Relevant bibliographies by topics / Beverly Cleary

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Beverly Cleary'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Beverly Cleary"

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Zarrillo, James. "Beverly Cleary, Ramona Quimby, and the Teaching of Reading." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 13, no. 3 (1988): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.0067.

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Pecina, Jozef. "Literature as a Political Tool: Whig Efforts to Prevent the Election of Martin Van Buren." CLEaR 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/clear-2017-0006.

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Abstract Starting with Andrew Jackson, presidential candidates in the United States used campaign biographies as useful political tools, and since 1824 no presidential election year has passed without a campaign biography. Martin Van Buren, President Jackson’s successor in the White House, became a target of a vicious campaign intended to prevent his election. His Whig opponents used a number of literary genres to slander him, including a mock campaign biography and a novel. The article focuses on the portrayal of Martin Van Buren in The Life of Martin Van Buren, allegedly written by Davy Crockett in 1835, and a novel named The Partisan Leader; A Tale of the Future, written by Nathaniel Beverley Tucker in 1836. Though being of different genres, these curious and obscure works have certain things in common - they were written under pseudonyms, their main goal was to prevent the election of Martin Van Buren and both of them failed in their goal.
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Ridinger-Dotterman. "The Economy as Dynamic Setting and Site of Resilience in Beverly Cleary’s Ramona Series." Pacific Coast Philology 54, no. 1 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pacicoasphil.54.1.0074.

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Tharchin, Tsultrim, Elango Balu, and Sherjang Singh. "Yield Enhancement due to Addition of Bevel Cleans at Middle of Line(MOL) Zone." Solid State Phenomena 282 (August 2018): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.282.329.

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As the technology nodes become smaller and smaller the circuit dies get closer and closer to the edge of the wafer. Defects and issues on the bevel are seen to cause issues such as flaking and blocked plating on the dies at the edge of the wafer. This drastically increases the need for a clean wafer edge as the issues directly translate to yield loss at the end of the line. The wafer edge and backside are shown to have a significant impact on yield as well as process variation [1]. Introducing a dilute HF and SC1 bevel clean at the MOL layer resolves flaking and defect issues found on the bevel. Dispensing it on the backside of the wafer and ensuring that the chemistry is rolled over to the bevel results in the backside of the wafer becoming cleaner and helps resolve overlay issues. All the above stated effects are seen to result in an overall edge gain in edge yield.
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Kaup, Soujanya, Siddharudha Shivalli, Chinnappa Ajjinicanda Ganapathi, Cynthia Arunachalam, John Buchan, Suresh Kumar Pandey, and Krishna Prasad Kudlu. "Does the phaco TIp position during clear corneal Phacoemulsification Surgery adversely affect corneal endothelium? TIPS study protocol for a randomised, triple-masked, parallel-group trial of bevel-up versus bevel-down phacoemulsification." Wellcome Open Research 5 (July 16, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16098.1.

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Introduction: Globally, at least 30 million cataract surgeries are required annually to prevent cataract-related blindness. Corneal endothelial decompensation is one of the most common causes of poor visual outcome following cataract surgery, particularly in those with predisposing factors. The increasing ageing population and reduced visual impairment threshold for cataract surgery have resulted in rising cataract surgical rates and hence, an increase in corneal endothelial decompensation is expected. The role of phaco tip position on corneal endothelial damage is ambiguous. Previous studies have reported contradictory results and were also underpowered to detect a significant difference due to small sample sizes. With no consensus regarding the most cornea-friendly phaco tip position (bevel-up versus bevel-down) during phacoemulsification, we propose a randomised clinical trial with a robust design using direct chop phaco-technique. Objective: To compare the effect of phaco tip position (bevel-up vs. bevel-down) on corneal endothelial cell count during phacoemulsification. Methods: A randomised, multicentre, parallel-group, triple-masked (participant, outcome assessor, and statistician) trial with 1:1 allocation ratio is proposed. By adopting stratified randomisation (according to cataract grade), we will randomly allocate 480 patients aged >18 years with immature cataract into bevel-up and bevel-down groups at two centres. History of significant ocular trauma, previous intraocular surgery, shallow anterior chamber, low endothelial cell count, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, intraocular inflammation, and corneal endothelial dystrophy are the key exclusion criteria. The primary outcome is postoperative endothelial cell count at one month. Secondary outcomes are central corneal thickness on postoperative days 1, 15, and 30, and intraoperative complications. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2019/02/017464 (05/02/2019).
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Patrick, Jean Streufert. ""I Am Just A Plain Boy:" Leigh Botts' Changing Conception of Self in Beverly Cleary's Dear Mr. Henshaw." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 1986, no. 1 (1986): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chq.1986.0003.

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Park, Jin-Ho, and Lionel March. "The Shampay House of 1919: Authorship and Ownership." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991869.

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The Shampay House of 1919 has been commonly understood to be the very last of Frank Lloyd Wright's cruciform Prairie houses. It was planned to be erected in Beverly Hills, Illinois, but the client withdrew amid legal acrimony at the design stage. In this period, when Wright was frequently in Tokyo working on the Imperial Hotel and other commissions in Japan, Rudolph M. Schindler was left in charge of Wright's offices in the United States. While the Shampay House clearly comes out of Frank Lloyd Wright's studio, so that ownership of the design is not in question, this paper traces the controversy-between the two architects themselves as well as subsequent commentators-concerning the authorship of the project. The evidence presented unambiguously determines who conceived the design, the degree of Wright's involvement in its development, and the original contributions that Schindler brought to it. Previously unknown and unpublished blueprints and extracts from correspondence between Wright and Schindler are used extensively in the discussion.
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Chadwick, Bruce. "A Theory of Writing for Young Children: Arguing for a Moffett-Vygotsky Reading of Beverly Cleary's Dear Mr. Henshaw." Lion and the Unicorn 11, no. 2 (1987): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/uni.0.0283.

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Titiyal, Jeewan S., Manpreet Kaur, Farin Shaikh, and Aafreen Bari. "‘Acute-angled bevel’ sign to assess donor lenticule orientation in ultra-thin descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 2 (February 2019): e227927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-227927.

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A 6.5-year-old boy with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy underwent clear corneal ultra-thin descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). After graft insertion, it was difficult to assess graft orientation due to hazy cornea. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) showed a well-attached graft and the bevelled edge of donor lenticule made an acute angle with the overlying stroma. Postoperative anterior segment OCT confirmed the presence of acute-angled bevel sign. A wetlab experiment was performed with experimental corneoscleral tissues to confirm the findings. Donor lenticule was injected in the artificial chamber with stromal-side up as well as stromal side-down. ‘Acute-angled bevel sign’ was observed on iOCT in the experimental cases with stromal-side up. In inverse graft, the acute-angled bevel was not observed, instead the configuration was obtuse angled. Identifying the ‘acute-angled bevel sign’ on iOCT confirms correct graft orientation after unfolding and is extremely useful for hazy corneas and ultrathin DSAEK lenticules.
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Lin, Yi-Chun, Yi-Ting Cheng, Tian Zhou, Radhika Ravi, Seyyed Hasheminasab, John Flatt, Cary Troy, and Ayman Habib. "Evaluation of UAV LiDAR for Mapping Coastal Environments." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 2893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242893.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing techniques have demonstrated great potential for monitoring rapid shoreline changes. With image-based approaches utilizing Structure from Motion (SfM), high-resolution Digital Surface Models (DSM), and orthophotos can be generated efficiently using UAV imagery. However, image-based mapping yields relatively poor results in low textured areas as compared to those from LiDAR. This study demonstrates the applicability of UAV LiDAR for mapping coastal environments. A custom-built UAV-based mobile mapping system is used to simultaneously collect LiDAR and imagery data. The quality of LiDAR, as well as image-based point clouds, are investigated and compared over different geomorphic environments in terms of their point density, relative and absolute accuracy, and area coverage. The results suggest that both UAV LiDAR and image-based techniques provide high-resolution and high-quality topographic data, and the point clouds generated by both techniques are compatible within a 5 to 10 cm range. UAV LiDAR has a clear advantage in terms of large and uniform ground coverage over different geomorphic environments, higher point density, and ability to penetrate through vegetation to capture points below the canopy. Furthermore, UAV LiDAR-based data acquisitions are assessed for their applicability in monitoring shoreline changes over two actively eroding sandy beaches along southern Lake Michigan, Dune Acres, and Beverly Shores, through repeated field surveys. The results indicate a considerable volume loss and ridge point retreat over an extended period of one year (May 2018 to May 2019) as well as a short storm-induced period of one month (November 2018 to December 2018). The foredune ridge recession ranges from 0 m to 9 m. The average volume loss at Dune Acres is 18.2 cubic meters per meter and 12.2 cubic meters per meter within the one-year period and storm-induced period, respectively, highlighting the importance of episodic events in coastline changes. The average volume loss at Beverly Shores is 2.8 cubic meters per meter and 2.6 cubic meters per meter within the survey period and storm-induced period, respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beverly Cleary"

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Benson, Linda G. Trites Roberta Seelinger. "The constructed child femininity in Beverly Cleary's Ramona series /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9804928.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1997.
Title from title page screen, viewed June 9, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Roberta Seelinger Trites (chair), Jan C. Susina, Heather Brodie Graves. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-247) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Benson, Linda G. "The constructed child femininity in Beverly Cleary's Ramona series /." 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=5HFaAAAAMAAJ.

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Ying-Ru, Chen, and 陳瀅如. "A Vivid Character in Beverly Cleary''s Fictions: Depictions of Ramona Quimby in the Ramona Series." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99904745857512381093.

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碩士
臺東師範學院
兒童文學研究所
91
The first book of Beverly Cleary’s Ramona series was published in 1955. Until 1999 when the eighth book of the series Ramona’s World was published, the Ramona series has been popular for almost half of the century. How does Beverly Cleary make the little girl name Ramona a vivid character who impressed the readers so much? This dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter One is introduction. Chapter Two introduces Beverly Cleary’s life and works. Chapter Three analyzes the characteristics of Ramona, including language, action, and psychological depictions. Chapter Four discusses the relationships between Ramona and other characters. Chapter Five is conclusion. Beverly Cleary shows a few characteristics in depicting Ramona. The psychological depictions are accord with developmental psychology. The plot is about everyday life, and the character grows form each conflict. The theme can be brought out by the relationships between Ramona and others. In sum, Ramona shows a typical image of children.
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Wang, Yu-ting, and 王鈺婷. "Literature-based Character Education in Taiwanese EFL 8th Grade English Class: An Action Research on Beverly Cleary’s Dear Mr. Henshaw." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30587978335157597543.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
英語學系
100
This thesis proposes to advocate the literature-based Character Education in English class in the EFL Taiwan setting. A young adult literature novel Dear Mr. Henshaw is used in an 8th grade English class in central Taiwan in order to investigate the impact of the teacher's questioning skills to arouse class discussions and students' written feedback on character issues; the impacts on students' cognitive development in character issues; and students' attitudes towards the program. To guide Literature-based Character Education, the novel, Dear Mr. Henshaw, is separated into 18 sections for weekly reading assignments and is analyzed in terms of different character traits conveyed in the book. Accordingly, a total of 25 worksheet pages (1 or 2 for a week) are designed chiefly in terms of character issues for students to ponder over and write down their views for the teacher's evaluation. These are clearly shown on the Table 4.2 The Project Curriculum Planning Design and a portfolio of Worksheets (Appendix A). This study is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the motivation and purpose of the study. Chapter 2 consists of three sections of literature review including, teacher's questioning skills, Character Education, and young adult literature. Chapter 3 exemplifies the character issues conveyed in Dear Mr. Henshaw to prove it a suitable material for the program. Chapter 4 is the methodology, including the preparation stage and the curriculum design for the whole novel for this action research project for 3 research questions. In Chapter 5, the research questions are answered and the results and findings in the whole teaching processes are discussed. At last, in Chapter 6, the summary of major findings, the significance and limitations of the study, and suggestions for further study are proposed.
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Books on the topic "Beverly Cleary"

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Berg, Julie. Beverly Cleary. Edina, Minn: Abdo & Daughters, 1993.

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Beverly Cleary. Edina, Minn: Abdo Pub., 2001.

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Peltak, Jennifer. Beverly Cleary. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2005.

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Griskey, Michele. Beverly Cleary. Hockessin, Del: Mitchell Lane, 2006.

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Pflieger, Pat. Beverly Cleary. Boston: Twayne, 1991.

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Beverly Cleary. Mankato, MN: Weigl, 2003.

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Ward, S. Meet Beverly Cleary. New York: PowerKids Press, 2001.

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Kelly, Joanne. The Beverly Cleary handbook. Englewood, Colo: Teacher Ideas Press, 1996.

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Karen, Park, ed. Beverly Cleary: She makes reading fun. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Enterprises, 1987.

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ill, Park Karen, ed. Beverly Cleary: Hace divertida la lectura. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Corp., 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Beverly Cleary"

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"Cat-Child: Two Cat Stories by Beverly Cleary." In Rediscoveries in Children's Literature, 141–55. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203054215-14.

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Trollope, Anthony. "Chapter 16 Beverley." In An Autobiography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199675296.003.0017.

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Very early in life, very soon after I had become a clerk in St Martin’s le Grand, when I was utterly impecunious and beginning to fall grievously into debt, I was asked by an uncle of mine,* who was himself a clerk...
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"The Americans are probably the most parochial people on earth. (Fowler 1991) Needless to say, they didn’t like it over there [in the USA]. (Harvey 1991) Thus Grundy’s account of the failure in the US of its most successful soap, as voiced respectively by the company’s Senior vice-president of marketing in Los Angeles, its senior vice president of business affairs in Sydney, and its Sydney publicity manager. This tale of failure contrasts starkly with that of Neighbours’s British success. Grundy’s tried out the US market by syndicating the program in a thirteen-week batch, episodes one to sixty-five, to two independent stations, KCOP/13 in Los Angeles and WWOR/9 in New York. In Los Angeles it screened Monday–Friday at 5:30 p.m. from June 3–28, 1991 before being rescheduled at 9:30 a.m. Monday–Friday from July 1–August 30, 1991. In its first and third weeks Neighbours rated 4 per cent of TV sets in the Los Angeles area, which has forty-one channels; in its fifth week, the first at 9:30 a.m. the figure dropped to 1 per cent, and thereafter it never picked up (Inouye 1992). The program was also stripped by WWOR in New York. There it ran at 5: p.m. from June 17 to September 17, 1991, with its audience averaging 228,000 – a poor figure – in its best month, July (Stefko 1992). Plans to extend its screenings to Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington, Atlanta, and Phoenix appear to have foundered. Unlike the British case, explanations of Neighbours’s failure in the US market are drawn more from its seller, Grundy, and its buyers, KCOP and WWOR, than from the press, which in Britain sought to account for the program’s colossal success. Press coverage heralded the opening of Neighbours in the US, and subsequently ignored it (the commentaries come from seven dailies and weeklies and Variety in Alexander 1991; Goodspeed 1991; “Gray.” 1991; Kelleher 1991; Kitman 1991; Mann 1991; Rabinowitz 1991; Roush 1991). Belonging mostly to the journalistic genre of announcing a likely new popular cultural success arriving with a remarkable foreign track- record, these commentaries were closer to advertorial than to the customarily more “objective” genre of film reviewing. But since they were not advertisements as such, they did give indicative prognostications of the acceptability of a program such as Neighbours in the US market. The commentaries’ treatment of the ten textual factors contributing to Neighbours’s global successes yield important insights. The last eight categories gave these commentators no pause: women as doers, teen sex appeal, unrebellious youth, wholesome neighborliness, “feelgood” characters, resolution of differences, depoliticized middle-class citizenship, and writing skills. Indeed, all eight are clearly instanced in the highly successful Beverley Hills 90210 with the marginal modifications that their neighborliness is more school- than home-based, “middle class” is defined upwards from petit bourgeois, and writing skills are devoted." In To Be Continued..., 118. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203131855-20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Beverly Cleary"

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Johnson, Graham, Kathy Simmons, and Colin Foord. "Experimental Investigation Into Windage Power Loss From a Shrouded Spiral Bevel Gear." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27885.

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In some aero-engine applications a spiral bevel gear is mounted in a bearing chamber. The windage power losses (WPL) associated with the gear make a significant contribution to the overall heat generation within the bearing chamber and a potential method of WPL reduction and lubrication/cooling oil management is to shroud the gear. At the University of Nottingham Technology Centre in Gas Turbine Transmission Systems experimental and computational techniques are being applied to enhance understanding of shroud performance and design. This paper presents results from the first stage of the investigation in which the windage losses associated with rotating an unmeshed spiral bevel gear in air have been studied. The potential to reduce gear WPL by shrouding is clearly demonstrated with the WPL for the shrouded gear reduced on average by 75% for clockwise rotation and by 70% for anticlockwise rotation. Given the physical similarity between a shrouded gear and a centrifugal fan an attempt was made to characterize the performance of the shrouded gear in a similar manner to that used for a centrifugal fan i.e. as a function of the mass flow rate of air flowing through the shroud. It is demonstrated that in many aspects the gear performance was analogous to centrifugal fan behavior. It is further demonstrated that fan design approaches could be adopted to inform the detail of the shroud design and to translate test rig performance to different operating conditions.
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Darcis, Philippe P., Noe Mota, Enrique Garcia, Israel Marines-Garcia, Hector M. Quintanilla, Wan C. Kan, Tyler Visco, and Rupak Ghosh. "Fatigue Qualification of Heavy Wall Line Pipe and Girth Weld for High Pressure Applications." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10853.

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As the offshore oil & gas industry moves into deeper waters, more and more offshore projects, specifically the subsea, riser and flowline designs, rely on heavy wall line pipe materials. These pipe materials must be capable of operating in stringent working conditions such as high pressures, high temperatures, large deformations, fatigue loading, sour environments, etc. Within this context, ExxonMobil Development Company and Tenaris have jointly conducted a detailed technical assessment of the mechanical and fatigue performance of the newly developed heavy wall X65 line pipe (LP) developed by Tenaris. The main goal of such project is to evaluate and demonstrate via full-scale testing the fatigue performance of this new generation of heavy wall line pipe materials and the associated girth weld also recently developed by Tenaris. Although conclusive fatigue performance results at ID are not included in the present paper, the comprehensive test/qualification plan also includes a fatigue performance comparison at ID and OD. The present work clearly demonstrates weldability of this Heavy Wall X65 (273 mm OD × 46 mm WT) line pipe. A narrow-groove bevel welding procedure utilizing the STT® process for the root pass and single torch GMAW process for hot-pass, fill, and cap has been successfully developed. Four full scale fatigue tests were also successfully conducted using a resonant fatigue test machine. The presented fatigue results help demonstrate a realistic level of fatigue performance achievable with this thick wall LP/girth weld technology which will help facilitate assessment of riser/flowline design feasibility in ultra-deep water applications and/or high pressures fields.
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Quintana, Marie A., and John Hammond. "X100 Welding Technology: Past, Present and Future." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31421.

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A significant amount of research has been conducted within the last decade on the development of X100 line pipe and associated welding technology; including, several field demonstration projects of limited size and scope. Although considerable advances in steelmaking and pipeline construction have occurred, innovations in welding process technology generally lag pipeline industry needs. Clearly, the number of historically viable welding options declines as pipe strength increases. Weld strength becomes more sensitive to cooling rate variation, cold cracking sensitivity increases, and overall weldability tends to decline. Also, achieving the balance between weld strength, toughness, and ductility necessary for pipeline performance requires more highly controlled welding practice, procedures, precision in weld bevel design, and pass sequence. Successful fabrication and field pipelay welding requires greater control of essential welding variables in order to satisfy increasingly stringent weld property requirements. Accordingly, there are few proven welding process options for X100 and detailed knowledge resides within a small number of oil/gas and contractor companies. Recognizing that industry wide implementation of X100 requires the range of manual, semi-automatic and automatic (mechanized) welding processes needed for double jointing, mainline, tie-in and repair, US Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (DOT-PHMSA) and Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) have co-funded a consolidated program to begin addressing the issues (Project PR-354-074506). This paper summarizes the program findings that address the current state of the art regarding welding technology applied to X100 pipeline construction. The main issues addressed are: • synopsis of experience, • current status and pending developments in welding processes and consumables, • assessment of first and second level contractor capability, and • key knowledge and experience gaps.
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Haldorsen, Lars M., Gisle Rørvik, Michael Dodge, and Kasra Sotoudeh. "Recent Experiences With Cracking of Load Bearing Dissimilar Metal Welds on Subsea Production Systems." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61176.

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The process piping on subsea production systems (SPS) is normally made of solid corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs). However, some process components are made of low alloyed steels (LASs) which are internally cladded with a CRA. These components require post weld heat treatment (PWHT) to improve the properties in the LAS heat affected zone (HAZ). In order to avoid PWHT during on-site welding to adjoining piping systems, it has been common to weld a buttering layer (e.g. 15 – 20mm long) on to the connecting end of the LAS. The buttering layer consumable has traditionally been an austenitic nickel alloy, Alloy 625/725. The LAS HAZ and the buttering layer are thereafter PWHT’d and machined prior to on-site welding to the adjoining piping system. By this, it is not necessary to perform PWHT on the on-site (e.g. tie-in or closure) dissimilar welds. In the beginning of the century, some operators experienced cracking along the fusion line interface between the nickel alloy buttering and the LAS. These problems were typically experienced during start-up or prior to first production. An extensive research programme was established in order to determine the causes and remedial actions. A group sponsored project led by TWI was performed to understand the failure mechanisms and essential parameters leading to hydrogen assisted cracking, (HAC) of dissimilar metal welds (DMWs). Recommendations were made related to LASs chemistry, welding parameters, bevel geometry and especially PWHT time and temperature. Based on these recommendations there have been only a few incidents with cracking of such welded combinations before 2013 and onwards. Since then Statoil has experienced four off incidents with cracking of dissimilar welds on subsea LAS components. Common for these incidents are that they have been in operation for about 15 years and the cracking happened during cold shut-down periods. This paper presents key observations made and lessons learnt from the incidents summarized above. The main focus has been on environmental fracture mechanics-based testing of samples charged with hydrogen by cathodic protection (CP). Variables have been pre-charging temperature and time, as well as testing temperature. The testing has revealed strong dependency between the operating temperature (i.e. shutdown versus operation) and the sensitivity to HAC. Further, the investigations have shown that the integrity of the coating, as an effective barrier to hydrogen ingress, is the main feature to prevent HAC on this kind of DMWs. The investigation of the four off cracked welds showed clearly that the insulating polyurethane (PU) coating was heavily degraded by hydrolysis at higher temperatures. This exposed the dissimilar weldments to CP which contributed to the hydrogen charging of the weldments. The paper gives also result that show that it is not only PWHT’d LAS (e.g. type 8630M, 4130 and F22M) with dissimilar welds that may suffer from this failure mechanism. Testing has shown that as-welded F65 steel /Alloy 59 combinations may also suffer when charged with hydrogen and tested at low temperatures (e.g. shut down temperature).
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