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Journal articles on the topic 'Beyrut'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

GÖKGÖZ, Turgay. "LITERATURE AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN BEYRUT IN THE 19TH CENTURY." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.1-3.23.

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Throughout history, Beirut has been the habitat of different religions and nations. The people of various nations are made up of Christians and Muslims. Today, it is seen that languages such as Arabic, French and English are among the most spoken languages in Lebanon, where Beirut is located. Looking at Beirut in the 19th century, it was seen that colonial powers such as Britain and France were a conflict area, and at the same time it was one of the centers of Arab nationalism thought against the Ottoman Empire. During the occupation of Mehmet Ali Pasha, missionary schools were allowed to open, as well as cities such as Zahle, Damascus and Aleppo, Jesuit schools were opened in Beirut. With the opening of American Protestant schools, the influence of the relevant schools in the emergence and development of the idea of Arab nationalism is inevitable. Especially in Beirut, it would be appropriate to state that the aim of using languages such as French and English instead of Arabic education in missionary schools is to instill Western culture and to attract students to Christianity. The students of the Syrian Protestant College, who constituted the original of the American University of Beirut, worked against the Ottoman Empire within the society they established and aimed to establish an independent secular Arab state. Beirut comes to the fore especially in areas such as poetry and theater before the “Nahda” movement that started in Egypt during the reign of Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha with Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. The advances that paved the way for the development of modern literature in Beirut before Egypt will find a place in the field of literature later. In this study, it is aimed to present information on literary and cultural activities that took place in Beirut and emphasize the importance of Beirut in modern Arabic literature in the 19th century.

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2

GÖKGÖZ, Turgay. "LITERATURE AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN BEYRUT IN THE 19TH CENTURY." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.1-3.23.

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Throughout history, Beirut has been the habitat of different religions and nations. The people of various nations are made up of Christians and Muslims. Today, it is seen that languages such as Arabic, French and English are among the most spoken languages in Lebanon, where Beirut is located. Looking at Beirut in the 19th century, it was seen that colonial powers such as Britain and France were a conflict area, and at the same time it was one of the centers of Arab nationalism thought against the Ottoman Empire. During the occupation of Mehmet Ali Pasha, missionary schools were allowed to open, as well as cities such as Zahle, Damascus and Aleppo, Jesuit schools were opened in Beirut. With the opening of American Protestant schools, the influence of the relevant schools in the emergence and development of the idea of Arab nationalism is inevitable. Especially in Beirut, it would be appropriate to state that the aim of using languages such as French and English instead of Arabic education in missionary schools is to instill Western culture and to attract students to Christianity. The students of the Syrian Protestant College, who constituted the original of the American University of Beirut, worked against the Ottoman Empire within the society they established and aimed to establish an independent secular Arab state. Beirut comes to the fore especially in areas such as poetry and theater before the “Nahda” movement that started in Egypt during the reign of Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha with Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. The advances that paved the way for the development of modern literature in Beirut before Egypt will find a place in the field of literature later. In this study, it is aimed to present information on literary and cultural activities that took place in Beirut and emphasize the importance of Beirut in modern Arabic literature in the 19th century.

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3

Dereci, Şeyma. ""Mekânsal Sabitleme"ye Bir Örnek: Mecburî İstasyon Olarak Beyrut Karantinahanesi." History Studies International Journal of History 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9737/hist.2021.1009.

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4

Tuna, Ozan. "Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda U-21 Denizaltısının Çanakkale Boğazı ve Beyrut Limanı’ndaki Faaliyetleri." Tarih Dergisi, no. 74 (June 7, 2021): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/iutd.820148.

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5

Turkey, Mohamad. "Gâde es-Semmân ın Beyrut Kâbusları Romanı Örnekliğinde Otobiyografik Roman Üzerine Bir İnceleme." Necmettin Erbakan Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi, Necmettin Erbakan University 50, no. 50 (December 31, 2020): 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.51121/ilafak.2020.9.

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6

AYYILDIZ, Esat. "Et-Tayyib Sâlih’in “Mevsimu’l-Hicre İle’ş-Şemâl” Adlı Romanının Tahlili." Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi 58, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2018.58.1.31.

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et-Tayyib Sâlih, 20. Yüzyılın en önemli Sudanlı yazarlarından birisidir. En meşhur eseri olan Mevsimu'l-Hicre ile'ş-Şemâl’i, 1966 senesindeyayımlamış ve eser ilk kez Hivâr adlı Beyrut dergisinde neşredilmiştir. Genel anlamda romanın ana odak noktası, İngiliz sömürgeciliğinin ve Avrupa modernitesinin kırsal Afrika toplumlarına, özellikle Sudan kültür ve kimliğine olan etkisidir. Eser, modern Sudan’daki çatışmaları yansıtmakta, Avrupa sömürgeciliğinin acımasız tarihini dile getirerek çağdaş Sudan toplumunun realitesini ortaya koymaktadır. Mevsimu'l-Hicre ile'ş-Şemâl, yurtdışında eğitim aldıktan sonra ülkesine dönen, “dünya görmüş” Afrikalı bir adamın, adı açıklanmayan bir anlatıcı tarafından, belirsiz bir dinleyiciye nakledilen hikâyesidir. 1950’lerde anlatıcı, Nil Nehri üzerindeki Ved Hâmid adlı köyüne, ‘pek tanınmayan bir İngiliz şairin hayatı’ üzerine yazdığı doktora tezinden sonra tekrar döner. Romanın başkişisi olan Mustafa Said, İngiliz sömürgeciliğinin ortaya çıkarttığı bir çocuk, sömürgeci eğitimin bir mahsulü, aynı zamanda döneminin canavarlaşan bir mamulüdür. Mevsimu'l-Hicre ile'ş-Şemâl, Doğu-Batı karşılaşmalarına odaklanan, sömürgecilik sonrası anlatıların gelişiminde önemli bir dönüm noktası kabul edilmiştir. Arap Edebiyatı Akademisi, eseri 20. yüzyılın en iyi Arapça romanları arasında saymıştır.

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7

Özşavlı, Halil. "Türkiye’den Son Toplu Ermeni Göçü: Sancak Ermenilerinin Lübnan’a Taşınması 1938-1939." Belleten 81, no. 290 (April 1, 2017): 243–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2017.243.

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Türkiye'den son toplu Ermeni göçü 1939 yılında İskenderun Sancağı'nın Türkiye'ye geçmesiyle yaşandı. Ancak İskenderun Sancağı Fransız manda idaresi altında kaldığı süre boyunca burada bilinçli olarak demografik bir mühendislik uygulandı ve buraya sürekli olarak 1921-1922 döneminde Aandolu'dan Suriye ve Lübnan'a göç eden Anadolulu Ermeni mülteciler iskan edilmek süretiyle gayrimuslim nüfus Türk nüfusun aleyhinde olacak şekilde arttırıldı. Öyleki 1914 yılında yedi bin civarında olan Sancak'taki Ermeni nüfusu 1927 yılında dokuz bin, 1936 yılında ise yirmidört bin olmuştu. Bu süre zarfında bu kadar büyük oranda Ermeni nüfusunun artmasının sebebi Milletler Cemiyeti Mültecilere Yardım Ofisi'nin 1927 yılında başlattığı Suriye ve Lübnan'daki Emeni mültecileri yeniden iskan projesidir. Bu proje çervesinde halep ve Beyrut kamplarındaki kırk bin civarında Ermeni mülteci yeni inşa edilen semtlere taşındı. Bu proje kampsamında 1927-1936 yılları arasında İskederun Sancağı'ndaki şehir merkezleri ile kırsal alanlara toplmada on üç bin Ermeni iskan edildi. Ancak önce 1938 yılında Türkiye ve Fransa arasında yapılan antlaşma gereği Türk ordusunun İskednerun Sancağı'na girmesi ve 1939 yılında Sancak'ın idaresinini tamamen Türkiye'ye bırakılması neticesinde on sekiz bin civarında Ermeni Türk idaresindeki Sancak'ta yaşamaktansa Fransız idaresindeki Suriye ve Lübnan'da yaşamayı tercih ettikleri için Süriye ve Lübnan'a göç etti.

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8

Karakoç, İrfan. "Some colours and some lust that’s who you are: Cenap Sahabettin and four travels around Ottoman’s “Orient”Biraz renk biraz şehvet o sensin işte: Cenap Şahabettin ve Osmanlı’nın “Orient”inde dört gezinti." International Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3544.

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<p>Cenap Şahabettin (1871-1934) is generally accepted as a part of the Servet-i Fünûn literary movement which was popular between 1896 and 1901 in the Ottoman Empire. He is well-known as a poet but he had written prose as well. He worked for the Ottoman government as a high ranking executive in Arabic countries and wrote several books during his mission and ensuing travels. <em>Hac Yolunda</em> (On the way to Mecca), <em>Âfâk-ı Irak</em> (Horizons of Iraq) are his travel books. He also published two travel notes under the titles of “Suriye Mektupları” (Letters from Syria) and <em>Beyrut, Filistin ve Nablus İzlenimleri 1918</em> (Impressions from Beirut, Palestine and Nablus 1918). This article focuses mainly on the abovementioned works of the writer. All the works were written between 1896 and 1918, and this period in the history was quite an important one for the Middle East and the Ottoman Empire where significant historical events occurred. The Ottoman Empire was coming to an end, the World War I was effecting every aspect of life and Middle East was taking a new shape. Subject matter of this work, as a result of the period, bound to mention modernity, identity policies, and nation building discourses and practices. These works are important since they provide enough information to find out the writer’s attitude towards the local Arabs, his approach to the common, conventional prejudices, and his own newly created biases. Edward Said’s Orientalism, Ussama Makdisi’s “Rethinking Ottoman Imperialism: Modernity, Violence and the Cultural Logic of Ottoman Reform” and “Ottoman Orientalism” and Selim Deringil’s <em>The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire 1876-1909</em> are the main works that used to examine the texts in hand in details.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Edebiyat tarihçileri tarafından Servet-i Fünûn dönemi edebiyatı (1896-1901) içerisinde değerlendirilen, düzyazı eserleri olmakla birlikte daha çok şairliğiyle tanınan Cenap Şahabettin (1871-1934), Osmanlı yönetimi altındaki Arap ülkelerinde uzun yıllar yönetici olarak çalışmıştır. Bu görevlerinin ve daha sonra yaptığı seyahatlerin ürünü olarak da <em>Hac Yolunda </em>adlı kitabı<em>, Âfâk-ı Irak</em>, “Suriye Mektupları” ve son olarak ise Beyrut, <em>Filistin ve Nablus İzlenimleri 1918</em> adıyla bir araya getirilen seyahat notlarını yayımlamıştır.</p><p>Bu çalışma, Cenap Şahabettin’in adı geçen eserlerini odağa almayı amaçlamaktadır. Kuşkusuz bu eserlerin anlatı mekânı Orta Doğu’dur ve yazılar 1896-1918 gibi bölge ve dünya siyaseti için çok önemli tarihler arasında üretilmiştir. Konu Osmanlı’nın son yılları, I. Dünya Savaşı, Orta Doğu gibi hem siyasal hem de tarihsel mekânları içerdiğinden ilk akla gelen konular elbette modernleşme, kimlik politikaları ve uluslaşma süreci söylem ve pratikleri olacaktır. İşte bu bağlamdan hareketle, önemli bir Osmanlı şairinin kimlik algısını belirlemek, bölge insanına özellikle de Arap halklarına bakışını, üretilmiş imgelere yaklaşımını görmek, kendi ürettiği imgeleri yorumlamak açısından belirtilen eserler ve yazılar büyük değer taşımaktadır. Bu metinler, özellikle Edward Said’in <em>Şarkiyatçılık: Batının Şark Anlayışları</em> adlı kitabı, Ussama Makdisi’nin “Rethinking Ottoman Imperialism: Modernity, Violence and the Cultural Logic of Ottoman Reform” ile “Ottoman Orientalism” yazıları ve Selim Deringil’in <em>İktidarın Sembolleri ve İdeoloji: II. Abdülhamid Dönemi (1876-1909)</em> adlı çalışması temel alınarak yorumlanacaktır.</p>

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9

Moukarzel, Pierre. "Les indices du développement urbain de Beyrouth (XIVe-XVe siècles)." Chronos 19 (April 11, 2019): 115–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v19i0.458.

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De 1291 à 1516, la ville de Beyrouth était sous domination mamelouke. Elle gouvernait un district composé d'un grand nombre de villages sous l'autorité d'émirs de la famille Buhtur installée, dès le XIIe siècle, dans la région d'al-Gharb, la région montagneuse qui s'étend au sud-est de Beyrouth. Le district administré par Beyrouth était limité au nord par le Nahr al-Kalb ; au sud, par le Nahr ad-Dümür à l'est, par la crête du Liban comprenant les régions d'al-Gharb et d'al-Matn. Beyrouth occupait alors une place importante dans le commerce de la Syrie2, avec un réseau d'échanges commerciaux établi avec les villes du littoral et avec Damas, l'Égypte, Chypre et l'Europe, à l'autre rive de la Méditerranée. Pour Beyrouth, les XIVe et XVe siècles correspondent à une apogée commerciale et à un développement urbain conséquent. Cette période est couverte par une abondance de sources européennes et latines comprenant des données économiques, politiques, juridiques et littéraires sur les rapports entre le Levant et l'Europe. C'est sans compter les nombreuses sources arabes.

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10

Guse, John C. "Polo Beyris: A Forgotten Internment Camp in France, 1939–47." Journal of Contemporary History 54, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 368–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417712113.

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Polo Beyris is a virtually unexplored example of internment under French and German authorities. From 1939 to 1947 the camp of Polo Beyris in Bayonne held successively: Spanish Civil War refugees, French colonial prisoners of war, suspected ‘collaborators’ and German prisoners of war. Despite having up to 8600 prisoners at one time, the large camp and its numerous satellite work detachments were literally ‘forgotten’ for decades. Although similar to other camps in its improvised nature, wretched living conditions, lack of food and constant movement of prisoners, Polo Beyris was also unique: located in a dense urban area, within the wartime Occupied Zone and close to the Spanish frontier. Its civil and military administrators were faced with constantly changing, and often chaotic, political and military circumstances. Not a waystation in the Holocaust, Polo Beyris has been lost from the sight of historians. It provides an additional dimension to the complex history of internment in twentieth century France.

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11

Brones, Sophie, and Amin Moghadam. "Beyrouth-Dubaï." Géographie et cultures, no. 97 (October 1, 2016): 113–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.4385.

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12

Kacimi, Mohamed. "Absolut Beyrouth." La pensée de midi N° 19, no. 3 (November 7, 2006): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lpm.019.0154.

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13

Charbonneau, Jean-Pierre. "Retour de Beyrouth." Tous urbains 16, no. 4 (2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/tu.016.0048.

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14

Littell, Jonathan, and Richard Millet. "Conversation à Beyrouth." Le Débat 144, no. 2 (2007): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/deba.144.0004.

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15

Raad, Walid. "Bayrut Ya Beyrouth." Third Text 10, no. 36 (September 1996): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528829608576626.

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16

Hitti, Eveline. "L’explosion à Beyrouth." Canadian Medical Association Journal 193, no. 29 (July 25, 2021): E1154—E1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.202495-f.

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17

Kacimi, Mohamed. "Beyrouth XXIe siècle." La pensée de midi N° 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lpm.020.0006.

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18

Gurney, John. "List of Birds of Prey received from Beyrout." Ibis 1, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1859.tb06217.x.

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19

Rustom, Joseph. "L'espace urbain de Bayrut al-Qadima et ses habitants vers 1860 à travers un registre du waqf sunnite." Chronos 25 (March 23, 2019): 143–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v25i0.425.

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Les changements rapides que la ville de Beyrouth a connus entre la fin du XIXème et le début du XXème siècle ont créé une rupture importante de son espace urbain, compliquant notre connaissance de la ville historique et, par conséquent, notre compréhension de la ville actuelle. Du Beyrouth d'avant 1878 , date du lancement du premier grand projet urbain, ne subsistent aujourd'hui que quelques lieux de culte dont l'implantation est étrangère au tracé urbain actuel et témoigne encore du tissu urbain médiéval. Il faut en effet beaucoup d'imagination au promeneur d ' aujourd 'hui pour se représenter le souk al-Sakküfin en longeant le mur sud de la mosquée al- 'Umari, ou la rue Hürat al-Yahüd en contournant l'angle nord-est du terrain de la cathédrale Saint-Élie des grecs-catholiques. À l'instar des dessins d'architectes cherchant à reconstituer la villa mythique du Laurentin de Pline le Jeune à partir d 'une lettre rédigée par le célèbre écrivain, cet article se propose d 'étudier les possibilités , même limitées, de spatialiser les données d 'une source écrite, en dressant une carte virtuelle de Beyrouth et de la répartition de ses habitants à partir d'un registre de waqfsunnite datant de l'an 1278 hijrï (1862).

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20

ALPTEKİN, MEHMET. "BAMSI BEYREK DESTANINDA SELAMLAŞMA." International Journal Of Turkish Literature Culture Education 6, no. 6/4 (January 1, 2017): 2522–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7884/teke.3973.

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21

Baille, Rémi, and Jonathan Chalier. "Les bonnes de Beyrouth." Esprit Novmbr, no. 11 (2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.1711.0013.

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22

Crémieux, François. "Beyrouth, capitale du pessimisme." Esprit Novmbr, no. 11 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.2011.0026.

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23

Raymond, Candice. "Les Annales à Beyrouth." Revue d'histoire des sciences humaines, no. 34 (June 13, 2019): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rhsh.2955.

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24

Ra’ad, Walid. "“Beyrouth, à la Folie”." L'Esprit Créateur 34, no. 2 (1994): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esp.1994.0029.

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25

El-Amine, Bachar. "Beyrouth, où habites-tu ?" Géographie et cultures, no. 65 (November 3, 2008): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.1440.

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26

Takieddine-Amiouny, Mona, Jeanie Makdissi, Joseph Moughaïzel, Laure Moughaïzel, Raja Nehmé, Fouad Amiouny, Ilham Kallab-Bissat, et al. "Rencontre de Beyrouth, 1988." Les Cahiers du GRIF 43, no. 1 (1990): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/grif.1990.1826.

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27

Harb, Mona. "La Dâhiye de Beyrouth :." Genèses 51, no. 2 (2003): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gen.051.0070.

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28

Mongin, Olivier. "Paris, Bamako, Tunis, Beyrouth." Tous urbains 12, no. 4 (2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/tu.012.0014.

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29

Villin, Emmanuel. "Etre palestinien à Beyrouth." La pensée de midi N° 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lpm.020.0134.

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30

Moughanie, Hala. "Parade amoureuse dans Beyrouth." La pensée de midi N° 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lpm.017.0008.

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31

Gemayel, Yasmine. "Les filles de Beyrouth." La pensée de midi N° 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lpm.020.0069.

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32

Raymond, Candice. "Beyrouth avant Beyrouth : historiographies contemporaines d’une « ville arabe ottomane » (xvie-xviiie siècles)." Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, no. 148 (December 30, 2020): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/remmm.15300.

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33

Ezzahouani, Aziz, and Larry E. Williams. "Performance of dattier de Beyrouth and Alphonse Lavallée grapevines on eight rootstocks under dry-land conditions." OENO One 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2005.39.2.898.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of eight different rootstocks on two non-irrigated table grape cultivars Dattier de Beyrouth and Alphonse Lavallée. Seasonal midday leaf water potential was positively correlated with crop yield. Averaged across both scion and year, the 1103P rootstock had the highest yield while 41B the lowest. Berry size of 'Alphonse Lavallée on SO4 was greatest both years and for the 'Dattier de Beyrouth' scion on SO4, just one year. The rootstock with the greatest pruning weights (averaged across scion and year) was SO4 while that with the least was R-Lot. Based upon the yield data and characteristics of the fruit, 1103P would be recommended as the rootstock for use in this area under dry-land farming conditions, for the production of these two table grape cultivars.</p>

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34

Nammour, Magda. "Un document réformateur des usages familiaux de la communauté grecque orthodoxe de Beyrouth en 1873." Chronos 35 (November 4, 2018): 29–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v35i0.201.

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Dans les fonds anciens de la Bibliotheque Orientale de Beyrouth, nous avons retrouve un exemplaire d'une lettre pastorale publiee en 1873 par Ghoufra' il (Gabriel) Chatila, I'archeveque grec orthodoxe de cette ville. Intitulee [slah al- 'awayd Ii-fa 'ifat al-roum al-orthodoksiyin fi Bayrout (Reforme des coutumes de la communaute grecque orthodoxe de Beyrouth), cette circulaire vise it informer les membres de la communaute orthodoxe beyrouthine de la reforme des usages familiaux et sociaux telle que nouvellement statuee par I ' archeveche. Nous ne connaissions pas I'existence de ce document de 1873. Seules des versions tardives, mais qui ne sont pas parfaitement identiques, ont ete publiees et n'y font aucunement reference. La premiere est rectigee par I'eveque Malatius de Lattaquie, et diffusee une dizaine d'annee plus tard par I'archidiacre Gerassimos Messarra dans la revue al-Hadiyyaf (Messarra 1887 : 283-284, 293-295, 300-302).

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Dimic, Nebojsa, Vitaly Orlov, and Janne Äijö. "Bond–Equity Yield Ratio Market Timing in Emerging Markets." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 18, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972652719831536.

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This article investigates the market timing ability of the bond–equity yield ratio (BEYR) from an international investor perspective. Consolidating data on emerging markets, we document no major international evidence that BEYR-based investing strategies, namely extreme values, thresholds and moving averages, provide higher risk-adjusted returns than benchmark buy-and-hold portfolios. However, we develop new augmented BEYR indicators by introducing the notion of US bonds as a safe investment relative to emerging market stocks and bonds. Dynamic strategies based on our augmented BEYR indicators produce significant gains in risk-adjusted returns compared with traditional BEYR and buy-and-hold benchmark strategies. JEL Classifications: G11, G12, G15

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Carlsson, Gunnar. "A Tribute to Henry Beyron." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 19, no. 4 (July 1992): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1992.tb01572.x.

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Huybrechts, Éric, and Éric Verdeil. "Beyrouth entre reconstruction et métropolisation." Villes en parallèle 30, no. 1 (2000): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2000.1294.

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Moroy, Franck. "Football et communautarisme à Beyrouth." Sociétés & Représentations 7, no. 2 (1998): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sr.007.0155.

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Amadessi, Veronica. "Toufic El-Khoury, Beyrouth pantomime." Studi Francesi, no. 162 (LIV | III) (November 1, 2010): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.6479.

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Beauchard, Jacques. "Beyrouth, ville ouverte et fermée." Hermès 63, no. 2 (2012): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/48328.

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Lteif, Carine, and Christophe-Toussaint Soulard. "L’agriculture urbaine à Beyrouth, Liban." Rives méditerranéennes, no. 59 (October 15, 2019): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rives.7098.

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Siari Tengour, Ouanassa. "Samir, KASSIR, Histoire de Beyrouth." Insaniyat / إنسانيات, no. 35-36 (June 30, 2007): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/insaniyat.3927.

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Chehab, Majed, and Patrick Habis. "Perdus entre Paris et Beyrouth." Confluences Méditerranée N°67, no. 4 (2008): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/come.067.0181.

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ANTAKI, Patricia. "Le château croisé de Beyrouth." ARAM Periodical 13 (January 1, 2001): 323–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/aram.13.0.504506.

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Viallon, Philippe. "Pierre BEYLOT, Le récit audiovisuel." Communication, Vol. 26/2 (June 15, 2008): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/communication.503.

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ALPI Frederic. ""Beyrout Byzantine et proto-islamique: continuit? et ruptures (Ve-VIIIe s.)." ARAM Periodical 13, no. 1 (April 14, 2005): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/aram.13.1.504505.

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Polledri, Claudia. "« Le Musée national de Beyrouth et Beit Beyrouth : ou de la provocation de la mémoire »." Muséologies: Les cahiers d'études supérieures 8, no. 2 (2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050760ar.

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Meier, Daniel, and Hussein Baydoun. "Borderlanders of Lebanon: People from the In-between Spaces." Borders in Globalization Review 2, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr22202120078.

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This portfolio stems from a research project focusing on the many ways the residents of the border regions of Lebanon, or “borderlanders”, live and perceive the international borders. Funded by the Heinrich Böll Stiftung (Berlin-Beyrouth) and the Institut Convergences Migrations (Paris), this original research was conducted by photographer Hussein Baydoun and researcher Daniel Meier with the aim of visibalizing a category of unseen people: borderlanders.

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Samar, Sakr. "ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AEROLOGY IN THE REGION OF BEIRUT DURING THE SUMMER PERIOD." Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” 24, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2414-9179-2018-2-24-281-291.

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Dakhli, Leyla. "Beyrouth-Damas, 1928 : voile et dévoilement." Le Mouvement Social 231, no. 2 (2010): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lms.231.0123.

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