Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Betongstomme'
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Mohammad, Jan, and Marten Youssef. "Prefabriceringens utveckling av trä och betongstomme." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102108.
Full textIndustrialized building laid the foundation of modern building techniques and has developed into a prefabricated building. With better knowledge of materials and working methods, engineers have learned tolerance, fit, and dimensions that are most important parameters for assembling prefabricated elements. In this study, we treat the development of prefabricated building during the 21st century and what needs to be improved, how we create an efficient construction industry that can contribute to increased Swedish growth and productivity. From the result we can determine if prefabricated houses are the future of construction method. Houses in wood are by far the largest in the prefabricated construction and are now 90% of new building. As expansion develops technology and now we build eight-story multi-family homes in wood. The prefabricated building has moved most of the work to the factory where, in a controlled environment produce finished elements which are produced in optimum conditions. This means that construction moisture in the materials no longer exists and all operations can be performed covered. The development has also led to significantly shorter construction times and under right conditions up to 80% of the time can be saved. Above all, the construction method requires less storage and is ideal in densely populated areas but requiring major demands for logistics and deliveries.
Olsson, Simon, and Mattias Blom. "Jämförelse mellan radhus med trä- eller betongstomme : Ekonomiska och tidsmässiga skillnader för prefabricerad trästomme, prefabricerad betongstomme och platsbyggd träregelstomme." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68973.
Full textThe aim of this study is to compare cost and time differences between four different designed wall constructions. The different wall constructions that are compared are a site-built wooden wall, a prefabricated concrete wall, a prefabricated sandwich wall (further referred to as prefabricated concrete wall SW) and a prefabricated CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) wall. These four different walls have been designed to be equivalent from an energy perspective in order to make a fair comparison. The U-values of the walls were selected to indicate how equal they are. Moisture safety has also been assessed for the various constructions. The question posed is, which of the three different prefabricated wall frames get the lowest total cost for the construction of the wall structure, based on construction time and material costs? And how does the total cost and construction time of the site-based timber wall compare to the total cost and construction time of the prefabricated walls? To answer these questions, cost and time calculations have been made for all wall constructions. This has been done by comparing the building cost of the different walls and the building times layer by layer, as well as the total construction time and construction cost for each individual wall per square meter. Input has been retrieved from Wilkells sektionsfakta® and from contact with experts in the industry. The result shows that the prefabricated concrete wall SW has the lowest total construction time of 241 working hours and a total construction cost of just over 570,000 SEK, making it the prefabricated wall with the shortest total construction time and total construction cost. This at the same time as the site-built wooden wall has a total construction time of 484 hours and a total construction cost of just over 435,000 SEK. Based on the results of the different wall constructions, it was chosen to focus on the prefabricated concrete wall SW and the site-built wooden wall, as these two proved to be most relevant from the study's questions. In the comparison between these two wall constructions, it is the total construction cost and the total construction time that become decisive. The total construction time of the prefabricated concrete wall SW is approximately 50% of the total construction time of the site-built wooden wall. This at the same time as the total construction cost of the prefabricated concrete wall SW is 31% higher than for the site-built wooden wall. The conclusion drawn was that, based on the questions posed, the prefabricated concrete wall SW is the wall structure that is considered the most advantageous as the construction time reduction is considered to be justified by the additional building cost that is added compared with the site-built wooden wall. From a sustainability aspect, the prefabricated concrete wall SW may not be chosen as the environmental benefit offered by the site-based wooden wall outweighs the difference in construction time between the prefabricated concrete wall SW and the site-built wooden wall. This would mean that the site-based wooden wall is the most advantageous based on total construction time and total construction cost.
Olsson, Sebastian. "Prefabricerade stomsystem: massivträ- eller betongstomme för flervåningshus : En teknisk jämförelseanalys." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-40192.
Full textBerggren, Jakob. "Logistic evaluation of internationally purchased concrete frames : Logistisk utvärdering av internationellt köpt betongstomme." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94415.
Full textThis thesis is made on behalf of NCC as a logistical evaluation, focused on the delivery and assembling of the concrete structure to expansion of Hageby Centrum in Norrköping. The special feature of the project in Hageby Centrum is that NCC turned to a foreign supplier of concrete frame instead of a domestic supplier. This has major logistical implications because the big volume of precast concrete products, and to plan further 900 trucks from Latvia to Sweden is impossible. Instead, they have chosen the relatively untested option to ship the concrete elements by boat. Also this poses a problem when the concrete elements cannot be delivered directly because of lack of space at the building site, which means that they must first be held in Norrköping port until it is time for assembly. The result of the report declares what the emerging problems of the project depends on. The report can also be helpful for future projects as it may be necessary to once again turn to a foreign supplier. The financial aspects such as the price for the structure and assembly are not included in the report, but instead it is the logistics part is in focus.
Töttrup, Hampus, and Gunnar Renström. "Möjligheter med KL-trä : Hur en betongstomme kan omformas till en KL-trästomme." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231871.
Full textPersson, Moa, and Hanna Sjölander. "Kommunikationsproblem mellan arkitekter och konstruktörer vid projektering av flervåningshus av trä- och betongstomme." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36617.
Full textRautio, Kirsi, and Ida Johansson. "En jämförelsestudie av koldioxidsläpp för en byggnad med trä- respektive betongstomme ur ett livscykelperspektiv." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7659.
Full textThe goal with this examination thesis is to investigate the difference in carbon dioxide emissions between a building with a wooden versus concrete carcassing from a life cycle perspective. The huge amounts of carbon dioxide released into air from human activities must be reduced to prevent serious consequences. A way to limit this issue is through performing a comparative study where the result shows which of two products with the same function has the lowest emission of carbon dioxide, whereof the product with the lowest carbon dioxide pollution can be chosen.
To be able to perform a study like this an object has been chosen and studies about life cycle analyses have been done. The rental square meter, the thermal conductivity value, the energy requirements and the placement of the building has been set equal in both framework types. There were solely dissimilarities of the two buildings taken into account when this comparison study was performed.
The result of the study is that a building constructed with a wooden carcassing has the lowest amount of carbon dioxide emissions. The difference in carbon dioxide pollution is 22 ton which connotes a difference in 15 percent.
Detta examensarbete har som mål att undersöka hur stora skillnader i koldioxidutsläpp som uppstår om man har en trä- respektive betongstomme ur ett livscykelperspektiv. De stora mängder koldioxid som släpps ut till luften på grund av människans aktiviteter måste försöka begränsas då en förstärkt växthuseffekt kan leda till allvarliga konsekvenser. Ett sätt att göra detta på är att studera vilken av två produkter med samma funktion som har lägst koldioxidutsläpp. Därav kan produkten med lägst koldioxidutsläpp väljas.
För att kunna genomföra denna studie har ett objekt bestämts och en studie kring livscykelanalyser gjorts. Byggnaden som används har en fastställd uthyrbar yta, lika u-värde i ytterväggar, samma energibehov och samma placering i båda fallen. I denna jämförelsestudie utförs beräkningarna bara på olikheter mellan de två byggnaderna.
Resultatet av studien gav ett lägre koldioxidutsläpp för objektet med trästomme. Skillnaden mellan de två objekten är 22 ton i koldioxidutsläpp vilket innebär en skillnad på 15 procent.
Chouhan, Nimesh, and Ibrahim Jound. "Jämförelse mellan prefab och platsgjuten betongstomme för kv.Kleopatra : Arbetsmiljö, kvalitet, tidplanering- kostnader och miljö." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6040.
Full textThis diploma work is about the comparison between the prefabricated and on-site mixed concrete frames for Cleopatra that is a multi-residential building in Västerås, Sweden. Prefabricated and on-site mixed concrete structures are two methods used in the construction of new buildings.
Due to lack of time after procurement of project contractors usually do not have time to make a detailed study for the selection of frames. In such cases they select a frame that has been chosen for previous projects with the lowest price that takes into account the client's budget for the project. The comparison is made between the prefabricated structure and the current structure which is on-site mixed with concrete and prefabricated concrete columns and concrete stairs for kv. Kleopatra. It is very time-efficient in the current situation to make use of prefabricated pillars and cement stairs. Pillars and beams are chosen to be made on-site moulded because there is a very few and due to that it is more expensive to buy these as prefabricated. The extra cost will be when the prefabricated factory use specific forms for those parts which are then discarded and the cost of these forms is then allocated on number of pillars and beams. On-site moulded structures are being built at the workplace and in need of reinforcement, forming, stamping, bending back, ready-mix concrete, crane, equipment for drying, calendaring, glazing and conservation. Prefab structures are built at the factory and transported to the construction site, and then they have a need for the crane, ready-mix concrete, reinforcement for floor plate and calendaring, glazing for these. The choice between the prefabricated and on-site mixed frame for kv. Kleopatra affects the environment, working environment, quality and timing and costs differently. These points are investigated and compared for the quarter. Kleopatra and the results we have arrived at through various methods, including interviews, surveys, literature studies and further research we have done. We have come to different conclusions for the work environment, quality, environment,timeschedule and costs.
Lindholm, Erik, and Robin Malmqvist. "Förbättring av bärighet vid brand : Utvärdering av befintlig betongstomme i hus 08 Falu lasarett." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55440.
Full textTengelin, Fredrik, Kristian Roos, and Johan Axelsson. "En jämförelse av stomval till skolan i Hagfors." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1820.
Full textSammanfattning
Detta arbete baseras på nybyggnationen och ombyggnationen av skolan i Hagfors som NCC gör för Hagfors kommun. Uppgiften är att göra en jämförelse av olika stomalternativ; platsgjuten betong, prefabricerad betong och stålstomme på nybyggnationen med hänsyn till tid, ekonomi och miljöpåverkan. Den nybyggda delen kommer att bli ca 7000 m2 fördelat på tre plan och stommen utgörs i dagsläget till största del av prefabricerad betong.
De frågeställningarna som behandlas i arbetet är
• Vilket material är mest fördelaktigt utifrån ett tidsperspektiv?
• Vilket material/stomlösning är ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv att föredra?
• Hur påverkas miljön av de olika stomsystemen?
Målet med examensarbetet är att välja den mest lämpliga stomlösningen för nybyggnationen av Visa Bildningscentrum i Hagfors på uppdrag av NCC, ur ett ekonomiskt och tidsmässigt perspektiv. De alternativ som ska undersökas och jämföras är stålstomme, prefabricerad betongstomme och platsgjuten stomme.
Syftet med arbetet är att kunna få en inblick i hur olika stomsystem utformas, vilka byggmetoder som används, samt göra en jämförelse av stomsystemen som kan generera en relevant slutsats. Vi ska studera ett objekt där stommen redan är vald för att på så sätt få en mer verklighetsanknuten förståelse för problematiken vid val av stomme.
Problemlösningen baseras på laster, pelardimensioner, balkdimensioner, antal pelare och balkar. Dessa har tillhandahållits av NCC. Beräkningar genomfördes för att specificera armeringsmängd i betongstommarna och för att dimensionera stålstommen. För att se vad de olika stomalternativen kostade användes BidCon för att få fram en kalkyl på stommen, inklusive material och arbetskostnader. Resultatet av detta blev att den platsgjutna betongstommen kostar 4 104 000 kr, stålstommen kostar 5 835 000 kr och den prefabricerade betongstommen kostar 4 558 000 kr.
Om man ska se till tiden är det den prefabricerade betongstommen som tar kortast tid vid förutsättningen att leveranser och samordning sker planenligt. Den platsgjutna stommen är den mest tidskrävande bland annat beroende på långa uttorkningstider och faktumet att platsgjuten betong är mycket väderberoende.
Sett utifrån ett miljöperspektiv föll valet på att använda betong på grund av lägre energiförbrukning och utsläpp vid tillverkning, jämfört med stål, samt att en byggnad i betong har en stor värmetröghet vilket skapar förutsättningar för ett lägre och jämnare energibehov i den färdiga byggnaden. Transporter till byggplatsen har även betydelse på grund av att de prefabricerade betongelementen i detta fall tillverkas i och levereras från Tyskland.
Vid tillverkning av prefabricerade element minimeras de flesta problem som väder orsakar vid användning av platsgjuten betong. All produktion sker inomhus i fabriker och förutom att problem på grund av väderförhållanden försvinner så minskas även olycksrisken. Prefabricerat byggande har dock nackdelen att det är mycket störningskänsligt på grund av att det förlitar sig helt på att logistiken fungerar utan några förseningar. Problem med arbetsmiljö, exempelvis belastningsskador och olycksrisker, kan man flytta från byggarbetsplatsen till en fabrik där arbetsmiljön kan kontrolleras på ett bättre sätt genom att välja en prefabricerad stomme, även om man inte helt kan undvika dem.
I rapporten finns exempel på hur beräkningar genomförts, kalkyler på stålstommen och den platsgjutna betongstommen och ritningar på nybyggnationen.
Arbetet utförs på uppdrag av NCC med Bo Rom och Thomas Boman som externa handledare. Handledare på universitetet är Carina Rehnström.
Pezic, Nedim, and Saif Al-Omari. "Klimatförbättrad betong- eller trästomme i en byggnad : - Vilket alternativ är mest fördelaktigt ur ett livscykelperspektiv." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53969.
Full textHunt, Desirée. "Återbruk inom byggsektorn : En sammanställande rapport i syfte att utreda alternativa betongstommar för hållbar utveckling." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172400.
Full textAs the increase in the earth´s population contributes to an increased consumption of the earth´s resources, more and more demands and focus are being placed on sustainable construction. In 2017, Sweden adopted a climate policy framework in the form of a coherent environmental policy consisting of climate laws and climate goals to reach Fossil- free, bringing Sweden´s goals in line with the Paris Agreement. This, in the long-term, means having a climate-neutral value chain in the construction and civil engineering sector by the year of 2045. This report provides a climate analysis evaluating the climate savings of an existing concrete frame out of a live cycle perspective. The study will focus on a concrete frame forming part of a remodelling and extension of the Biology Building at Umeå University. Furthermore, this study will investigate more environmentally friendly alternatives in connection with Sweden´s Fossil-free goal towards a net-zero carbon emissions by 2045. Finally, this study will evaluate the work on circular construction in Sweden today. AutoCAD software was used to calculate the amount of building resources and the climate impact of the various materials, and of the entire concrete frame, were calculated using the environmental calculation tool Byggsektorns Miljöberäkningsverktyg (BM 1.0). Self- selected environmental product declarations (EPDs) were also used in BM 1.0 to evaluate the reduced climate impact of the concrete structures. Subsequently, the climate analysis suggests that the existing frame has resulted in a built- in carbon dioxide amount of approximately1,067,000 kg CO2e. After the climate analysis it resulted in a more environmentally friendly alternative with a reduced climate impact of about 36 %. The reinforcement reduced its climate impact by 89 % and the concrete by 34 %. When considered in light of Sweden´s Fossil-free target, this means that greater measures are required to achieve net zero emissions by 2045. Through demands and laws being placed on the climate emissions related to construction, work on reusing and recycling is increasingly promoted, as well as promoting a climate-smart construction out of a life- cycle perspective. Ultimately, this study suggests that, by increasing the availability of environmental product declarations, the construction industry have opportunities to make effective choices that promote sustainable development that may reduce the climate impact of construction and demolition processes.
Bakkour, Taofik, and Larsa Khazal. "LCA OCH LCC FÖR FLERBOSTADSHUS : Trä och betong ur ett miljö- och ekonomiperspektiv på uppdrag av Kommunfastigheter i Eskilstuna AB." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55733.
Full textBohlin, Pelle, and Olle Lindroth. "Moderna trä- och betongstommar i flerbostadshus : En teknisk jämförelse av ett fyravåningshus med två stomalternativ." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102025.
Full textThe goal with thisdegree project was to highlight the differences between an apartment building with a timber frame and partly prefabricated concrete frame from a technical point of view to determine which alternative that is preferable. Highlighted factors were: Thicknesses of load-bearing parts The maximum length of floor structures Assembly of installations Assembly of the frame-parts Sound-insulating ability Moisture problems Dimension of fire-protection Project-complexity Construction documents from an existing apartment building with a timber frame were obtained and analyzed, and a concrete frame house with similar abilities was projected. The half-prefabricated concrete construction was designed with current eurocodes and details were designed according to laws, regulations and recognized industry standards. From the technical perspective that has been discussed in this report, the advantages with concrete frames are greater than the timber alternative, despite the fact that they in some aspects are very similar. The concrete option provides significant benefits in terms of fire and sound abilities and it is also easier to design, while the timber option has its advantages in assembly and foundation. Choosing a frame of timber to an apartment building also seems to have advantages in the environmental and work environmental aspects. To fulfill the sound, fire and moisture requirements which are needed in a timber house it requires advanced building system that involves complexity of the design which requires close cooperation between the constructional engineer and the manufacturer.
Nilsson, Madelene. "En jämförelse mellan trästomme och betongstomme med klimatanpassad betong i utsläpp av koldioxidekvivalenter : En studie av hur stomsystem kan jämföras med hjälp av klimatdeklarationer." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekoteknik- och hållbart byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42953.
Full textThe Swedish government intends to introduce a legal requirement which means that builders in the business community who erect a building where a building permit is required from 1 January 2022 must submit a climate declaration. The climate declaration must state how much emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents the new building generates during the construction phase. This is a step towards reducing the emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents generated by the construction sector. The amount of material required for the building's climate screen, load-bearing structures and all interior walls must be included in the climate declaration. In this study, the amount of emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents is compared between a wooden frame and a concrete frame with climate-improved concrete. A specific building has been dimensioned in wood and in concrete, where the quantities of the various materials have been registered in the tool Byggsektorns miljöberäknings-verktyg, which is provided by IVL. The tool contains generic data on various materials' emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents, alternatively product_specific data from an EPD can be registered. When all material data has been registered in the tool, a climate declaration can be generated. The study shows that the building made of wooden frames has a climate impact with an emission of 108 kg carbon dioxide equivalents per square meter BTA. The concrete frame generates an emission of 153 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents per square meter of BTA, which is 42 percent more than the wooden frame. To compare different materials' generated emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents, data from the material's EPD can be used, as well as data on transport distances, waste and energy consumption at the construction site, which are the parameters registered in the Byggsektorns miljöberäkningsverktyg to obtain a climate declaration.
Betyg 2021-07-15
Beijbom, Daniel, and Fredrik Hög. "Vad är bostadskvalitet? : En jämförelse mellan boendes och arkitekters uppfattning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78082.
Full textHilton, Leo, and Muostafa Dawod. "Frågeställningar vid ombyggnation av kontorslokaler till bostäder : Håltagning i plastgjuten betong." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147178.
Full textThere is currently a shortage of residences in Stockholm, one solution is to build new residences. Another solution is to rebuilding office- and industrial buildings into residential units. Industrial areas are moving away from the city center and out to the suburbs. Reconstruct of old offices to new residences requires extensive teamwork between multiple actors. Such as urban planners, developers, architects, constructors and others. There are many aspects to consider when it comes to the remodeling of buildings. This report studies what a constructor should consider in the case of reconstruction. The authors will mainly study the concrete structures, more specifically the process of how new openings in bearing structures are done. Furthermore, how the construction is affected by the new openings for windows, doors or pipe- and elevator shafts and what risks there are to consider. To find answers for these questions the authors will interview several constructors and read relevant literature. The purpose of this report is to help future students, recent graduated engineers and constructors to get a better understanding of the important parts of the rebuilding process. The purpose of this report is to ease the work for companies when employing recent graduated engineers or constructors who do not have experience in the field. This will hopefully save them some time as they do not require as much guidance.
Hellgren, Oscar, and Emil Larsson. "TIDSÅTGÅNG VID STOMMONTAGE - En jämförelse mellan KL-träelement och platsgjuten betong." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-76609.
Full textCLT-elements are used as frame material in an increasing number of multi-dwelling buildings projects in Sweden, as it is still a relatively new method, it is interesting to investigate it more closely. In the choice of frame, construction time is often an important factor and therefore the assembly time is the basis for the comparison in the study. The purpose of this report is to provide more information prior to the choice by comparing a CLT-element frame with a cast concrete frame made with lattice girder system and half shell precast walls with regard to the time required for assembly. A literature survey has been carried out to analyze which factors influence the time spent on raising the two frame options. The planning tool Powerproject has been used to develop a time schedule for each frame. The time schedules have then been compared to see which framework alternative gives the least amount of production time. In order for the frames to be as comparable as possible, common property requirements have been set for bearing capacity, fire resistance, sound insulation and U-value. When the framework meets these requirements, the concrete is dried to 90 % relative humidity and subsequent activities can be started, the work with the frame is considered finished. The simulations of the timetables have been made for the project Norrstjärnan in Örebro, which has been used as a reference object. The times in the report are based on data provided by NCC. Based on the time schedules for the reference object, it is stated that the total time spent on a CLT-element frame is 125 working days and 169 working days for a concrete frame. This is a difference of 44 working days, which gives a percentage difference of about 35 %.
Khadra, Charbel, and Robin Möller. "En jämförelsestudie av två byggnadsstommar med avseende på deras klimatpåverkan & beständighet." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20740.
Full textThe introduction of climate declarations aims at minimizing the building sector's climate impact but earlier studies compare building frames by using declarations from two different buildings. This study focuses on creating two climate declarations in order to compare the concrete frame of a residential building with an alternative steel frame on the same building from a climate perspective. The steel frames’ effect on different building components thermal transmittance (U-value) and on the building’s durability are also analysed. The climate declarations in this study span over the Manufacture and Construction Process stages of the building’s life-cycle and are created with the use of the Construction Sector’s Environmental Calculation Tool and its built-in database. U-values for building components were calculated with Excel and a literature study was used to determine different building materials durability. The results from the climate declarations show that the concrete frame leads to a climate impact of 371,55 kg CO2eq/m2 gross floor area while the steel frame leads to an impact of 193,14 kg CO2eq/m2 gross floor area which corresponds to a reduction of the building's climate impact by 48 percent with the steel frame. The concrete frame accounts for the biggest amount of the building’s total climate impact while the foundation has the highest impact with the steel frame. The results from the U-value calculations show a decrease in the roof’s U-value from 0,137 to 0,104 W/m2K with the steel frame while the foundations U-value remains virtually unchanged (0,073 to 0,074 W/m2K). The comparison of the U-value for steel and concrete outer walls was inconclusive. According to the results from the literary study concrete was proved to be more durable and have better resistance to fire and humidity when compared to wood and steel and was considered to need little to no maintenance during a building’s lifespan.
Naser, Jarjis Luay, and Choobk Ratha Aldin. "Trä- och betongstommar i tvåvåningshus." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-37269.
Full textHashim, Fattah Mullah. "Jämförelse av trä- och betongstommar i flervåningshus." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25281.
Full textJönsson, Julia. "Utvärdering av den bärande tegel- och betongstommen i en byggnad från år 1916." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100879.
Full textExamensarbetet behandlar Eskilstunas post- och telegrafhus som är uppfört år 1916. Byggnadssättet för den specifika byggnaden samt byggnader i allmänhet från samma tid är beskrivet. Målet med arbetet är att få en uppfattning om hur huset är belastat och hur dess skick är idag. Baserat på detta kan möjligheter vid ombyggnad sedan undersökas och en anpassning till dagens krav kan ske. Husets bärande stomme består av tegelmurar i alla plan, pelare av betong, bjälklag i betong samt ett högt tak av trä. Väggarna är inte isolerade förutom av tegelmuren som vid byggnationen var den isolering som fanns att tillgå. Vissa delar av huset har förstärkts under åren men i övrigt är det sig likt från byggnationen år 1916. Under arbetets gång påträffades vissa intressanta konstruktionslösningar som studerats närmare. Betongbjälklagen innehåller sparkroppar av tegel som underlättade bygget på flera sätt. De innebär lättare bjälklag som ändå bär i stort sett lika mycket last som ett i endast betong. Materialet betong var nytt som bärande material i hus på 1910-talet och det finns tveksamheter kring hur väl betongen kunde blandas och hur bra hållfastheten därför är idag. I entréplan har det bärande systemet förstärkts med pelare och balkar i stål. Beräkningar visar att förstärkningen inte längre behövs så på 1930-talet, när förstärkningen gjordes, belastades bjälklaget ovan förmodligen av tunga maskiner. Förstärkningar kan medföra vissa problem i anslutningarna till det gamla bärande systemet, exempelvis kan lastbilden ha förändrats. Beräkningar är gjorda enligt eurokoder för att undersöka hur belastat huset är idag. Bärande yttervägg samt pelare i entréplan har valts ut då de anses mest belastade och våningshöjden är större här jämfört med i andra delar i huset. Resultatet är att kapaciteten i konstruktionen i allmänhet är stor, vilket är väntat i så tunga hus. Byggnader från samma tid är ofta överdimensionerade. Det som försvårar analysen av beräkningarna är osäkerheten i materialhållfasthet för både tegel och betong. Om de låga värden som ansågs gälla på 1910-talet används får ytterväggen för låg bärförmåga jämfört med dagens krav, vilket visar att försiktighet krävs gällande ytterligare belastning på väggen. Om ombyggnationer görs i liknande hus är risken att de anses så överdimensionerade att det inte finns någon risk med ytterligare pålastning. Resultatet här visar att det alltid är viktigt att undersöka de bärande delarnas kapacitet.
Stenberg, Anna. "Lufttäta klimatskal i prefabricerade betongstommar och pelar- balksystem med lätta utfackningsväggar." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159674.
Full textSweden's periodically very cold climate requires a building to be equipped with a sufficiently heat-insulating climate scale so that we can keep energy consumption down, ie maintain the energy supplied. According to the Energy Performance Directive, all new buildings built in the EU after 2020 must be close to zero energy buildings. Although the term has not yet been fully defined, it can be summarized that it is the Boverket, which specifies the requirements for energy conservation and thermal insulation. However, there are no specific requirements for measurable values regarding air density. It is now up to the builder to make demands and these are formulated in the program work. At new production, the inner airtight layer is devoted to a lot of time and attention. There are often standard solutions, but some details are more labor-intensive to solve and one of these is floor joints. However, consensus appears to exist regarding existing research on climate scale with heavy exterior walls such as sandwich elements. This type of construction has very good conditions for providing a sustained low transmission loss and good air tightness in the long run. Historically, the joints have been the weak point. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prerequisites for a standard solution in the steel / HD / F meeting against curtain walls with the aim of tightening this type of structural component. An investigation will also be made to get a better understanding of air tightness and diffusion density problems in the climate shell, partly in precast concrete buildings, as well as in post- beam structural systems with light curtain walls, to gain a better understanding of whether this can be derived from different stages of the construction process. Experiences from different professions were collected and evaluated against the existing theory. A total of 26 companies were interviewed either face to face or via email and telephone. The study shows that problems still arise in the joints between concrete elements. The interviewees testify to joints that crack, are defective, are difficult to access, and that the casting fails or is forgotten. So, even though the conditions are high for climate scale with heavy exterior walls to maintain a sustained low transmission loss and good air tightness, there is scope for further studies in this area. Among the suggestions given by those interviewed to a standard solution, one proposal appears more interesting than the others, and it is to supply the steel beams flanges with bitumen bands before the concrete bellows are put into place. However, how well this proposal works in practice remains to be seen. There are some very good ideas from the interviewees on how to best fit the plastic film to achieve maximum air tightness but there must basically be a balance between how insufficient information may be on a drawing and how much projectors and designers should expect craftsmen to solve on site.
Choobk, Ratha, and Luay Naser. "Trä – och betongstommar i tvåvånings småhus : En teknisk och ekonomisk jämförelse." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-37113.
Full textDet är ganska uppenbart att det byggs fler villor av trä än med betong i Sverige och det beror på att landet har mycket skog. Att bygga villor med trä har sina fördelar, tillexempel inga tunga konstruktioner att lyfta under konstruktionsfasen. Dock är trä ett organiskt material och det gör att det är känsligt för fukt, därför finns det också andra stomalternativ att bygga med, som t.ex. betong. Båda prefabricerade betongstommar och trästommar byggs i fabrik vilket minskar risken till att de utsätts för byggfukt eller kyla som i sin tur försämrar kvalitén på materialet. Skulle stommen konstrueras i den öppna omgivningen så finns det stor risk att stommen kan drabbas av byggfukt. För att skydda stommen mot fukt kan ett väderskydd monteras på stommen men det gör att projektet blir kostsamt och tar längre tid att bygga. Det slutliga målet med detta arbete är att redovisa de tekniska och ekonomiska skillnaderna mellan två olika stomalternativ och bestämma vilket stomalternativ som är lämpligast och mest lönsamt att använda vid byggnation av friliggande tvåvånings småhus. Den tekniska delen omfattar brandsäkerhet, fuktsäkerhet och ljud. Examensarbetet är baserat på en litteraturstudie, intervjuer med NM Bygg Ab i Norrköping och Peab i Västerås samt på uträkningar i mjukvaran Bidcon. Detta program användes för att beräkna skillnaderna på pris och byggtider mellan prefabricerade trä och betongstommar. Resultatet visade att prefabricerade betongstommar har bättre ljud-, brand- och fuktegenskaper jämfört med trästommar när det gäller de tekniska egenskaperna. Trots att betongstommar har dessa tekniska fördelar är det fortfarande möjligt att bygga med trästommar om de tekniska områdena behandlas med viss omsorg. Medan prismässigt har trästommen lägre totalkostand än betongstommen. Slutresultaten i detta examensarbete har visat att det finns skillnader mellan trä- och betongstommar när det gäller de tekniska och ekonomiska skillnaderna. Men båda alternativen uppfyller de förutsättningar och krav som behövs för att kunna bygga en tvåvånings småhus med tanke på bärförmåga, fuktsäkerhet och ljudisolering. Eftersom prefabricerade betongstommar har kortare byggtider då blir det lägre arbetsplatsomkostnader jämfört med trästommar. Bägge stommarna monteras på arbetsplatsen men det som skiljer dessa två stommar ifrån varandra är tid på montage och byggmaterialkostnaden. Prefabricerade trästommar har längre byggtid jämfört med prefabricerade betongstommar. Högre materialkostnad för betongstommen gör dock att betongstommen blir 155 000 kr dyrare än trästommen för det studerade småhuset med 156 m2 total golvarea (bruksarea). En viktig begränsning är att det här handlar om ett studerat exempel med ett antal specifika förutsättningar och förenklingar. I slutändan är det naturligtvis upp till beställaren att välja den lämpligaste stommen.
Hultén, Erik, and Adam Nilsson. "Jämförelseanalys av lastbärande betongstommar : En studie med avseende på tid & ekonomi." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31459.
Full textAro, Maikel, and Mattias Isak. "Jämförelse av två stomsystem för byggnader- skillnaden mellan trä- och betongstommar ur klimatpåverkansynpunkt." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92432.
Full textThe world is currently experiencing climate change and the largest factor to this are theincreases in greenhouse gas emissions caused by us humans. The construction industry inSweden contributes to about a fifth of the country’s total climate impact, hence it faces achallenging near future. There’s room for improvement within the construction industrythat can lead to reduced climate influence and today there are many courses of action thatcan further the progress towards an eco-friendlier industry.The life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool that’s used to measure the combined climateimpact of systems and products during their life cycle. Implementing one or multipleLCA’s on buildings allows the climate influence of the materials to be measured which inturn can be used to decrease the materials climate impact. The purpose of this thesis is toanalyze multiple studies which have used a life cycle analysis on buildings with concreteand wood frame systems in order to investigate which frame is more climate-smart, whythe frame that is less climate-smart is still in use and which material has the most impactA sorting process removed unuseful studies and left those that were the most fitting to thisthesis. The sorted studies were then compiled and conclusions and answers were made forthe questions at hand.The analyzed studies gave a clear indication that concrete frames had a larger emission ofCO2e. The reason for concrete frames still being in use even though the wood frame is aclimate friendlier option can be attributed to low demands for a lesser climate impact in theconstruction industry which in turn could be the cause for project managers not havingsufficient knowledge when it comes to frames and their climate impact. The most climatefriendly frame to build in is in some cases not the most optimal when it comes to thedesired construction’s function.In these cases, it is not optimal to build a construction with a wooden frame as thecharacter traits between concrete and wood are different, which results in the concreteframe being preferred. The total emissions from the two frames were compiled and thematerial that had the greatest impact on the climate from the concrete frame was the actualconcrete. However, it was not as clear for the wooden frame as it was different dependingon which stage of its life cycle that was considered. When the construction-phase wasconsidered the insulation had the largest climate impact but when the use-phase and thefinishing-phase was taken into account, the wood products had the largest emissions.
Persson, Anna, and Martin Strand. "Stabilisering av betongstommar : Beräkning av en ekvivalent beräkningsmodul med hänsyn till samverkande kort- och långtidslast." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125745.
Full textWhen considering stabilization of concrete structures it is difficult to assign a correct modulus of elasticity to the structure. This is due to the presence of both short- and long-term loads. In this thesis a detailed calculation of each vertical elements creep coefficient is performed, which takes into account the varying construction time. Furthermore short and long term loads with respective modulus of elasticity are analyzed to obtain an equivalent modulus of elasticity corresponding to the two previously mentioned. The equivalent modulus of elasticity is determined by the relationship between the buckling resistance of the structure, initial imperfections and the wind load acting on the building. The equivalent modulus of elasticity is the basis for a more accurate input for stability calculations and is presented in graphs that can be used in the practice of engineering. Unless otherwise stated, calculations are performed according to Eurocode 2.Unless otherwise stated, the figures are drawn by the authors.
Bouveng, Sellin Gabriel, and Torbjörn Rosdahl. "KL-trä eller betong som stommaterial : Hur en lägenhet påverkas när den projekterade betongstommen byts ut till KL-trä." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302424.
Full textCross-laminated timber (CLT) is a relatively new material on the market compared to concreteand has become increasingly interesting to use as a frame material in multi-storey buildings asknowledge of the material increases. CLT consists of slats in wood that are glued in layerswhere each layer is glued in the opposite direction, which means that the entire board has aload-bearing capacity in several directions. CLT as a frame material requires special skills andthe project is designed to use the material at an early stage in the construction process, whichmeans that many players choose a different material. Therefore, it feels relevant to investigatewhether CLT can be adapted and used in a frame that is designed for concrete from thebeginning and then compare how an apartment in the project is affected. The drawings of a reference project with a concrete frame were obtained from JM for use incomparative purposes. The execution was done one step at a time by first conducting aliterature study on CLT to investigate dimensioning methods and design for the new frame.This was done to be able to meet the same requirements as the reference project. Then acalculation of cumulative loads and dimensioning was done with the help of FEM-Design andCalculatis supported by manual calculations. The third and final step was to obtain thematerial cost using Wikell's sektionsdata. The results show that the frame in CLT can be dimensioned without major problems towithstand the same load-bearing capacity as concrete, which it can handle even in smallerdimensions. CLT has certain limitations when it comes to the element’s length of span andlarge dimensions that are difficult to transport. The most problematic part of working withCLT turned out to be dimensioning the frame to meet the fire and sound requirements becauseit required much larger dimensions than the frame in concrete. This was shown in the materialcost, where all the extra material to meet the requirements together with the frame becamemore expensive than the concrete. Furthermore, it also led to less ceiling height and floorspace for the apartment that this study looked at. The conversion of the frame from concrete to CLT proved, in this study, to have its limitations.When using the material in new housing projects that are designed with CLT in mind from thebeginning, there is a good opportunity to utilize the material's advantages while taking intoaccount the disadvantages.
Afshar, Samim, and Youssef Alaoui. "Jämförelser mellan massivträ- och betongstommar i flerbostadshus : Bedömning av byggtid, väderkänslighet, arbetsmiljö, bekant byggteknik, installation, projektering, spännvidder, flexibilitet, brandsäkerhet, ljudisolering och fuktsäkerhet." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192812.
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