Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Betongkonstruktion'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Betongkonstruktion.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lundgren, Pär. "Icke-linjära modelleringsteknikerav förspänd betongkonstruktion : Reaktorinneslutningen på Forsmark 3." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad mekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-174125.
Full textEvaldsson, Filip. "Energieffektiv uttorkning av betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-139476.
Full textVid platsgjutning av tjocka betongkonstruktioner är dess förmåga att torka ur essentiell. Tidplaner hos byggnadsentreprenörer måste till stor del anpassas efter denna. Anledningen är att de flesta material som appliceras på betongen inte är fukttåliga vilket rimmar dåligt med ett material som till stor del består av vatten. En minskad mängd vatten – och en ökad mängd cement ger upphov till en snabbare hydrationsutveckling vilket innebär att en stor del av betongens vatten binds till cementpartiklarna och således minskas den relativa fuktigheten i betongen drastiskt efter gjutningen. Ett annat alternativ vid användandet av betong med en mer balanserad kvot av vatten och cement (över 0,45) är att styra det klimat som betongen torkas i. Detta kan göras med hjälp av exempelvis värmefläktar som sänker den relativa fuktigheten i den omgivande luften samtidigt som den också värms vilket stimulerar fukttransporten i betongen. I detta examensarbete har de två alternativen som presenterats ovan jämförts. Jämförelsen beaktade metodernas effektivitet, kostnad och miljöpåverkan för ett typfall i Umeå där en tjock betongkonstruktion skulle gjutas. Resultatet var övervägande så att självuttorkande betong är lämpligast att använda ur samtliga betraktade synvinklar. Användandet av dieselvärmare visade sig vara det sämsta alternativet då dess miljöpåverkan och kostnad var överlägset störst.
Andersson, Emelie. "Jämförande studie avseende svenska byggregler och den europeiska standarden eurokoder : Inriktning husbyggnad och betongkonstruktion." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7309.
Full textAlexandersson, Anders, and Sven Gynne. "Ekonomisk utvärdering av betonggjutformar." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Civil Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1029.
Full textThis report will try to evaluate the use of rented concrete casting moulds, which are used to build walls and system of joists. The evaluation is only examining the economical aspects.
The cost of using concrete casting moulds is a big part of the total production expenses. Therefore it is important that the calculated price not exceeds the final costs of the casting moulds. The calculated price is the price used in the process of making an offer.
The evaluation consists of a comparison of the calculated price and the final costs for three building projects. It also evaluates the exploitation of the concrete casting moulds for each project.
The report is made by Sven Gynne and Anders Alexandersson at School of Engineering, Jonkoping University, in cooperation with PEAB Jonkoping. The evaluation is strictly based on the calculated price and final cost of rented concrete casting moulds, only the moulds themselves, not the labour costs.
Educational visits have been made to the three projects gathering facts. The conclusions we have drawn are that the difference between the calculated price and the final costs are considerable, especially one project have a greater difference than the others. The reasons for that are among other things tight building ground and a complicated building construction.
Udroiu, Cristina. "Lean Construction applicerat på betongkonstruktion : The Last Planner och visuell metodik för reducering av produktionstidsvariationer." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34880.
Full textThe background to this thesis is the construction companies’ challenges to engage in construction projects where new and unique objects are to be constructed, with many new conditions and quite often even with a new composition of the workforce. A common need for these construction projects is the need to effectively manage a variety of new and different variations. Oden anläggningsentreprenad AB presented a problem regarding unwanted variations in production times in the construction of concrete monoliths, which include highly repetitive tasks. The purpose of the thesis was to answer the following questions: Which are the factors that affect fluctuations in production time during the construction of concrete monoliths? Which are the solutions to reducing the factors that negatively affect production time? How should the new solutions be implemented? A study has been made of theories in lean production, lean construction, organizational change and concrete structures. The empirical data has been gathered by participating in the daily production, and by maintaining a field diary of daily problems that the production staff brought to the authors attention. Another part of the empirical data has been gathered from a workshop where the production staff identified processes and activities and placed them in their most optimal order. A mapping of responsibilities for the activities was also made at this workshop. The problems from the field diary have been categorized and the four largest categories were planning, communication, material handling and logistics, and responsibilities. After an analysis of the problems, and with the support of lean construction theory, some solutions have been proposed which is to introduce new routines before the start of production in new projects and to use the planning method called The Last Planner supplemented by visual aids. With the purpose of implementing the new solutions a proposal is provided with aspects on change agents and management of resistance to changes. The conclusions of this thesis are that the empirical evidence has identified the factors that create unwanted variations in production times. The solutions that are proposed are based on the empirical evidence and the support of lean construction theories. Therefore it provides the opportunities needed to reduce the variations in production times for concrete monoliths.
Landin, Johan. "Renovering av betongkonstruktioner i vattenverk." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20312.
Full textAround 1970 many water treatment plants were built and renovated in Sweden. Thesewas calculated to have a service life of between 50-60 years, which in most cases nowhave passed.The aim is to investigate which renovation methods exist and compile and evaluate these.The goal is to present which guidelines should be followed when renovating concretestructures in water treatment plants.The work gives answers to what damage is common in water treatment plants and whatthey depend on, which renovation methods are best suited, which materials can be usedand which requirements are set on the result.Problems in water treatment plants are mainly cracks, leaching, mechanical erosion,corrosion damage, chemical attack, biodegradation and frost damage. These damages arepreferably renovated by removing the damaged concrete and replacing it with new, basedon the exposure class that applies to the object in question.The conclusion is that today there is no general and exact renovation method for concretestructures in water treatment plants. Many different factors are involved.However, it would fill a gap of knowledge and facilitate future renovations if the watertreatment plants made a joint compilation of their experiences and lessons learned. It isalso a great value to educate the personnel.
Arnsten, Emma, and Ellen Öhman. "Användbarheten av Tekla i Betongkonstruktioner : En jämförelsestudie mellan två modelleringsprogram." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-257560.
Full textDetta examensarbete har granskat modelleringsprogrammet Tekla Structures och besvarat frågan om huruvida det kan fungera som ett lämpligt modelleringsprogram för konstruktionsavdelningen på Bjerking AB i Uppsala. Metoden som har använts i arbetet är en fallstudie av ett tidigare genomfört projekt med befintliga underlag att utgå ifrån. Avgränsningen i studien har varit att endast undersöka användbarheten i grundkonstruktioner av platsgjuten betong. Arbetet undersökte tre huvudområden inom projekteringsprocessen. Det första var att modellera betongelement sedan att modellera armering och till sist framtagning av ritningar. Eftersom Autodesk Revit var det befintliga modelleringsprogrammet på avdelningen genomfördes utvärderingen som en jämförelse mellan de två olika programmen. Förutsättningen var att alla tre hvududelarna skulle göras i ett och samma program. Resultatet visade att Tekla Structures har stor potential inom området betongmodellering, och det är ett lämlpligt modelleringsprogram att använda för projekt som innefattar grundkonstruktioner i platsgjuten betong. Studien har även visat programmets fördelar med att 3D-modellera armeringen inom dessa typer av projekt.
Bäckman, Lisa, and Elin Englundh. "Bedömning av tekniska möjligheter och begränsningar med termografering vid inspektion av betongkonstruktioner : En studie med tillämpning på nedströmssidan av betongdammars frontplatta." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415720.
Full textSyftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur väl skador på betongkonstruktioner kan upptäckas med hjälp av termografering, med tillämpning på nedsströmsidan av betongdammars frontplatta. Examensarbetet har utförts i samarbete med Vattenfall AB, som uttryckt en önskan om att undersöka alternativa metoder vid inspektion av vattenkraftsdammar. De metoder som används i arbetet är inspektion i fält, undersökning i laboratorium samt simulering av en dammkonstruktion i Therm 7.7. Inspektion i fält samt undersökning i laboratorium genomfördes för att jämföra verkliga förhållanden med de förhållanden som krävs för att termografering ska kunna utföras på önskvärt sätt. Simulering användes som ett verktyg för att se om kondens på konstruktionens yta uppstår, för att på så sätt avgöra huruvida termografering är lämpligt eller inte. Resultatet av detta examensarbete visar att det fanns svårigheter med att lokalisera sprickor i fält, då det inte fanns tillräckligt stora temperaturskillnader på konstruktionens yta. Undersökningen i laboratorium visar att sprickor går att identifiera när fuktpåslaget är koncentrerat till sprickbildningen, den omkringliggande ytan är torrare än sprickan och temperaturskillnaderna på provets yta är större än cirka 1 °C.
Karlsson, Margarita. "Jämförelse mellan halvlätt trä och tung betongkonstruktion i projektet Anläggaren 3 : Koldioxidutsläpp, kostnad och inverkan av geografisk position på energiåtgång." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78901.
Full textHuset Anläggaren 3 undersöktes utifrån energiåtgången, koldioxidutsläppen ochinvesteringskostnaden genom att ställa upp projektet som två konstruktionstyper. Den första varianten var halvlätt konstruktion där ytterväggarna, mellanbjälklagen och taket varav trä medan i den andra varianten var en tung konstruktion där tidigare nämnda delarbestod av betong.Metodiken var att se över energibehoven genom flera uträkningar med programmet IDAICE. Klimatpåverkan undersöktes med statistik från SMHI och flera energisimuleringar med IDA ICE. Investeringskostnaden togs fram med programmet Bidcon. Mer detaljerade dataför de två konstruktionernas byggnadsdelar användes i energiberäkningsprogrammet. Den halvlätta träkonstruktionen för Anläggaren 3 krävde mindre mängd material än betongkonstruktionen för att uppnå nästintill likadana U-värden. De två konstruktionsalternativen påverkades knappt av geografiska lägesskillnader ochklimatändringar men energikonsumtionen hade en jämnare profil för de sydliga städernaän de nordliga. En investering i den halvlätta träkonstruktionen är att föredra i Skellefteå då det är billigare, tar mindre tid och släpper ut mindre koldioxid än den tungabetongkonstruktionen. Betong är i sitt ursprungliga skick bättre ur mögel och brandsäkerhetssynpunkt, tål ofta mer påfrestning och kan formas i vissa lägen lättare änträ.
Bohlin, Pelle, and Olle Lindroth. "Moderna trä- och betongstommar i flerbostadshus : En teknisk jämförelse av ett fyravåningshus med två stomalternativ." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102025.
Full textThe goal with thisdegree project was to highlight the differences between an apartment building with a timber frame and partly prefabricated concrete frame from a technical point of view to determine which alternative that is preferable. Highlighted factors were: Thicknesses of load-bearing parts The maximum length of floor structures Assembly of installations Assembly of the frame-parts Sound-insulating ability Moisture problems Dimension of fire-protection Project-complexity Construction documents from an existing apartment building with a timber frame were obtained and analyzed, and a concrete frame house with similar abilities was projected. The half-prefabricated concrete construction was designed with current eurocodes and details were designed according to laws, regulations and recognized industry standards. From the technical perspective that has been discussed in this report, the advantages with concrete frames are greater than the timber alternative, despite the fact that they in some aspects are very similar. The concrete option provides significant benefits in terms of fire and sound abilities and it is also easier to design, while the timber option has its advantages in assembly and foundation. Choosing a frame of timber to an apartment building also seems to have advantages in the environmental and work environmental aspects. To fulfill the sound, fire and moisture requirements which are needed in a timber house it requires advanced building system that involves complexity of the design which requires close cooperation between the constructional engineer and the manufacturer.
Dagdony, Masara, and Toba Rashid. "Kolfiberförstärkning av betongkonstruktioner med avseende på böjningoch tvärkraft : En hypotetiskt plattrambro modellerad i Brigade Standard och en T-balk." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215098.
Full textThe society changes constantly, but this does not only affect the inhabitants of the society, but also that new demands are made on the construction used by the people. Many constructions may therefore require reinforcement after a certain amount of time. The need for reinforcement may be due many different reasons for example to altered use, corrosion to internal reinforcement or may be due to design errors, accidents or new standards. It is more beneficial to reinforce the structure than to tear it down and replace it to meet current requirements. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP, as a method to strengthen concrete structures. The report presents calculations that were made to investigate the increase in bending and shear capacity after a performed reinforcement. Alongside the calculations, existing templates for this method were checked and developed. In order to achieve the purpose, two hypothetical concrete structures were investigated. One design is a frame bridge modeled in the FEM program Brigade Standard. Calculations on the frame bridge were made with respect to bending. The other construction that was investigated is a T-beam. On the Tbeam, shear capacity was examined before and after reinforced carbon fiber reinforcement. The result present the amount of carbon fiber required to achieve the desired capacity of the structures. The result also describes the capacity achieved after carbon fiber reinforcement.
Barbaranelli, Andreas, and Pär Bengtsson. "KOLFIBERFÖRSTÄRKNING – En jämförelse mellan kolfiberförstärkning och traditionella förstärkningsmetoder." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-58313.
Full textA building part could need a reinforcement. It could be a system of joists that are soon going to be loaded with heavier loads when business is changing from residence to an office. The alternate solution to reinforce that kind of construction would be with steel beams and columns or increase the height of the floor with more concrete. What few constructors and contractors know are the solution with carbon fiber reinforcement could be a better alternative. The purpose of the thesis is to study if carbon fiber reinforcement could compete with traditional reinforcement methods. From a calculating and a work-related perspective the project will underline the pro and cons with all of the reinforcement methods. To demonstrate how carbon fiber increase the bending moment capacity have lab and calculation of a real bridge project been executed. In both cases have a carbon fiber solution been compared with traditional reinforcement methods. The result of the thesis shows that carbon fiber reinforcement could replace traditional methods in many cases. The pros with the carbon fiber reinforcement is the light weight and high tensile strength that makes it possible, on an efficient way, increase the bending moment capacity in a building part. The thesis lab result shows that a carbon fiber reinforcement does have the same percentage increase in strength as a flat steel reinforcement.
Marcus, Micheal, and Kuang Zhao. "En studie av höghusbyggande med avseende på stomsystem och lastpåverkan." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149557.
Full textWe have in this thesis decided to examine the possibilities and the possible hazards of high-rise buildings in Stockholm. We compared the different structural systems to determine how the systems handle the vertical and transversal loads and which system is to recommend to a certain height. The vertical and transversal loads are the main factors that make high-rise buildings harder to dimension than normal buildings. The higher the building is the more vertical and transversal loads that needs to be accounted in the dimensioning of the structural systems. This needs to be done accurately to secure the safety of the building. The sway and stability problems that occurs from the transversal loads need to be taking into account when designing the structural system. By reading literature and conducting interviews about the subject we can come to the conclusion that the reason why Sweden is behind with recent high-rise development is because of political reasons rather than lack of knowledge. We in Sweden have the experience to successfully build high-rise buildings up to 100-150m.
Jin, Jacky, and Artur Matskin. "Hållbara ytbeläggningar i parkeringshus : En undersökning av olika beläggningssystem efter 5 till 10 års drift." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255275.
Full textParking facilities are constantly exposed to traffic loads from driving vehicles and chloride attacks during the winter period. The consequence of this is costly damage to the concrete structure, especially in the event of cracks. Chloride penetration causes the reinforcement bars to corrode and weaken the underlying concrete structure. Replacement of the corroded reinforcement bars and concrete repairs are costly for Stockholm Parking. The solution is to pretreat the unprotected concrete and apply a coating above it. The most common coatings found in Sweden are cement-based, bitumen-based and thermoset-based coatings. There is no clear choice when it comes to coatings since they all have different properties. The advantages and disadvantages of different coatings that the customer must value depend on such conditions of the parking garage as the shaping, the traffic load and whether it is the base plate or the intermediate floor. Besides the material, the execution is also important. A well done pretreatment of the concrete substrate and meticulous laying of the coating reduces the possibility of the occurrence of damage in the future and thereby the repair costs. The purpose of the thesis project was investigation of various coatings systems that have been in operation for 5 to 10 years and identification and mapping damages that occur to them. In this report, five parking facilities have been selected as case studies to investigate the most common coatings used today in Stockholm Parkering parking facilities. Based on literature studies, interviews with various parties in each project, observations made on study visits and comparison between case studies conclusions were drawn about the most sustainable surface coating systems. Finally, a guidance is created to simplify the choice of coating systems for parking facilities with different conditions.
Azad, Ali Bawan, and Sara Ahmadiyan. "Livslängdsdimensionering av korrosionsutsatta betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255606.
Full textGenom historien har man främst använt sig av järn som armering i betong. Samtidens byggteknik hade inte varit möjlig utan armerad betong, dock behöver man vara uppmärksam på armeringskorrosion framför allt på grund av klorider och karbonatisering. När kloriderna kommer i kontakt med armeringsjärnen påbörjas en kemisk reaktion som leder till att järnen oxiderar och börjar korrodera. I fuktig miljö när armeringen korroderar, expanderar järnen och spränger betongen inifrån vilket i sin tur resulterar i att sprickor uppstår i betongkonstruktionen. I syrefattiga miljöer uppstår det oftast svartrost som är den typ av skada som uppstår inuti en betongkonstruktion. Denna typ av skada upptäcks inte okulärt och blir därför en allvarligare typ av skada. Svartrost är även den typ av skada som kan förorsaka försämrad bärighet i konstruktionen eftersom tvärsnittsarean hos armeringen i betongen minskar. Sweco har varit inblandade i ett par projekt där det har förekommit enorma problem på grund av armeringskorrosion. Skadorna som har uppstått på grund av armeringskorrosion har lett till att reparationerna av dessa skador har varit kostsamma. Denna rapport är baserad på tidigare projekt, artiklar, litteraturstudier, rapporter samt intervjuer. Intervjuer har genomförts med kompetenta personer som har delat med sig av sina värdefulla åsikter, kunskaper och erfarenheter för att få en bättre uppfattning av konsekvenserna som uppstår på grund av armeringskorrosion. För att stoppa pågående armeringskorrosion och även reparera skadorna, har reparationsåtgärder i denna rapport tagits fram. Några utav de mest relevanta förslag på åtgärder i denna rapport är att ta bort den skadade betongen för att sedan gjuta på nytt, alternativt gjuta in katodiskt skydd eller en kombination av dessa.
Gullner, Kristian. "Modulbaserat beräkningsramverk för betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-66879.
Full textWetterblad, Elina. "Bärande betongkonstruktioner i miljonprogrammets flerbostadshus." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36925.
Full textNilsson, Henrik, and Simon Larsson. "Robusthet hos miljonprogrammets prefabricerade betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20219.
Full textThe avoidance of joints in critical locations and how to design a structure to prevent progressive collapse is often two major problems associated with the use of precast concrete structures. This is due to the lack of natural connections between the elements which is generated automatically when using structures cast in situ. A building which has a good ability to withstand a progressive collapse can be referred to as “robust”.The purpose of this study is to investigate the robustness of a building from the million program era in regards to its initial structural design. If the ability to withstand a progressive collapse is proven to be insufficient, actions based on current standards will be proposed.Questions intended to be answered by this study are: How is the examined building designed in regards to robustness? Can the building by current standards be referred to as robust? Which actions can be taken to achieve sufficient robustness?To answer these questions a survey of literature, relevant for the subject, has been conducted as well as discussions with professionals with expertise in the subject. Blueprints of a building from the million program era has also been collected and analyzed.Analysis of the blueprints show that the building was built with some regards to robustness. Horizontal ties were placed in joints to connect the floor elements and the floor elements with the wall elements. Between exterior wall elements vertical ties were also placed to handle vertical loads. However, vertical ties, that connect the inner walls to the floor elements, are none existent.Further analysis of these joints show that their capacity does not meet the requirement for them to be able to transfer the desired forces. Therefore actions have to be taken to meet current standards.The actions proposed in this study is based on placing flat steel connections and L-steel connections in the joints to increase the capacity and enable the required force transfers. The steel connections are anchored to the concrete with expansion anchors.The study leads to the following conclusions: The building is in some ways designed to withstand a progressive collapse. The wall elements are connected with horizontal and vertical ties to nearby elements. The floor elements are also connected with horizontal ties. The initial building design does not meet the requirements of the current standards in regards to robustness. To meet the current standards the joints have to be reinforced. These reinforcements are done by placing flat steel connections and L-steel connections in the joints. These actions only fulfill the requirements of the concrete structures standard.
Åhs, Magnus. "Moisture redistribution in screeded concrete slabs /." Lund : Lund Institute of Technology, Division of Building Materials, 2006. http://www.byggnadsmaterial.lth.se/pdf/TVBM-3136.pdf.
Full textBlanksvärd, Thomas. "Strengthening of concrete structures by the use of mineral based composites /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/15/.
Full textStrömgren, Anders, and Evelina Widén. "Radon i betongkonstruktioner : - Kan det undvikas?" Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102405.
Full textSödergren, Markus. "Jämförelse mellan olika kopplingstyper för betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25155.
Full textAbstract This Study has been done hand in hand with SCF Betongelement AB, with anidea to evaluate the total cost of three different coupling types, which are usedbetween prefabricated concrete beam and column.A total cost for the three different types of couplings has been produced byexamining: additional reinforcement for each solution, reinforcement profit in columns because of reduced bending momentthanks to reduced eccentricity of load point, labor cost in factory and purchase costs of fastening productsThe total cost has been compared to the cost for the other couplings.The connection types which have been studied are two solutions with hiddencorbels, the PCs console from Peikko and the Invisible Connections BSF fromSB Produksjon AS, as well as the traditional concrete corbel.The three different connection types have been compared by calculating on abuilding located in Östersund. Different dimensions and lengths of columnswith different load cases have been calculated. Designing the columns and thetraditional corbel have been performed by using calculation programs fromStrusoft AB. Estimates of the additional reinforcement around the hiddencorbel products from Peikko and SB Produksjon AS has been done accordingto technical manuals for each product.The results of this study show that the use of the hidden connection types doesnot give any reduced cost considering reinforcement and labor cost. The mainpurpose of using these solutions is for the aesthetic design as well as the corbelis hidden and would not take any unnecessary space in the building.
Linus, Linn, and Kankanamalage Ayshani Wadurawa. "Rostfri armering : Vägen till lönsamma betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234692.
Full textReichert, Daniel, and Mikael Boström. "Betongkonstruktioner i vattenverk : Vägledning vid projektering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325044.
Full textSjölund, Maria. "Kvalitetsarbete i samband med byggande av betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36946.
Full textKarli, Oghana, LUNDSTRÖM CECILIA, and AL-DOORI MUSTAFA. "JÄMFÖRELSESTUDIE AV BETONGKONSTRUKTIONER I EUROKOD OCH BKR." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18248.
Full textRydberg, Carolin, and Kasper Reiderstedt. "Stomstabilisering hos prefabricerade betongkonstruktioner i 3D-beräkningsprogram." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32203.
Full textSehic, Sanel. "Termisk komfort : Jämförelse mellan trä- och betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177966.
Full textThermal comfort has a decisive role for the well-being and overall comfort for humans in indoor environments. Too often, the importance of materials is underestimated for thermal comfort and ventilation systems are overestimated, but the fact is that basic conditions for thermal comfort are mostly affected by material related factors. For example, as soon as we walk into a room, we begin to lose and gain heat to and from different material in our environment because of the radiation properties of the material. When we place a warm foot on a cooler floor, heat will flow from our foot to the material due to the thermal conductivity of the material and when fluctuations occur in the outdoor temperature, it is primarily the thermal effusivity of thematerial that determines the smoothness of the indoor temperature. The purpose of this report is to identify the properties that affect thermal comfort in wood and concrete structures, as well as to investigate to which extent these properties affecting the rmalcomfort differ between the materials. Although there is enough knowledge related to building materials to answer my purpose, there is no study that analyses and compares which characteristics distinguish between wood and concrete structures and to what extent in terms of thermal comfort. For this reason, this report will be a research and literature review, but it is unique in that it binds together building materials characteristics and thermal comfort. The building material whose properties created the best conditions for recommended thermal comfort proved to be concrete. The biggest reason is the high thermal effusivity of concrete, in other words, the ability to store heat during the day when it is warmer and release it at night when it is colder, which results in a relatively even internal temperature.
Banda, Wojtek. "Termiskt och mekaniskt optimerade anslutningar av betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35204.
Full textPettersson, Christoffer, and Andreas Nordman. "Metodik för fastställande av bärförmåga på befintliga betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9405.
Full textMånga av dagens byggnader närmar sig slutet på sin levnadstid. Detta hus från 40- och 50-talet men också miljonprojektens byggnader som inte visat sig vara så hållbara i längden. Det finns ofta en önskan om att förlänga byggnaders livstid, men för att det ska vara möjligt behöver man göra ingående inspektioner för att utföra hållbara åtgärder. Folkets Hus i Gävle är en av dessa byggnader som är i behov av en renovering. Utifrån de nya krav som måste uppfyllas på dagens byggnader har fastighetsägaren tittat på möjligheten att bygga till två våningar för att få mer uthyrningsbar yta.Detta examensarbete har som mål att ta fram en metodik för fastställande av bärande betongkonstruktion samt att pröva denna metodik på en befintlig äldre byggnad. Byggnaden som valts är Folkets hus i Gävle, byggd på sent 1940-tal. Byggnaden är en tung byggnad i fem plan med uppbyggnad av pelare och balksystem.En förundersökning har genomförts dels genom informationssökning för att finna information kring byggnadens konstruktion dels genom studier av bygghandlingar. I k-ritningarna kunde vi fastställa byggnadens grundkonstruktion och betongklass samt fastställande av väggar i byggnaden där pelarlasten kommer ner i grundvägg. En bedömning gjordes om ritningens överensstämmelse med verkligheten. Dessutom har byggnaden okulärbesiktats. Utöver detta har vi letat annan information, sökt rapporter skrivna inom området metoder/utförande/tillvägagångssätt för fastställande av en byggnads status. De testmetoder som finns för att fastställa betongens kvalitet studerades.Två genrer finns, den destruktiva och den icke destruktiva. En av vardera testmetod användes. För den icke destruktiva testmetoden användes verktyget studshammare. Då den icke destruktiva testmetoden inte är giltig enligt BBK (Boverkets handbok om betongkonstruktioner), kan resultaten med studshammaren endast ses som komplementvärden till den slutgiltiga metodens resultat. För den destruktiva testmetoden användes utborrning av cylindrar. Dessa cylindrar tryckprovades för att fastställa betongens hållfasthetsförmåga.Den slutgiltiga metoden som valdes var tillämpning utav utborrning av cylindrar och användande av studshammare som ett komplement. Den är framtagen med hjälp av kunniga inom området, granskande av publicerade vetenskapliga artiklar och facklitteratur. Metoden är även utförd att följa svenska standarder, eurokoder och BBK. Detta gör att resultatet av vår undersökning kan ställas till liknande resultat i Skandinavien men även i Europa. Metodiken anses tillämplig på många äldre byggnader som nu är i behov av renovering. Den framtagna metodiken har gett ett resultat som är tillförlitligt och kan kontrolleras. Detta ger metodiken en trovärdighet som i sin tur medför att den kan användas till liknande projekt.
Björnberg, Maja, and Victor Johansson. "Numeriska simuleringar av betongkonstruktioner med minimiarmering för sprickbreddsbegränsning." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131428.
Full textAfter the introduction of the Eurocodes, the minimum amount of reinforcement for crack control in concrete structures has increased. This is due to differences in themethods for calculating the minimum amount of reinforcement used in the Eurocodes and in BKR, a standard which was used in Sweden before the Eurocodes. Minimum reinforcement for crack control is used in concrete structures to redistribute the tensile stresses caused by restraint during the shrinkage. This thesis examines if the amount of minimum reinforcement can be reduced without compromising the main functions of the reinforcement. In this thesis a number of methods for calculating the minimum reinforcement has been compared to see how large the differences in the amount of reinforcement are, why they occur and what are the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods. The different methods revised in this thesis are the method in Eurocode 2, the changes made in the German National Annex to the Eurocode 2 method and a method proposed by Hallgren in a preliminary work. The results are based on simulations performed in the FEM-application Atena where different scenarios were examined. In the investigated scenarios, the strength classes of the concrete, the cross-sectional dimensions, the size of the reinforcement bars, the size of the concrete cover and the bond strength has been varied. The amount of reinforcement in each case has been varied to correspond to the required minimum amount according to the different methods for calculating minimum reinforcement. In all investigated cases, the cross section is assumed to be exposed to pure tensile load, which is the case for shrinkage. The results of the simulations showed that a larger amount of reinforcement reduces the width of the cracks, that a larger amount of small cracks are formed, and that new cracks are formed earlier at a lower shrinkage value. The differences are however in most cases small compared to when a lower amount of reinforcement is used. In other words, a lower amount of reinforcement could be used without compromising the main functions of the minimum reinforcement. The results from the simulations have also been used to obtain an alternative method for calculating the minimum reinforcement that gives a lower amount of reinforcement without compromising the main functions. The proposed change in Eurocode is a modification in the value of the coefficient k. By changing the value of the coefficient k, the amount of required minimum reinforcement is decreased significantly, especially for large crosssection heights. More numerical simulations were performed to ensure that the reinforcement amount according to the proposed change works for all scenarios considered in this thesis. The results showed that the reinforcement were capable of redistributing the tensile stresses caused by restraint. Only a small increase in the crack widths could be observed. An investigation was conducted to find an explanation to why cracks occur during the first weeks after casting of the concrete. The results show that the problem with cracks occurring during this period is neither due to the autogenous shrinkage nor the drying shrinkage. Only a small share of those types of shrinkage are achieved during the first weeks, and at the same time the concrete strength growth is relatively fast. Instead, the problems with cracks seem to be caused by other factors, such as a large heat development in the concrete during the first day, uneven drying shrinkage or an uneven temperature distribution over the cross section in combination with restraint. Cracks can develop during the first days after casting of the concrete due to the shrinkage that occur when the concrete cools off after the large heat development the first day. These cracks remain when the drying shrinkage continues. A comparison was also made between hand calculations of the characteristic crack widths according to “Betongföreningens handbok till Eurokod 2” and the crack widths read out of the results from the numerical simulations. The results showed that the method generally works well, but some minor adjustments could be made to adapt the method to smaller values of concrete shrinkage.
Pham, Keimann, and Jesse Olsson. "Bestämning av skjuvhållfasthet med vridprovning för pågjutna betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136826.
Full textDamages and wear on concrete bridges are due to de-icing salt or salt water, reinforcement corrosion and repeated freeze-thaw cycles in combination with increasing traffic loads. The most common repair operation for these types of damages is to remove the deteriorated concrete and replace it with a new concrete overlay. To evaluate how well a bonded concrete overlay is, the bond strength between the new and old concrete has to be determined. The most widely used method for this purpose is the so-called pull off test to determine the tensile bond strength. In practice however the shear bond strength is of greater interest and is therefore approximated on the basis of tensile bond strength, but with a torsion test the shear bond strength can be directly determined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability of the torsion test to determine the shear bond strength in a more direct and accurate manner. The thesis examines the reliability of the torsion test to determine the shear bond strength with the pull off test as a reference. The study includes eight parallel tests of pull off and torsion tests where the lowest measured shear bond strength is compared with the calculated design value of shear bond strength according to EC2. The work is done in connection with the Spårväg city project at Sergels torg, Stockholm, in collaboration with the Traffic Administration Office in Stockholm and CBI, the Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute. The results of the tests showed that the failures in the interface between new and old concrete, which are of interest, were more common for pull off tests than torsion tests where only two of the eight test samples showed failure in the interface. The wide scatter of the measured values is a consequence of the low number of failures in the interface. The mean value of the tensile bond strength was 1,43 MPa, which indicates good bond strength. The shear bond strength however made with torsion tests show a mean value of only 1,61 MPa. Lower than the expected value of about twice the tensile bond strength of 2,86 MPa. Interestingly, the lowest measured value of the shear bond strength of 0,83 MPa was unusually low, but still higher than the calculated design value of shear bond strength of 0.59 MPa according to EC2. The study has shown that torsion test is a difficult method for determining the shear strength of the bond between the new and old concrete. The reason for this is mainly due to three factors, the low number of tests, the large scatter of values, and the difficulty to interpret failures of the test samples. Despite this the torsion test seems to be a future method for structural engineers and contractors as a tool to determine shear strength for repaired concrete structures in general and not only the shear bond strength.
Sjölund, Anette. "Beräkning och begränsning av sprickvidd i armerade betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205307.
Full textThis masters thesis has two aims. The first is to assemble literature regarding the calculation of crackwidths and crack control in reinforced concrete structures. The second aim is to develop a calculationmethodology to design required reinforcement from data produced by the calculation programBRIGADE.There are several reasons why cracks appear in reinforced concrete structures. Except for externalloads, they appear as a result of attack from frost, seawater or chemicals. Also shrinkage or changesin temperature as the concrete hardens can cause cracks in the structure. Crack control in structuresis desirable for a range of reasons including aesthetics, life-span and the ability to provide water orgas proofing. Crack widths can be controlled by providing sufficient reinforcement in a structure andby arranging the reinforcement in the way it has most effect. Additionally, while pouring theconcrete, there are ways to affect the number of cracks in a structure. Treating the concrete in thecorrect way after pouring and also the use of chemicals can reduce cracking.This thesis considers the calculation of crack widths according to British Standard, Eurocode, ACI andBBK 04. Through calculation of crack widths according to these four standards, where one parameterat a time is varied, general conclusions can be drawn. Reducing the reinforcement spacing makes amajor difference to the calculated crack width. Also larger bar diameters give better results, while asmaller cover within the boundaries that the standards permit results in no significant effect.
Lundqvist, Joakim. "Numerical analysis of concrete elements strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymers /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2007/07/.
Full textNordlander, Mattias. "Studie av kolfiberförstärkningar i betongkonstruktioner : teori, problematik och metodik." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4684.
Full textArbetet syftar till att genom en litteraturstudie samt ett antal kortare intervjuer som skickas ut via e-post göra en grundläggande undersökning av CFRP (Carbon fibre reinforced polymers) därtill hur användningen av förstärkningsmetoderna ser ut idag. Rapporten skall ta upp hur projektörer bör arbeta när de träffar på produkter som är nya på marknaden.
Att förstärka betongkonstruktioner med kolfiberförstärkning har blivit allt mer vanligt under de senaste åren. Även stålband eller stålbalkar används för att förstärka bjälklag och liknande konstruktionselement. Anledningen till att en byggnad eller annan typ av konstruktion måste förstärkas kan bero på ett flertal olika saker, bland annat om byggnadens användningsområde ändras.
Kolfiberförstärkning är i jämförelse med stål mycket starkt i förhållande till sin vikt. Tunna förstärkningar gör stor skillnad. Därför tar förstärkningen väldigt liten plats. Kompositen består av kolfiber som fästs mot betongens yta med härdplasten epoxi. Det är väldigt viktigt att både epoxin samt kolfibern behandlas på rätt sätt för att förstärkningen skall bli korrekt utförd. Kolfiberförstärkningen korroderar inte samt är mycket beständig. Dock kan endast dragkrafter tas upp, fibrerna bucklas om de utsätts för tryckkrafter. Kolfiberförstärkning kan användas för att ta upp dragspänningar i balkar orsakade av böjning eller skjuvspänningar orsakade av tvärkrafter. Pelare kan förstärkas mot spänningar orsakade av normalkrafter eller spänningar som uppkommer av böjning. Dimensioneringen samt monteringen av förstärkningen måste göras noggrant för att förstärkningen skall fungera tillfredställande. Faktorer som fukt och smuts på arbetsplatsen måste kontrolleras för att kompositen skall fungera optimalt.
I dagsläget finns ingen standardisering för produkterna i Sverige. Avsaknaden av en standard gör att det blir svårt att jämföra forskningsreslutat med varandra eftersom testen ställs upp av olika forskningsgrupper efter deras egna kriterier. Det saknas även en internationell standard för hur tester skall ställas upp. Det kan finnas flera anledningar till varför det fortfarande inte finns någon standard för kolfiberförstärkningar. Det kan bland annat bero på att metoderna fortfarande är ganska nya eller att det ingen tagit initiativ till att utforma en standard ännu.
Projektörer tillsammans med entreprenörer som handskas med materialet måste vara utbildade eftersom dimensioneringen av förstärkningen är ganska komplicerad samt att förhållandena på arbetsplatsen måste vara goda. Slutligen så måste förstärkningen vara korrekt utförd för att uppfylla Lag(1994:847) som innehåller tekniska egenskapskrav på byggnader.
I ett antal intervjuer som skickats ut till personer vid större svenska företag undersöks i vilken utsträckning kolfiberförstärkningen används. Även som vad olika aktörerna i byggbranschen anser om metoden att förstärka betongkonstruktioner med kolfiber. Svaren visar att kolfiberförstärkningar är dyra jämfört med andra metoder dessutom att en standardisering av metoderna skulle behövas. Dessutom framkommer det hur viktigt det är med kunskaper samt utbildning i ämnet. Men också att CFRP är en populär förstärkningsmetod. Särskilt i trånga utrymmen.
Resultatet består av ett förslag till en utbildningsplan för projektörer och entreprenörer. I resultatet ingår även ett stycke för hur projektörer metodiskt bör arbeta när de ställs inför projekt där produkter de inte är bekanta med kan vara inblandade.
The goal of the thesis is to perform an investigation of CFRP (Carbon fibre reinforced polymers) by reviewing literature and performing an interview study. The thesis will discuss how a consultant should when facing products that is new to her/him
In recent years it has become more common to reinforce existing concrete structures using carbon fibre reinforced polymers. Another common method is to reinforce concrete elements with either beams or thinner sheets of steel. There are several reasons why a certain building or other types of construction need reinforcing. One reason being the scope of use changes. Compared to steel carbon fibre is a very light material that is able to support very big loads compared to its own weight. Because of its strength a layer of just a few millimeters of CFRP that is attached to a structure significantly increases its load capacity. The composite consists of carbon fibre that is attached to the concrete using epoxy to form the adhesive bond. It is of outmost importance that the CFRP is treated with care for it to work as intended. It is very resistant to corrosion but it may only be subjected to tension. If the fibre is compressed it might buckle.
CFRP may be used to strengthen a construction subjected to tension forces, shear forces or eccentric forces and finally longitudinal forces. There are three types of CFRP laminates, fabrics (or weave) and bars witch all can be applied in different ways. Calculation and installation of the products must be done with care to make sure that the reinforcement works as intended. Moisture and particles at the worksite must be removed. Otherwise they might interfere and prevent the adhesive to bond the CFRP to the concrete.
Currently there is no standardized way to use the products in Sweden. This makes it difficult to compare results from research because the tests are designed by differed research groups with their own criteria. An international test standard is also nonexistent. Reason behind why there currently is no standard might be that the methods still are relatively new to the market. It might also be because no one has taken it upon themselves to perform the work needed to produce a standard.
Constructors and entrepreneurs who use the products need to have the correct education to be suitable for handling CFRP. The design process might be a bit complicated and the conditions at the worksite need to be well prepared for the reinforcing system to bond to the concrete. Finally the reinforcement work is required to fulfill the laws and demands which are established in the Swedish law Byggnadsverkslagen.
The interviews was sent to employees within large Swedish corporations to investigate to what extent they use CFRP. Their general opinions about the products were also collected. The interviews show that generally CFRP is regarded as an expensive yet an exceptional method for strengthening: Also that a standard would help very the methods. In addition to this the interviews also show that education is a very important factor that needs to be considered.
The result of this thesis is suggestion for an education plan for consultants and entrepreneurs who is interested in using CFRP. Included in the result is also a plan that discuses how consultants should approach new products that they are not familiar with.
Swärd, Sofia, and Markus Hallberg. "Temperatursprickskatalogen : Hjälpmedel vid beräkning av temperatursprickor i vanligt förekommande betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102014.
Full textThe initial part of the report contains general information about thermal cracks. This section describes the origin to the cracks, what type of cracks that occurs and the force causing the problem. The major reason with this chapter is to give the reader enough knowledge to understand the rest of the report. The result and the main work are presented in tables with belonging illustrations. Each table contains the risk of cracking that occurs in several specific concrete structures and how to eliminate the risk. The report covers the following three types of structures: baseplate, retaining wall and integral bridge. The constructor can with his/her own dimensions and temperatures simply use the table to find the risk of cracking. A database including all the calculated files for each specific case is attached to the report. The files can easily be modified by the user in case the information in the tables is insufficient. All the precise circumstances and priority in the project are presented in the chapter “Förutsättningar och arbetsgång”.
Larsson, Niklas, and Erik Terner. "Förstärkning av betongkonstruktioner med kolfiber med avseende på olika brottstyper." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-257363.
Full textAbdali, Yasser, and Lovisa Holm. "En jämförelse mellan Tekla Structures och Civil 3D i krökta betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215202.
Full textWithin the construction industry, there is a lot of discussion around BIM (Building InformationModelling). There is a need to move away from customized 2D-drawings and instead focus oninformative models which can be used throughout the whole cycle of construction. This developmenthas been ongoing within house construction, but this approach is harder to implement within thefacility sector.The difficulty in implementing a more BIM-oriented approach within construction is partly due tosoftware currently not being fully developed to create informative and reliable models of constructionswith complex geometries, such as bridges.Since Trafikverket, the largest construction developer within Sweden, has started to place a largerdemand on 3D there is a need for both technology and human resource to develop.The aim of this dissertation is to present a case study investigating the suitability of the software TeklaStructure and AutoCAD Civil 3D to perform a 3D-model of a double-curved bridge. The two pieces ofsoftware will be contrasted in a final comparison whereby both pros and cons will be presented.The study has made it clear that BIM is not just about creating an informative model, but it is alsoabout an approach which has the ability to completely change the construction sector to work morecollaboratively and effectively.The comparison between the two relevant software in this study shows that they both have strengthsand weaknesses and are suitable for our purpose. However, they differ in how detailed models theycan create and how well they have the ability to work with BIM to a greater extent.
Högström, Johan, and David Johansson. "Tillämpning av kolfiberförstärkning i bärande betongkonstruktioner : Jämförelse med stål som förstärkningsmaterial." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31535.
Full textMakdesi, Elias Jamil, and Filip Yousif. "Uttorkning av komplexa betongkonstruktioner : Uttorkningstider för foggjutning och pågjutning på HD/F." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149307.
Full textConstructions of hospitals today have become more complex than before. As for the construction of the frame structure, the requirements for vibration in the body have increased. To fulfill the requirements for frame vibrations the top coating thickness must be increased with 90 mm from the standard thickness, which is around 40 mm. To perform this extra topping is not the biggest issue. The major problem is the extra drying time that is added in the process. Another large problem is the calculation programs that are available on the market today cannot deal with all types of designs and simulations; however it would be possible to divide the simulation process for the dehydration between different calculation programs. In this study, two different simulation/calculation programs will be used. The programs that will be applied are TorkaS 3.2 and WUFI Pro. Drying times will be generated by combining these programs and look at previous studies similar to this project. In this study we have chosen to take a closer look at how joint cast between the slabs affects the drying time for the entire sub-area, which is the joint cast and topping cast. The results of the w/c-ratio for joint cast must be significantly lower than w/c-ratio for topping and that drying times will vary depending on the w/c-ratio. Drying times for topping will also vary if measurements are made over the joint or middle of the slab.
De, Barros Cruz Julio Cesar, and Marijana Paunovic. "Vattentäta betongkonstruktioner utsatta för tvångskrafter : Finit elementanalys av tvångsfördelning för vanliga typfall." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259614.
Full textConcrete is one of the most widely used building materials in society today. Some of the reasons for this are that it has a long life, is a natural material that is 100% recyclable and non-flammable material. It has many advantages, but it is not entirely ideal due to its low tensile strength. A concrete structure may crack due to restrained movements which creates tensile stresses. Restrained movements are called restraint which can be described in the form of restraint factor. In this thesis, restraint factor is defined as a ratio between the actual imposed stress and the imposed stress at full restraint. The degree of fixity, movement possibility and stiffness relation between the newly casted element and the adjacent old structure are crucial parameters in the calculation of restraint and a typical case is, for example, a wall-on-slab cast. A completely restrained construction has a restraint factor equal to 1, while a structure that can move freely has a restraint factor equal to 0. However, a relative lower restraint factor is obtained if the creep effect is considered, since it has a positive influence on the restraint. The concrete may crack due to the restraint and if the crack is not expected or is larger than the expected for the dimensioned load then it is considered as damage. Preventing water penetration or leakage also means that through cracks in waterproof concrete structures should be avoided. Therefore, it is important to consider the restraint on fracture risk analyzes of waterproof concrete structures. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the restraint based on several aspects, which meant that the work was divided into 3 analyses. Analysis 1 had as purpose to confirm typical cases specified in Eurocode SS-EN 1992–3 and to evaluate the stated restraint factors that the Eurocode proposes should be used in calculations of restraint deformations. For that matter, finite element program was used for modeling the cases from the Eurocode and at the same time hand calculations were made to supplement the analysis. Analysis 2 consisted of examining how the restraint between structural parts is affected by changing dimensions of the structure. The construction being studied was wall-on-slab cast. Variable parameters were the width and thickness of the slab, as well as the height and thickness of the wall. At the same time, changing the length of the construction was taken as an affecting factor. Lastly, crack width calculations for bending moments and shrinkage were made in analysis 3 to obtain the amount of reinforcement that meet the crack width requirement for waterproof concrete structures. This was done according to two different calculation methods: Eurocodes and Engström’s (2014). These calculations also showed a comparison in the amount of reinforcement when using restraint factors derived from Eurocode and restraint factors calculated according to the FE analyses. The results from analysis 1 showed that the variation of restraint factors calculated did not completely correspond to the variation stated in SS-EN 1992–3 but did not deviate too much. However, there were a few cases where deviations were noticeable and therefore a more detailed examination is required. Analysis 2 showed that increasing the volume of the wall reduces the restraint against the slab, but an opposite effect was obtained by increasing the volume of the slab. At the same time, it was found that a longer construction causes greater restraint between the actual components. The conclusion from analysis 3 was that the difference in generated amount of reinforcement was almost proportional in percentage to the difference in restraint factor. However, using different calculation methods resulted in amounts of reinforcement that were not comparable. Comparison between the two calculation methods was not the purpose of this thesis, but merely an attempt to gain an insight into how the different methods are structured.
Eriksson, Felicia. "Samverkanskonstruktioner i stål och betong: prestanda, lönsamhet och utförande : Jämförelse mellan samverkanskonstruktioner och platsgjutna, slakarmerade betongkonstruktioner." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326134.
Full textLaurén, Sofia. "Dimensionering av betongkonstruktioner : En jämförande studie av BBK 04 och Eurokod 2 vid dimensionering av balkar och pelare." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49182.
Full textI Sverige använder man idag BKR och BBK 04 vid dimensionering av betongkonstruktioner vilka, inom kort tid, kommer att ersättas av Eurokod 2. Vid dimensionering av byggnader kommer Eurokod 2 Del 1-1 att användas och med regelverket kommer en hel del nya regler och normer att behöva anpassas. För att undersöka hur BKR och BBK 04 skiljer sig mot Eurokod 2 vid dimensionering av betongkonstruktioner har en balk och en pelare med vanligt förekommande dimensioner studerats. Balken dimensioneras med hänsyn till bärförmåga vid böjning och tvärkraft samt kontroll av sprickbildning. Pelaren dimensioneras med hänsyn till bärförmåga vid centriskt tryck och moment i tvärsnitt på grund av strukturimperfektioner. BBK 04 har gått ett steg närmare Eurokod 2 än tidigare utgåvor och det som skiljer vid beräkning av armering, är hur partialkoefficienter används. BBK 04 reducerar armeringen och betongens karakteristiska hållfasthetsvärden men ökar knappt de karakteristiska lastvärdena medan Eurokoderna knappt reducerar hållfasthetsvärdena utan ökar lastvärdena mer än BBK 04. Används Eurokodernas rekommenderade värden blir dess armeringsmängd betydligt högre än vid dimensionering enligt BBK 04. Dock har samtliga medlemsländer i Europeiska Unionen tagit fram ett eget nationellt annex med egenvalda värden och faktorer, och med Sveriges värden får regelverken nästintill samma armeringsmängder. Dimensionering enligt Eurokod 2 med Sveriges värden ger lägre armeringsmängder i både balkar och pelare än vad BBK 04 ger, vilket är ekonomiskt fördelaktigt.
Eliassi, Sherko, and Ismail Shamma. "Fuktskydd av grundkonstruktioner : En utvärdering av olika system och problem." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187877.
Full textBuildings with foundations below ground is becoming increasingly common. Building far below the ground level means that you have to deal with the fluctuating groundwater. A variety of concrete structures are subjected to one-sided water pressure. Structures' durability and longevity many times depends on the water resistance. The requirement considering waterproofing varies depending on the purpose and use of the building. It can for example be acceptable with some water leakage in a parking deck, while it can be unacceptable for commercial buildings. This paper investigates how to waterproof building foundations below the groundwater level. The water tightness of foundations is mainly depending on three factors. Wide thoroughgoing cracks cannot exist in the concrete. Construction joints and expansion joints forming discontinuities in the foundation must be sealed. Furthermore, connecting elements such as mat-slabs and pile heads must be sealed. These three factors should all be considered to avoid leaks and to avoid the need of after-treatment which means high costs in relation to a waterproof foundation in the first place. The aim of the thesis was to present for Swedish designers how you waterproof foundations below the groundwater level. On behalf of Sweco the report investigated the existing techniques, which properties and limitations they have and when they are suitable. The study is based on an extensive literature review and interviews with involved parties during construction. The goal of the report was to present how to successfully project and build water-proof concrete structures below the groundwater level. The report should give a clear introduction to the subject and facilitate for those who aspire a thorough understanding of the subject. It is primarily aimed to designers, other parties with a significant role can also follow the report for a better understanding and awareness. Existing solutions are evaluated through an extensive literature review and qualitative interviews with designers, contractors and suppliers of sealing techniques. All participant’s skills and experiences were brought together to identify potential for improvement in project planning and production phase of waterproof foundations. The expertise is available in the industry, but the feedback is exceedingly limited. The opinions and skills are sprawled among many sources, which means that a uniform image is missing. In summary, the study shows that consultants and contractors together should make a new risk and impact assessment ahead of each project. Various waterproofing options should be considered, to raise the awareness of each parts share of the risk management. Furthermore the designer should deliver isometric perspectives or digital 3D drawings to clarify complex and quality-critical parts. Finally, craftsman on the construction should be educated and aware of the additional value of a crack minimized concrete and well executed sealing of joints and connecting elements. Consultants and contractors should evaluate the waterproofing techniques after each project to jointly push the technologies forward.
Ansari, Mahan. "Reparationer av Ölandsbron." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20154.
Full textThe Öland Bridge showed extensive damage only ten years after the inauguration. This makes it interesting to study bronze repairs and also repairs of concrete structures in general. Another reason that makes it interesting to study Ölandbro's measures is that there is no information regarding the implementation of repairs on the bridge. The goal is to present which repair method is appropriate and which repair action is to be applied in the repair of concrete structures.Bridge constructions are exposed to a relatively aggressive environment, such as frost attacks, corrosion attacks and salt water/chlorides from seawater, while it is expected that bridge constructions will have a long life. This means that high demands are placed on bronze durability. The purpose of this work is to investigate what affects the lifespan of the Öland bridge and concrete constructions in general and parallels are drawn between bronze repairs and future repairs. The work was introduced by studying various studies on degradation mechanisms. The study was carried out by studying bronze design drawings, discussing the causes of repair with those responsible at the bridge and obtaining various reports on the bridge. In order to be able to examine the damage and measures that affected the life of the concrete constructions, a summary was made with the aim of giving an overall picture of what affects the lifespan of the Öland bridge and concrete constructions. What was studied was measures and injuries that are linked to the lifetime of bronze. The Öland Bridge showed extensive damage only ten years after it was completed, which meant that the bridge was particularly interesting to study. To be able to draw conclusions, a summary was made of how the damage arose on Ölandsbron's constructions over the years, partly on how they are related to the lifetime of bronze. One reason why great damage occurred to the bridge was that the regulations in Sweden were vague when the bridge was built and that there was no knowledge regarding the execution when building bridges. This led to the bridge being built with the lowest cost as a priority and that the lifetime and bronze durability were not taken into account.Part of Ölandsbron's damage is due to the use of salt water as a component of the bridge construction. This led to increased corrosion attack rate and increased chloride content in the concrete, resulting in cracks on the concrete surface and the penetration of chlorides at a faster rate. The pillars of the Öland Bridge in the low level part are exposed and are the pillars that had the most serious damage. One important factor is the quality of the concrete. In bronze construction, low-quality concrete is used which is more sensitive to stress from the environment. The use of low quality concrete can adversely affect the lifetime of bronze. Most pillars at the Öland Bridge have undergone repairs in the 1980s with the aim of building a new "shell" around the pillars to create protection and prevent the penetration of chlorides.
Larsson, Emelie, and Anton Lydell. "Livscykelanalys och livscykelkostnadsanalys av nyckelfärdiga flerbostadshus : En jämförelse mellan betong- och träkonstruktion." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150099.
Full textThe residential sector accounts for more than a third of the energy use in Sweden. To reduce the energy use of buildings is a necessity in order to meet future regulationof maximum allowable energy, but also important to reduce the impact on global warming. Another complexity arising in Sweden is the shortage of accommodation. Municipal housing corporations face the challenge of constructing residences fast, cheap and with concern of environmental effects in order to reduce the shortage of accommodation. One way of assessing two of the three aspects of sustainability when looking at future construction of residential buildings is to carry out a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and a Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA). An LCA can indicate what kind of environmental impact a product causes over its lifetime and the LCC allows for assessing what types of costs are associated with the product. For the municipal housing corporation Stångåstaden AB the shortage of accommodation is a reality and their mindset is sustainable construction of residences. This study was conducted upon request from Stångåstaden who wanted a comparative LCA and LCCA between two prefabricated multi-residential buildings that are available to them through a framework agreement. The first building has a concrete foundation and the second one is made of wood. The houses are planned to be placed at the outskirts of Linköping, Sweden. The focus of this study has been to comparatively assess the environmental impact from the different life cycle phases and the economic costs of the two buildings during a time period of 50 years. Moreover, the thesis also analyze the optimal retrofit strategy for the buildings in order to find the optimal (lowest) life cycle cost. Furthermore, the current literature has conveyed relatively few studies that combine both LCA and LCC methodology for house types that are common in most towns. The result from the LCA indicated that the house with concrete construction had a little less impact in six of the seven studied environmental impact categories compared to the house made of wood. The result differed slightly when the input data were changed. Regarding the LCCA the house made of wood was roughly 20 % more expensive than its concrete counterpart. Changing the input data revealed no difference in the result. With an interest rate of 7,5 % no retrofits were profitable for either building, however reducing the interest rate to half its original value made it cost optimal to increase the floor insulation for the house made of wood. More studies should be conducted to be able to draw general conclusions regarding which construction material that is the most sustainable. This thesis is based on two specific and real cases. The same result could possibly not be expected from other studies comparing buildings with concrete and wood construction.
Berggrén, Erik, and Edward Lunqe. "Byggfuktens inverkan på energiförbrukning : En studie i energiförluster på grund av byggfukt." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174276.
Full textEnergy efficiency and low energy houses are today important factors within the building sector. What’s often forgotten, and with little or no research available, is how building moisture affect energy consumption. The intention of the thesis is to increase the knowledge of building moistures consequence’s by investigating how large the energy is to dehydrate concrete structures and also to investigate if it should be taken in account by environmental certification when buildings are certified. All material and medium strives to be in moisture equilibrium with its environment. For building materials to dehydrate into equilibrium with its environment evaporation is required. Because evaporation makes the ambient temperature lower the energy consumption for heating increases. In the thesis the moisture calculation software’s KFX03 and WUFI Pro 5.3 are used to calculate the water quantity of dehydration and when it occurs in concrete structures. A fact sheet was programmed, in Excel, for fast and simple energy calculations of dehydration in a building. To estimate the quantity of heated concrete in new buildings three newly produced buildings where studied. The result shows that the energy for dehydrations increased a buildings heating by approximately 5 %, correspondent to roughly 2.5 years of consumption. The work indicates that building moisture has a relatively high impact on a buildings heating, when taking the different condition during construction and living in consideration. Therefore the current environment and energy certification systems should in greater regards focus on energy consumption during construction. To be able to better answer in which extent the drying of building moisture affects energy consumption comparisons should be done in concrete with different water-cement ratio and energy calculation to estimate energy losses during construction. Thus to answer how big effect a buildings construction phase has on the environment and thereby how big significance this phase should have on environment certifications.
Lagundzija, Sandra, and Marie Thiam. "Temperature reduction during concrete hydration in massive structures." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210031.
Full textBetong är ett av de mest använda byggmaterialen i världen, tack vare dess goda egenskaper. Cement, som är en av huvudkomponenterna i betong, genererar en stor värmeutveckling under hydratationen. Värmeutveckling som genereras leder till temperaturhöjningar i strukturen. Denna temperaturhöjning blir således ett problem för massiva betong- konstruktioner, såsom vattenkraftverk och dammar, på grund av att den naturliga avkylningen inte längre är tillräcklig för att avlägsna värmen. I kombination med yttre och inre tvång resulterar högre temperaturer i dragspänningar som orsakar sprickor i strukturen. Minskningen av sprickbildning i en fastgjuten massiv betongstruktur kan ske genom att minska eller reglera temperaturhöjningen. För att göra det kan flera kylmetoder användas. Dessa metoder kan delas in i förberedande kylning och efterkylning. Med förberedande kylning kan cementhalten i betong reduceras genom ersättning med mineraltillsatser såsom kalksten, flygaska, silikastoft eller markgranulerad masugnsslagg. En annan metod är att öka ballastens storlek eller att kyla ballasten. Is kan användas både för att minska temperaturen vid gjutning av betong och reducera mängden vatten som behövs i blandningen. Den vanligaste efterkylningsmetoden är användning av kylrör med cirkulerande kallt vatten för att kyla strukturen, dvs. utan att ändra mängden värme som produceras av cementhydratationen. Denna uppsats ämnar jämföra olika metoder för att reducera temperaturen i massiva betongkonstruktioner. Simuleringar har genomförts med datorprogrammet HACON i syfte att analysera inverkan av olika metoder. Resultaten från studien visade att kylrör gav den bästa minskningen av den maximala temperaturen och den maximala reduktionen av temperaturgradienten med 42 % respektive 76 %. Om kylrör ska undvikas erhålls det bästa resultatet vid användning av 30 % flygaska, vilket resulterade i en snarlik minskning i maximal temperatur med mindre än en tredjedel av reduktionen av gradienten. Då reduceringen med flygaska inte var lika effektiv som med kylrör har lämpliga kombinationer av olika förberedande kylmetoder studerats. Resultatet av kombinationen med flygaska, is och större ballast visade en ännu effektivare minskning av den maximala temperaturreduceringen jämfört med kylrör. Vidare visade resultaten även att de erhållna temperaturreduceringarna nästan var oberoende av konstruktionens tjocklek. Denna slutsats kan endast tillämpas för massiva konstruktioner, där fall med en 1.5 och 3.0 m tjock vägg analyserades. Fortsatta studier kan vara att hitta fler lämpliga kombinationer av förberedande kylmetoder för att undvika användning av kylrör, liksom att analysera kostnaden för de olika förberedande kylmetoderna.
Bondsman, Benjamin, Barzan Al, and Felix Hedlund. "Dimensionering av höga balkar enligt fackverksanalogi : -En parametrisk studie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29936.
Full textMilosevic, Ivan, and Saraj Huq. "Miljö - och kostnadsanalys avUHPC som reparationsmaterialför bropelare." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295801.
Full textThe construction industry has a negative climate impact and so does the infrastructure. Which is due to frequent repairs that are not sustainable. Many countries have therefore tried to explore the possibility of finding a long-term and sustainable alternative to conventional repair materials. Different materials are examined, different optimized concrete recipes are tested to understand how the environmental impact can be minimized and the service life of concrete structures extended. When repairing a bridge, it is important to take into account both costs and environmental impact throughout its life cycle. Costs that arise are investment costs as well as operating and maintenance costs. The environmental impact from concrete structures in the product phase consists of material production, construction transports and production at construction sites. The total greenhouse gas emissions are summed up and calculated in kg CO2 eq. The purpose of this thesis is to study the long-term sustainability of UHPC using calculation models such as life cycle analysis and life cycle cost analysis with the intention of applying the repair technique. Several UHPC prescriptions are set against the conventional repair material in order to be able to assess the environmental impact and cost-effectiveness of the materials. That is, if it is possible to reduce climate emissions and costs. The compared recipes are different UHPC recipes and traditional concrete. The recipes are finally applied to an existing bridge pillar to investigate the applicability of the various recipes as repair materials from a sustainability perspective. There is a lack of knowledge about the long-term effects of UHPC, especially about repair intervals. Given the high tensile strength and durability of the material together with the structural properties of the UHPC, it has been assumed that the material is repair-free for the life of the structure. That is, the bridge pillar examined with UHPC in the study did not need to be repaired during its lifetime. The results from the life cycle cost analysis show that UHPC is more expensive in both cubicmeters (m3) and square meters (m2) given the thickness of the cover layer than traditional concrete in the material price. However, given that UHPC is maintenance free, it has a lower lifecycle cost. The results from the life cycle analysis show that the UHPC mixtures have a greater environmental impact per cubic meter when the cover layer varies. As the thickness of the different cover layers is related to the length of the pillar, results are obtained where UHPC leads to slimmer constructions and savings of up to 50% less concrete volume (for the 6 m long pillar in the case study). With UHPC as repair material, this means that the bridge does not need to be repaired during its service life. The bridge pillar that is repaired with UHPC will therefore have a smaller environmental impact than the traditional concrete. Long-term sustainability and smaller total greenhouse gas emissions (which are in line with EU and government climate requirements) are obtained for plant constructions with UHPC.