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1
Triossi, Amanda. Between eternity and history, Bvlgari: From 1884 to 2009, 125 years of Italian jewels. Skira, 2009.
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2
Palazzo delle esposizioni (Rome, Italy), ed. Between eternity and history, Bvlgari: From 1884 to 2009, 125 years of Italian jewels. Skira, 2009.
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3
Fei teng de shi nian: 2000-2009 nian de Zhongguo ji shi = The go-go years : China between 2000 and 2009. Qingdao chu ban she, 2010.
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4
Grozev, Kostadin. 100 godini diplomaticheski otnoshenii︠a︡ mezhdu Bŭlgarii︠a︡ i Sŭedinenite Shtati: 1903-2003 = 100 years of diplomatic relations between Bulgaria and the United States. Posolstvo na SASht v Bŭlgarii︠a︡, 2003.
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5
Washington. Dept. of Corrections. Strategic plan, fiscal years 2003-2009. The Department, 2002.
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6
Washington (State). Dept. of Corrections. Strategic plan, fiscal years 2003-2009. State of Washington, Dept. of Corrections, 2002.
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7
Hanson, Victor Davis. Between war and peace: Lessons from Afghanistan to Iraq. Random House, 2004.
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8
The longest war: The enduring conflict between America and al-Qaeda. Free Press, 2011.
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9
Manfredi, Claudia, ed. Models and analysis of vocal emissions for biomedical applications. Firenze University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-154-3.
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This book of Proceedings collects the papers presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications, MAVEBA 2003, held 10-12 December 2003, Firenze, Italy. The workshop is organised every two years, and aims to stimulate contacts between specialists active in research and industrial developments, in the area of voice analysis for biomedical applications. The scope of the Workshop includes all aspects of voice modelling and analysis, ranging from fundamental research to all kinds of biomedical applications and related established and advanced technologies.
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Mueller, Reinhold C., and Gian Maria Varanini, eds. Ebrei nella Terraferma veneta del Quattrocento. Firenze University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-125-0.
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This book is a collection of the proceedings of the study seminar held in Verona on 14 November 2003. This was the occasion for the presentation of the results of archive research performed by young researchers on the Jewish presence in numerous cities and smaller towns of the Venetian hinterland in the fifteenth century (Vicenza, Verona, Treviso, Feltre, and the minor centres of the Polesine and Verona and Vicenza territory). The various themes that are developed though attentive and documented analysis include: the autonomous initiative of the civic communities in the relation with the Jewish moneylenders and the attitude of Venice, divided between protection and the anti-Jewish tensions that were widespread among the lagoon nobility; the encounter and dialectic between the Ashkenazi and Italian components in the communities settled within the cities and hamlets of Veneto; the difference of the social and cultural climate between the first and second half of the fifteenth century, marked by incisive Franciscan preaching and attempts at expulsion from the cities; a look 'from the inside' which opens up the role of women in the economic life of the Jewish communities. Over twenty years after the convention on 'The Jews and Venice' promoted by the Fondazione Cini, these contributions illustrate the revival of study and the ever-present need for comparison and exchange on the issue of the Jewish presence in Italy.
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Nencioni, Francesca, ed. A Giuseppe Dessí. Lettere di amici e lettori. Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-031-4.
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This book, the result of a lengthy labour of cataloguing and research, continues the indexing and recording of the unpublished epistolary material conserved in the Dessí fond, launched in 2003 by Chiara Andrei with the edition of the family correspondence (Firenze, FUP). Now, through 1,900 letters from friends and readers, Francesca Nencioni offers a different and more ample overview of the fundamental stages in the life and works of the writer, focusing above all on the years of his university training in Pisa. Of particular interest is the appendix of carefully annotated unpublished texts, which offers 19 letters from Dessí to friends and scholars, the complete two-way correspondence with Walter Binni, and the letters sent to the friend and disciple of the great historian, Delio Cantimori. Press reviews: 26/10/2009: Dessì e la voce "lontana e bianca" del 1955 12/2009: "L'immaginazione" n. 251
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Nencioni, Francesca, ed. A Giuseppe Dessí. Lettere editoriali e altra corrispondenza. Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-156-0.
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This volume completes the valuable work of cataloguing carried out on the correspondence of Giuseppe Dessí conserved in the 'Alessandro Bonsanti' contemporary archive of Florence. The research, launched by Chiara Andrei in 2003 with the edition of the Corrispondenze familiari (Firenze University Press) and continued in 2009 by Francesca Nencioni with the publication of Lettere di amici e lettori (Firenze University Press), has its third result in this work by Francesca Nencioni, who has indexed the unpublished editorial and professional material, providing it with exhaustive references. The letters make it possible to trace a profile of the writer from his youth through to the 70s, illustrating the historic, political and cultural backdrop against which the events and activities of both his first and second profession developed. This casts light not only his complex professional career, but also on Dessí's collaboration with newspapers and journals, his relations with publishers and his contacts with the world of the mass media. Of particular importance is the appendix of unpublished letters, meticulously edited by Monica Graceffa, comprising the correspondence with two seminal journals of the 1930s and 40s «L'Orto» and «Primato». In the background are the figures of Bottai and Vecchietti and the complex coexistence between the intellectuals of the time and the regime.
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Berend, Ivan T. A Restructured Economy: From the Oil Crisis to the Financial Crisis, 1973–2009. Edited by Dan Stone. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560981.013.0020.
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During the quarter of a century that followed World War II, Western Europe enjoyed the most spectacular prosperity in history. While the population of Western Europe increased by less than 20 per cent, the gross domestic product rose by 286 per cent. Economists explained that depression and economic crisis were things of the past. In mid-October 1973, however, a dramatic event ended European prosperity. The Arab oil-exporting countries made a political decision against the West by introducing an oil embargo, increasing prices. Six years later, a second oil crisis followed, and, between 1973 and 1980, led altogether to a tenfold increase in oil prices. It soon turned out that the politically ignited oil crisis simply made the crisis manifest. Most paradoxically, the postwar prosperity in Europe undermined itself, and paved the way for a deep economic crisis. This article examines the ideological consequences of the dual economic and political crises of the 1960s and 1970s, focusing on neoliberal revolution, de-statisation, and deregulation. It also discusses the financial crisis and the economic restructuring in Europe.
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Ashraf-Emami, Hengameh. Generational Relations. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427234.003.0008.
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Researchers have paid attention to the significance of intergenerational research for several years (see Maxey, 2006; Punch, 2002; Skelton, 2000; Tucker, 2003; Valentine, 2003). Some important scholarly works have focused on intergenerationality and identities, particularly using intersectionality to understand people’s multiple identities (Crenshaw, 1993; Brah and Phoenix, 2004; Dwyer, 1999; Nayak, 2003; McDowell, 2003; Hopkins, 2006). Pain et al. (2001: 141) argue that ‘age is a social construction’and Hopkins et al. (2011) draw attention to the complexity of intergenerationality and its functions in the everyday lives of younger and older generations by examining the experiences of Christian families in Scotland. There are some influential scholarly works on the intergenerational identity of Scottish Muslim men (e.g. Hopkins, 2006), but there is still a dearth of intergenerational research on Scottish Muslim women’s identities. By intergenerational research, I mean the study of the differences and similarities – and the transformation between generations – in the Muslim community. This phenomenon is most evident in the dynamic relationship between mothers and daughters, but the interactions between other family members are also important.
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Caha, Pavel. Notes on Insertion in Distributed Morphology and Nanosyntax. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876746.003.0002.
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This chapter considers two questions that many people ask themselves (or should ask themselves). What is actually the difference between Nanosyntax (NS, Starke, 2009) and Distributed Morphology (DM, Halle and Marantz, 1993)? And which one of them is right? These questions remain as important now as they were some 15 years ago, when Michal Starke introduced the basics of the NS theory. Despite the fact that several written sources on NS have been available since 2007, there is still a lot of confusion about what NS actually is, and how NS and DM compare to each other. The present paper is an attempt to clear things up.
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Lindenmayer, David, David Blair, Lachlan McBurney, and Sam Banks. Mountain Ash. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486304981.
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Mountain Ash draws together exciting new findings on the effects of fire and on post-fire ecological dynamics following the 2009 wildfires in the Mountain Ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria. The book integrates data on forests, carbon, fire dynamics and other factors, building on 6 years of high-quality, multi-faceted research coupled with 25 years of pre-fire insights.
 
 Topics include: the unexpected effects of fires of varying severity on populations of large old trees and their implications for the dynamics of forest ecosystems; relationships between forest structure, condition and age and their impacts on fire severity; relationships between logging and fire severity; the unexpectedly low level of carbon stock losses from burned forests, including those burned at very high severity; impacts of fire at the site and landscape levels on arboreal marsupials; persistence of small mammals and birds on burned sites, including areas subject to high-severity fire, and its implications for understanding how species in this group exhibit post-fire recovery patterns.
 
 With spectacular images of the post-fire environment, Mountain Ash will be an important reference for scientists and students with interests in biodiversity, forests and fire.
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Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC, Higgins, Webb Philippa, Akande Dapo, Sivakumaran Sandesh, and Sloan James. Part 3 The United Nations: What it Does, 23 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808312.003.0023.
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The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was established by the General Assembly in 1950. UNHCR was initially created for a provisional period of three years, its being provided in the Statute that the arrangements for the Office were to be revisited at the eighth regular session of the General Assembly ‘with a view to determining whether the Office should be continued beyond 31 December 1953’. Between 1953 and 2003, the mandate of the UNHCR was extended periodically, for a period of five years at a time, making it more difficult for it to engage in long-term planning of its work. Only in 2004 did the General Assembly remove the temporal limitation attached to the UNHCR, authorizing the continuation of the Office ‘until the refugee problem is solved’. This chapter discusses the UNHCR’s position within the UN system, its structure, location, mandate, and role.
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Skillen, James R. This Land is My Land. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500699.001.0001.
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This Land Is My Land traces three periods of conservative rebellion against federal land authority over the last forty years—the Sagebrush Rebellion (1979–1982), the War for the West (1991–2000), and the Patriot Rebellion (2009–2016)—showing how they evolved from a regional rebellion waged by westerners with material interests in federal lands to a national rebellion against the federal administrative state. It explains how Western federal land issues were integrated into national conservative politics, and how federal land issues became inseparably linked to a wide range of constitutional issues, such as freedom of religious expression, private property rights, and gun rights. As a result, federal land issues became flashpoints in conservative status politics and American civil religion, leading to armed standoffs between citizens and federal law enforcement officers in 2014, 2015, and 2016. These conflicts illustrate both the profound challenges in multiple-use management of federal land and the violent potential in American civil religion.
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Sykes, Jim. The Musical Gift. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912024.001.0001.
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The Musical Gift tells Sri Lanka’s music history as a story of giving between humans and nonhumans, and between populations defined by ethnic and religious difference. Author Jim Sykes argues that the genres we currently recognize as Sri Lanka’s esteemed traditional musics were not originally about ethnic or religious identity but were gifts to gods intended to foster protection and/or healing. Noting that the currently assumed link between music and identity helped produce the narratives of ethnic difference that drove Sri Lanka’s civil war (1983–2009), Sykes contends that the promotion of histories of cultural interaction, exchange, and respect for difference through musical giving has a role to play in post-war reconciliation. The Musical Gift includes a study of how NGOs used music to promote reconciliation in Sri Lanka, the first ethnography of the plight of musicians during the war in the Tamil-dominated north and of Sinhala Buddhist drummers in the south, and a theorization of the relations between musical gifts and commodities. Eschewing a strict binary between the gift and identity, Sykes claims that the world’s music history is largely a story of entanglement between these paradigms. Drawing on fieldwork conducted widely across Sri Lanka over a span of eleven years, The Musical Gift brings anthropology’s canonic literature on “the gift” into music studies fully for the first time, while engaging with anthropology’s “ontological turn” and the “new materialism” in religious studies.
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Harding, David J., Anh P. Nguyen, Jeffrey D. Morenoff, and Shawn D. Bushway. Effects of Incarceration on Labor Market Outcomes Among Young Adults. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685898.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the effect of imprisonment on labor-market outcomes for young adults. The life-course framework suggests that imprisonment may be particularly consequential for young people making the transition to adulthood. It emphasizes the sequential connections between critical life events and the role of early events in establishing trajectories of advantage or disadvantage over the life course. Drawing on data on young adults sentenced for felonies between 2003 and 2006 in Michigan and leveraging a natural experiment based on the random assignment of judges, this chapter estimates the effect of imprisonment versus probation on various employment outcomes. Imprisonment has substantively large negative effects on employment. Effects are largest 1 year after sentencing, when incapacitation removes most prisoners from the labor market, but persist to the 5-year point. Effects are also larger for whites than nonwhites, reflecting low employment among nonwhites in the comparison group.
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Shaw, Daron R., Brian E. Roberts, and Mijeong Baek. The Appearance of Corruption. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197548417.001.0001.
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The sanctity of political speech is a key element of the U.S. Constitution and a cornerstone of the American republic. When the Supreme Court linked political speech to campaign finance in its landmark Buckley v. Valeo (1976) decision, the modern era of campaign finance regulation was born. In practical terms, this decision meant that in order to pass constitutional muster, any laws limiting money in politics must be narrowly tailored and serve a compelling state interest. The lone state interest the Court was willing to entertain was the mitigation of corruption. In order to reach this argument the Court advanced a sophisticated behavioral model, one with key assumptions about how laws will affect voters’ opinions and behavior. These assumptions have received surprisingly little attention in the literature. This book takes up the task of identifying and analyzing empirically the Court’s presumed links between campaign finance regulations and political opinions and behavior. In so doing, we rely on original survey data and experiments from 2009–2016 to openly confront the question of what happens when the Supreme Court is wrong, and when the foundation of over forty years of jurisprudence is simply not true.
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Brown, Katherine A. Your Country, Our War. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879402.001.0001.
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This book reviews how news intersects with international politics and discusses the global power and reach of the U.S. news media, especially within the context of the post-9/11 era. It is based on years of interviews conducted between 2009 and 2017, in Kabul, Washington, and New York. The book draws together communications scholarship on hegemony and the U.S. news media’s relationship with American society and the government (i.e. indexing and cascading; agenda-building and agenda-setting; framing; and conflict reportage) along with how national bias and ethnocentrism are fixed phenomena in international news. Given the longevity of the U.S. presence in Afghanistan and the Afghan news media’s dramatic proliferation since 2001, Afghanistan provides a fascinating case study for the role of journalists in conflict and diplomacy. By identifying, framing, and relaying narratives that affect the normative environment, U.S. correspondents have played unofficial diplomatic and developmental roles. They have negotiated the meaning of war and peace. Indirectly and directly, they have supported Afghan journalists in their professional growth. As a result, these foreign correspondents have not been merely observers to a story; they have been participants in it. The stories they choose to tell, and how they tell them, can become dominant narratives in global politics, and have directly affected events inside Afghanistan. The U.S. journalists did not just provide the first draft of history on this enduring post-9/11 entanglement between the United States and Afghanistan—they actively shaped it.
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William A, Schabas. Historical Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0001.
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This chapter presents a historical introduction to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. International criminal justice first became an issue of consequence at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Between the wars, both intergovernmental and professional bodies developed sophisticated proposals for an international criminal court. These efforts, however, stalled with the advent of the Second World War and Cold War, regained traction in the 1990s, and culminated with the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on July 17, 1998. The Statute entered into force on July 1, 2002. Within a year, the Court was fully operational. In June 2005, its first arrest warrants were issued and, in January 2009, its first trial began.
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Donlan, Chris. Individual Differences. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.66.
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This article discusses the results of three studies that have attempted to identify the factors underlying individual differences in mathematics. Holloway and Ansari (2009), explored the relation between basic number processing and attainment in primary school mathematics. Mazzocco et al. (2011) used a non-symbolic comparison task as an indicator of a preschool child’s Approximate Number System (ANS). Goebel et al. (2014), who tested the number knowledge of 173 six-year olds using a number identification task. All three studies tested specific hypotheses by making use of individual differences and associations between them. They also strongly validate two fundamental principles: that correlational models are limited by the measurements they contain, and that evidence consistent with a particular hypothesis does not necessarily constitute strong evidence in its favour. This article concludes by providing an overview of the topics covered in this book concerning individual differences in mathematics.
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Wise, Carol. Dragonomics. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300224092.001.0001.
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This book explores the impact of Chinese growth on Latin America since the early 2000s. Some twenty years ago, Chinese entrepreneurs headed to the Western Hemisphere in search of profits and commodities, specifically those that China lacked and that some Latin American countries held in abundance—copper, iron ore, crude oil, fishmeal and soybeans. Focusing largely on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru, the book traces the evolution of political and economic ties between China and these countries back to the 1950s and explores how more recent and ongoing interaction with China has shaped the respective political economies of these country cases. Drawing on the development economics literature as an analytical roadmap, the book offers two sets of findings. First, the three small, open economies—Chile, Costa Rica, and Peru—outperformed Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico by a wide margin during the China 2003–2013 boom and thereafter. Second, success in dealing with China has varied by sector, project, and country. The author argues that while opportunities for closer economic integration with China are seemingly infinite, so are the risks. The best outcomes have stemmed from endeavours where the rule of law, regulatory oversight, and a clear strategy exist on the Latin American side.
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Hertz, Rosanna, and Margaret K. Nelson. Connected Soul Mates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888275.003.0009.
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The Soul Mates network is distinctive on two counts. First, it is a large network with over twenty-two children. Second, it represents a turning point in network creation: the initial group formed when all of the children were toddlers. The children in this network thus have known about donor siblings for as long as they can remember. Among the members of this network one finds neither group cohesion nor bland disinterest. Rather the network provides opportunities for pairs of parents and pairs of children to find particular meaning in their relationships with each other. The fact that there is a medical issue of autism spectrum disorder (which might come from the donor) running through some offspring complicates—and sometimes intensifies —these relationships. Born between 2003 and 2006, the children interviewed are eleven- and twelve-year-olds.
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Chiovenda, Andrea. Crafting Masculine Selves. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190073558.001.0001.
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Crafting Masculine Selves represents a journey into the culture and psychological dynamics of a select group of Afghan Pashtun men. The book is based on eighteen months of fieldwork in a volatile area of Afghanistan, adjoining the border with Pakistan, carried out between 2009 and 2013. In addition to participant observation, the author employed a person-centered ethnographic methodology, wherein he conducted long-term, one-on-one interview sessions with four male individuals, and analyzed four additional life trajectories. The book unveils and chronicles how the creation and use of multiple subjectivities, and the unconscious, dissociative interplay that the individual maintains between them, is one of the “stratagems” with which individuals manage to make sense of what happens to them in real life, and to pragmatically inhabit personal circumstances that are often marred by conflict and violence, both at the interpersonal and at the political level. The main cultural thread the book investigates is that of masculinity, a crucial idiom in a very androcentric Pashtun society. Virtually all the interlocutors the book presents have to navigate deep private conflicts and contradictions related to how society expects them to be appropriate, proper men, against the backdrop of a sociopolitical Afghan context heavily impacted by almost forty years of uninterrupted war. Feeling constrained by the strict norms about a severe and honor-bound masculinity in a quickly changing Afghanistan, but equally striving to be culturally validated by their own peers, these men struggle to create and publicly legitimize their own, idiosyncratic way of being appropriate men. While they suffer at times the stern rebuke of their social environment, all the same they represent the seeds for a change of those very cultural norms.
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Lachniet, Matthew S., and Juan Pablo Bernal-Uruchurtu. AD 550–600 Collapse at Teotihuacan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0006.
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We analyze a 2400-year rainfall reconstruction from an ultra-high-resolution absolutely-dated stalagmite (JX-6) from southwestern Mexico (Lachniet et al., 2012). Oxygen isotope variations correlate strongly to rainfall amount in the Mexico City area since 1870 CE, and for the wider southwestern Mexico region since 1948, allowing us to quantitatively reconstruct rainfall variability for the Basin of Mexico and Sierra Madre del Sur for the past 2400 years. Because oxygen isotopes integrate rainfall variations over broad geographic regions, our data suggest substantial variations in Mesoamerican monsoon strength over the past two millennia. As a result of low age uncertainties (≤ 11 yr), our stalagmite paleoclimate reconstruction allows us to place robust ages on past rainfall variations with a resolution an order of magnitude more precise than archeological dates associated with societal change. We relate our new rainfall reconstruction to the sequence of events at Teotihuacan (Millon, 1967; Cowgill, 2015a) and to other pre-Colombian civilizations in Mesoamerica. We observe a centuries long drying trend that culminated in peak drought conditions in ca. 750 CE related to a weakening monsoon, which may have been a stressor on Mesoamerican societies. Teotihuacan is an ideal location to test for links between climate change and society, because it was located in a semi-arid highland valley with limited permanent water sources, which relied upon spring fed irrigation to ensure a reliable maize harvest (Sanders, 1977). The city of Teotihuacan was one of the largest Mesoamerican cities, which apparently reached population sizes of 80,000 to 100,000 inhabitants by AD 300 (Cowgill, 1997; 2015a). Following the “Great Fire”, which dates approximately to AD 550, population decreased to lower levels and many buildings were abandoned (Cowgill, 2015). Because of the apparent reliance on rainwater capture (Linn é, 2003) and spring-fed agriculture in the Teotihuacan valley to ensure food security and drinking water, food production and domestic water supplies should have been sensitive to rainfall variations that recharge the surficial aquifer that sustained spring discharge prior recent groundwater extraction.
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Ghalehdar, Payam. The Origins of Overthrow. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695859.001.0001.
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Why has regime change figured so recurrently in US foreign policy? Between 1906 and 2011, the United States forcibly intervened in at least sixteen states, targeting their domestic political authority structure. Accounts thus far in International Relations scholarship fail to provide sound explanations for this pattern. Their premise that the United States seeks national security, economic benefits, or democracy in the target state is put into doubt by studies that demonstrate the limited success of most US regime change interventions. Focusing on the emotional state of US presidents, this book presents a novel explanation for the recurrence of forcible regime change in US foreign policy. It argues that regime change becomes an attractive foreign policy tool to US presidents when emotional frustration grips them. Emotional frustration, the book’s core concept, is an emotional state that comprises hegemonic expectations, perceptions of hatred in target state obstructions, and negative affect. Once instigated, it shapes both presidential preferences and strategies, carrying with it both a desire for removing foreign leaders as the perceived source of frustration and a turn to military aggression. Based on a wealth of declassified government sources, the empirical part of the book illustrates how emotional frustration has time and again shaped US regime change decisions. Spanning two world regions—the Western Hemisphere and the Middle East—and roughly one hundred years of US foreign policy, the book traces the emotional state of US presidents in five regime change episodes—Cuba 1906, Nicaragua 1909–1912, the Dominican Republic 1963–1965, Iran 1979–1980, and Iraq 2001–2003.
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VanSickle-Ward, Rachel, and Kevin Wallsten. The Politics of the Pill. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675349.001.0001.
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This book assesses the impact of gender in shaping debates over birth control in the United States. While situating itself in the appropriate historical context, this book’s primary focus is on the controversies surrounding insurance coverage of contraception between Congress’s 2009 deliberations over the Affordable Care Act and the Supreme Court’s 2016 ruling in Zubik v. Burwell. Specifically, the book addresses three interrelated questions about the politics of the pill during this often contentious seven-year period: Who spoke? What did they say? Did it matter? In answering these questions, the book casts a wide net, examining legislative floor debates, committee hearings, statutory wording, amicus briefs, media coverage, Supreme Court rulings, and public opinion polls. Throughout this examination, the book emphasizes the ways in which contraception fit into broader conversations about morality, women’s agency, and reproductive health, and it considers how gender intersected with other identities (e.g., religion and partisanship), in driving media frames, policy narratives, and political attitudes. The book’s central argument is that who has a voice significantly impacts policy deliberation and outcomes. While women’s participation in contraception debates was limited by a lack of gender parity in the media, the legislatures, and the courts, women nevertheless shaped policy making on birth control in myriad and interconnected ways. Put simply, the inclusion and exclusion of women is essential to understanding the tenor, quantity, and quality of contraception debates across time, place, and venue.
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Gilmore, Sir Ian, and William Gilmore. Alcohol. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0339.
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Alcohol has been used for thousands of years and, indeed, in very different ways. Two thousand years ago, the occupying Romans sipped wine regularly but reasonably moderately, and marvelled at the local English serfs who celebrated bringing in their crops with brief episodes of unrivalled drunkenness. The use of alcohol was not only tolerated but sometimes encouraged by the ruling classes as a way of subjugating the population and dulling their awareness of the conditions in which they had to live and work. The adverse impact of gin consumption was famously recorded by Hogarth’s painting of ‘Gin Lane’ but, at the same time, beer was reckoned a safer alternative to water for fluid intake and was linked to happiness and prosperity in the sister painting of ‘Beer Street’. It was against the ‘pernicious use of strong liquors’ and not beer that the president of the Royal College of Physicians, John Friend, petitioned Parliament in 1726. Some desultory attempts were made by Parliament in the eighteenth century to introduce legislation in order to tax and control alcohol production but they were eventually repealed. It was really the onset of the Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century England that brought into sharp relief the wasted productivity and lost opportunity from excess consumption. England moved from a rural, relatively disorganized workforce to an urban, more closely scrutinized and supervised one—for instance, in factories, where men needed their wits about them to work heavy machinery, workers that were absent (in body or mind) were noticed. And, in Victorian Britain, there arose a greater social conscience—an awareness, for example, of the harm, through neglect, inflicted on the children of those who spent their wages and their days in an alcoholic stupor. Nonetheless, the per capita consumption of alcohol in the UK at the end of the nineteenth century was greater than it is today. It fell progressively through the first half of the twentieth century, with two marked dips. The first coincided with the introduction of licensing hours restrictions during the First World War, and the second with the economic depression of the 1930s. Following the Second World War, there was a doubling of alcohol consumption between 1950 and the present day, to about 10 l of pure alcohol per capita. There has been a small fall of 9% in the last 5 years; this may be, in part, related to the changing ethnic mix and increasing number of non-drinkers. There has always been a mismatch between the self-reported consumption in lifestyle questionnaires, and the data from customs and excise, with the latter being 40% greater. From the latter, it can be estimated that the average consumption of non-teetotal adults in England is 25 units (0.25 l of pure alcohol) per week, which is well above the recommended limits of 14 units for women, and 21 units for men. Of course, average figures hide population differences, and it is estimated that the heaviest-consuming 10% of the population account for 40% of that drunk. While men continue to drink, on average, about twice the amount that women do, the rate of rise of consumption in women has been steeper. Average consumption is comparable across socio-economic groups but there is evidence of both more teetotallers and more drinking in a harmful way in the poorest group. In 2007, 13% of those aged 11–15 admitted that they had drunk alcohol during the previous week. This figure is falling, but those who do drink are drinking more. The average weekly consumption of pupils who drink is 13 units/week. Binge drinking estimates are unreliable, as they depend on self-reporting in questionnaires. In the UK, they are taken as drinking twice the daily recommended limits of 4 units for men, and 3 units for women, on the heaviest drinking day in the previous week. In 2010, 19% of men, and 12% of women, admitted to binge drinking, with the figures being 24% and 17%, respectively, for those aged 16–24. The preferred venue for drinking in the UK has changed markedly, mainly in response to the availability of cheap supermarket drink. Thirty years ago, the vast majority of alcohol was consumed in pubs and restaurants, whereas, in 2009, the market share of off-licence outlets was 65%. However, drinkers under 24 years of age still drink predominantly away from home. The UK per capita consumption is close to the European average, but consumption has been falling in Mediterranean countries and rising in northern and eastern Europe. Europe has the highest consumption of all continents, but there is undoubtedly massive under-reporting in many countries, particularly because of local unregulated production and consumption. It is estimated that less than 10% of consumption is captured in statistics in parts of Africa.
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Donaghy, Michael. The clinical approach. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0030.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter describes the appropriate clinical approach to take when presented with a patient reporting a neurological symptom. Just under 10 per cent of the population consult their general practitioner about a neurological symptom each year in the United Kingdom. About 10 per cent of these are referred for a specialist opinion, usually to a neurologist. Nine conditions account for roughly 75 per cent of general neurological referrals and are diagnosed initially on purely clinical grounds, with the other 25 per cent representing the full range of other, potentially very rare, neurological disorders.This chapter underlines the importance of a thorough and informative history to achieve successful diagnosis. Crucial facets for a good history include information on the time course of symptom development, whether symptoms are negative or positive, previous neurological history (both personal and familial), as well as other potentially contributory general medical disorders. The general neurological examination is also described, as are specific examination manoeuvres that may be added to the general neurological examination in specific clinical circumstances.Reflexes play an important role in diagnostic neurology because they reflect the integrity of, or alterations in, the neural structures responsible for their arc. Loss of a reflex may be due to interruption of the afferent path by a lesion involving the first sensory neurone in the peripheral nerves, plexuses, spinal nerves, or dorsal roots, by damage to the central paths of the arc in the brainstem or spinal cord, by lesions of the lower motor neurone at any point between the anterior horn cells and the muscles, of the muscles themselves, or by the neural depression produced by neural shock. In clinical practice, the most useful and oft-elicited reflexes are the tendon reflexes of the limbs, the jaw jerk, the plantar response, the superficial abdominal reflexes, the pupil-light response, and in infants, the Moro reflex. The place of these particular reflexes in the routine neurological examination is outlined, and the elicitation and significance of these reflexes and of a wide variety of others which are used occasionally are described.Examinations that allow localization lesions that are responsible for muscle weaknesses and the assessment of somatosensory abnormalities are described, as are neurological disorders that result in identifiable gait disorders. The clinical signs and examinations relevant to autonomic disorders are also discussed.Intensive care may be required for patients critically ill either as a result of primary neurological disease, or in those in whom a neurological disorder is a component of, or secondary to, a general medical disorder. Indications for admission to neurological intensive care have been defined (Howard et al. 2003): impaired consciousness, bulbar muscle failure, severe ventilatory respiratory failure, uncontrolled seizures, severely raised intracranial pressure, some monitoring and interventional treatments, and unforeseen general medical complications. Naturally specific treatments indicated for the particular diagnosis should be instituted along with general intensive care measures.Finally, the discussion of diagnoses of chronic or terminal conditions with patients is discussed, with particular focus on the best way to present the diagnosis to the patient.
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Lagerwall, Anne, and François Dubuisson. The Threat of the Use of Force and Ultimata. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0043.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter deals with international law governing the threat of force. More specifically, it discusses the conditions under which an act may be considered a threat of force contrary to the UN Charter. It shows that a threat is unlawful under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter when the use of force contemplated by the threat would itself be unlawful. The chapter also examines the application of the rule prohibiting the threat of force by focusing on three cases: the US and British threats of force against Iraq in 2002 and 2003; the dispute between Suriname and Guyana in 2007; and the conflict involving Russia and Georgia in 2009.
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Schilt, Thibaut. The Fabric of Desire. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036002.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter presents a commentary on François Ozon's entire film career to date. It suggests that despite tremendous diversity in terms of cinematic choices (on generic, formal, and thematic levels), Ozon's oeuvre is decidedly consistent in its desire to blur the traditional frontiers between the masculine and the feminine, gay and straight, reality and fantasy, auteur and commercial cinema. The moving fabrics mentioned above are a leitmotif that visually represents the permeability of those frontiers. The chapter begins by exploring the director's own path to filmmaking before considering the colorful cast of characters in the short films that Ozon wrote and directed between 1988 and 1998. It then moves on to an analysis of his feature films: Sitcom (1998), Les amants criminels (1999), 8 femmes (2002), Sous le sable (2000), Swimming Pool (2003), Le temps qui reste (2005), Gouttes d'eau sur pierres brûlantes (2000), 5x2 (2004), and Ricky (2009).
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McDonald, Peter D. Beyond Translation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725152.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Seen in the context of the hopes the ICIC and then UNESCO invested in translation as a way of securing world peace, this chapter traces the career of the leading Afrikaans writer Antjie Krog from her debut as a young avant- garde poet writing exclusively in Afrikaans to her later work as a prose writer who chose creative non-fiction and English as additional literary media. The chapter shows how Krog, like Joyce before her, betrayed the ‘genius’ of her ‘mother tongue’ from within but not the language itself, and how she then developed, again like Joyce, a conception of translation as a radical process of mutual transformation between languages and cultures. After considering some of her early work, the chapter focuses on Lady Anne (1989), A Change of Tongue (2003), and There was this Goat (2009), a collaborative project Krog co-authored with Nosisi Mpolweni and Kopano Ratele.