Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bétons'
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Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160/document.
Full textThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160.
Full textThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Roussel, Yanéric. "Bétons autoplaçants avec fibres comme matériau de réparation du béton." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0030/MQ67323.pdf.
Full textMastori, Helena. "Mécanismes de dégradation des bétons lors de l'interaction corium-béton." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0069.
Full textThis thesis deals with the characterization of siliceous (S) and limestone-siliceous (SC) concretes when exposed to high temperatures. The understanding of the degradation of their properties, in advance of the melt front, is the hypothesis that motivates this work since it could bring new avenues to interpret the results of these experiments. Samples that have never been in contact with molten metals/oxides were first studied. Thermo-gravimetry, mercury intrusion porosimetry and complex impedancemetry were used to describe their properties after they were subjected to temperatures up to 1000°C. Thermo-gravimetric analyses allowed the identification of temperature domains in which specific degradation mechanisms are activated. Those of porosimetry showed that porous volumes and typical pore sizes increase significantly with the temperature. It is also demonstrated that at 1000°C, the exchange surface of SC concretes is twice as large as that of Sconcretes. Finally, the high tortuosity obtained by impedancemetry suggests a topology of porous networks of great complexity. In a second part of this thesis, the studied concrete samples were previously in contact with molten metals and/or oxides. They were analysed by X-ray tomography or scanning electron microscopy. No phenomenon of impregnation of the metal/oxide phases could be observed. Signatures of possible phenomena of percolation of these phases by decarbonation mechanisms have however been demonstrated
Sedran, Thierry. "Rhéologie et rhéometrie des bétons : Application aux bétons autonivelants." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENPC9905.
Full textBecause knowledge of the flow properties of concrete has become essential with the advent of fluid concretes, the LCPC has developed the BTRHEOM concrete rheometer. In this work, we carried out a critical analysis of the first version of the device and improved it. The BTRHEOM has proved to be a good tool for detecting faults in concrete formulations. In a final section, we verified that the models are relevant for self-levelling concretes, the spread of which can then be predicted satisfactorily. A complete metrology system has also been developed to characterise these materials in greater detail: the BRTHEOM has been adapted to measure their flow properties in a confined environment, their resistance to blocking has been quantified using the L-box test and segregation has been measured on split specimens (the development of a rapid segregation test on fresh concrete, based on measuring the penetration of a ball into the concrete, proved disappointing). Thanks to an analysis based on granular concepts, we are able to propose prediction models for all these properties, as well as a rational and practical approach to formulating self-levelling concretes, which now needs to be validated more widely. [Traduction via logiciel automatique du résumé en français]
Frohard, Fabien. "Durabilité des éco-bétons : Impact des additions cimentaires alternatives sur la corrosion des armatures dans les bétons armés." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7927.
Full textGrampeix, Guillaume, and Guillaume Grampeix. "Vibration des bétons." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975153.
Full textGrampeix, Guillaume. "Vibration des bétons." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1179/document.
Full textIn the field of construction, concrete is the most used material. In order to facilitate the casting process, concretes are liquefied punctually following the successive insertion of an internal vibrating poker. Despite the introduction of very fluid to self-compacting concrete, ordinary concrete represents more than 90% of the mix-design used on building sites. However, international recommendations are based on studies carried out during the first half of last century. Thus, we choose to investigate theses recommendations in order to incorporate the current progress on the rheology of cementitious materials. From a study of the literature, we establish the relationship between the mechanical properties of vibrating poker and the fresh behavior of concrete. Then, in chapter two, we determine, for which consistency, the vibration is really needed. Thereafter, we develop a simple analytical model to predict the diameter of action of internal poker and we compare two configurations of casting. Finally, we propose a minimum time of vibration required for compaction of the material and a maximum time to ensure a surface quality
Kaplan, Denis. "Pompage des bétons." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENPC9928.
Full textWith recent progresses in concrete mix-design, a number of problems have been encountered in the area of pumping. In this contect, the aims of this thesis were the following : a) to analyse physical phenomena underlying the occurrence of blockages in pumping networks ; b) to develop a practical methodology, based on simple tests, leading to an evaluation of the pumpability of a given concrete in a given pumping systems ; c) to develop an instrument capable of characterising the steel-concrete interface and to develop models for the calculation of the flow rate/pressure relationship ; d) to validate the proposed models with tests carried out at the industrial scale. For our tests we used a variety of sixty-eight different concrete mixtures. We developed two new instruments : a) the modified air-meter (to assess the bleeding rate of fresh concrete) ; b) the coaxial cylinder tribometer, a large-gap coaxial viscometer devoted to the test of steel/concrete interface. Thanks to the analysis of test results, it was possible to understand that pumpabiity (as related to blockages) is not an intrinsic characteristics of the concrete mix alone, but is rather governed by several parameters among which the concrete mixture, the pumping system and the process are found. We established a classification of the blockages and we proposed models to explain their fomation. The results was to reach a set of practical recommendations to lessen the risks of blockages. The tests demonstrated the importance of the steel-concrete interface, where a slipping layer takes place. We proposed a predictive model for the pumping of concrete, based upon measurements of the interface and rheological parameters, measured with the new tribometer and the BTRHEOM rheometer, respectively. Finally, we have succeeded in characterising a concrete in the laboratory to predict the pumping parameters. This can reduce problems arising at the work site with new types of mixtures as high performance or self-compacting concrete
Hwang, Soo-Duck. "Performance des bétons autoplaçants développés pour la réparation des infrastructures en béton." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1786.
Full textHu, Chong. "Rhéologie des bétons fluides." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523283.
Full textJosserand, Laurent. "Ressuage des bétons hydrauliques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005679.
Full textLe travail présenté dans ce document a pour objectif de comprendre le phénomène, de le modéliser et de le relier à la formulation du matériau. Toutefois, l'effet de paramètres extérieurs à la formulation a aussi été étudié (effet d'échelle, température, qualité du malaxage). Ces études ont nécessité le développement d'un protocole expérimental de mesure du ressuage. Celui-ci consiste à prélever l'eau ressuée dans des sillons préalablement tracés à la surface du béton. Ce protocole a été validé par des essais de répétabilité.
Il apparaît que le ressuage correspond à une consolidation du matériau granulaire sous son poids propre. Une amélioration de la modélisation de ce phénomène décrit par TOORMAN est proposée, prenant en compte la diminution dans le temps de la compressibilité du squelette granulaire. Cette prise en compte permet une description correcte des effets d'échelle rencontrés sur l'amplitude du phénomène. D'un autre côté, la compressibilité du squelette granulaire est appréhendée par la mise au point d'un oedomètre-perméamètre.
En revanche, concernant le débit initial d'eau ressuée, aucun effet d'échelle n'est relevé sauf dans le cas de formation de chenaux verticaux d'écoulement. Une adaptation du modèle de KOZENY-CARMAN est proposée pour la prévision de ce débit. Le modèle est alors validé sur 53 formules contenant principalement des bétons et des mortiers. Il pourra constituer dans l'avenir un outil intéressant pour la formulation de béton.
Ben, Othmane Mohamed Ali. "Etude de bétons silico-calcaires." Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0031.
Full textThe calcium silicate materials are obtained by careful mixed dosage of Lime and quartz crushed then molded by compression and acted on by vapour inside an autoclave. Using a sand-reference, the study shows that mechanical strengths of calcium silicate concrete increase proportionally with the intensity of pressing of fresh mix, and with the lime/sand (Ca(OH)2)/Si02) ratio. We note that for each pressings Level corresponds an optimum of lime for which the compressive strength is maximum. The hydrated calcium silicate CC-S-H) which is formed is probably the C2 S Ho,35· It is badly crystallised but nevertheless is detectable by X diffraction. The quantity of C-S-H formed and the mechanical characteristics depend of the sand (reference or two Tunisian sands Boujafar and Kledia) and of the conservation's conditions : air at 20°C, 60° c and water at 60°C. The study of the density, the capillary absorption and the compressive elasticity modulus permits, with the mechanical strengths, to locate the calcium silicate concrete in the area of materials
Assié, Stéphan. "Durabilité des bétons auto-plaçants." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0024.
Full textThe building industry is turning increasingly to the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in order to improve many aspects of building construction: SCC offers several advantages in technical, economic, environmental and human terms. However, there are still some problems with regard to its durability, in terms of physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this research project was to study various durability characteristics of self-compacting concrete compared with reference samples of vibrated concrete (VC) with similar compressive strength, from 20 to 60 MPa. For this purpose, SCC and VC mixes were prepared using the same ingredients in identical proportions (except for the high performances concrete), the only difference being that calcareous filler and more superplasticizer was used for the SCC mixes and the possible use of a viscosity agent. Tests carried out on these samples revealed that creep was slightly higher for SCC and that there was no significant difference in the other mechanical (elasticity modulus, shrinkage) and physico-chemical properties (oxygen permeability, chloride diffusion, water absorption, carbonation and leaching by ammonium nitrate) of the two types of concrete
Kateb, Mohamed Lamine. "Utilisation des granulats de verre dans la fabrication des bétons architecturaux "cas des briques en bétons"." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1491.
Full textFaubert, Jean-Philippe. "Valorisation de particules fines dans les bétons compactés au rouleau et les bétons moulés à sec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10147.
Full textChopin, David. "Malaxage des bétons à hautes performances et des bétons auto-plaçants : optimisation du temps de fabrication." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2018.
Full textSince about twenty years, concrete is no more the combination of four basics materials. The use of numerous admixtures has become more and more common. These reasons induce the necessity of a new approach of concrete production processes. A particular point, which has been highlighted by the industrial production of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and High-Performance Concrete (HPC), is the longer mixing time needed for these concretes
Toma, Grazia. "Comportement des bétons au jeune âge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/NQ55826.pdf.
Full textBlais, Simon. "Étude sur l'utilisation des bétons à retrait compensé dans le domaine de réparations minces de béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27521/27521.pdf.
Full textDjebri, Boualem. "Sur le comportement des bétons (bétons hydrauliques et de fibres métalliques) et leur modélisation sous sollicitations multiaxiales." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0059.
Full textThe behaviour of concretes under multiaxial loads have been studied for several years now, of new calculation technique ( structuring calculation for example) calls for a better modelling of the behaviour 0f concretes, In this field, this work is composed of a bibliographic study and an experimental study under biaxial loads which allows to understand and Pinpoint the mechanisms of cracks in concretes (usual concretes and reinforced. With metallic fibres) in those cases of loading. Lastly, we used numerical simulations in order to validate different types of behaviour. In relation with the results obtained in our experiments
Frohard, Fabien. "Durabilité des éco-bétons : impact d'additions cimentaires alternatives sur la corrosion des armatures dans les bétons armés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1170/document.
Full textThe use of locally available resources is a major concern for construction sector when it comes to sustainable development. In the case of concrete, a variety of by-products is currently being investigated for use as cementitious materials so as to develop concrete made out of alternatives resources. The present study intends to assess the performance of four kinds of by-products on corrosion-related properties in reinforced concrete. Glass powder, paper mill fly ashes, sewage sludge ashes or calcined sediments exhibit a mineral nature compatible with the medium of concrete. In terms of corrosion concerns, the concrete act as an alkaline medium that enable steel passivity and as a transport barrier that limits deleterious elements ingress (mainly chlorides, carbon dioxide). Thus, the use of alternative cementitious materials should enable the passivation of steel and should also provide a densification to the cover in order to limit contaminants ingress toward steel vicinity. The electrochemical properties of steel in contact with cementitious additions were characterized and the transfer properties of concrete were investigated. The use of these materials has an insignificant impact on the behavior of steel. However, the concrete cover has significant influence on both chloride and carbon dioxide ingress as well as on the corrosion kinetic of reinforcement. The reactivity of the cementitious materials impacts the transfer properties which control the kinetic of contamination of concretes and the corrosion process of non-passive steel
Zennir, Abdelmalek. "Bétons calcaires en Lorraine : utilisation des granulats du bajocien de Viterne (54) pour la formulation de bétons courants." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10090.
Full textPerraton, Daniel. "La perméabilité aux gaz des bétons hydrauliques." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0044.
Full textGirard, Sébastien. "Étude du bilan déformationnel des bétons projetés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26357.
Full textThis project was carried out at Laval University and aim to measure volume changes in shotcrete. Premature repair work deterioration has become a major focus in the last two decades. This study was undertaken to ensure an improvement in the shotcrete repair work in order to avoid the most common concrete pathology, cracking. The performance of a repaired concrete structure, and thus its service life, depends on the quality of the composite (the repair material) and the existing substrate. When subjected to drying, the restrained composite undergoes significant internal stress increase that couldin many casesleads to the development of tensile cracks. This study validates the use of the restrained ring test AASHTO PP34-99 to evaluate the sensitivity to cracking of shotcrete repair materials. The document is divided into several sections. In the first place, an introduction of the volume changes in concrete brings the basic language and knowledge necessary to understand this study. Secondly, there is a discussion on the proposed modified method (and its validation) used to produce reliable test results. Following this, many concrete mixtures are tested in order to evaluate the major factors affecting crack sensitivity of shotcrete materials where half of them are tested in a so-called real repair work.
Di, Murro Hélène. "Mécanismes d’élaboration de la microstructure des bétons." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS048.
Full textThe hydration study of model cement, constituted of alite, C3A, gypsum, permit to quantify the chemical parameters of the mechanics hardening. We studied the interaction of nucleation-growth crystalline and diffusion processes to elaborate the microstructure of cement paste. We observed the evolution of the hydration reaction function of parameters (gypsum size, polyphased anhydrous grains…), the measurement of the mechanics of hydrates, the concentration gradient of ions in the matrix, the study of interaction force and the mechanics properties of the cement phase. We used almost techniques of analyse as calorimetry, DRX, ATG, MEB coupled with EDS analysis, AFM, and nanoindentation. We also developed a nanoprobe of conductimetry based on the local probe microscopy techniques of nanometric resolution to observe the diffusion gradient at nanometric scale
Le, Vinh-An. "Comportement des bétons autoplaçants par temps chaud." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2296/.
Full textThe self-compacting ability, or ability of the fresh concrete to flow under the effect of gravity without external energy (vibration) is obtained by using more components in comparison with conventional vibrated concrete, including mineral additions and at least one chemical addition of superplasticizer types. The complex interactions between these components leading to the self-compactibility has been previously demonstrated and controlled at the temperature conditions in the laboratory. The objective of this work is to characterize the self-compactibility in temperature conditions prevalent in hot weather situation and to know what are the consequences of these thermal conditions on the properties of the cured concrete. The experimental program reproduced in the laboratory the conditions of hot weather concreting, during the preparation of the mixture and the maturation of control specimens which are usually done on site. The study parameters are the initial temperature of the concrete, the means to maintain the self-compacting ability obtained at a temperature of 20°C (addition of water or overdose of superplasticizer), the conservation of specimens and the concrete design. The obtained results show that the means to maintain the self-compatibility at high initial temperature does not induce significant changes in the concrete compactness. As a result, the properties in the hardened state are equal or better than those measured at 20°C. Conservation of specimens at a high temperature during the first 24 hours which simulates non-standard conditions does not alter the properties. A more detailed analysis taking into account the maturity, the compactness and the characteristics of hydration (amount of hydrates and kinetics) allows highlighting the advantages of using a matrix with a high content of limestone filler. Finally, the results confirm some literature data and show that the effects of high temperature on the properties of BAP are not as detrimental as those obtained on conventional vibrated concrete. However, the existing recommendations for hot weather concreting should always be considered, and the respect of these recommendations makes it possible to avoid excessive delayed strain under loading observed in the case of the BAP incorporating a ternary binder (clinker, limestone filler and slag) when mixed and matured at high temperature
Broda, Mickaël. "Détermination de l'énergie d'activation des bétons par voie calorimétrique et mécanique : développement d'un calorimètre isotherme pour béton." Artois, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ARTO0201.
Full textThe mechanical properties of concrete evolve in the course of time. This is the consequence of the chemical reactions which proceed during the hydration of the binder. As this one is overall exothermic, the follow-up of the quantity of released heat makes it possible to account for the kinetics of reaction. The devices adapted to concrete being very few, we developed our own isothermal calorimeter accepting 11x22 cm standardized cylindrical samples. After the calibration and the validation of the device, we passed to the second phase of our work which consisted in studying the reaction kinetics and parameters influencing the hydration. We thus studied five compositions of concretes and three compositions of Equivalent Concrete Mortars. The last phase of our work relates to the introduction of calorimetric measurements into maturity measurement studies. Indeed, the economic stakes related to the in situ forecast of young concrete strength are important. The maturity measurement is one of the techniques allowing to estimate this size. It is based on the concepts of "maturity" and "equivalent age", and on the Arrhenius' law which introduces the apparent activation energy parameter. It can be determined by the method of "superposition" from the curves of compressive strength obtained for various temperatures. However, this mode of determination is tiresome. For compositions of concrete and MBE, representative of those concerned with maturity measurement studies, we have compared the calorimetric and mechanical approaches of determination of Ea, and have shown that the calorimetric way can advantageously replace the mechanical way for the determination of this parameter
Yammine, Joumana. "Rhéologie des bétons fluides à hautes performances : relations entre formulations, propriétés rhéologiques, physico-chimie et propriétés mécaniques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482782.
Full textLe, Tuan Hung. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement des bétons." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066428.
Full textYssorche, Marie-Pierre. "Microfissuration et durabilité des bétons à hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0008.
Full textMathias, Vincent. "Recyclage des fraisats d'enrobés dans les bétons routiers." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2113.
Full textHadjieva-Zaharieva, Roumiana. "Durabilité des bétons à base de granulats recyclés." Artois, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ARTO0205.
Full textFarahmandpour, Chia. "Modélisation et simulation du comportement des bétons confinés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066550/document.
Full textFor the past two decades, externally bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) has gained much popularity for seismic rehabilitation of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. In this technique, FRP wrap installed on the surface of a column acts as lateral confinement and enhance the strength and deformation capacity of the concrete element. Although many experimental works have been devoted to the study of confining effect of FRP on the behavior of RC columns, the numerical simulation of FRP-jacketed RC columns remains a challenging issue due to the lack of appropriate constitutive model for confined concrete. In this study, a damage plastic model is developed to predict the behavior of concrete under triaxial stress states. The proposed model takes into account different material behavior such as irreversible strain, damage due to microcracking, confinement sensitivity and dilation characteristic. A straightforward identification process of all model’s parameters is then presented. The identification process is applied to different normal strength concrete. The validity of the model is then demonstrated through confrontation of experimental data with simulations considering active confined concrete and FRP confined concrete with a wide range of confinement stiffness. The proposed constitutive model is also compared with other models from the literature and the distinguishing features of this new model are discussed. Furthermore, the capacity of the model in the three-dimensional finite element analysis of full-scale RC columns is demonstrate and discussed
Lessard, Jean-Martin. "Optimisation des cendres volantes et grossières de biomasse dans les bétons compactés au rouleau et dans les bétons moulés à sec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8831.
Full textAbstract : Since the early twentieth century, the production of dry concrete is an important industry for infrastructure development including the construction of dams, core dikes, and pavements using roller-compacted concrete, and precast masonry blocks, bricks, pavers using dry-cast concrete. The sustainability thereof can be improved by reducing its consumption of Portland cement and natural aggregates using cementitious supplementary cementitious materials and alternative granular materials, respectively. Moreover, many industrial by-products and other mineral additions not meeting the requirements for conventional concrete have been success-fully used in such concrete. The biomass ashes are promising supplementary materials for dry concrete applications. These ashes are produced in a cogeneration plant of the pulp and paper industry following the burn-ing of their wastewater treatment sludge, their de-inking sludge, and other wood residues. The biomass fly ash (BFA) have a similar finesse in the cement and they also have a potential poz-zolanic reactivity. They may therefore replace part of the cement used in concrete formula-tions. The biomass bottom ashes (BBA) have a particle size close to that of a fine sand. They can be use to replace a portion of the natural aggregates. Although the physicochemical proper-ties and interactions with cement have been studied since the early 2000s, very few commer-cial or industrial applications have been developed. This research project aims at studying and optimizing the BFA content as an alternative sup-plementary cementitious materials and the BBA content as an alternative fine aggregates in the production of roller-(RCC) and paver-compacted concrete (PCC) for industrial pavements and dry-cast concrete (DCC) for the manufacture of pavers. Formulations incorporating substitu-tion rates of cement up to 30% by BFA and of the sand up to 100% by BBA were evaluated for each of the mentioned applications. This optimization work was carried out with concrete water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.32, 0.35 and 0.37. The fresh properties (workability and com-pactness), hardened properties (compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting-tensile strength) and transport properties (water absorption, permeable voids and electrical resistivity) up to 91 days were measured for all concrete mixtures. The optimal w/b, paste content and replacement rates were also combined and optimized in order to maximize the biomass fly and bottom ashes content, in a single formulation. The results of concrete mixtures made with 10% and 20% BFA with 50% BBA showed 23% and 29% higher flexural strength than the limits required for practical use of RCC, respective-ly. These two RCC mixtures were selected for the assessment of in situ behaviors through the construction of a storage slab of 792 m² per 300 mm thick using standard practices. Core sam-ples were cut from the slabs at age of 28 and 308 days for follow-up of the concrete behavior with time. The compressive strength of the cores at an age of 308 days reached 33 and 30 MPa for the two tested mixtures, respectively. The DCC mixtures made with 5%, 10%, or 15% BFA and 25% of BBA can reach a compact-ness index of 99% with a compaction work lower than specified by the Standards. The use of the BFA and BBA lead to small decrease of the compressive strength, however they can result in very low permeability and water absorption values lower than required by the specifications (close to 5%). This research presents a potential market for recycling biomass fly and bottom ashes from the pulp and paper industry in dry concrete as alternative supplementary cementitious materials or fine aggregates. This approach can provide a significant contribution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of this type of concrete and with the managements of by-products from the pulp and paper industry.
Munoz, Philippe. "Rhéologie des bétons durcis : approche couplée de la modélisation des retraits et fluages de bétons à hautes et très hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0004.
Full textLoranger, François. "Caractérisation de matériaux recyclés (bétons, enrobés et fondations granulaires) et évaluation de leur performance dans les bétons conventionnels et compactés au rouleau." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60643.pdf.
Full textWilson, William. "Bétons durables à base de cendres d'écorces de riz." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6218.
Full textHaidar, Murhaf. "Optimisation et durabilité des micro-bétons à base d’époxyde." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0572/document.
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Lepesqueux, Étienne. "Comportement des bétons autoplaçants préparés avec des granulats légers." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1600.
Full textThummen, Frédéric. "Propriétés mécaniques et durée de vie de bétons réfractaires." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0027/these.pdf.
Full textRefractories are responsible for high and recurrent costs in CFB (Circulating Fluidised Bed) power plants. The major origins of the degradations of these materials are caused by thermal shocks and constrained dilatation during the different temperature cycles. The purpose of this study is first to better describe the mechanical behaviour and the damage of these refractories – which is still mostly unknown – and then to develop some damage prediction techniques. We have studied through non destructive techniques (acoustic emission, ultrasounds) the damage of two refractory concretes during 4-point bending tests, compression tests and tensile tests as well as their behaviour in fatigue. In order to be able to predict the service life of these materials in fatigue, we used a simple power law phenomenological model. This allowed to predict the time to failure as function of cycle amplitude and maximum stress. Acoustic emission appears to be a reliable indicator of the damage. Moreover, the acoustic emission data processing by a classificator (k-mean) enables us to separate the useful signal from the background noise. This analysis appeared effective in laboratory and simulated industrial environment. Lastly, the modeling of the lifetime in fatigue enabled us to propose various damage mechanisms during the fatigue test
Khelil, Nacim. "Traitements électrochimiques des bétons atteints de réaction sulfatique interne." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2532/.
Full textSulfate Attack (ISA) is a chemical reaction that occurs in concrete in hardened state. Considered as a pathology, it can be the cause of grave damages on concrete structures. Indeed, ISA-prone structures, exhibit deleterious expansions whose mechanisms are both complex and depending on numerous factors which can be environmental (outside temperature, humidity), or inherent in the materials (hydration temperature, cement/concrete composition). Although, known since the 90s, several questions still remain pending. In order to provide some innovative answers to better understand the pathology, we, in this research have designated ??a number of objectives, which are firstly to attempt to better "understand" the ISA pathology, and secondly to find ways of electrochemical treatments, ISA-accelerating on the one hand, to facilitate study in laboratory, and then the other, and ISA-curative on the other hand in order to stop damages. So in order to meet our primary prerogative of understanding the phenomena of ISA, a number of experimental setups have been implemented in laboratory; they essentially focused on the study of different cements (subjected to heat treatments) at the microscopic level, through SEM observations of concrete samples, XRD analyses of cement paste samples, or semi adiabatic-calorimetry on standardized mortars; as well as at macroscopic scale, through expansions measurements. Post-treatment (14d) expansion monitoring, showed the rapid onset of the expansions and their high amplitudes, while expansions remain roughly low and slow in the case 24h, regardless of the cements tested, even enriched with Na2SO4. Calorimetry showed marked differences in cements reactivity, in correlation with the XRD observations, highlighting the effect of mineralogy and the type of heat treatment on the development of ISA. To meet the prerogatives of prevention and healing, innovative tests, very little used in the case of ISA study were established. The whole set-up is based on the principle of alkalis migration under an electric field to or from the material to be treated. The results of studies conducted after the accelerated tests on the concretes "prevention" show no significant acceleration of the expansions due to the electrochemical treatment and that, whatever the nature of the chosen treatment solution. The results obtained after the curative realkalinisation treatments "healing" show for their part, a definite slowing down of expansions post-treatment whatever the intensity / duration of the applied electrochemical treatment, without however curbing the expansion phenomenon of ISA (subsistence of residual expansions)
Balayssac, Jean-Paul. "Relations entre performances mécaniques, microstructure et durabilité des bétons." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0010.
Full textBurlion, Nicolas. "Compaction des bétons : éléments de modélisation et caractérisation expérimentale." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0021.
Full textHamzaoui, Abderrahmane. "Contribution à l'étude des déformations différées des bétons autonivelants." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0053.
Full textSelf leveling concrete or SLC, are special concrete, very fluid, that put in place and squeeze under the alone effect of the gravity, therefore without internal or external vibration contribution. They contain generally an important fine materials volume that classic concrete and often an agent of viscosity. The scope of this study is a contribution to the study oh time dependent deformations of the self leveling concretes subjected to sealed curing and air - dried curing. The study has been comparative: tests have been carried out similarly on self leveling concrete containing 370 kg/m3 of fine materials and an ordinary concrete containing 340 kg/m3 of fine materials. It has been observed that the behavior of self leveling concrete is similar to that the ordinary concrete. Tests creep have been equally undertaken on a self leveling concrete containing an important quantity of fine materials (600 kg/m3) and a self leveling concrete containing 110 kg/m3 of limestone ground ( 370 kg/m3), under a rate of loading of 30 %. Basic creep of concrete containing 600 kg/m3 f fine materials has proven higher to that of concrete containing 370 kg/m3of fine materials. However, for air-dried conditions, the creep of concrete containing 600 kg/m3 of fine materials are lower to that of concrete containing 370 kg/m3 of fine materials. Furthermore, a basic creep of concrete containing 600 kg/m3 of fine materials is close to a creep obtained in air - dried conditions. What means the disappearance of drying creep, caused by moisture Joss under constant stress. Finally, experimental shrinkage and creep values of self leveling concrete have been compared to values obtained from a model: CEB-FIP 1990, BPEL 1991, and from a model of BAZANT
Maximilien, Sandrine. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement rhéologique des bétons fluides." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0002.
Full textThe great potential of super-plasticizers as high range water reducing agents brings some disadvantages to job sites where concrete is placed at flowing consistency. Super-plasticizers act as dispersing agents. But the presence of a super-plasticizer does not prevent the loss of workability with time. In order to characterize the effects of sulfonated naphthalene or melamine formaldehyde condensates a specific mortar was developed such that its rheological behavior correlates that of a flowing concrete. An other kind of raw material was studied : a vinylic polymer. As well as combinations melamine – vinylic polymer and naphthalene - vinylic polymer. Mortars were elaborated with four different cements. Ali the measurements on mortars were carried out using a new "rheometer mixer". At the same time. The effects of these super-plasticizers on the hydra ti on mechanisms were investigated by means of conductimetry. Isothermal calorimetry and analysis of the pore solution. Results of the rheological study showed that all the couples cement – super-plasticizer present different behaviours. Except the vinylic polymer ones. With this polymer. The rheological behavior is not linked to the nature of the cement. With super-plasticizers. Hydration reactions of cement arc more or less delayed. Leaving more free water available. This free water gives to mortar or concrete the flowing consistency researched. Cement-admixture interactions are very complex. It is therefore difficult to control the hydration of cement with super-plasticizer in order to control the evolution of the rheological behavior of the flowing concrete with time
Bouali, Emna. "Formulation des bétons lourds , Application dans les fondations profondes." Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1055.
Full textHeavy concretes are special concretes of high density, which is almost 3000 kg/m3 instead of 2350 kg/m3 in the case of ordinary concretes. Usually, they are used as shields against ionizing radiation at nuclear facilities, which allows the construction of load-bearing structures providing protection against Gamma and other radioactive rays. They are also used as ballast in structures requiring a high weight. Aggregates and heavy additions are used for the manufacture of these concretes such as barite, hematite, magnetite, ferrous waste, granules of iron and steel, thanks to their particular properties such as high density, low abrasivity and chemical neutrality. This study deals with the influence of these additions used on the rheological (plastic viscosity and yield stress) and mechanical behavior of the heavy concretes made in order to highlight the effect of the density of the additions on the behavior of the concretes. The results obtained showed that the increase in the addition percentage (from 38% to 54%) causes an increase in the plastic viscosity and the yield stress. The main objective of this research is to study the feasibility of using these heavy concretes in deep foundations specifically in the concreting of bentonite-bored piles. In order to meet this objective, equivalent tests have been set up through the development of a device that simulates the concreting techniques applied at construction sites. Numerical simulations of concreting bentonite-bored piles have been performed using Comsol Multiphysics, through which the influence of rheological parameter and density of concretes was studied. It has been shown that increasing the concrete density from 2435 kg/m3 to 3064 kg/m3, increases the evacuated volume of drilling fluid
Armengaud, Julie. "Optimisation des propriétés des bétons projetés par voie sèche." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30250/document.
Full textSprayed concrete is a concrete pneumatically projected onto a surface at high velocity. Dry-mix shotcrete is a process in which dry constituents are introduced into the machine and conveyed through a hose to the nozzle, where the water is added. This process is used in various civil engineering or construction projects; unfortunately, it can lead to high losses of concrete due to rebound (up to 40% of the total mass of material). Such losses induce overconsumption of material, which is damaging for the cost of the work and for the environment. Rebound depends on technicals parameters and mix design. The present work focuses on rebound reduction and also on durability enhancement by modification of the mix design. The influence of aggregate size distribution, water content and supplementary cimentitious material is studied. An analytical approach of rebound phenomenon is also implemented
Le, Roy Robert. "Déformations instantanées et différées des bétons à hautes performances." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529739.
Full textLe, Roy Robert. "Déformations instantanées et différées des bétons à hautes performances." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9534.
Full textThis thesis proposes two types of modelling, together with a long series of experimental date, for the instantaneaous and time-dependent strains of high performance concrete. The first model deals with instantaneous, autogenous shrinkage and basic creep deformations of high performance concrete with respect to mix-design parameters. To the end, a homogenization approach based on Hashin’s spheres model for the modulus, is adopted and modified to take into account the effective maximum packing density of the aggregates. This leads to a three-sphere model. After justification, the Poisson’s ratio of each phase is set at a constant value of 0,2. This model is consequently applied to calculate the long-term amplitude of autogenous shrinkage and basic-creep. The creep results obtained are compared with visco-elastic calculation, which allows the adopted approach to be confirm. The main mix-design parameters are taken into account (water/cement ratio, silica fume/cement ratio, aggregate concentration, maximum packing density of the agregate, cement strength). The second research part deals with a simplified model for design code purposes. It allows the calculation of high performance concrete strains as a function of time, and a limited number of parameters. In particular it accounts for the self-dessication, the maturity and the strength of the concrete at the loading time. This model was validated against extensive experimental data, covering the marurity rang from sixteen hours to two years. The model was established within the framework of the French Structures and Materials Research Association (AFREM) and is proposed in addition to the French Prestressed Concrete French Code (BPEL) for concrete covering the strength range from 40 to 80 Mega-Pascals
Sebaïbi, Nassim. "Valorisation des composites thermodurcissables issus du recyclage dans une matrice cimentaire : application aux bétons à ultra-haute performance." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0201/document.
Full textThe project of research presented in this thesis, focuses on the conception and characterization an Fibre and Powder Reinforced Concrete (FPRC). These reinforcements (fibers and Powder) are recycled from thermoset composite parts (polyester matrix/fiber glass) from the automotive sector (iNoPLAST, France). In this research project, all important aspects needed for the development and application of Fibre and Powder Reinforced Concrete have been considered. In total six mixtures, with different types and amounts of fibres and powders were developed and tested in the fresh state (workability) as well as in the hardened state (uniaxial tensile tests, flexural tests, pullout tests of single fibres and compressive tests).An analytical model was proposed by Markovic is applied in this thesis. This model developed, based of the bridging of macrocrack by reinforcement is successfully applied on the behavior of tensile strength with 11,54 % in Fibers and Powders Reinforced Concrete