conditions inquestion were leaching, delamination, micro/macrocracking of the concrete, and its state of saturation. Comparisonof the results allowed us to conclude that this method and these scanners are able to detect and determine the depthof a leaching of concrete, as well as for a delamination within concrete, to follow the evolution of a saturation frontwithin a limestone but not yet within a concrete, and to detect and follow the stress and micro-cracking as well asthe evolution of macro-cracks, in particular thanks to automated measurements carried out in situ on the VeRCoRsstructure
Faham, Nazir. "Conception et realisation d'un systeme de focalisation dynamique ultrasonore pour l'auscultation des ouvrages d'art par echographie." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05S007.
Full textKodjo, Apedovi. "Contribution à la caractérisation des bétons endommagés par des méthodes de l'acoustique non linéaire : aaplication à la réaction alcalis-silice." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CERG0453.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the non-destructive characterization of concrete specimens damaged by alkali-silica reaction (ASR). A test device and some nonlinear characterization techniques have been developed and applied for acoustoelastic and nonlinear resonance tests on sounds and damages concrete samples. It was shown at first that concrete damaged by ASR exhibits hysteresis behaviour. It was shown also that the nonlinear technique can be used for characterizing the early damage in the material without knowing its initial state. Studies were also carried out on the effect of moisture regarding the nonlinear parameters. The specific characteristic of damage caused by ASR using viscosity effect of gel is analyzed. An approach based on static creep analysis and spring-damping model of Maxwell were used for the interpretation of the results
Naar, Samuel. "Evaluation non destructive du béton par mesures de résistivité électrique et thermographie infrarouge passive." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13161.
Full textThéroux, Louis-Daniel. "Thermographie et shearographie appliquées au contrôle non-destructif d'interfaces entre de l'adhésif époxy et du CFRP." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30729/30729.pdf.
Full textLarget, Mathilde. "Contribution à l’évaluation de la dégradation du béton : thermographie infrarouge et couplage de techniques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14318/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the use of infrared thermography as a tool for non destructive testing ofbuildings. Mainly, the application is on civil engineering projects.The first part includes identifying the parameters that can affect this in situ technique. Thisparticularly deals with the infrared thermography capacity to detect intrinsic property variations, anddelamination detection. Combination of experiments on concrete slabs and numerical simulationsare used. In a first step, a study on the capacity of thermography to detect porosity and watercontent variation was conducted. In a second step a study on the thresholds for detectingdelaminations based on exposure conditions is carried out. As an outcome, the threshold that hasbeen detected corresponds to a ratio of 2 between the lateral extension of the defect and its depthto direct sunlight; while a ratio of 3,3 if it is exposed to air temperature variations. This studysuggests that a time monitoring combined with the study of the evolution of temporal temperaturegradients can improve the detection limits. Finally, an original study showed the predominance ofthe influence of bridging on the depth of delamination.The second part tackles the works carried out during the ANR project SENSO. Results fromdifferent non destructive tools were coupled for the purpose of improving diagnosis in the assetmanagement
Nguyen, Ngoc tan. "Évaluation non destructive des structures en béton armé : étude de la variabilité spatiale et de la combinaison des techniques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0115/document.
Full textThe budgets assigned to the repair of structures and built heritage have reached an alarming level. A scientific approach is needed to reduce these budgets by implementing tools for a more reliable and optimal assessment of existing structures. Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques constitute one of approaches adapted to real conditions. These techniques are based on well-known physical principles. Many companies offer their services in NDT domain today but many challenges remain. The two particular needs of structure managers are the optimization of the assessment strategy (where to measure? how many testing points? what technique(s) and what precision?) and the quantification of mechanical properties of materials or durability indicators such as the compressive strength, the carbonation depth, the moisture content. The questions are how to estimate these properties from measurements performed, and what are the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation?This thesis is part of two French research projects: ACDC-C2D2 and ANR EVaDéOS. The main objective is to analyze the variability of non-destructive testing (NDT) measurements for assessing the spatial variability of concrete in real conditions. NDT techniques considered are chosen as being complementary: radar, electrical resistivity, ultrasonic, rebound hammer. The results are obtained from a wide campaign of measurements, which was performed on concrete slabs of a testing site and on two existing structures. The analysis of the NDT variability makes it possible to assess the necessary minimum number of measurements for a desired level of confidence. Furthermore, the spatial correlation of the data was modeled using the variogram analysis. In some cases, the results show that NDT measurements are not spatially independent. The correlation lengths identified depend on the measured property and the concrete of the structure inspected. They are a new result, which will provide on one hand a better evaluation of spatial variability of concrete and on the other hand a more realistic input of reliability calculations of structures. The correlation length allows also the identification of an optimal sampling distance on existing structure within the monitoring time or the implementation of additional analyses (eg. core, complementary or more reliable NDT) and a better representation of the spatial mapping of concrete properties.Within the framework of the ANR EvaDéOS research project, the effects of carbonation and of moisture gradients on NDT measurements were studied. This work aims to study the sensitivity of NDT techniques for assessing these two durability indicators and their impact on the variability of NDT measurements. In laboratory, the experimental surveys were carried out on testing specimens having different depths of carbonation or moisture gradients. The effect of carbonation was quantified for several parameters: electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer. With respect to the variability of NDT measurements, the effect of carbonation is only significant in the case of saturated concrete, in particular for the local variability of electrical resistivity and rebound hammer. This effect is weak in comparison with the effect of saturation degree. The first results show also that the measurements of electrical resistivity would follow moisture gradients in concrete
Hadj, Henni Anis Rédha. "Vibrations de structures générées par micro-ondes pulsées : application à l'évaluation non-destructive." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13213.
Full textFnine, Abdelilah. "Ausculation de la peau du béton par ondes ultrasonores haute fréquence." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Fnine.pdf.
Full textKlysz, Gilles. "Caractérisation du béton d'enrobage par technique radar : exploitation de l'onde directe émetteur-récepteur." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30204.
Full textLaurens, Stéphane. "Aptitude de la technique radar à la caractérisation du béton d'enrobage - Aide au diagnostic de la corrosion des armatures." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0026.
Full textThe development of non-destructive testing in civil engineering is related to the aging of structures. This aging is usually accompanied by some changes in the properties of construction materials, which call the needs concerning the mechanical behaviour, the service ability or the aesthetic characteristics of the structure into question. The aim of this study is to adapt radar technology to the physical characterisation of concrete, in order to highlight the conditions leading to reinforcement corrosion (main cause of damages). Indeed, experimental results on concrete laboratory samples show some interesting aptitudes to the assessment of concrete humidity, and chloride contamination. A specific application to the corrosion of reinforcement of concrete bridge decks with asphalt cover is also developed and verified on site through a comparison with half-cell potential measurements. The approach is just consisting in mapping the reflectivity of asphalt-concrete interface in order to locate humidity contrasts and, thus, areas presenting a high corrosion probability. At least, speed, easiness, reliable and non-destructive measurements are qualities, which give to the radar technique a great interest for large scale auscultation
Al-Soudani, Maha. "Diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures in civil engineering by GPR technology : development of alternate methods for precise geometric recognition." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30090.
Full textLack of acquaintance in the real geometry of a structure leads to incorrect evaluation of its state. Consequently, this will lead to inaccurate estimation of bearing capacity, durability, stability and moreover, the need for repair or strengthening. Furthermore, optimization of the required time for repair process needs to well recognize the parts of structure to be assessed and also to avoid the critical zones such as reinforcing bars, cables, etc., during repairing. Therefore; it becomes necessary to use a non-destructive testing (NDT) method in order to know the real geometry of structure in particular, the location of reinforcements in reinforced concrete structures. GPR is considered as an ideal non-invasive technique in detecting and locating these reinforcements. However, its accuracy in localization is limited. The aim of this research project has therefore been to increase the accuracy of GPR in recognizing the internal geometry of reinforced concrete structures. The main objective of this study is to locate accurately the position of reinforcements into three dimensions. To achieve this purpose, a new methodology for GPR measurement and processing is proposed in this study.Several configurations of data acquisition using simulated signals are tested to propose and develop an appropriate imaging algorithm for the propagation medium to imagine its internal geometry and to locate accurately the reinforcing bars. Further processing are applied to improve the accuracy of detection and to identify the different interfaces in the tested medium. Both algorithm and processing are applied on simulated signals. Subsequent experimental validations have been applied using real signals acquired from different real reinforced concrete slabs. The goal is to test the ability of proposed imaging algorithm for the localization of different targets. The encouraging results indicate that this algorithm is able to estimate the position of different buried targets and not only the reinforcing bars with an estimation error of (0-1)mm.The performance of proposed algorithm has compared to those of migration method and to the results obtained from pachometer. These comparisons have systematically revealed a better localization accuracy using the developed algorithm.Another study has been proposed in this work by testing the algorithm using modified real signals. These signals are produced by reducing the gain as less as possible. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that the proposed algorithm is able to localize the different goals even if the signals reflected by them are of low amplitude
Alhajj, Marie Antoinette. "Inversion conjointe de mesures non destructives pour l'évaluation des gradients de degré de saturation dans le béton d'enrobage des structures." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0017.
Full textNon-destructive assessment methods providing access to the measurement of electrical resistivity and dielectric permittivity are very sensitive to the degree of saturation of concrete. When inverted and calibrated independently, these measurements provide profiles of saturation degree gradients as a function of depth. In this thesis, we develop a joint inversion approach for resistivity and permittivity measurements to improve the reliability and accuracy of the estimated saturation degree profiles. We model the measurements on a concrete slab in 3D by the finite element method, the concrete being considered as a homogeneous medium with respect to aggregates but having a saturation profile with depth, represented by a continuous model taking the form of a Weibull distribution with four parameters. For the inversion of measurements to estimate the profile of S, we have developed a non-linear least-squares algorithm of the Levenberg-Marquardt type. Taking into account the uncertainties associated with each set of measurements is an integral part of the method developed in order to refine its reliability, which also makes it possible to propagate these uncertainties over the estimated parameters. Two experimental campaigns, one of drying, the other of imbibition, on concrete slabs, are organized to test the algorithm of joint inversion. Significant progress has been made with the estimation of profiles by the new joint inversion approach. These profiles, also compared to other independent methods, appear to be more stable and more consistent with the evolution due to the drying and the imbibition of concrete than those estimated by separate inversion of the observables
Nguyen, Anh Quan. "Evaluation non destructive du gradient de teneur en eau dans les structures en béton armé par résistivité électrique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30380/document.
Full textWe propose a new measurement procedure that allows drawing a resistivity curve as a function of the spacing between current electrode and potential electrode which is linked to the investigation depth and the water content gradient. The resistivity measurements above the rebars are performed and an inversion procedure to assess the resistivity gradient is carried out. For the experimental part two kinds of measurement are performed on concrete slabs (reinforced and unreinforced). Two gradient types are studied: drying and wetting. The presence of the reinforcement significantly decreases the measurement of the resistivity. The measurements show the interest of the proposed procedure for the study of the water content gradient. Two measurement results were considered in numerical analyses. The simulation shows that it is possible to assess the resistivity gradient and the electrochemical parameters of the rebar via the Butler-Volmer model
Sbartaï, Zoubir Mehdi. "Caractérisation physique des bétons par radar : approche neuromimétique de l'inversion." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30196.
Full textThe main objective of the non-destructive evaluation is to obtain information permitting the diagnosis of concrete structures or to quantify input data of durability prediction and/or recalculation models. Among the interesting information to be evaluated on site, water and chlorides content of concrete are a relevant pathological features. The on site quantification of these physical factors and the evaluation of theirs spatial variation are very important. The goal of this research work is related to the application of radar technology for the physical characterization of concrete, especially on the quantitative evaluation of water and chlorides content. The problem has been resolved using statistical approach based on artificial neural network model. Experimental data base was then implemented, which related physical characteristics of concrete and radar parameters. This data base has been leaded to develop neural network model of radar measurement able to predict, with satisfactory error, water and chlorides content of concrete made in laboratory
Billon, Astrid. "Méthode d'évaluation non-destructive de la qualité du collage des composites de renforcement pour le génie civil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1091/document.
Full textOver the last 30 years, repairing and strengthening techniques of concrete structures using externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have gained much popularity and are now widespread. The effectiveness of the strengthening systems highly depends on the level of adhesion between the composite material and the concrete surface. Therefore, on-site evaluation of the bond quality is crucial to assess the performance and predict the durability of the reinforcement system.It is proposed to determine the bond properties of the adhesive layer within the reinforcement system by using a nondestructive test (NDT) method derived from the standard and well-known pull-off test. This method consists in analyzing the linear load vs displacement behavior of the adhesive joint, in order to determine an assembly stiffness which can be related to the Young’s modulus of the adhesive layer.In order to investigate the feasibility of the test method, a laboratory implementation is carried out on a mechanical device fully designed for the purpose of the present study. Suitable displacement sensors and an appropriate measurement chain are chosen based on a finite element modeling and a mechanical analysis of the test. A partial analytical form of the assembly stiffness is also expressed.The test method is then applied to concrete slabs reinforced with CFRP plates using three different epoxy adhesives. A statistical assessment of all identified parameters of influence sheds light on the results. In the end, the performances of the test performed in laboratory conditions are discussed.Finally, foundations for a relevant test methodology on real field conditions are laid, and the above-mentioned performances are reviewed
Fajardo, San Miguel Gerardo del Jesus. "Technique d'extraction électrochimique des chlorures : contribution a la connaissance de son domaine d'efficacité." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30292.
Full textThe objective of this work is to define the parameters, capable of rehabilitating a corroded concrete structure by the Electrochemical Chloride Extraction technique (ECE), and more precisely to clarify the application conditions of this technique. For that, the ECE technique was applied to reinforced concrete specimens before being exposed to an artificial seawater under two conditions (splash and tidal zones). The influence of various parameters was studied (chloride contamination level, state of degradation of rebar, quality and cover depth of concrete). The results demonstrate that, the characteristics of the initial profile intervened only for larger cover depths, the reduction in the chloride content near to steel – concrete interface depends on the degradation of steel and the repassivation was not systematic. The ECE treatment applied to specimens presenting a high steel corrosion rate is not sufficient to guarantee a prolongation of their service life
Gomez-Cardenas, Carolina. "Outils d'aide à l'optimisation des campagnes d'essais non destructifs sur ouvrages en béton armé." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30177/document.
Full textNon-destructive testing methods (NDT) are essential for estimating concrete properties (mechanical or physical) and their spatial variability. They also constitute an useful tool to reduce the budget auscultation of a structure. The proposed approach is included in an ANR project (EvaDéOS) whose objective is to optimize the monitoring of civil engineering structures by implementing preventive maintenance to reduce diagnosis costs. In this thesis, the objective was to characterize at best a peculiar property of concrete (e.g. mechanical strength, porosity, degree of saturation, etc.), with technical ND sensitive to the same properties. For this aim, it is imperative to develop objective tools that allow to rationalize a test campaign on reinforced concrete structures. For this purpose, first, it is proposed an optimal spatial sampling tool to reduce the number of auscultation points. The most commonly used algorithm is the spatial simulated annealing (SSA). This procedure is regularly used in geostatistical applications, and in other areas, but yet almost unexploited for civil engineering structures. In the thesis work, an original optimizing spatial sampling method (OSSM) inspired in the SSA and based on the spatial correlation was developed and tested in the case of on-site auscultation with two complementary fitness functions: mean prediction error and the error on the estimation of the global variability. This method is divided into three parts. First, the spatial correlation of ND measurements is modeled by a variogram. Then, the relationship between the number of measurements organized in a regular grid and the objective function is determined using a spatial interpolation method called kriging. Finally, the OSSM algorithm is used to minimize the objective function by changing the positions of a smaller number of ND measurements and for obtaining at the end an optimal irregular grid. Destructive testing (DT) are needed to corroborate the information obtained by the ND measurements. Because of the cost and possible damage to the structure, an optimal sampling plan to collect a limited number of cores is important. For this aim, a procedure using data fusion based on the theory of possibilities and previously developed is used to estimate the properties of concrete from the ND. Through a readjustment bias requiring DTs performed on carrots, it is calibrated. Knowing that there is uncertainty about the results of DTs performed on carrots, it is proposed to take into account this uncertainty and propagate it through the calibration on the results of the fused data. By propagating this uncertainty, it is obtained mean fused values with a standard deviation. One can thus provide a methodology for positioning and minimizing the number of cores required to auscultate a structure by two methods: first, using the OSSM for the results of fused properties values in each measuring point and the second by the minimization of the average standard deviation over all of the fused points obtained after the propagation of DTs uncertainties. Finally, in order to propose an alternative to the possibility theory, neural networks are also tested as alternative methods for their relevance and usability
Albrand, Marius. "Etude d'une solution d'évaluation des constantes diélectriques du béton d'ouvrages à risque par une approche problème inverse en électromagnétisme." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30319/document.
Full textThat thesis aims to propose an assessment method of the concrete electromagnetic properties by using radar measurements in a context of building sustainability, by inverse problem. For that purpose Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements are used as well as a numerical model of the radar device. The first two chapters of the thesis present the key concepts, the context of the study, as well as the history of the research on that topic in particular in our laboratory. Chapter 2 also expands those early works on the search of electromagnetic properties of concrete in depth. That preliminary work helped us to develop a measurement device that is more fitted to our needs. Chapter 3 presents a measurement campaign that was carried out by using a new measurement device on specially made reinforced concrete slabs whose water content is monitored. In that chapter a 3D model of the device is also described. That model allows us to simulate the measurements very precisely. Those simulations are a critical link on the inverse process. Chapter 4 details the formulation of the inverse problem for the case of concrete slabs saturated with water, which can be therefore considered to have homogeneous electromagnetic properties. The problem is solved by using an optimization algorithm based on Levenberg-Marquardt method. The values obtained by the inverse process are physically acceptable and independent of the values given to the unknowns when initializing the algorithm. Those values are the minimum of the cost function that computes the distance between measured and simulated electromagnetic fields. We then studied some strategies to reduce the computing time of the inverse process. A first approach consists in the use of a 2D simplified model of our device to initialize the 3D inversion with values closer to the searched solution. Another idea is to better take advantage of all the resources of a multiprocessor computer by implementing a parallel version of the 3D code. In chapter 5 we focus on the concrete slab with water content being an affine function of depth. We define the new parameters that represent the unknowns of our problem and we adapt the previous algorithm. Then we show that the inverse process gives satisfying results with regard to the dielectric permittivity only. We suggest some ways to improve the method. Finally we conclude that our method allows to retrieve the permittivity of the concrete, but not its conductivity. Nevertheless that result represents a significant step for the measuring of water content in reinforced concrete in particular when a gradient is present, by using radar measurements
Thai, Khac Chien. "Etude de l'endommagement de l'interface acier-béton à l'aide de techniques non-destructives : Comportement sous sollicitations mécaniques, thermiques et physico-chimiques." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAR0012/document.
Full textReinforced concrete combines the good tensile strength of steel with the high compressive strength of concrete. However, this association is of real interest if there is a good adhesion at the interface of the two components (concrete and reinforcement). However, accidental or environmental attack may alter the adhesion and make it impossibleto transfer forces between the two components. The aim of this dissertation is to study the properties of the steel concrete interface and to characterize its damage due to mechanical, thermal, and the physicochemical attacks. The main demands included in this study concern the effect of high temperatures, the effect of carbonation, the effect of alternating freeze / thaw and the effect of corrosion. In this study, we used different non-destructive techniques for the material characterization and we have developed original devices for simultaneous measurements of the pull-out resistance and for evaluation of discontinuities. Among the influencing parameters of adhesion, we examined the effect of the nature of the steel bars (smooth bar or deformed bar), the effect of their diameter and of the embedment length. The results highlight the respective interventions of the physicochemical bonding, the mechanical friction and the effect of the concrete strength in thefailure mode of reinforced concrete specimens. The different phases of interface degradation have been identified
Dia, Abdou. "Monitoring des câbles de structures du génie civil par combinaison de techniques vibratoires et émission acoustique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0046.
Full textNon-destructive assessment methods providing access to the measurement of electrical resistivity and dielectric permittivity are very sensitive to the degree of saturation of concrete. When inverted and calibrated independently, these measurements provide profiles of saturation degree gradients as a function of depth. In this thesis, we develop a joint inversion approach for resistivity and permittivity measurements to improve the reliability and accuracy of the estimated saturation degree profiles. We model the measurements on a concrete slab in 3D by the finite element method, the concrete being considered as a homogeneous medium with respect to aggregates but having a saturation profile with depth, represented by a continuous model taking the form of a Weibull distribution with four parameters. For the inversion of measurements to estimate the profile of S, we have developed a non-linear least-squares algorithm of the Levenberg-Marquardt type. Taking into account the uncertainties associated with each set of measurements is an integral part of the method developed in order to refine its reliability, which also makes it possible to propagate these uncertainties over the estimated parameters. Two experimental campaigns, one of drying, the other of imbibition, on concrete slabs, are organized to test the algorithm of joint inversion. Significant progress has been made with the estimation of profiles by the new joint inversion approach. These profiles, also compared to other independent methods, appear to be more stable and more consistent with the evolution due to the drying and the imbibition of concrete than those estimated by separate inversion of the observables
Abbadi, Amal. "Développement des réseaux de capteurs sans fil noyés dans le béton pour la surveillance des ouvrages de génie civil." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10195/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to conduct research on the use of contactless technologies for structural health monitoring. The research involves scientific and technological developments to understand the functioning of wireless sensor networks in a heterogeneous environment composed of cement, aggregates, water and frames. First, our studies focus on reflection and transmission coefficients measurements of electromagnetic waves in the concrete. The realization of a communication between two Patch antennas embedded in concrete confirmed concrete moisture effect on radio waves attenuation. This analysis led to the identification of the dielectric properties of concrete at 860 MHz frequency. Later we studied the effect of various reinforced bar configurations (rebar placement, rebar radius, rebar period) on reflection and transmission coefficients. Then we studied and optimized a wireless sensor network topology to be embedded in concrete. The optimization takes into account the characteristics of sensor nodes, link budget between the communicating sensor node and the gateway and the lifespan of a node. Finally, the design and realization of a "reinforced concrete structure" of 3 m height enable to validate the different studies discussed during the thesis work. This reinforced concrete structure is an instrumented demonstrator of wireless sensor network enabling the knowledge of internal temperature, humidity and strain evolutions of a reinforced concrete in six critical areas of the structure
Sogbossi, Hognon Eric Arnaud. "Etude de l'évolution de la perméabilité du béton en fonction de son endommagement : transposition des résultats de laboratoire à la prédiction des débits de fuite sur site." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30210/document.
Full textThe building reactor of the nuclear power plants are designed to provide precise containment and sealing properties in normal use situations and in the event of a nuclear accident, to prevent the spread of radioelements in the environment. Since these enclosures are made of concrete, controlling the evaluation of the permeability of concrete and its evolutions under stress would make it possible to evaluate the leakage rates that may occur over time under certain conditions. Until today, there are several techniques for measuring permeability and these techniques lead to different results for the same concrete specimen. The first study we carried out was therefore to propose a standardization of the permeability measurement: this standardization resulted in the determination of a characteristic permeability of concrete and independent of the measurement technique. In parallel with this approach, we also proposed to evaluate the permeability of concrete using observables from Non-Destructive Testing such as permittivity and electrical resistivity. The results obtained show the possibility of estimating the permeability under concrete conditions on site. The second study carried out relates to the control of the permeability under constraints. In the laboratory, we investigated the permeability of concrete specimens of different sizes under various conditions of drying, thermal stress, mechanical and coupled damage. We could establish permeability-damage models according to each source of damage. The third study carried out relates to the transposition from laboratory results to the site, using nuclear power plants mock-up of larger dimensions and representative of the actual structure (VeRCoRs at scale 1/3). All the results of the first two studies have been used and have led to calculations of leak rates and Time to Reach Steady State (TRSS) consistent with the calculation assumptions
Achour, Raouf. "Valorisation et caractérisation de la durabilité d’un matériau routier et d’un béton à base de sédiments de dragage." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10115/document.
Full textThe valorization of non-submersible marine sediments of the GPMD as a new aggregate presents alternative solutions in the field of civil engineering for a better management. The work of this thesis focus on the valorization study of marine sediment in road engineering and the study of the durability of concrete blocks made with sediment. The first part of valorization non-submeresible sediments in road engineering is divided into three steps :The first step was devoted to the physical, mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of these materials, as well as their chemical composition and environmental effects. The second step presents an experimental methodology for the development of a road foundation. The last step describes the construction of an experimental road and analyses the mechanical properties of cores drilled from the road and the results of deflection tests. An environmental assessment, based on leaching tests, was also performed.The second part of the thesis focuses on a durability study of two concrete blocks with two different percentages of sediment. This part is divided into three steps:In the first step, mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics of two types of concrete containing12,5% and 20% of dredged marine sediments are presented and discussed. In the second step, we have examined the durability of these types of concrete with regards to alkali-aggregate reaction, sulphate attack and freezing and thawing cycles. The results of this study will serve in order to better understand the impact of the incorporation of sediments into the concrete and the effect on the mechanical resistance and the degradation mechanisms
Boukari, Younes. "Contribution à la caractérisation des bétons endommagés par la réaction alcali-silice : apports combinés de méthodes physico-chimiques et acoustiques non linéaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10098/document.
Full textMonitoring tools currently used to characterize multi-scale degradation of concrete by alkali-silica reaction (ASR) show some obvious limitations to an accurate diagnosis. Macroscopic scale tools usually show a low sensitivity to progressive microcracking in concrete. From microscopic and mesoscopic points of view, the systematic use of microscopy limits the representativeness and quantification of observations made. This thesis evaluates the contribution of physicochemical parameters (deterioration of the reactive silica) and non-destructive testing (characterization of nonlinear elastic behaviour of concrete) for detecting and quantifying deterioration caused by ASR in concrete. A laboratory study on concrete containing Spratt limestone as coarse aggregate was performed to compare the physicochemical and nonlinear parameters to more commonly used ones for ASR damage assessment (swelling of concrete, petrographic examination, compressive strength, tensile strength, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity). Physicochemical analysis allowed to measure early impairment of reactive silica, quantified by an increasing quantity of silanols and an increase of its apparent volume. The microcracking caused by the granular skeleton swelling could be monitored by the frequency shift linear parameter with a ten times higher sensitivity than linear parameters. Tests were also performed on concrete samples extracted from a lock affected by ASR (with reactive aggregate similar to Spratt limestone) and allowed to confirm the interest of the proposed parameters on a real case study
Mai, Tien chinh. "Evaluation non destructive des matériaux de construction par technique électromagnétique aux fréquences radar : modélisation et expérimentation en laboratoire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0384/document.
Full textThe reinforced concrete or the timber structures are degraded under mechanical and climatic actions. Physical and mechanical properties of these materials are linked to outdoor exposure conditions and their variations. The early non-destructive evaluation of these properties before the initiation of degradations is a need for masters of structures in order to predict the service life of the structures in a context of sustainable management of the built heritage. The presence of water in the pores of the concrete is a factor which facilitates the penetration of aggressive agents (carbon dioxide, chlorides, etc. responsible of the initiation of pathologies such as steel corrosion). In the case of wood material, the most common causes of damage are often of biological origin (fungi and insects). Moisture is also recognized as one of the most important conditions for the development of these attacks. It is therefore necessary to evaluate and quantify the spatial variation of the humidity in the building materials to limit repair actions. The GPR system (Ground Penetrating Radar) is an auscultation tool of materials which is completely non-destructive, fast, compact, and contactless. This technique is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. This propagation is strongly linked to the permittivity and the conductivity of the material that are highly sensitive to changes in humidity. The objective of this thesis is twofold: first, modelling the effect of moisture variation in a homogeneous material, multi-layers or with gradient, and secondly, to experimentally quantify the effect of a moisture gradient on the concrete and the effect of the anisotropy (case of wood material). An analytical model has been developed based on the concept of mixing laws (Fitted on experimental measurements of the permittivity by taking into account the effect of the frequency dispersion) and the propagation of a plane wave. A numerical simulation was used to assess the effects of a gradient and the effect of an anisotropic medium on the propagation velocity of the radar waves. The experimental phase was performed on a homogeneous and isotropic model material such as sand to compare different measurement methods of the velocity of the direct wave. A frequency analysis of the attenuation was also examined to evaluate the dispersion of the attenuation in a considered homogeneous medium. The second part of the experiment was to monitor, by radar measurements, the drying of a concrete slab instrumented by humidity sensors. Finally, an experimental campaign on samples of two species of wood (Pine and Spruce) with different moisture content between 0 and 50% was conducted. The modelling and simulations phase has shown that the frequency dispersion is significant only in the case of wet concrete with a high salinity content. The anisotropy and the gradient have a significant effect on the spread. The experimental phase showed that in the case of a homogeneous material, the speed is independent of the offset (distance between transmitter and receiver), and it varies in the case of concrete with a moisture gradient. Finally, tests on the timber indicate that the real part of its permittivity increases as a function of moisture. The contrast between longitudinal and transverse direction (tangential or radial) is negligible in the dry state of the material and begins to be very significant from the fiber saturation point. It indicates that the longitudinal direction, instead of the transverse direction, is more convenient to measure the moisture of wood structures
Safinowski, Pawel. "Diagnostic ultrasonore de la dégradation mécanique et structurale du béton." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664281.
Full textLe, Viet Dung. "Modélisation et identification du comportement plastique visco-élastique endommageable d'un matériau agrégataire." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4044.
Full textThis research is achieved in the general frame work of the study of the thermomechanical behaviour of a quasi-compact aggregate. It has for objective the development of a new behaviour model satisfying to the particular requirements for an industrial exploitation. The model is isotropic and includes only a limited number of parameters. The experimental response shows a behaviour material comparable to concrete, to know the following characteristics : viscoelastic, damageable and sensitive to the hydrostatic pressure. For such materials, existing models were generally developped within the framework of the dynamic and static behaviour. They are not appropriate to simulate completely the material behaviour researched. Consequently, a specific model and an experimental protocol are presented. The model is derived from the tensile tests, the compressive tests and the triaxial compresssion tests under hydrostatic containment. The plastic limit is described by the means of a parabolic criterion with isotropic hardening. The flow rule is non-associated ; an isotropic damage achieves the model. Then, the developed model is implanted in the code of calculation standard abaqus by means of a numeric integration dealed with the shape of a procedure in Fortram. An extension in temperature comes to complete the modelling of the material behaviour. The dependance in temperature of the model parameters is taken into account in the Fortram subroutine. The validation of the model is done on the basis of several homogeneous tests as well as tests on structures by comparisons data/simulation
Jin, Yudan. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation numérique de la fissuration par retrait de dessiccation des matériaux cimentaires : influences de la rigidité et de la taille des inclusions." Thesis, Lille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUI019.
Full textDrying shrinkage induced cracking is an essential mechanism to be considered in the durability study of cement-based materials and structures. The present thesis is devoted to experimental investigation and numerical modeling of this mechanism by putting the emphasis on the influences of inclusion stiffness and size. The thesis is composed of two parts.The first part is devoted to experimental study. A series of concrete samples are first casted with artificial inclusions of different rigidities. These samples are subjected to different levels of drying in order to evaluate cracks induced by the drying shrinkage. The dried samples are then examined by using the non-destructive X-ray micro-tomography imaging method. Three-dimensional (3D) distributions of induced cracks in the dried samples are identified, including their location and shape. The influence of inclusion rigidity on the shrinkage induced cracking process is clearly demonstrated. It is found that the shrinkage-induced cracking is strongly enhanced by the stiffness difference between the inclusion and cement paste. Secondly, samples casted with glass balls of different sizes are considered. By using a similar experimental procedure, the influences of inclusion size on the drying shrinkage induced cracking process are investigated.In the second part, a numerical method based on the peridynamics theory is proposed. The formulation and implementation of the numerical method are first presented and discussed. Its efficiency in modelling the initiation and propagation of multiple cracks in heterogeneous materials is then demonstrated. The proposed method is further applied to the description of cracking process induced by drying shrinkage and temperature change in concrete composites containing different types of inclusions. The emphasis is put on the effects of inclusion stiffness and size on cracking patterns. A series of numerical simulations are performed. Comparisons between numerical results and experimental observations are presented
Dragan, Razvan Gabriel. "Etudes sur le diagnostic des systèmes par thermographie infrarouge." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0207/document.
Full textThe thesis “Research concerning the systems analyze by infrared thermography” proposestheoretical and experimental researches în the very complex domain of non destructiveinspection methods, especially the infrared thermography – CO2 laser excitation, halogen lamps,electric heat sources, microwaves and electromagnetic induction. The thermographic analyzewas applied on materials used în constructions and biomedical engineering, the goal being theinternal and external defect detection, micro cracks, the detection of the embed metallic materialsand also the analysis of their thermal influence in the heat transfer process. The thesis isstructured in six chapters and, among them: three are concerned on introduction, thesisobjectives, conclusions, original contribution and thesis valorization (published papers andresearch grants)/future research directions. The next three develop, consistently, the thesissubject, beginning with critical analyze of the specialized literature that is followed bytheoretical study, and the experimental study of systems by infrared thermography. The PhDthesis contains 181 figures and 12 tables în which are illustrated and highlighted results andinformation with a high scientific degree. During the research program, the author elaborated andpublished 10 papers in the proceedings of different scientific events in Romania and abroad, insix of them being the first author
Alwash, Maitham Fadhil Abbas. "Assessment of concrete strength in existing structures using nondestructive tests and cores : analysis of current methodology and recommendations for more reliable assessment." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0587/document.
Full textTo assess concrete strength in an existing structure, the current methodology combines nondestructive measurements (NDT) like rebound hammer or/and pulse velocity with destructive technique (cores) in order to implement a relationship ‘‘conversion model” between the compressive strength and NDT measurements. The conversion model is used to estimate the local strength value at each test location using the corresponding NDT value.Then the estimated mean strength and/or estimated strength standard deviation (concrete strength variability) values are calculated. However, the reliability of these estimated values isalways a questionable issue because of the uncertainties associated with the strength assessment based upon NDT measurements. To improve the reliability, the uncertainties must be reduced by specifying and controlling their influencing factors. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the current assessment methodology in order to provide practical recommendations that can improve the reliability of assessing the in-situ strength in existing concrete structures by nondestructive tests and cores.To this end, a simulator was built in order to analyze the effects of the most influencing factors using a large campaign of datasets from different sources (in-situ or laboratory studies,and generated synthetic data).The first contribution of this work is the development of a new model identification approach“bi-objective” that can efficiently capture the strength variability in addition to the mean strength. After studying the effect of the way of selection the core locations, a method was proposed to select these locations depending on the NDT measurements “conditional selection” that improves the quality of assessment without additional cost. A third innovation was the development of a procedure to identify the relation between the number of cores and the accuracy of the estimation. Finally recommendations were derived in order to providemore reliable estimated values
Bento, Christophe. "Détermination de la réduction d’épaisseur d’une tôle en acier enrobée - Étude de faisabilité d’une méthode de mesure physique électromagnétique." Master's thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/48568.
Full textCe document constitue le rapport de mon projet de fin d'études à l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Physique de Grenoble dans la filière Instrumentation Physique. Il expose mon étude de faisabilité d’une méthode de mesure physique électromagnétique en vue de la détermination de la réduction d’épaisseur d’une tôle en acier enrobée. Cette tôle en acier est constitutive d'une conduite d'eau, puisée en mer ou en rivière, et sous pression alimentant un circuit de refroidissement de centrale nucléaire EDF. Le circuit est classé Important Pour la Sûreté et doit donc être étanche et résistant. L'acier de ces conduites (tôle cylindrique étanche et armature) est soumis à la corrosion. EDF souhaite, dans le cadre du maintient en conditions opérationnelles du circuit, disposer d'un outil permettant de déceler la réduction de l'épaisseur de la tôle cylindrique. Mon projet de fin d'études a eu pour but de déterminer la faisabilité d'une telle mesure au moyen d'une méthode de Contrôle Non Destructif électromagnétique. Dans une première partie, vous trouverez dans ce document une présentation du Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique ainsi que des unités allant jusqu'au Laboratoire de Contrôle par Méthodes Electromagnétiques au sein duquel s’est déroulé mon projet de fin d’études. Il présente également l'EDF et particulièrement sa R&D à laquelle est rattaché Gauthier VERCOUTERE, le responsable de ce stage. La deuxième expose la problématique du projet entrepris ainsi que son enjeu, la description des conduites BONNA et les axes de l'étude. Le fruit d'une recherche bibliographique est présenté dans une troisième partie. La quatrième partie rappelle le principe des courants de Foucault appliqués au Contrôle Non Destructif. Les deux chapitres qui succèdent présentent, le logiciel utilisé pour la simulation (CIVACF/ Messine) et les résultats des essais expérimentaux réalisés. Les annexes apportent des compléments d'information au sujet du projet de fin d'études, de la société BONNA SABLA, des caractéristiques dimensionnelles des conduites, du moyen d'essai utilisé lors des essais et une biographie de Jean Bernard Léon Foucault. Une première série d'essais SANS ARMATURE a été menée apportant des résultats concluants. La corrélation entre la simulation et les essais est très bonne. La prise en compte de l'armature du béton modifie les valeurs de mesure, ce qui était pressenti. Une connaissance de sa position est nécessaire afin d'interpréter correctement les mesures. Les informations épaisseur de tôle et entrefer peuvent être séparées des signaux de mesure. Le niveau des signaux renseignant sur l'épaisseur de la tôle est cependant 29 dB plus faible que celui concernant l'entrefer. La discrimination entre une tôle de 0,5 mm d'épaisseur et une autre de 2 mm, est possible. Ce projet de fin d'études a permis de vérifier la faisabilité de la détermination de la réduction d’épaisseur d’une tôle en acier enrobée au moyen d’une méthode de mesure physique électromagnétique.
Hévin, Grégoire. "Utilisation des ondes de surface pour l'auscultation des structures en génie civil : application à la caractérisation des fissures de surface." Phd thesis, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709828.
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