Journal articles: 'Bevel gear'

1

Wu, Xun Cheng, Jing Tao Han, and Jia Fu Wang. "A Mathematical Model for the Generated Gear Tooth Surfaces of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.384.

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It is an important and fundamental work to establish a general mathematical model for the gear tooth surfaces of spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Based on the three-axis CNC bevel gear machine, a mathematical model with the equations of the radial position vector, the normal unit vector and the second order parameters for the generated gear tooth surfaces of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is established. The mathematical model can be used for the gear tooth surfaces generated in different types on both the three-axis CNC bevel gear machine and the cradle bevel gear machine. As an application example of the mathematical model, the generating motions of the cradle bevel gear machine are determined.

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Li, Qiang, Wen He, Hong Bo Yan, and Hong Xiang Zhang. "Logarithmic Spiral Bevel Gear Tooth Contact Inspection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1345.

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Introduction of spiral bevel gear tooth contact detection method, detection method based on the principle of EPG in the Y9550-type bevel gear roll tester on a pair of spiral bevel gear tooth contact area of sample detection experiment, obtained by experiment logarithmic spiral bevel gear contact area of the location, shape and size of the result. The experimental results with the Gleason spiral bevel gear contact area and the ideal number of spiral bevel gears on the contact area were compared, obtained on the number of spiral bevel gear tooth contact of the correlation.

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3

Lin, Zheng, and Li Gang Yao. "General Mathematical Model of Internal Meshing Spiral Bevel Gears for Nutation Drive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.708.

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The general mathematical model of internal meshing spiral bevel gears for nutation drive is studied. Based on conventional enveloping theory and transmission principle, the meshing of two spiral bevel gears in nutation drive was substituted by the meshing of an imaginary rotating crown gear engaging with the external and internal bevel gear respectively. The general mathematical model of crown gear was established. Then the general mathematical model of internal meshing spiral bevel gears is obtained by matrix transformation, which is suitable for a variety of gear tooth profiles. Finally, the mathematical model and 3D modeling of double circular-arc spiral bevel gears are developed.

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4

Wu, Xiu Hai. "Parametric Modeling for Spiral Bevel Gear Based on PRO/E." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 1062–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.1062.

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The author describes tooth profile formatting mechanism of spherical involute spiral bevel gear based on Principles of Gear conjugate, establishes the mathematical model of spiral bevel gears. The precise spherical involute of spiral bevel gears is generated with parametric modeling idea and th secondary development method based on PROGRAM of PRO/E software. Finally, a complete spherical three-dimensional modeling of the involute spiral bevel gear is established, which provides a method of parametric design and manufacturing of spiral bevel gears.

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Michalczewski, Remigiusz, Marek Kalbarczyk, Waldemar Tuszynski, and Marian Szczerek. "The Scuffing Resistance of WC/C Coated Spiral Bevel Gears." Key Engineering Materials 604 (March 2014): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.604.36.

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One of the main problems with the operation of spiral bevel gears is related to very severe conditions in the contact of the meshing teeth; therefore, lubrication is very difficult, which increases the risk of scuffing occurrence. One of the ways to achieve better scuffing resistance is by the deposition of a low-friction coating on the bevel gears teeth. Gear scuffing tests were performed using a bevel gear test rig designed and manufactured at ITeE-PIB. The authorial bevel gear scuffing test was performed. Specially designed, spiral bevel gears were used for testing. Two material combinations were tested: uncoated pinion - coated wheel and, for reference, both gears without coatings. The a-C:H:W (trade name WC/C) coating of DLC type was deposited on the wheel teeth. A mineral, automotive gear oil of API GL-5 performance level was used for lubrication. It is shown that the resistance to scuffing may be significantly improved when the a-C:H:W coating is deposited on the spiral bevel gear teeth.

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6

Xu, Yan Wei. "Research on Machining Simulation of Large Scale Spiral Bevel Gear Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.610.

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The machining coordinate system of spiral bevel gear machine tool is established through analyzing the machining mechanism of spiral bevel gear, and the three dimensional structure model of large scale spiral bevel gear machine tool is also established using the new cutting feed method. The numerical control machining model of large scale spiral bevel gear machine tool is proposed. Finally, the machining simulation of one pair of given large scale spiral bevel gears has been done, the result indicates that the machining simulation model meets the prospective design requirement.

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Lin, Zheng, and Li Gang Yao. "Mathematical Model and 3D Modeling of Involute Spiral Bevel Gears for Nutation Drive." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.503.

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The mathematical model and 3D modeling of involute spiral bevel gears for nutation drive are considered. The basic tooth profile of involute is composed of involute curve and dedendum transition curve, and the equations have been established. The mathematical model of crown gear with involute profile is obtained, and then the mathematical models of the involute spiral bevel gears are developed. The tooth surface modeling of involute spiral bevel gear is proposed, and the 3D modeling of the involute spiral bevel gear for nutation drive is illustrated.

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Chen, Yang Zhi, and Xiong Dun Xie. "Two-step method of nanosecond pulse laser ablation manufacturing of miniature bevel line gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 1-2 (July 7, 2020): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405420932445.

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Miniature gears have important research value and application prospects in micro-scale machinery. The existing manufacturing methods for miniature gears produce spur gears on the micron scale and spur, helical and bevel gears on the millimetre scale. However, there is no mature process for gears on the micron scale for angular transmissions, such as bevel gears. This article reports for the first time the micro-machining of a miniature bevel gear with an external size of 1–2 mm based on a novel gear structure: the bevel line gear. First, a novel manufacturing method, namely the two-step method of nanosecond pulse laser ablation (NSPLA), is proposed. Then, a sample of a miniature bevel line gear is fabricated from 6061 aluminium alloy with a top angle of 90°, external diameter of 1375 μm, tooth number of 3 and average tooth width of 20 μm. Finally, the accuracy of the sample is studied to confirm the practicability of the proposed method.

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9

O¨zel, Cihan, Ali I˙nan, and Latif O¨zler. "An Investigation on Manufacturing of the Straight Bevel Gear Using End Mill by CNC Milling Machine." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1863256.

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Accurate manufacturing of bevel gears is an important problem for small workshops because the module milling cutters used for manufacturing are not accurate enough for the task. In this study, manufacturing of straight bevel gears is investigated by using end mills in CNC milling with a vertical machining center. By using this method, use of auxiliary apparatus, special cutters (such as the circular cutter, the rack cutter, etc.), and special machine tools are not required. For the study, first the straight bevel gear was modeled by Tredgold’s approach and manufacturing equations of the straight bevel gear were obtained. For the straight bevel gear manufacturing, a macro program was prepared and used. Afterward, the straight bevel gear was manufactured by using this program in a CNC milling machine, the Dyna 2900 machine. The results of the measurement data for a single tooth on the gear manufactured and the theoretical values are presented and discussed.

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10

Fong, Zhang-Hua, and Chung-Biau Tsay. "The Undercutting of Circular-Cut Spiral Bevel Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2916949.

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Undercutting is a serious problem in designing spiral bevel gears with small numbers of teeth. Conditions of undercutting for spiral bevel gears vary with the manufacturing methods. Based on the theory of gearing [1], the tooth geometry of the Gleason type circular-cut spiral bevel gear is mathematically modeled. The sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence and regularity of the generated gear tooth surfaces are investigated. The conditions of undercutting for a circular-cut spiral bevel gear are defined by the sufficient conditions of the regular gear tooth surface. The derived undercutting equations can be applicable for checking the undercutting conditions of spiral bevel gears manufactured by the Gleason Duplex Method, Helical Duplex Method, Fixed Setting Method, and Modified Roll Method. An example is included to illustrate the application of the proposed undercut checking equations.

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11

Lin, Chao, Yu Jie Hou, Qing Long Zeng, Hai Gong, Ling Nie, and Hua Qiu. "Study and Experimental Analysis of Oval Bevel Gear Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2263.

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Oval bevel gear is introduced as a new gear transmission type of intersecting axes, in which high-order, denaturing and eccentric one are included. Based on the theory of spatial engagement, spatial spherical coordinate system of the noncircular bevel gearing was developed and a generalized tooth profile equation of noncircular bevel gears was also proposed. The gear profile can be enveloped for the generating movement between conical cutter and oval bevel gear according to the envelope principle of conjugate profiles. Then a new and general parametric design method for oval bevel gear was founded. The classification and gear variability condition of oval bevel gear were discussed. Meanwhile, its pitch curve, addendum and dedendum curve were studied, and the corresponding equations were deduced. A roll check experiment is performed on the prototype workpiece. Then the influences of motor speed and load on transmission ratio were analyzed. Finally, the design method, profile generation method and manufacture method of oval bevel gear were certified as correct by comparing experimental curve of transmission ratio with theoretical one.

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12

Hua, Xia, and Zaigang Chen. "Effect of roller bearing elasticity on spiral bevel gear dynamics." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 7 (July 2020): 168781402093889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020938895.

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The dynamics of spiral bevel gears have gained increasing importance due to concerns relating to noise and durability. This is because the mesh force acting on the gear teeth is amplified under dynamic conditions, potentially reducing the fatigue life of the gears. Furthermore, a sizable dynamic force can be transmitted to the housing, inducing structure-born gear whine. The elasticity of the bearings can influence the dynamics of spiral bevel gears. In this article, the finite element formulation of a spiral bevel geared rotor dynamic system is applied to investigate the influence of bearing elasticity on the dynamics of spiral bevel gears. The designs and configurations of rear axles are modeled and analyzed for real-world applications, to gain an enhanced practical understanding of the effect of bearing stiffness on spiral bevel gear dynamics.

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13

Cai, Gai Pin, Xiao Hui Zhao, and Hong Tao Su. "The Finite Element Simulation Used in Straight Tooth Bevel Gear’s Vibration Rotary Forging." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1716.

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Vibration rotary forging is a complex precision forming process. In the forming process, the addition of the vibration make the boundary condition and the friction condition of the gear blank and the mould changed with the rotation of the head, which lead the forming process of the spur bevel gears become more complicated. Using the rigid-plastic finite element method to study the metal flow law and the stress distribution of the gear blank during the forming process of the spur bevel gears. Using the DEFORM-3D finite element analysis software to simulate and analysis the forming process of the spur bevel gear, in order to get the forming law of the bevel gear during the different type of the vibration parameters.

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Wang, Chun Xiang, Jing Qiang Zhang, and Zhi Jun Liu. "Reverse on the Spiral Bevel Gear’s Teeth Profile Line." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1596.

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For the purposes of spiral bevel gears of cycloid gear is more and more extensive, the research on the reverse are rare phenomenon, this paper puts forward a reverse method: It’s based on three coordinates measuring system for prolate epicycloids’ bevel gear teeth profile. This method according to the forming principle of the spiral bevel gear tooth profile, with the back cone expanding the measured data of a group of good quality after simple processing, according to the involutes’ parameter equation for theoretical analysis, reverse out the base circle radius and modulus, make the bevel gear tooth profiles to reverse.

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15

Zhuang, Wuhao, Lin Hua, Xinghui Han, and Liying Dong. "Distribution of Microstructure and Vickers Hardness in Spur Bevel Gear Formed by Cold Rotary Forging." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 809276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/809276.

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Cold rotary forging is a novel metal forming technology which is widely used to produce the high performance gears. Investigating the microstructure and mechanical property of cold rotary forged gears has a great significance in improving their service performance. In this study, the grain morphology in different regions of the spur bevel gear which is processed by cold rotary forging is presented. And the distribution regulars of the grain deformation and Vickers hardness in the transverse and axial sections of the gear tooth are studied experimentally. A three-dimensional rigid-plastic FE model is developed to simulate the cold rotary forging process of a spur bevel gear under the DEFORM-3D software environment. The variation of effective strain in the spur bevel gear has been investigated so as to explain the distribution regulars of the microstructure and Vickers hardness. The results of this research thoroughly reveal the inhomogeneous deformation mechanisms in cold rotary forging of spur bevel gears and provide valuable guidelines for improving the performance of cold rotary forged spur bevel gears.

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16

Osakue, Edward, Lucky Anetor, and Kendall Harris. "Contact stress in helical bevel gears." FME Transactions 49, no. 3 (2021): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2103519o.

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Helical bevel gears have inclined or twisted teeth on a conical surface and the common types are skew, spiral, zerol, and hypoid bevel gears. However, this study does not include hypoid bevel gears. Due to the geometric complexities of bevel gears, commonly used methods in their design are based on the concept of equivalent or virtual spur gear. The approach in this paper is based on the following assumptions, a) the helix angle of helical bevel gears is equal to mean spiral angle, b) the pitch diameter at the backend is defined as that of a helical gear, and c) the Tredgold's approximation is applied to the helical gear. Upon these premises, the contact stress capacity of helical bevel gears is formulated in explicit design parameters. The new contact stress capacity model is used to estimate the contact stress in three gear systems for three application examples and compared with previous solutions. Differences between the new estimated results and the previous solutions vary from -3% and -11%, with the new estimates being consistently but marginally or slightly lower than the previous solution values. Though the differences appear to be small, they are significant because the durability of gears is strongly influenced by the contact stress. For example, a 5% reduction in contact stress may result in almost 50% increase in durability in some steel materials. The equations developed do not apply to bevel crown gears.

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17

Tsiafis, Ioannis, Polychronia Mamouri, and Kyriakos Kyriakidis. "Design of a spiral bevel gear acc. to ISO 23509:2006 standards." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801020.

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When the transmitting of power and torque between parts of a machine requires high efficiency, the most appropriate type of gears are the bevel gears. The two main forms of bevel gears are straight and spiral bevel gears. Manufacturing of bevel gears has been implemented using dedicated bevel gear cutting machines. These machines make the production of this type of gears quite costly. This is the main reason that forced many manufacturers start using CNC milling machines for cutting bevel gears. A combination of a 5-axis milling center machine and a modern computer aided manufacturing (CAM) system that supports a vast number of complicated machining procedures, offers the opportunity of machining high quality bevel gears. This paper concerns the presentation of a program written in MATLAB that calculates the basic designing features of a bevel gear pair, as they described by ISO standard. It is also presented the calculated tooth profiling that is used in order to be designed a 3-D model of the gears in a CAD software.

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18

Wang, Bin, Yunpeng He, Peiyao Feng, Xun Sun, Aijun Xu, Jubo Li, Tianxing Li, Xinjie Jia, and Bo Zhang. "Digitized Modeling and Machining Simulation of Equal Base Bevel Gear." ITM Web of Conferences 17 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181701015.

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In order to achieve the NC machining to the equal base circle bevel gear with a standard cutter, to plan the machining path efficiently and to predict machining interference, based on the equal base circle bevel gear theory, the machining coordinate system for the bevel gear was established, according to gear tooth surface equations of the bevel gears, the tooth surface discretization function was derived, and through the calculation and get the discrete points, the gear surface was modeled in the software UG, and then the planning of the machining path, automatic programming and simulation processing were done. At last, simulation processing, analysis and comparison to the gear surface were carried on with the software VERICUT, improved that the gear surface modeling and NC machining methods were correct and feasible.

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Al-Shareedah, E. M., and T. F. Lehnhoff. "General Plate Formula for Bevel Gears with Back Shoulder." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 3 (September 1985): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1985-0019.

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Strength of bevel gears can be increased substantially if a web support is provided the back of their teeth. This web can be obtained by either cutting gears through a special gear manufacturing operation, or through the technique of gear forging. In this analysis, the strength due to this back web support is investigated. The new gear tooth configuration, which resembles a plate supported at two adjacent edges is analyzed. The variational energy approach and a finite element modelling technique was also used to analyze six bevel gears. The resulting design equation describes the characteristics of deflection of this new bevel gear tooth more closely than the well-known Lewis design equation.

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Wu, Su Zhen, Jing Wang, and Xue Liang Sui. "Research on NC Technologies of Loxodromic Normal-Arc Bevel Gear." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.570.

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Normal circular-arc spiral bevel gear is a new type gear based on Bertrand conjugation principle. Normal circular-arc bevel gear selects directrix on the basis of paying attention to machining planning process. When the directrix serves as loxodrome, the formed tooth profile surface not only has fine transmissibility like general arc bevel gear, but also is convenient to machining. Starting with differential geometry, the geometry nature and inner relationship of Bertrand conjugation surface are studied. Then the normal circular-arc surface id put forward which is a typical Bertrand surface; the conjugation theory of loxodrome normal circular-arc bevel gears is studied. The characters of loxodrome line are analyzed. The tooth profile of loxodrome normal circular-arc bevel gears, the primary condition the directrix line must be satisfied, the relative curvature of the conjugating surfaces, the relations between non-interventional condition and curvature axle of the directrix line is provided; the NC machining theory of normal circular-arc bevel gears is studied, including the designing and manufacture of the tool, the movement of the machine, the adjustment of the tool under the condition of tangency and non-interventional condition and so on.

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21

Zhang, Fang You, Xi Jie Tian, Huan Yong Cui, and Tai Ran Liu. "The Method of Accurate Variable Curvature Crowning of Involute Straight Bevel Gear." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1705.

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Involute straight bevel gear pair often appears the phenomenons of meshing interference, impact and "end contact" in the course of meshing. Usually, symmetrical crowning is adopted to improve above phenomenons, however, due to the influence of complicated tooth loads and other complicated factors, the symmetrical crowned gear may not reach a good modification effect. In this paper, we adopt target variable curvature crowning according to the specific conditions of bevel gears in order to obtain good modification effect, nevertheless, because of the complexity of the variable curvature crowning, the conventional method of using space spherical involute stretch and sweep standard gear model to remove tooth surface materials has been unable to meet the accurate requirements of the variable curvature crowned model, at the same time, this method can not realize parametric modeling of modification bevel gear. Therefore, this paper puts forward an easy to realize parametric modeling method of accurate variable curvature crowning for involute straight bevel gear based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA, Imageware, Matlab and Solidworks. This method can realize the accurate modeling for variable curvature crowned involute straight bevel gear and ensure the accuracy of modification gears and follow-up finite element simulation, meanwhile, it provides theoretical basis for parametric modeling of variable curvature crowned involute straight bevel gear. Finally, the superiority of variable curvature crowning is tested through numerical simulation under specific conditions.

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Liu, Kai, Bo Liang Xu, Fang Li, and Yang Wei Wang. "Research on Spiral Bevel Gear NC Machining Control Method." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.549.

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Based on spiral bevel gear NC manufacture principle and generating motion of the generating gear and the work gear, the NC generation of spiral bevel gear cutting is realized by means of the vector transformation. As sophisticated calculation of the transformation is hard to implement in each interpolation cycle of NC machining, the coordinated motion of NC coordinate axes is expressed as quintic parametric spline functions, which use the rotation angle of the work gear as the parameter. The constrained optimization method of three design variables is established to obtain contacting points of gear tooth surfaces, which are acquired by solving nonlinear equations sets traditionally. The condition of normal coincidence is simplified and the object function of the equal position vectors of mating gears is established. The contacting points of gear tooth surfaces can be used for tooth contact analysis. The parametric curve interpolator is combined with spiral bevel gear NC machining, and is applied to the self-developed spiral bevel gear NC milling machine to control the gear cutting. Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective in the control of NC machining for the spiral bevel gear.

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Wang, Bin, Chenxiao Yan, Jubo Li, Peiyao Feng, Shuaipu Wang, Shuo Chen, and Jianxin Su. "Residual Stress and Deformation Analysis in Machining Split Straight Bevel Gears." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2020.7064.

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In the machining of split straight bevel gears, the stiffness changes and internal stress are redistributed, which leads to serious deformation of the gear blank after machining. To rectify this problem, q finite element model is established by transforming the processing information of the gear blank into the finite element simulation calculation information, and the gear machining simulation of split straight bevel gear is carried out. Considering the material, design, and machining process of the gear blank, the characteristics and laws of internal stress variation during the gear machining are studied, and the internal mechanism and deformation law of split straight bevel gear are explored. Finally, the gear machining experiment, and the gear blank measurement are carried out. The results show that the deformation law of simulation is consistent with that of the experiment and the deformation characteristics of the split straight bevel gear are consistent with the change law of initial residual stress.

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Molyneux, W. G. "The internal bevel gear and its applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 211, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954410971532488.

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Information on bevel gears and their applications is comprehensive where external bevel gears are concerned but proves to be more scarce when related to internal bevel gears, despite the fact that there are isolated practical examples of the use of such gears that have demonstrated their effectiveness in demanding transmission situations. In what follows a unique family of transmissions is examined, based solely on a particular layout of internal and external bevel gear combinations, that aims to demonstrate the wide ranging, largely unexploited, potential of transmission systems of this kind.

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Yang, Lin, Peng Zhang, and Yuan Tao Wang. "Research on Processing of Large-Size Spiral Bevel Gear CNC Machine Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3466.

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In this paper, a new type of large-size spiral bevel gear machine is used as a model to study the structural characteristics of spiral bevel gears. Geometric and mathematical models of the machine tool are established. According to the processing principle of spiral bevel gear by forming method with disc cutter, the position and angle of cutter relative to the workpiece are researched.The tool motion is converted to the machine tool coordinate system by coordinate transformation, then the tool trajectory can be obtained to provide the basis for the processing of spiral bevel gears.

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Mo, Shuai, Ting Zhang, Guoguang Jin, Shengping Zhu, Jiabei Gong, and Jingyang Bian. "Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Characteristics of Spiral Bevel Gear Subjected to Shot Peening Treatment." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (June 10, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3043712.

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High speed and heavy load put forward demanding requirements for the bending strength of spiral bevel gear. Shot peening, as a technological method, can greatly improve the bending strength of gear. During shot peening, a large number of subtle projectiles bombard the tooth surface of spiral bevel gear at an extremely high speed, which makes the latter produce plastic deformation and strengthened layer. Serving as the bombarded target, spiral bevel gear inevitably leads to the change of tooth surfaces microstructure. This paper aims at revealing the coupling law between microstructure and lubrication characteristics and establishing a reasonable model that can describe the tooth surface microstructure of shot peened spiral bevel gear. Besides, this paper brings insight into the lubrication characteristics of shot peened spiral bevel gears. Based on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theory, a comparative research on tooth surface lubrication characteristics has been conducted by various microscopic morphologies in this study.

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Wu, Xun Cheng, and Cong Li. "Function-Oriented Design and Verification of Point-Contact Tooth Surfaces of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears with the Generated Gear." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.675.

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Establishing a general technical platform for the function-oriented design of point-contact tooth surfaces of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is an important and fundamental work. Based on the three-axis CNC bevel gear machine, a general mathematical model for the generated gear tooth surfaces of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is established. According to the principle and the method for the function-oriented design of point-contact tooth surfaces, the locus of spatial tooth contact points on the tooth surface is described on the axial plane of the gear, and then the formulae for the design with the generated gear are derived from the mathematical model. The mathematical model and the formulae can be used in the function-oriented design of point-contact tooth surfaces with the gear generated in different types on both the three-axis CNC bevel gear machine and the conventional cradle one. A theoretical method for the verification of point-contact tooth surfaces is proposed and the formulae for the verification are presented. And lastly an example is given to demonstrate the function-oriented design of point-contact tooth surfaces of the hypoid gear drive with the generated gear.

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Wang, Nan, and Sheng Ze Wang. "Calculation of Bevel Noncircular Gears' Contact Ratio and Data Range." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.439.

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The contact ratio of noncircular gears is variational, much more complicated than the contact ratio of the spur gear. Because the contact ratio of straight noncircular gear is always less than 2, its property of steady transmission is less than the bevel noncircular gear. Withal the thesis exports the calculation method of the bevel noncircular gears contact ratio and its variation range,and gives the relative computing examples .

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Ding, Yuan, Xia Li, Yong Ji Yang, Shi Qiang Ma, and Yue Xue Pan. "Ascertainment of Machine Tool Adjustment and Processing Parameters for Spiral Bevel Gears in a Heavy Vehicle Main Driving System." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 2030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.2030.

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Based on partial conjugation principle, revised machine tool adjustment parameters and processing parameters which can make big gear and small gear be in points conjugation meshing progress are obtained after the cutting tooth plan and rough gear parameters of spiral bevel gears in a heavy vehicle main driving system were determined. Ideal gear contact spots are gained by gear contact area rolling experiment, which show that calculation theory and methods above-described are practicable and effective for improving meshing quality of spiral bevel gears in heavy vehicle main driving system.

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Jiao, Ji Song, and Xue Mei Cao. "Generation and TCA of Straight Bevel Gear Drive with Modified Geometry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.403.

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In order to reduce the sensitivity of straight bevel gear drives to misalignment, a new geometry of such gear drives is proposed in longitudinal direction. Point contact instead of line contact of tooth surfaces is achieved by longitudinal crowning of pinion tooth surface. The tooth surface modeling and tooth contact analysis (TCA) of straight bevel gear drives have been established. TCA program of a pair of straight bevel gears was performed in MATLAB and tooth bearing contact and transmission errors were obtained.

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Yang, Shao Rong, and Yun Feng Lu. "Study on Cold Extrusion Technology of 20Cr Bevel Gears." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.586.

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In this paper we present the cold extrusion shaping technology of 20Cr bevel gears. First, we analyzed a series of processing and treatment referring to bevel gear cold extrusion technology and calculated the cold extrusion pressures used for mold design; then, we designed and cold extruded two- or three-ring composite cold extrusion dies with its precise guiding device; and last, we experimentally tested our designed and extruded bevel gear. The results showed that 20Cr bevel gears shaped with cold extrusion have qualified properties and satisfy application requirements within the required error range. This research is of significance in actual cold extrusion production.

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32

Mu, Yanming, and Zongde Fang. "Design and analysis of high contact ratio spiral bevel gears by modified curvature motion method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 19 (October 30, 2017): 3396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217737803.

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This paper presents a new method to design a seventh-order transmission error for high contact ratio spiral bevel gears by the modified curvature motion method to reach the purpose of reducing or eliminating gear vibration and noise. In this paper, firstly, based on the predesigned seventh-order transmission error, the polynomial coefficients of transmission error curve can be obtained. Secondly, a method named modified curvature motion method is used to generate the spiral bevel gear with the predesigned transmission error. Lastly, based on TCA and LTCA, we verify the feasibility of the modified curvature motion method to generate spiral bevel gear with seventh-order transmission error, and the meshing impact of gear set with the seventh-order and second-order function of transmission error is analyzed and compared. The results of a numerical example show that the seventh-order transmission error acquired by the modified curvature motion method can effectively reduce the meshing impact of spiral bevel gears. The tooth modiﬁcation method and meshing impact analysis method can serve as a basis for developing a general technique of ﬂank modiﬁcation for spiral bevel gears.

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33

Mark, W. D. "The Generalized Transmission Error of Spiral Bevel Gears." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 109, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267451.

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The traditional definition of the transmission error of parallel-axis gear pairs is reviewed and shown to be unsuitable for characterizing the deviation from conjugate action of bevel gear pairs for vibration excitation characterization purposes. This situation is rectified by generalizing the concept of the transmission error of parallel-axis gears to a three-component transmission error for spiral bevel gears of nominal spherical involute design. A general relationship is derived which expresses the contributions to the three-component transmission error from each gear of a meshing spiral bevel pair as a linear transformation of the six coordinates that describe the deviation of the shaft centerline position of each gear of the pair from the position of its rigid perfect involute counterpart.

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34

Lee, H. W., K. O. Lee, and D. H. Chung. "A kinematic investigation of a spherical involute bevel-geared system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1624.

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This study gives an exact definition of the spherical involute curved face and the pitch azimuthal angle of a bevel-geared system. Using the coordinate-transformation method, it derives the kinematic relations between the operating pressure angles, pitch azimuthal angles, operating pitch cone angles, base cone angles, and pitch action angles. An exact spherical involute bevel gear illustrates that a spherical involute tooth profile can be modelled only if the operating pressure angle, operating pitch cone angle, number of teeth, and cone radius are given. The ratio of the angular speeds of the spherical involute bevel gear reveals that the comparison of a bevel gear with a cone friction wheel is similar to the situation in which a belt that is wound around a base cone becomes untied and is wound around the base cone of the other party. The findings confirm that even when the shaft angle changes, the ratio of angular speeds does not change. This study also exactly calculates the operating rate in an involute bevel gear in a theoretical manner. To review interchangeability, the study defines the angular pitch and the crown number of teeth and shows that the proposed spherical involute bevel gear possesses interchangeability. To verify the contact phenomenon of the spherical involute bevel gear, a computer-graphic verification is conducted on three models to see whether gear interference occurs when two gears are operating while going in gear with each other.

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35

Rai, Paridhi, and Asim Gopal Barman. "Optimizing the design of straight bevel gear with reduced scoring effect." Engineering Computations 37, no. 7 (March 11, 2020): 2391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-06-2019-0250.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to minimize the volume of straight bevel gear and to develop resistance towards scoring failure in the straight bevel gear. Two evolutionary and more advance optimization techniques were used for performing optimization of straight bevel gears, which will also save computational time and will be less computationally expensive compared to a previously used optimization for design optimization of straight bevel gear. Design/methodology/approach The following two different cases are considered for the study: the first mathematical model similar to that used earlier and without any modification to show efficiency of the optimization algorithm for straight bevel gear design optimization and the second mathematical model consist of constraints on scoring and contact ratio along with other generally used design constraints. Real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) and accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) are used to optimize the straight bevel gear design. The effectiveness of the algorithms used has been validated by comparing the obtained results with previously published results. Findings It has been found that APSO and RCGA outperform other algorithms for straight bevel gear design. Optimized design values have reduced the scoring effect significantly. The values of the contact ratio obtained further enhances the meshing operation of the bevel gear drive by making it smoother and quieter. Originality/value Low volume is one of the essential requirements of gearing applications. Scoring is a critical gear failure aspect that leads to the broken tooth in both high speed and low-speed applications of gears. The occurrence of scoring is hard to detect early and analyse. Scoring failure and contact ratio have been introduced as design constraints in the mathematical model. So, the mathematical model demonstrated in this paper minimizes the volume of the straight bevel gear drive, which has been very less attempted in previous studies, with scoring and contact ratio as some of the important design constraints, which the objective function has been subjected to. Also, two advanced and evolutionary optimization algorithms have been used to implement the mathematical model to reduce the computational time required to attain the optimal solution.

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36

Luo, Qiu Ping, Jian Cai, Xiao Shuang Xiong, Song Deng, and Feng Qin Li. "Influence of Technical Parameters on Contact Pressure in Straight Bevel Gear Meshing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.582.

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Wear is one of the main failure modes of gears in the meshing performance, and contact pressure is the key factor to determine the wear of gears. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the contact pressure distribution and evolution laws in straight bevel gear meshing. Based on a 3D FE model of the specific loaded assembling straight bevel gear pair, the influence of friction coefficientf, torqueTand elastic modulusEon the contact pressure of straight bevel gear in a meshing circle is studied. The results show that the contact area and contact pressure increase dramatically with the increase of the torque. The contact area decreases and the contact pressure increases with the increase of elastic modulus. Friction coefficient almost has no effect on the contact area and contact pressure. This research has great theoretical significance to reveal the wear mechanism and improve the meshing performance of straight bevel gears.

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Laruelle, S., C. Fossier, C. Changenet, F. Ville, and S. Koechlin. "Experimental investigations and analysis on churning losses of splash lubricated spiral bevel gears." Mechanics & Industry 18, no. 4 (2017): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2017007.

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Churning losses are a complex phenomenon which generates significant power losses when considering splash lubrication of gear units. However, only few works deal with bevel gears dipped lubrication losses. The objective of this study is to provide a wide variety of experimental tests on churning losses, especially getting interested in geometry of spiral bevel gears influence. A specific test rig was used in order to study a single spiral bevel gear partially immersed in an oil bath. Experiments have been conducted for several operating conditions in terms of speeds, lubricants, temperatures and gear geometries to study their impact on splash lubrication power losses. These experimental results are compared with the predictions from various literature sources. As the results did not agree well with the predictions for all operating conditions, an extended equation derived from previous works is introduced to estimate churning losses of bevel gears.

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Wang, Li Mei. "Study on the Processing and Simulation of End-Gear Based on CNC Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.77.

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Based on NC machining principle of hypoid gears and NC machining with high efficiency quality, This paper discusses the feasibility of the hypoid gear processing, establishes the mathematical model of face gear wheel hypoid milling machining adjustment, that will be take the basic data into vertical machining center machine tool. Through analyze the principle of the oscillating tooth face gear transmission, and compared the structure differences between face gear and bevel gear, and the realization processing method of face gear is discussed by improving the bevel gear shaper.

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Gu, Lizhi, Tieming Xiang, Can Zhao, and Shuailiang Guo. "Angular velocity and contact force simulation of the spiral bevel gear meshing based on the hertz contact theory." Engineering review 39, no. 2 (2019): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.39.2.4.

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To obtain the change tendency of the wheel’s angular velocity and tangential component of contact force with time of the pinion under the step input during spiral bevel gear meshing, the tooth flank equation of spiral bevel gear was constructed based on the Non-Uniform Rational B-splines curve. The three-dimensional model of the pinion and the wheel were built based on the tooth flank equation. The calculation equation and relative parameters set for the contact force of spiral bevel gear meshing were done based on the Hertz contact theory. A mating of spiral bevel gears was taken as an example for dynamics simulation and the simulation results show that the relative error rate of the angular velocity between simulation and theoretical calculation is 0.054%, and that the relative error rate of tangential component of the contact force between simulation and theoretical calculation is 4.82%. These findings provide the theoretical basis for dynamic characteristics optimization of the spiral bevel gears.

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40

Wang, Jian Hua, Pei Li Yin, Qi Cheng Lao, and Yu Huang. "Geometric Modeling of Spiral Bevel Gear under Virtual Reality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 288 (February 2013): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.288.208.

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Based on machining principles of spiral bevel gear and coordinate transformation matrix, the formate-cut wheel model was built. The gear tooth surface of the model has controllable error and can be imported into the Virtual Gear Measuring Center (VGMC) to be virtually measured. The various factors that affect the gear model accuracy were analyzed and the error control strategy was proposed, which lays a solid foundation for the realization of the gear tooth surface measurement and error analysis of spiral bevel gears.

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41

Yan, Li, Tao Yi, and Liu Jun. "Virtual Machining on Helical Bevel Gear with New Type Heavy Duty Helical Bevel Gear Milling Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2607.

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The machining coordinate system of helical bevel gear machine tool is established through analyzing the machining mechanism of helical bevel gear, and the three dimensional structure model of the machine is also built adopting the new cutting feed method. The numerical control machining model of the machine is proposed. Finally, the virtual machining on one pair of given heavy duty helical bevel gears has been done, the virtual machining result indicates the virtual machining model meets the prospective design requirement.

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42

Solf, Mareike, Rafael Bieker, Christoph Löpenhaus, Fritz Klocke, and Thomas Bergs. "Influence of the machining strategy on the resulting properties of five-axis hard-milled bevel gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (March 2, 2019): 7358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219834590.

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On universal milling machines, bevel gears can be produced with standard end mills. Due to the flexible process kinematics, there are fewer restrictions with regard to implementable component geometries compared to conventional gear-cutting processes. The quality requirements for bevel gears allow deviations of only a few micrometers. For this reason, small production-related deviations can lead to the exceedance of the permissible tolerances. Furthermore, surface integrity is decisive for the load-carrying capacity of gears. In this report, the influence of the process on the bevel gear quality and the properties of the near surface zone is analyzed.

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43

Gang, LV. "Pitch curve design defects modification for non-circular bevel gear." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 12 (November 10, 2014): 2231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214556666.

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A novel pitch curve design method for non-circular bevel gear is presented to simplify design of non-circular bevel gear. Pitch curve equation for non-circular bevel gear is deduced based on geometrical relationships between pitch cone surface of non-circular gear with parallel axis and spherical surface. Then, transmission ratio function is transformed into pitch curve design defects modification equation and mathematical expression between modification factor and pitch curve design parameters for non-circular bevel gear is derived. By using the expression, modification value of pitch curve can be determined rapidly and accurately. Simulation results for high-order elliptical bevel gear and Pascal curve bevel gear demonstrate that the proposed modification method can be applied to pitch curve design for other types of non-circular bevel gear. Design and verification efficiency for non-circular bevel gear are improved effectively by employing the proposed pitch curve design defects modification method.

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44

Mo, Shuai, Shengping Zhu, Guoguang Jin, Jiabei Gong, Zhanyong Feng, Ting Zhang, and Han Han. "Lubrication characteristics of gear after shot peening base on 25-pellet model." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 2018): 168781401879065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018790655.

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High-speed heavy-load spiral bevel gears put forward high requirement for flexural strength; shot peening is a technique that greatly improves the bending fatigue strength of gears. During shot peening, a large number of fine pellets bombard the surface of the metal target material at very high speeds and let the target material undergo plastic deformation, at the same time strengthening layer is produced. Spiral bevel gear as the object of being bombarded inevitably brought the tooth surface micro-morphology changes. In this article, we aim to reveal the effect of microtopography of tooth shot peening on gear lubrication in spiral bevel gear, try to establish a reasonable description of the microscopic morphology for tooth surface by shot peening, to reveal the lubrication characteristics of spiral bevel gears after shot peening treatment based on the lubrication theory, and do comparative research on the surface lubrication characteristics of a variety of microstructures.

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45

Yan, Yu Tao, Zhi Li Sun, and R. J. Guo. "Transient Thermal Analysis of Spiral Bevel Gears under Loss of Lubrication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.566.

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Based on loaded tooth contact analysis of spiral bevel gears, the thermal analysis model and finite element model of spiral bevel gears were established by making use of tribological theory and thermal transferring theory. The distribution on transient temperature field of spiral bevel gears under loss of lubrication was found via finite element methods. The results are as follows: the sliding speed and normal load had obvious influence on friction heat. Transient temperature peak value of the gear tooth was obtained in midpoint position of the tooth contact path. The temperature gradient increases with the increase of meshing times of gear tooth, the transient temperature of the gear tooth surface had increased 32°C in one minute. However, the transient temperature of the tooth surface had increased 232°C in three minutes.

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46

Tao, Gui Bao, Li Li Yi, Zhi Zheng, and Lin Hua Hu. "Research on Milling-Turning Compound Processing of Spiral Bevel Gears Based on GibbsCAM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.615.

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By analyzing characteristics of the surface of spiral bevel gear, this paper introduces the key technologies of modeling, process planning and NC programming about milling-turning compound processing of spiral bevel gears based on GibbsCAM, these new methods can be used to produce one-piece or small batch of spiral bevel gears.

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Savage, M., C. Brikmanis, D. G. Lewicki, and J. J. Coy. "Life and Reliability Modeling of Bevel Gear Reductions." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 110, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258925.

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A reliability model is presented for bevel gear reductions with either a single input pinion or dual input pinions of equal size. The dual pinions may or may not have the same power applied for the analysis. The gears may be straddle mounted or supported in a bearing quill. The reliability model is based on the Weibull distribution. The reduction’s basic dynamic capacity is defined as the output torque which may be applied for one million output rotations of the bevel gear with a 90 percent probability of reduction survival. The components on which the reduction’s life and reliability are based are the bevel gears and their radial and thrust bearings.

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48

Cui, Huan Yong, Xi Jie Tian, and Dong Liang Wang. "Design Technique Research of Fine-Forged Spur Bevel Gear Tooth Profile Modification." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.170.

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Gear tooth profile modification can be featured to improve working stability of gear equipments, abate noise and vibration, enhance loading ability and prolong usage life of the gears. Fine forged spur bevel gear are formed with molds, so it is economical to modify the gears by means of modifying mold cavity. Whether the modified gears can be separated from the mold with easiness is proposed to be the basic criterion of gear tooth profile modification design. Near the big ends and tooth roots is mainly the area which affects demolding after modification. According to the modified gear configuration, mathematical model is built to calculate the demolding check at any modification points on the fine forged spur bevel gear profile. And a corresponding program is developed, which is the main tool for the gear tooth profile modification design, and practical calculation has carried out.

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Ren, Zhong Yi. "Meshing Analysis of Quadruple-Arc Profile Bevel Gears in the Process of Cutting Tooth." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.507.

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Based on the theory of quadruple-arc gears and the bevel gears process principle, meshing analysis of quadruple-arc profile bevel gears in the process of cutting tooth is carried out. The surface equation of generating gear and the equation of action line in the process of cutting tooth as well as the general tooth surface equation of quadruple-arc profile bevel gears are obtained.

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50

Shi, Kan, Jiqiang Xia, and Chunjie Wang. "Design of noncircular bevel gear with concave pitch curve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 3 (October 22, 2012): 542–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212464851.

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Noncircular bevel gear can achieve variable transmission between intersecting axes. This article proposes the design method of high-order noncircular bevel gear with concave pitch curve. The parametric equations for driving and driven gear, addendum and dedendum surface under given transmission ratio and axis angle are established in a spherical polar coordinate system. The tooth profile equation of noncircular bevel gear is derived according to the generation method by using bevel gear cutter. The three-dimensional model for noncircular bevel gear is developed to verify the correctness of the design method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bevel gear'

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