Academic literature on the topic 'Between the years 2003-2009'
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Journal articles on the topic "Between the years 2003-2009"
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Santos, Tânia Mara Vieira, Ana Maria Gomes Pereira, Reginaldo Guedes Coelho Lopes, and Daniela De Batista Depes. "Lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of endometriosis." Einstein (São Paulo) 10, no. 1 (2012): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082012000100009.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of endometriosis in patients followed up at the Outpatients Clinic of Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain, at the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo "Francisco Morato de Oliveira", from January 2003 to November 2009. METHODS: In a retrospective analytical study, a total of 310 women with endometriosis confirmed by surgery and pathological examination were evaluated in the period from January 6, 2003 to November 29, 2009. Data were gathered through revision of the follow-up visit forms at the specialized outpatients clinic and medical records. The software Epi-Info 3.3.2 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean lag time between onset of symptoms and confirming diagnosis of endometriosis was 46.16 months (3.84 years), ranging from 6 to 324 months. Patients aged under 20 years had a mean time until diagnosis of 2.8 years (33.6 months, range of 6 to 144 months). In patients aged 20-29 years, it was 3.51 years (42.18 months, range 6-192 months). In those aged 30-40 years, the mean time was 4.14 years (49.69 months, range 6-324 months). And in women age over 40 years, it was 3.15 years (37.86 months, range 6-216 months). CONCLUSION: The lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of endometriosis was shorter, as compared to other national and international evaluations.
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Carrasco-Garrido, P., A. López de Andrés, V. Hernández Barrera, Isabel Jiménez-Trujillo, and R. Jiménez-García. "National trends (2003–2009) and factors related to psychotropic medication use in community-dwelling elderly population." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 2 (2012): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021200169x.
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ABSTRACTBackground: We aimed to analyze the prevalence of prescription anxiolytics and antidepressants in elderly individuals in Spain between the years 2003 and 2009, and to identify those factors associated with the likelihood of consumption of these drugs during the study period.Methods: We used individualized secondary data retrieved from the 2003 and 2006 Spanish National Health Surveys (SNHS) and the 2009 European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) for Spain to conduct a nationwide, descriptive, cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiology study on psychotropic medication in the population aged 65 years and over in Spain. A total of 12,228 interviews were analyzed (5,117 from 2003; 7,084 from 2006; and 5,144 from 2009). The dichotomous dependent variables chosen were the answers “yes” or “no” to the question “In the last two weeks have you taken the following medicines and were they prescribed for you by a doctor?” referring to intake of anxiolytics and antidepressants. Independent variables were sociodemographic, comorbidity, and healthcare resources.Results: Multivariate analysis highlighted the association between increased psychoactive drug intake and female gender, depression, polypharmacy, and negative perception of health. We observed a significant increase in the consumption of prescription anxiolytics (AOR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.06–1.10]) and antidepressants (AOR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.08–1.14]) in individuals aged ≥65 years in Spain between the years 2003 and 2009.Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiolytics and antidepressants consumption is higher in elderly women than men, and increases with negative perception of health. The Spanish elderly individuals taking antidepressants reported having problems to manage these medicines in their own homes.
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Fenech, Sara, Jerry Knox, Malcolm Borg, Christian Camilleri, and Alex Rizzo. "Estimating Impacts of Land Use Change on Evapotranspiration for Three Agricultural Crops in Malta—A Preliminary Assessment." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p67.
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Estimating evapotranspiration is crucial for better management of catchment water resources. In this study, the FAO CropWat model was used to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo), crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and total gross water requirements for three economically important agricultural crops grown in Malta: potatoes, wheat, and vineyards for three years representative of a typically wet (2003), average (2009), and dry (2013) year. In addition, changes in ETc due to changes in land use were estimated for 2009 and 2013 relative to a 2003 baseline. Across all three years and crops, the average ETo rates were estimated to range between 3.7 mm day -1 (2003) and 4.0 mm day-1 (2013) while average ETc rates were estimated to range between 1.6 mm day-1 and 5.3 mm day-1, respectively. For all three years, the highest total gross water requirement was estimated for wheat, reaching a maximum of 1450 mm in 2013. The results suggest that changes in land use between 2003 and 2013 were the main driver for changes in crop water demand. Differences in water demand compared to 2003 were estimated to range between -38% and 60%. This could have a substantial impact on the future sustainability of Malta’s increasingly constrained water resources.
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Kao, Jennifer L., Yan Li, and Wenjun Zhang. "Did SOX Influence the Association between Fee Dependence and Auditors' Propensity to Issue Going-Concern Opinions?" AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 33, no. 2 (2013): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50672.
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SUMMARY: Li (2009) found that the association between fee dependence (FEEDEP) and the incidence of going-concern opinions (GCO) changed from insignificant in 2001 to positive in 2003. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that auditors became more conservative after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). However, Feldmann and Read (2010) suggested that the year following SOX was not typical due to the intense spotlight directed at the audit profession. We revisit Li (2009) by extending the post-SOX period to 2011, and find robust results of little FEEDEP-GCO association in the years after 2003. Hence, the rise in auditor conservatism identified by Li (2009) likely represented the audit profession's temporary reaction to public scrutiny surrounding the passage of SOX, rather than a sustained movement toward more conservative going-concern reporting. Our study reinforces the notion that the effect of major events and government regulations cannot be adequately assessed based on what transpires in the short run. JEL Classifications: M420.
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Garretsen, Henk, Miranda Audenaerdt, Ien Van de Goor, et al. "Social and epidemiological research on alcohol: Research presented at meeting of the Kettil Bruun Society between between 1983 and 2010." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 1, no. 1 (2013): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.44.
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Garretsen, H., Audenaerdt, M., van de Goor, I., van de Mheen, D., Roeg, D., van der Sar, R. & Schoenmakers, T. (2012). Social and epidemiological research on alcohol: Research presented at meeting of the Kettil Bruun Society between 1983 and 2010. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 1(1), 95-110. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.44 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.44)Aims: To study developments in the research agenda on social and epidemiological research on alcohol between 1983 and 2010, as presented at meetings of the Kettil Bruun Society (KBS).Design and Setting: All papers presented at all annual meetings of the KBS between 1983 and 1993 are reviewed with regard to the content of the papers, the research methods used, the country of origin and demographic characteristics of the presenters. KBS papers from the years 2002/2003 and 2009/2010 are compared with those from 1983 to 1993 to determine changes in research authorship, methodology and/or focus.Results and Conclusions: Both in the period 1983 to 1993 and in the years 2002/2003 and 2009/2010, many papers describe general drinking patterns and/or alcohol problems. In all three research periods approximately 40% of the papers are based on surveys. However, some clear changes can be distinguished with regard to the research fields addressed and the research methods used. There seems to be increasing attention to multi-method studies and the combination of quantitative and qualitative research. In addition, methodologies have become more advanced and more varied over the years. Results show a continuous increase in the number of researchers (particularly female) submitting papers. Between 1983 and 1993 almost all participants came from North America (the United States and Canada) and Europe, especially the Nordic countries. In 2009/2010 researchers from many more countries were involved.
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Ceylan, Ali, Vedat Dorman, Demet Yalim, et al. "Influenza Surveillance in Diyarbakir Between 2006-2009 Years." TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 11, no. 2 (2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/pmb.20110320030652.
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CANDEVİR ULU, Aslıhan, Behice KURTARAN, Ayşe Seza İNAL, et al. "Daptomycin Experience Between Years 2009-2013: Review of 139 Cases." Mediterranean Journal of Infection Microbes and Antimicrobials 3, no. 1 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/mjima.9107.
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Ramakrishna, S. S. V. S., V. Brahmananda Rao, A. Sravani, N. Vijaya Saradhi, and G. Harikishan. "A diagnostic study of monsoon energetics for two contrasting years." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 12 (2010): 2201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-2201-2010.
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Abstract. In the present study we made an attempt to explain the behavior of the southwest monsoon for two contrasting years, from the view point of energetics. As a test case we selected 2002 and 2003, which were weak and strong monsoon years, respectively, based on rainfall. The energy terms Kψ, Kχ and APE and the conversion terms f∇ψ. ∇χ, −ω'T' are calculated at 850 hPa level and also vertically integrated from 1000 hPa to 100 hPa. The results indicate that, the year of high energy (both KΨ, Kχ) i.e. 2002, does not give a good amount of rainfall compared to the good year i.e. 2003. The break period during the year 2002 has been clearly explained using the block diagrams. Periods of highest rainfall coincide with the positive conversions of f∇ψ. ∇χ and −ω'T'. Vertically integrated moisture fluxes during the break period of 2002, 2003 are also analyzed. The main reservoirs (sources and sinks) for the monsoon energy are also identified using block diagrams. Negative correlation between daily rainfall and energy terms in the year 2002 indicates its unusual behavior both in terms of energetics as well as precipitation. Positive correlations in the year 2003 represent strong monsoonal behavior. We calculated the climatology of the total kinetic energy at 850 hPa, vertically integrated (1000–100 hPa) for 30 years (1980–2009) and rainfall for 103 years (1901–2003) which clearly indicates that the monsoon is indeed a season of high energy for the South Asian region. Also the east- west direct thermal circulations are strongly related to the good and bad monsoon years.
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Feng, Weiwei, Keqin Hua, Anais Malpica, Xianrong Zhou, and Jan P. A. Baak. "Stages I to II WHO 2003–Defined Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: How Much Primary Therapy Is Needed and How Little Is Enough?" International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 23, no. 3 (2013): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e318247aa14.
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ObjectiveBefore 2003, invasive endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) were classified into 2 categories, low-grade and high-grade ESS, according to the mitotic index. In 2003, the World Health Organization changed the definition and the diagnostic criteria. Before 2003, 20% to 35% low-grade ESS recurred, but WHO 2003–defined low-grade ESS has 10 years’ recurrence rates of less than 10%. With so few recurrences, the balance between treatment guaranteeing cure and overtreatment (“not too little” or “too much”) becomes increasingly important. However, primary treatment practices range from limited surgery only to extensive surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We focused on the primary treatment of early-stage WHO 2003–defined low-grade ESS.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of different therapeutic strategies in 57 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009 stages I to II expert-reviewed WHO 2003–defined low-grade ESS treated at a single institution between 1992 and 2007.ResultsThe patients’ median age was 43 years (range, 19–63 years). After 68 months’ median follow-up (range, 17–140 months), recurrence and mortality rates were 9% and 2%, respectively. The patients with WHO 2003–defined low-grade ESS with ovary-preserving primary surgery had a much higher recurrence rate (75%) than those without (2%; P < 0.0001). Lymphadenectomy, radical abdominal hysterectomy, and omentectomy did not influence survival. Ten patients refused chemotherapy. With univariate analysis, multiple-agent chemotherapy improved the prognosis (P = 0.02) With multivariate analysis, only ovary preservation-or-not surgery had independent prognostic value.ConclusionsIn International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009 stage I to stage II WHO 2003–defined low-grade ESS, total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is sufficient surgery, but ovary-preserving primary surgery increases the risk of recurrence. More extensive surgical procedures than total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy do not improve prognosis in early-stage WHO 2003–defined low-grade ESS. Chemotherapy may improve progression-free survival in early-stage low-grade ESS, but a large sample size is needed to confirm this.
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Chow, Sing-Pey, Cathy L. Hopkinson, Derek M. Tole, Mark N. Jones, Stuart D. Cook, and W. John Armitage. "Stability of visual outcome between 2 and 5 years following corneal transplantation in the UK." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 1 (2017): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-310129.
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Background and AimsMany studies of corneal transplantation focus on graft failure or rejection as endpoints, or report visual outcomes at one postoperative time point. We aimed to study the stability of visual outcomes between 2 and 5 years following corneal transplantation.MethodsAll patients with keratoconus (868) or Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) (569) receiving their first corneal transplant for visual purposes in the UK between January 2003 and December 2009 were included. The probability of visual improvement or deterioration (gain or loss of ≥2 Snellen lines, respectively) between 2 and 5 years after keratoplasty was modelled by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe majority of keratoconus patients with a penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty maintained their visual acuity (651/868; 75%) while 15% (133/868) improved and 10% (84/868) deteriorated. Similarly, most patients with FED who received a PK maintained their vision (395/569; 70%) while 18% (105/569) improved and 12% (68/569) deteriorated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Between the years 2003-2009"
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Sjöklint, Mimmi. "Regional Authority in Cross Border Dynamics. A study of the Öresund Committee’s formal authority between the years 2003-2007." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23225.
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The Öresund Region is a historical cross border region working over the national borders of Sweden and Denmark. The regional administration, the Öresund Committee, is the only political forum that encompasses the whole region and serves its interests collectively. Not only is it cooperating with the national governments but also has a close relationship with the Nordic Council and especially with the European Union. According to a method developed by Liesbet Hooghe, Gary Marks and Arjan H. Schakel, it is possible to retrieve a Regional Authority Index which mirrors the formal authority of a region. The method is evaluated in accordance to the complications of the Öresund Region’s dual nationality and finds that the Öresund Committee has a rather concealed role with greater indirect impact than it is given credit for. However, in terms of formal authority, the Öresund Committee has a weak position and shares no rule with higher political entities, such as the Danish, Swedish and European central administrations.
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Vieira, Rosilene Silva. "As relações federativas e as políticas de EJA no Estado de São Paulo no período de 2003-2009." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-04102011-095459/.
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Este trabalho analisa as políticas de EJA desenvolvidas pela União e pelo Estado de São Paulo, no período 2003-2009, sob a ótica do regime de colaboração em um Estado federativo. Elegemos como instâncias a serem objeto de nossa análise a Diretoria de Políticas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos da Secretaria de Educação Continuada, Diversidade e Alfabetização do Ministério da Educação DPEJA/SECAD/MEC, e a Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo SEESP. Através da descrição e análise de políticas e programas, e dos dados de demanda e oferta escolar por essas duas instâncias, buscamos avaliar como o regime de colaboração, entre as esferas federal e estadual de governo, tem se concretizado no Estado de São Paulo, no sentido e garantir a efetivação do direito à educação das pessoas jovens e adultas que não puderam iniciar ou concluir a escolarização básica na idade considerada regular. A pesquisa foi realizada mediante análise de documentos, realização de entrevistas com pessoas envolvidas com a temática e revisão da bibliografia sobre o tema. Conclui-se que a as responsabilidades estabelecidas pela legislação referente à obrigatoriedade da oferta de EJA não tem sido respeitada pela União e pelo Estado de São Paulo. Um dos principais fatores ligados a este descumprimento da legislação é o fato de que a colaboração entre estes dois entes federados em relação à EJA não se efetivou satisfatoriamente no período analisado.<br>educational policy; youth and adult education; federalism; São Paulo (State)
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Hatunoglu, Hande. "Analyzing The Profit Efficiency Of The Turkish Banking Sector After The Brsa Restructuring Program In 2001: An Empirical Study Using Stochastic Frontier Approach Between The Years Of 2002-2009." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614009/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the profit efficiency of the Turkish banking sector after the restructuring program by using Stochastic Frontier Approach. 28 banks are included in the analysis and the data belongs to the period 2002-2009. Profit efficiency scores of 28 banks are estimated by SFA. When the efficiency scores are analyzed according to the ownership status, profit efficiency scores of the state owned banks are found higher than other bank groups. Moreover, according to the asset size, large scale banks&rsquo<br>profit efficiency scores are found to be higher than the medium and small scale banks.
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Govindasamy, Suveshni. "A retrospective audit of young patients diagnosed with cervical cancer over ten years at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2012, and their outcome at five-year follow-up compared to women in the prior decade." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32218.
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Background : Cervical cancer is the second commonest gynaecological cancer amongst women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer deaths in developing countries – contributing 83% of new cases and 85% of all deaths annually to the burden of this disease. Information and awareness of this illness in the developing world is still inferior, and mortality is increasing. In the developing world, late presentation, advanced-stage disease and a poorly run screening programme (covering only 55% of the South African population) are all contributing factors to this statistic. Approximately 20% of all South African women in their reproductive age are also HIV positive. With the rising burden of cervical cancer and the emergence of HIV as an influencing comorbidity, South Africa adopted a national cervical screening programme, rolled out in 2000 as well as an HCT (HIV counselling and testing) programme formalised in 2011. With these initiatives now in place, this study examined trends and compared 5-year survival outcomes between two decades for cervical cancer among young women. Methods : The study undertook a retrospective audit of files and information on the pre-existing cervical cancer database, and appropriate data was extracted (HREC REF 344/2011). Survival and disease outcomes at five years, as well as time to recurrence, was assessed, together with other demographics of the study population. Patients included in the study were non-pregnant female patients, aged 40 years and younger at the time of registration with the Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) Oncology Unit (LE 33). The diagnosis of cervical cancer had to have been confirmed histologically, as either squamous cell carcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Patients must have attended at the LE 33 unit on or from 1 January 1993 until and including 31 December 2012. The two decades were studied and 5-year outcomes from each decade were analysed and reviewed using Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate analyses. The study compared data using Log Rank tests and p-values. Findings : The two decade-groups under study showed no difference in trends of survival regarding age, treatment type and histology. Albeit small numbers, adenocarcinoma was the histology that had the best probability of survival during both decades. There were more patients with early-stage cancer (stage 1 and 2) diagnosed in decade B (2003 – 2012) than A (1993 – 2002). Within this early-stage cervical cancer cohort, there is a trend toward more locally-advanced (stage 2) cancer in the more recent decade. The proportion of patients presenting with stage 1a and 1b cancer with tumours 4 cm and less has halved from decade A to decade B. The proportion of stage 2 cancers presenting with tumours 2 – 4cm in size during decade B has risen almost 3-fold to that of decade A. This suggests a developing trend of presentation of more locally-advanced cancer. During both decades, stage 1 cervical cancers had the best probability of survival, with an improvement in mean survival from decade A (average of 44 months) to decade B (average of 58 months). The trend of stage 2 disease has deteriorated, with a decrease in mean survival (from 48 months in decade A to 21 months in decade B), an increase in cancer-related deaths and a shorter time to relapse. The number of patients presenting with late-stage disease (stages 3 and 4) has declined. HIV positive status played an influential role in tumour size on presentation and probability of 5-year disease-free survival. Young women who were HIV positive also fared less favourably when compared to NP (not positive) women in terms of mean survival. Due to the small sample size and that the majority of patients in decade A were untested, further HIV comparisons were not credible. Interpretation : The study suggests a moving trend towards young patients that are being diagnosed with the more locally-advanced early-stage disease in the more recent decade than ten years prior. HIV status seemingly played an influential comorbid role in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer. Patients with the locallyadvanced disease appear to have worse outcomes in the latter decade. In an attempt to curb this potentially curable disease in this subset of young women, a greater focus on earlier screening interventions, prompt diagnosis and appropriate and timeous treatment of cervical cancer, together with optimisation of comorbidities like HIV are needed.
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Russo, Alexandra. "The prevalence of documentation discrepancies in CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) trade data for Appendix I and II species exported out of Africa between the years 2003 and 2012." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15685.
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The international trade in wildlife products is an extremely profitable industry, and is linked to many environmental, social, economic and political problems. The Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a non-self-executing multilateral treaty providing a framework for the international trade in wild animals and plants. Unfortunately, CITES wildlife trade data is not always accurate. Export and import trade records between nations rarely align and frequently contain data discrepancies. This study analyzed CITES wildlife trade records for Appendix I and II species exported out of Africa between the years 2003 to 2012 to determine the frequency and types of discrepancies, and to identify nations and species particularly prone to record discrepancies. This study also attempted to profile countries with high and low documentation discrepancy rates based on annual precipitation, proportion of land covered by forest, length of coastline, GEF Benefits Index for Biodiversity, proportion of country designated as protected area, proportion of roads that are paved, number of international airplane departures, national population size, life expectancy, Gini Index, Gross Domestic Product, Mo Ibrahim Index of African Governance and unemployment rate.
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Wohlram, Gyula. "The development of the Hungarian Special Operations Forces between 2003 and 2009." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5807.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>Hungarian Special Operations Forces have the potential to enhance the security of Hungary. Seven years have passed from 2002, when the survey of the Cubic advisory team first recommended creating the Hungarian Special Operations Forces, until 2009 when these forces began operating in Afghanistan. In 2003, the Hungarian Ministry of Defense's comprehensive defense review identified special operations forces as a "niche" capability that could add strength to the defense forces and fill critical shortfalls in Peace Support Operations. The Hungarian political leadership endorsed developing a special operations capability package to enhance national security, contribute to the collective security of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union, and fill shortfalls in Peace Support Operations led by these two international organizations. In the last seven years, the Hungarian Defense Forces have created the legal framework for developing and employing their Special Operations Forces, assigned and trained units involved in the capability package, and made progress in establishing a special operations oversight structure and integrating these forces into the Hungarian defense establishment. Mentored by U.S. instructors, the Hungarian Defense Forces have made great progress, but there remains much to do. Most importantly, the political and military leadership should fully exploit capabilities of these forces for the security of Hungary.
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Lv, Aofei. "Explaining health policy change in China between 2003 and 2009 : actors, contexts and institutionalisation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6651/.
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The health policy change in China between 2003 and 2009 was profound. In 2003, the Chinese government changed its response to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak from initial passivity to proactivity. Following the SARS outbreak, in 2005 the Chinese government started major healthcare reforms. During this process, the health policy direction then changed from marketisation towards being more government-led. Previous research has explained health policy change mainly from bureaucratic perspectives that considered the government playing the main role. This thesis explains how and why health policy changed by focusing on three actors outside the political system. I argue that, after the SARS outbreak, experts, the media, and international organisations influenced the health policies as a ‘Policy Entrepreneurial Coalition’ (PEC), the result of which was a combination of normal and paradigmatic policy changes between 2003 and 2009. This is a qualitative study. I conducted fieldwork in China involving semi-structured interviews of policy insiders and outsiders. The policy insiders are government officials in the Ministry of Health. The policy outsiders are: domestic Chinese experts in social science, health economics, and health; external (foreign) experts who were involved in China’s health policymaking; journalists in national media and other commercialised traditional media; and representatives of international organisations in China. I also did content analysis of both policy documents and media reports. I identified three cases: the health policy change during the SARS outbreak, the initiation of the healthcare reform, and the health policy change during the healthcare reform policymaking. This thesis makes three major contributions. First, it documents the health policy change between 2003 and 2009. Second, previous studies focused on bureaucratic bargaining during policymaking in China, but I examine roles of policy outsiders, who have conventionally been neglected in China’s policy process. Third, to explain the influence of the outsiders, I examine the policymaking process within the central government and how the policy outsiders interacted with the policy insiders. In doing so, this thesis contributes to the understanding of China’s politics and policy processes.
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Smith, Pamela R. "A comparison of job satisfaction and plans to remain in teaching between beginning teachers and fully-licensed teachers." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/smithp/pamelasmith.pdf.
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Bonneville, Jacqueline K. "A comparison of adjustment factors between undeclared and declared first-year students at UW-Eau Claire." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009bonnevillej.pdf.
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Wu, Bo-Yi, and 吳勃毅. "A Study of Tourists' Satisfaction of Service Quality to Visiting Taiwan with Data Mining Techniques – An Example of Inward Passenger Between Years 2009 and 2012." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74120231502856793016.
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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>資訊管理系碩士在職專班<br>102<br>Both tourism and service quality are closely linked and inseparable. A tour would be very boring and disappointed if no good service of the tour was provided with tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between tourism services and tourists' satisfactions. With the analysis of tourists' demands, the critical factors can be discovered for improving the service of tourism.
The experimental data were obtained from the survey study of Department of Transportation and Tourism Ministry, from Years 2009 to 2012. Classification technologies in Data mining were used to discover the significant factors for improving the quality of tourism services. Finally, by exploring the trend changes among different years of tourists' satisfaction surveys, the tourists' demands were analyzed and suggested for providing better quality of tourism products.
Books on the topic "Between the years 2003-2009"
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Triossi, Amanda. Between eternity and history, Bvlgari: From 1884 to 2009, 125 years of Italian jewels. Skira, 2009.
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Palazzo delle esposizioni (Rome, Italy), ed. Between eternity and history, Bvlgari: From 1884 to 2009, 125 years of Italian jewels. Skira, 2009.
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Fei teng de shi nian: 2000-2009 nian de Zhongguo ji shi = The go-go years : China between 2000 and 2009. Qingdao chu ban she, 2010.
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Grozev, Kostadin. 100 godini diplomaticheski otnoshenii︠a︡ mezhdu Bŭlgarii︠a︡ i Sŭedinenite Shtati: 1903-2003 = 100 years of diplomatic relations between Bulgaria and the United States. Posolstvo na SASht v Bŭlgarii︠a︡, 2003.
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Washington. Dept. of Corrections. Strategic plan, fiscal years 2003-2009. The Department, 2002.
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Washington (State). Dept. of Corrections. Strategic plan, fiscal years 2003-2009. State of Washington, Dept. of Corrections, 2002.
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Hanson, Victor Davis. Between war and peace: Lessons from Afghanistan to Iraq. Random House, 2004.
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The longest war: The enduring conflict between America and al-Qaeda. Free Press, 2011.
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Manfredi, Claudia, ed. Models and analysis of vocal emissions for biomedical applications. Firenze University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-154-3.
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This book of Proceedings collects the papers presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications, MAVEBA 2003, held 10-12 December 2003, Firenze, Italy. The workshop is organised every two years, and aims to stimulate contacts between specialists active in research and industrial developments, in the area of voice analysis for biomedical applications. The scope of the Workshop includes all aspects of voice modelling and analysis, ranging from fundamental research to all kinds of biomedical applications and related established and advanced technologies.
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Mueller, Reinhold C., and Gian Maria Varanini, eds. Ebrei nella Terraferma veneta del Quattrocento. Firenze University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-125-0.
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This book is a collection of the proceedings of the study seminar held in Verona on 14 November 2003. This was the occasion for the presentation of the results of archive research performed by young researchers on the Jewish presence in numerous cities and smaller towns of the Venetian hinterland in the fifteenth century (Vicenza, Verona, Treviso, Feltre, and the minor centres of the Polesine and Verona and Vicenza territory). The various themes that are developed though attentive and documented analysis include: the autonomous initiative of the civic communities in the relation with the Jewish moneylenders and the attitude of Venice, divided between protection and the anti-Jewish tensions that were widespread among the lagoon nobility; the encounter and dialectic between the Ashkenazi and Italian components in the communities settled within the cities and hamlets of Veneto; the difference of the social and cultural climate between the first and second half of the fifteenth century, marked by incisive Franciscan preaching and attempts at expulsion from the cities; a look 'from the inside' which opens up the role of women in the economic life of the Jewish communities. Over twenty years after the convention on 'The Jews and Venice' promoted by the Fondazione Cini, these contributions illustrate the revival of study and the ever-present need for comparison and exchange on the issue of the Jewish presence in Italy.
Book chapters on the topic "Between the years 2003-2009"
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Eastin, Robert G., and Jon B. Mowery. "30 Years of Damage Tolerance – Have we Got it Right?" In ICAF 2009, Bridging the Gap between Theory and Operational Practice. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2746-7_10.
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Ibrahim, Mohamed Ismail, Ali Al-Dousari, and Abeer Hassan Al-Saleh. "Pollen in Dust." In Atlas of Fallen Dust in Kuwait. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66977-5_7.
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Abstract Twenty-eight pairs of pollen and aeolian dust traps covering the State of Kuwait were used to obtain seasonal pollen counts of the most eight dominant families during 2009–2011 i.e. Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae (Gramineae), Cyperaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Cyperaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Compositae, and Plantaginaceae. The sampling site locations were chosen to cover all the geomorphological sectors and native vegetation areas in Kuwait. Generally, pollen counts show us a remarkable distinction between the year 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, It is also evident that pollen counts (concentration) vary from season to season. Pollen counts over four seasons for two years (October 2009–August 2011) reveal the presence of two peaks in spring (April–May) and autumn (October–November). Map distribution of pollens in each of the dominant plant families in Kuwait is generated according to seasons showing higher and lower concentrations of dust pollen counts.
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Voigt, Herbert, and Ratko Magjarević. "Ratko Magjarević - Secretary General 2003-2009." In Launching IFMBE into the 21st Century: 50 Years and Counting. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30160-5_5.
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Mthembu, Philani. "South Africa as a Development Partner: An Empirical Analysis of the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_26.
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AbstractAs South Africa looks to consolidate its role as a development partner, it remains an open question whether it can maintain a strong presence in Africa while facing significant challenges at home. With the economy struggling to grow and the government increasingly cutting back on expenditure, one has to wonder whether these cuts are translating into a reduction of its role as a development partner in Africa. With the eagerly awaited South African Development Partnership Agency in mind, this chapter examines data from the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund (ARF) between 2003 and 2015. It shows empirically that, despite increasing allocations and disbursements in the years following its inception, the global financial crisis and domestic challenges have taken their toll on the ARF’s activities.
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Beckles Willson, Rachel. "Music’s Limits: The Early Years of the Barenboim–Said Foundation (2003–2009)." In Peacebuilding and the Arts. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17875-8_8.
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Meddi, Mohamed, and Saeid Eslamian. "Uncertainties in Rainfall and Water Resources in Maghreb Countries Under Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_114-1.
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AbstractThe vulnerability of the climate change in the South of the Mediterranean’s south regions varies depending on the part of their climate which is sensitive to the economy. In Tunisia, agriculture represents 16% of the workforce and 12% of GDP in 2006. In Algeria, agriculture represents 20% of the workforce and 8% of GDP in 2009. In Morocco, agriculture accounts for 40% of the workforce and 17.7% of GDP in 2006. The agriculture is directly related to the availability of water which in turn is directly related to rainfall. The drought has affected all countries of the Maghreb. It is considered the most severe in the history of these countries. The drought has forced the agricultural sector in Morocco to the limitation of annual crops which are not needed, the prohibition of any new tree planting and the ban on vegetable crops in dry years. During the years 1987, 1988, and 1989, Tunisia has experienced the most critical drought. It led to a water deficit of around 30%. For Morocco the rainfall shows a negative trend at national and regional scales, and spring rainfall has declined by over 40% since the 1960s. For Algeria, the western region has recorded a considerable reduction in rainfall. The winter rains have decreased between 40% and 70%. Contributions to dams have decreased between 30% and 50%. These changes had a negative influence on the water resource and crop yield. Many programs have been initiated since then to meet the growing demand.
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Meddi, Mohamed, and Saeid Eslamian. "Uncertainties in Rainfall and Water Resources in Maghreb Countries Under Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_114.
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AbstractThe vulnerability of the climate change in the South of the Mediterranean’s south regions varies depending on the part of their climate which is sensitive to the economy. In Tunisia, agriculture represents 16% of the workforce and 12% of GDP in 2006. In Algeria, agriculture represents 20% of the workforce and 8% of GDP in 2009. In Morocco, agriculture accounts for 40% of the workforce and 17.7% of GDP in 2006. The agriculture is directly related to the availability of water which in turn is directly related to rainfall. The drought has affected all countries of the Maghreb. It is considered the most severe in the history of these countries. The drought has forced the agricultural sector in Morocco to the limitation of annual crops which are not needed, the prohibition of any new tree planting and the ban on vegetable crops in dry years. During the years 1987, 1988, and 1989, Tunisia has experienced the most critical drought. It led to a water deficit of around 30%. For Morocco the rainfall shows a negative trend at national and regional scales, and spring rainfall has declined by over 40% since the 1960s. For Algeria, the western region has recorded a considerable reduction in rainfall. The winter rains have decreased between 40% and 70%. Contributions to dams have decreased between 30% and 50%. These changes had a negative influence on the water resource and crop yield. Many programs have been initiated since then to meet the growing demand.
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Peebles, P. J. E. "The 1998–2003 Revolution." In Cosmology's Century. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196022.003.0009.
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This chapter looks at the change in the state of empirical cosmology in the five years from 1998 to 2003, which was great enough to be termed a revolution. It was driven by the two great experimental advances. The first is the measurement of the relation between the redshift of the spectrum of an object and its brightness in the sky, given its luminosity: the cosmological redshift–magnitude relation. The second is the detailed mapping of the angular distribution of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. The two programs reached the precision needed for significant constraints on cosmological models at essentially the same time. Quick acceptance of their interpretation was driven by the impressive consistency of implications of these two quite different ways to look at the universe and, equally important, by the consistency with other lines of evidence gathered in the years of research before the revolution.
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Haddad, Fanar. "Iraq, 2003–2018." In Understanding 'Sectarianism'. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510629.003.0008.
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This chapter takes Iraq as a case study with which to demonstrate many of the themes of the book and the layered and contextual nature of sectarian dynamics. The multidimensional model introduced in chapters 3-4 is used to explain not just the drivers of sectarian entrenchment but also of its retreat: the de-escalation of sectarian conflict, how sectarian identities lose relevance and how banal coexistence is recaptured. The chapter begins by outlining the pre-2003 roots of post-2003 sectarianization. The political changes of 2003 are then explored as is the evolution of the politics of sect between 2003 and 2018. Charting these transformations reveals the constantly evolving meaning, utility, social salience and political relevance of sectarian identity over the course of 15 years. What emerges is a gradually altered enabling environment with a changing set of incentive structures that have diminished the political salience of sectarian identity both in Iraq and regionally. This is evidenced in the normalization of the post-2003 order and in the transformations that have marked the evolution of threat perceptions, electoral behaviour, Iraq’s muhasasa system, and the parameters of populist discourse. All of which suggests the possibility that the ‘sectarian wave’ of chapter 6 may have crested.
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Perillán, José G. "Demarcating Seismic Uncertainties." In Science Between Myth and History. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864967.003.0006.
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In the early morning hours of April 6, 2009, a devastating earthquake struck the city of L’Aquila, Italy, killing hundreds of people. Many of L’Aquila’s residents were not prepared for the earthquake and felt betrayed by scientific experts who were tasked with public safety. Three years later, in a shocking outcome, a group of seven scientists and public officials were convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to six years in prison. Although the L’Aquila Seven’s convictions were eventually reversed, this controversy illustrates the unintended consequences of scientists and public officials engaging in myth-historical boundary work but ignoring their duty to accurately communicate scientific ideas. The chapter grapples with the tension inherent in the juxtaposition of a scientific ideal and concrete scientific practice as it relates to notions of consensus and the communication of scientific uncertainty.
Conference papers on the topic "Between the years 2003-2009"
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PIZZELLA, G. "COINCIDENCES BETWEEN THE GRAVITATIONAL WAVE DETECTORS EXPLORER AND NAUTILUS IN THE YEARS 1998, 2001, 2003 AND 2004." In Proceedings of the MG11 Meeting on General Relativity. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812834300_0427.
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Žofčák, Jakub. "DETERMINING FACTORS OF CZECH FILM ATTENDANCE IN THE YEARS 2003–2017." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.295.
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The paper analyzes the determining factors affecting Czech film attendance in the years 2003–2017 and places this topic into the context of the information asymmetry faced by film-goers. Using the regression (OLS) model and a unique population-level dataset (415 observations), the hypothesis of a positive relationship between film attendance and audience rating is confirmed. The increase in audience ratings by Czech-Slovak Film Database website’s users by one percentage point is, ceteris paribus, associated with an increase in attendance by 1.8%. Factors which have proven to determine film attendance also include: specific genres; film sequels; casting of a popular actor, actress or director; the personality of the director Zdeněk Troška; the Czech Lion Awards; and a premiere in certain years. In the decision-making process of a viewer who faces information asymmetry one can rely on these determinants as economic signals and on viewer ratings as information from an intermediary.
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Souza, GF, A. Almeida, HLB Reis, HRA Montenegro, MRL Passos, and DC Ferreira. "P3.211 Profile of men with hiv+ infection diagnosis: a comparative study on a public health service between the years 2003 and 2013." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.446.
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Wang, Xiaochun, and Jinyang Zheng. "Safety Assessment of the Junction Between a Thick Pressure Vessel Shell and a Thinner Hemispherical Head." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1932.
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A junction of shell to hemispherical head whose thickness is half of that of the shell has been developed and safely used in the People’s Republic of China in the past ten years. Great achievements of mesomechanics in ductile fracture have been made in P. R. China. The load when local shear band prongs the ligament in the front of crack tip is regarded as the limit load and the direction of the maximum plastic strain along a constant radius around the crack tip might be considered as the direction of shear fracture. Based on these concepts and small-deformation elastic-plastic analysis with finite element method, safety of the junction under operating pressure, 31.4MPa, is assessed and the possible failure modes of it are forecasted. The reasonability of the design of the junction is also considered.
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Bey, Michael J., Stephanie K. Kline, Jessica M. Deneweth, Jeffrey R. Haladik, Patricia A. Kolowich, and Terrence R. Lock. "Changes in Glenohumeral Joint Mechanics, Shoulder Strength, and Clinical Outcomes Over Two Years After Rotator Cuff Repair." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205584.
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Rotator cuff tears are a common injury that have a major impact on function, comfort, and medical care costs. Treatment procedures rely implicitly on the belief that restoring normal glenohumeral joint (GHJ) mechanics is necessary to obtain a satisfactory clinical result. However, it is unknown if rotator cuff repair restores and maintains normal GHJ mechanics. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare in-vivo GHJ contact patterns between the repaired and contralateral shoulders of patients who underwent rotator cuff repair. We hypothesized that GHJ contact patterns would be significantly different between repaired and contralateral shoulders.
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Moreno, A., I. Quinones, G. Rodriguez, L. Nunez, and A. I. Perez. "Development of the spatio-temporal gait parameters of Mexican children between 6 and 13 years old Data Base to be included in motion analysis softwares." In 2009 Pan American Health Care Exchanges. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pahce.2009.5158372.
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Hosoda, Ryusuke, Koichi Hanano, and Yoichi Fukutani. "Promotion of Symbiotic Relationship Between Human and Ecosystems in a Small Island." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37325.
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People have become aware that maintenance of symbiotic relations between people and their surrounding environment is important not only for people’s happiness but also for their own existence on the earth system. Facing up to reality, however, there have arisen matters of regret caused by the human lives and activities. One of big problems we have to consider is scatter of waste and debris on natural beaches, especially in the coastal area near the dense populated area. We have to remember that the scatter is the results of human activities mainly on the coastal land area. The problem had become serious on a small island located near the mouth of Osaka Bay, where rubbishes such as tins, bottles and plastic bottles, bags and sheets have been piled and remained on the beach for more than half a century. People living in a small community, who were worrying about the decline of the ecosystem of the small island, started the activity of beach cleaning more than ten years ago. Since then, the quality of the ecosystem on the island has been maintained in a permissible condition. They also started the field researches on the fauna and flora in and around the island to make an inventory of fauna and flora. Their activities were appreciated and they were honored with testimonials commending their contribution on the maintenance of symbiosis. In the present paper, people’s activities are introduced with the importance of promoting the symbiosis with ecosystem in surrounding natural environments.
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Cizelj, Leon, Jörg Starflinger, Veronique Decobert, et al. "15 Years of the European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN Association)." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82611.
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The European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN) was established in 2003 through an EU Fifth Framework Programme (FP) project, as a legal nonprofit-making body. Its main objective is the preservation and further development of expertise in the nuclear fields by higher education and training. This objective is realized through the cooperation between EU universities involved in education and research in nuclear disciplines, nuclear research centers and the nuclear industry. As of March 2018, ENEN has 66 members in 18 EU countries and has concluded Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) with partners beyond Europe for further cooperation, including organizations in, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Canada and Japan. ENEN also has good collaboration with national networks and international organizations such as the Belgian Nuclear Education Network (BNEN) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The main activities developed, and results achieved, within the first 15 years of the ENEN Association are presented and discussed. These include, for example, the launch of the European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering (EMSNE), the annual ENEN Ph.D. competition and the portfolio of more than 10 EURATOM projects dealing with nuclear education, training and knowledge management through development of teaching methods and materials, courses, and exchange of students and teachers within EU and beyond. Those projects were all supported by the European Commission with the ENEN Association acting as the coordinator or as a partner.
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Lunt, Barry, Joseph Ekstrom, Edith Lawson, et al. "Defining the IT Curriculum: The Results of the Past 3 Years." In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2864.
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Efforts to define IT curriculum and accreditation standards began at the first Conference on Information Technology Curriculum (CITC-1) in December 2001, which included representatives from 15 Information Technology (IT) programs at four-year schools in the United States, and representatives from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), and the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Since this conference, this work has been ongoing at CITC-2 (April 2002), CITC-3 (September 2002), and CITC-4 (October 2003), and through committee work which has progressed between these conferences. The three main thrusts of this work have been to define standards for accreditation of IT programs, to define a model curriculum for IT programs, and to distinguish IT programs from the most closely-related academic programs, such as Information Systems and Computer Science. Membership in SIGITE (Special Interest Group on Information Technology Education) of the ACM is now over 300 members and represents most 4-year IT programs and several 2-year IT programs in the United States; the outcome of these three main thrusts should therefore be of wide interest to all those in related programs or at institutions considering forming a similar program. This paper gives some of the details of the results of the work on these three thrusts.
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Owczarek, Jerzy A. "On the Phenomenon of Pressure Pulses Reflecting Between Blades of Adjacent Blade Rows of Turbo-Machines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59055.
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The main emphasis of the paper is on the work done by the writer between the years 1957 and 1992 on the phenomenon of pressure waves in form of pulses which reflect from blades of adjacent blade rows of turbo-machines. The recently revived interest in “acoustic resonances”, whose details are still not well defined or understood, points to a realization that a new look at some previously unrecognized findings is needed to explain problems encountered in operation of compressors and turbines. The purpose of this paper is to call attention of the turbo-machinery community to an important physical phenomenon discovered more than forty years ago about whose existence and consequences there is little awareness today. The turbine test results which led the writer in 1957 to hypothesize the existence of the phenomenon of reflecting pressure pulses are described. Subsequently, his 1966 ASME paper is discussed. In it the writer reported on the photographed observations of pressure pulses reflecting between stationary nozzles and moving blades of a water-table turbine at Lehigh University, on the description of the various types of such waves, and on an explanation of some of the resonant blade excitation frequencies observed by NACA in a turbine of turbojet engine. This is followed by a description of his 1984 ASME paper in which more general formulae were derived for the blade excitation frequencies caused by reflections of pressure pulses between the rotor blades and both upstream and downstream stator vanes. These equations were subsequently used to explain blade excitation frequencies measured in an axial compressor stage. Finally, his 1992 AIAA paper is discussed in which additional formulae relating to the reflecting pressure pulses were derived and the process of formation of a pressure pulse explained. To put this work in perspective, the writer provided, in mostly chronological order, excerpts from reports on operational problems encountered with turbo-machines in service and brief descriptions, from selected publications, of pertinent research work.
Reports on the topic "Between the years 2003-2009"
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Cantens, Thomas, and Gaël Raballand. Taxation and Customs Reforms in Fragile States: Between Bargaining and Enforcement. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.009.
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In the last decade, African authorities and the international community have called for support to increase taxation capacity in order to reduce reliance on aid flows. This commitment to support tax administrations was reflected in the 2015 Addis Tax Initiative (ATI), which advocated ‘to double assistance to developing countries in order to strengthen their tax systems and administrations’ by the year 2020 (IMF 2017: 6). Increasing domestic resource mobilisation is even more salient for state-building in fragile states, in terms of providing costly services to citizens, including security, across national territory. There is a rich literature (Acemoglu and Robinson 2012; Besley and Persson 2009) arguing that robust and inclusive fiscal institutions are essential for state-building and economic growth. This is not the situation in fragile states.
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Wenzel, Tom. Assessment of NHTSA’s Report “Relationships Between Fatality Risk, Mass, and Footprint in Model Year 2003-2010 Passenger Cars and LTVs”. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1341729.
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Russell, Kevin L., Margaret A. Ryan, Anthony Hawksworth, Nikki E. Freed, Marina Irvine, and Luke T. Daum. Effectiveness of the 2003/2004 Influenza Vaccine Among U.S. Military Basic Trainees: A Year of Suboptimal Match Between Vaccine and Circulating Strain. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455912.
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Wenzel, Tom P. An Analysis of the Relationship between Casualty Risk Per Crash and Vehicle Mass and Footprint for Model Year 2003-2010 Light-Duty Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1416946.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2010.
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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.promise2010.
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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Rukundo, Solomon. Tax Amnesties in Africa: An Analysis of the Voluntary Disclosure Programme in Uganda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.005.
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Tax amnesties have taken centre stage as a compliance tool in recent years. The OECD estimates that since 2009 tax amnesties in 40 jurisdictions have resulted in the collection of an additional €102 billion in tax revenue. A number of African countries have introduced tax amnesties in the last decade, including Nigeria, Namibia, South Africa and Tanzania. Despite their global popularity, the efficacy of tax amnesties as a tax compliance tool remains in doubt. The revenue is often below expectations, and it probably could have been raised through effective use of regular enforcement measures. It is also argued that tax amnesties might incentivise non-compliance – taxpayers may engage in non-compliance in the hope of benefiting from an amnesty. This paper examines the administration of tax amnesties in various jurisdictions around the world, including the United States, Australia, Canada, Kenya and South Africa. The paper makes a cost-benefit analysis of these and other tax amnesties – and from this analysis develops a model tax amnesty, whose features maximise the benefits of a tax amnesty while minimising the potential costs. The model tax amnesty: (1) is permanent, (2) is available only to taxpayers who make a voluntary disclosure, (3) relieves taxpayers of penalties, interest and the risk of prosecution, but treats intentional and unintentional non-compliance differently, (4) has clear reporting requirements for taxpayers, and (5) is communicated clearly to attract non-compliant taxpayers without appearing unfair to the compliant ones. The paper then focuses on the Ugandan tax amnesty introduced in July 2019 – a Voluntary Disclosure Programme (VDP). As at 7 November 2020, this initiative had raised USh16.8 billion (US$6.2 million) against a projection of USh45 billion (US$16.6 million). The paper examines the legal regime and administration of this VDP, scoring it against the model tax amnesty. It notes that, while the Ugandan VDP partially matches up to the model tax amnesty, because it is permanent, restricted to taxpayers who make voluntary disclosure and relieves penalties and interest only, it still falls short due to a number of limitations. These include: (1) communication of the administration of the VDP through a public notice, instead of a practice note that is binding on the tax authority; (2) uncertainty regarding situations where a VDP application is made while the tax authority has been doing a secret investigation into the taxpayer’s affairs; (3) the absence of differentiated treatment between taxpayers involved in intentional non-compliance, and those whose non-compliance may be unintentional; (4) lack of clarity on how the VDP protects the taxpayer when non-compliance involves the breach of other non-tax statutes, such as those governing financial regulation; (5)absence of clear timelines in the administration of the VDP, which creates uncertainty;(6)failure to cater for voluntary disclosures with minor errors; (7) lack of clarity on VDP applications that result in a refund position for the applicant; and (8) lack of clarity on how often a VDP application can be made. The paper offers recommendations on how the Ugandan VDP can be aligned to match the model tax amnesty, in order to gain the most from this compliance tool.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.
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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Slovakia. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrsk.2020.12.
Full textAbstract:
This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15-34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Slo-vakia. To achieve this goal, the report utilised indicators of youth population, youth employ-ment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution and amount of ESLET in Slovakia according to different level of urbanisation (cities, towns and suburbs and towns). There are more male than females living in Slovakia. However, there are more females living in rural areas. Youth unemployment has been rising every year since 2009, peaking in 2012/2013, and after this peak it has decreased gradually leading to the lowest unemployment rate in a decade for the age category 15-39 in 2018-2019. Since the year 2010 the employment rate has been gradually increasing in all degrees of urbanisation. In last decade (2009-2019), the population aged 15-24 years old in Slovakia has become more educated. The highest increa-se was in last decade at level ISCED 5-8 in rural areas. ESLET has gradually increased in Slo-vakia nationwide. Between the years 2009-2019, there were an increased number of ESLET females in rural areas. The share of NEETs has slightly decreased in last decade in Slovakia.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Portugal. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrpt.2020.12.
Full textAbstract:
This report outlines in detail the situation of rural youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Portugal. To do this, the report portrays indicators of: youth population; youth em-ployment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopts the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, thereby enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Portugal. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Portugal is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial in-equalities in access to employment and education opportunities.