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1
Ezea, Ifeanyi Boniface, and James Chukwuma Ogbonna. "Outdoor cultivation of microalgae in a medium enriched with poultry droppings for biomass production." Bio-Research 21, no. 2 (2023): 2058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v21i2.10.
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Microalgae require nutrients and optimal pH for good growth and metabolite production. Microalgae biomass has various applications in food and feed, pharmaceuticals, bio-energy, aquaculture, cosmetics and other related industries. However, the cost of media represents a significant percentage of the total production cost. The aim of this work was therefore, to develop a cheap medium for efficient outdoor cultivation of microalgae and to find the optimum pH for biomass production. Three Chlorella species designated A, B and C were isolated from three stagnant water bodies at Amoke Lane, University market road in Nsukka town by using BG-11 enriched with poultry droppings. Poultry droppings medium was prepared by drying under the sunlight for 5 days. The dried poultry droppings were crushed into a fine powder and 200 g was weighed and soaked in 1000 ml of distilled water for 3 days and filtered using a muslin cloth. A mixture of the poultry droppings medium and the conventional BG-11 medium was prepared by mixing equal volume of each medium. The growth and biomass productivity of the three local isolates in BG-11 medium were compared with those in poultry medium, and a mixture of poultry and BG-11 media. The results showed that the growth of the three isolates in poultry medium alone were significantly higher than the values obtained in BG-11 and a mixture of BG-11 and poultry medium (p< 0.05). With poultry medium, the maximum optical densities of the cultures were 2.10± 0.07, 2.56± 0.09 and 3.35± 0.11 for isolates A, B, and C respectively. However, with a mixture of BG-11 and poultry medium, the maximum optical densities were 0.83± 0.01, 1.67± 0.05 and 0.57± 0.02 respectively. BG-11 supported the least growth of the three isolates, giving maximum optical densities of 0.38± 0.01, 0.42± 0.03 and 0.52± 0.02 respectively. All the three isolates had their best growth in poultry medium at pH of 5.0. The results show that poultry medium, which is cheap and can be easily prepared from poultry droppings, is very good for cultivation of some species of microalgae.
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Kumar, Gajendra, and Gajendra Pal Singh. "Alterations in Proteins and Amino Acids of the Cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans in Response to Different Inorganic Formulations." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 6, no. 3 (2017): 932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v6i3.6362.
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Anacystis nidulans is a small, rod-shaped, unicellular, colonial, obligatory phototrophic microalga isolated from Sambhar Lake, Jaipur (Rajasthan). To find out the best inorganic composition cultures were grown in five different defined inorganic medium such as Modified BG-11 medium (pH 7.31), BG-11 medium (7.1), CHU-10 (pH 7.65), Zarrouk’s medium (pH 10.2) and Kratz & Myer medium (pH 9.5) and kept at the temperature of 25 ± 2°C, illuminated with white fluorescent lamps at a light intensity of 2.5 Klux with 12:12 hours light/dark photoperiod in departmental laboratory. Protein content is determined by Bradford assay and qualitatively by SDS-PAGE. Protein expression levels were determined through densitometry. Highest protein and amino acid content were obtained in Modified BG-11 medium as compared to other medium. Two polypeptides of 54.3 and 56.2 kDa were uniquely observed, but the genotype of 35.8 kDa polypeptide was completely degraded under Modified BG-11 inorganic formulation. 35.8, 54.3, 56.2 and 61.8 kDa polypeptides were completely degraded in Zarrouk’s as well as Kratz and Myer medium. The expression of some polypeptides of 14.0, 34.1, 42.3, 45.9, 49.5 and 75.0 kDa were greatly reduced and expressed only 1mm level in Zarrouk’s and Kratz and Myer medium. Quantity of free amino acids maximum was in Modified BG-11 medium and minimum was in the Kratz and Myer Medium. Total 17amino acids were observed in the HPLC chromatogram. No detectable amount of asparagine, glutamine and tryptophan were found throughout the course of the algal life cycle
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Amal, A. Badr, and M. Fouad Walid. "Identification of culturable microalgae diversity in the River Nile in Egypt using enrichment media." African Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 50–64. https://doi.org/10.33472/AFJBS.3.2.2021.50-64.
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This study aimed to morphologically identify the highest possible microalgae biodiversity in a sample collected from the River Nile using the culture-based method. Water samples were cultured on the two commonly used media BG-11 and BBM media to obtain a broad spectrum of microalgae biodiversity. Likewise, the effects of nutrients concentration and vitamin supplements to BG-11 and BBM for supporting the maximum diversity of culturable microalgae were tested. Cell counts and morphology-based identification were conducted to evaluate the population diversity. A total of 35 species have been identified using the two media combined. The standard BG-11 and BBM media enriched 25 and 27 species, respectively, while the reduced nutrient concentration of BG-11 and BBM had a species richness of 19 and 24, respectively. The vitamin-enriched media each sustained BG-11<sup>+Vit</sup> (23) and BBM<sup>+Vit</sup> (20). We found that some algae species were uniquely identified on the reduced nutrient concentration or vitamin-enriched media. The results of this study report the current algae diversity in the Nile demonstrating that the usage of single-culture media for algal enrichment would result in underestimating the species richness. The diversity identified can be used as a reference for continuos monitoring of the River Nile microalgae diversity in Cairo.
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Singh, Har Mohan, V. V. Tyagi, Richa Kothari, and Ahmet Sari. "Influence of Different Angles in the Photobioreactor on Algal Biomass Growth with Optimized Poultry Excreta Leachate: A Batch-Scale Study." Fermentation 9, no. 3 (2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030265.
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In this study, the influence of solar inclination angles on biomass growth and the biomolecule profile of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) were analyzed in the vertical flat–panel photobioreactor (FPPBR). The growth of C. pyrenoidosa was analyzed at three different solar inclination angles (32.9°, 47.9°, and 90°) in a natural open environment with BG-11 medium and poultry excreta leachate (PEL). The maximum yield of biomass was obtained at 2.40 g/L with PEL and 1.45 g/L with BG-11 medium at a solar inclination angle of 47.9°. The biomass yield with PEL and BG-11 was 5.09–10.26%, 3.94–5.72%, respectively, while biomass productivity with PEL and BG-11 was 5.27–10.63%, 4.06–5.90% higher at a solar inclination angle of 47.9° as compared to 32.9°. The average temperature and radiation of FPPBR were recorded ≈3.90 ± 0.40% and ≈17.28 ± 2.23% higher at a solar inclination angle of 47.9° as compared to a solar inclination angle of 32.9°. The inclined radiation was acquired the maximum area of FPPBR. Results indicated that solar inclination angles enhanced the productivity of algae in FPPBR.
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Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa, Joseph Ikwebe, Ezeonu Chukwuma Stephen, Alice Njolke Mafe, and Moses Adondua Abah. "Isolation and Molecular Characterisation of Microalgal from Industrial Wastewater." Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS 2, no. 3 (2024): 442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i3.3851.
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Microalgae are photosynthetic, unicellular microorganisms also known as phytoplankton. They are small plant-like entities. In this research, the sample were collected from cement factory in a sterilised 20L container wrapped with foil paper and were transported down to Federal University, Wukari where it was kept in refrigerator at biochemistry laboratory. Blue-Green media (BG-11) was prepared. Wastewater containing Microalgae obtained from cement wastewater pond were cultivated in BG-11 medium to determine the growth of the organism. BG-11 medium contained macronutrients, trace metals and some vitamins which aid the growth of the organism. The wastewater sample containing with suspected microalgae was inoculated (inoculum ratio = 25%) and incubated under atmospheric CO2 at room temperature (30±2°C) in our laboratory for two to three weeks during the incubation period. In order to purify the isolates, the upper growth layer was first decanted into a freshly produced medium and then plated on BG-11 media that had been solidified with 1% agar-agar. For several of the cultures, growth on the agar plates continued for around three weeks. Following repeated sub-culturing, the emerging greenish colonies were re-emerged into a sterile BG-11 agar medium. In isolation of organism from the industrial cement waste water, the isolate was identified by morphological and molecular identification by extracting the DNA, run the electrophoretic analysis and PCR using primers for 18S rRNA eukaryotic microalgal and then run the sequence analysis. The results of this study obtained, indicated that, the electrophoretic result show the band has 1800-2000base pair and the organism isolated from the industrial cement waste water were chlorogonium sp. with a percent similarity of 78.65% and accession number of OR886595 based on data Gene Bank blast results.
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Silva, Débora Louise Barros, Laenne Barbara Silva de Moraes, Carlos Yure Barbosa Oliveira, Clarissa Vilela Figueiredo da Silva Campos, Ranilson de Souza Bezerra, and Alfredo Olivera Gálvez. "Influence of culture medium on growth and protein production by Haematococcus pluvialis." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 44 (May 25, 2022): e59590. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v44i1.59590.
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Proteins from microalgal biomass have become promising raw materials in several industrial segments. To evaluate growth performance and protein production under different nutritional conditions, Haematococcus pluvialis was grown in different culture media: BBM, RM, BG-11, and KM2. The cultures were inoculated at 105 cells mL-1, and submitted to a temperature of 24°C, in a continous photoperiod and irradiance of 40 µmol photons m-2 s-1. The highest cell density was observed when H. pluvialis was maintained in BG-11 medium (142 ± 30 × 104 cells mL-1), but no statistical difference was observed when comparing the results with those obtained when culturing this microalga in BBM (101 ± 14 × 104 cells mL-1) and RM (105 ± 5 × 104 cells mL-1) media. Also, the lowest cell density was found when cultivating H. pluvialis in KM2 medium (57 ± 9 × 104 cells mL-1), and there was no statistical difference for doubling time, growth rate and specific growth rate results between treatments. In addition, higher protein contents in H. pluvialis were reported for RM, BG-11, and KM2 culture media at 55.1 ± 5.6, 49.3 ± 3.6 and 58.4 ± 2.8%, respectively; and lower protein content was found using the BBM medium (31.1 ± 2.9%). The highest cell density and biomass were achieved at greater nitrogen availability and a higher nitrogen to phosphorus ratio. The results suggest that H. pluvialis is a potential species for protein production, and that BG-11 is the most suitable medium for growing this microalga as it allowed the achievement of highest biomass production and protein content among the media evaluated.
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Parthiban, Jeevitha, and Ranjitha Jambulingam. "Enhancing the Biodiesel Production Potential of Synechococcus elongatus and Anabaena Cyanobacterial Strain Isolated from Saline Water Using Different Media Composition and Organic Carbon Sources." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2023): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010870.
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In the present study, Synechococcus elongatus and Anabaena, two cyanobacterial species were cultured using different media conditions such as ASN III, modified ASN III, BG-11, and BBM for the enrichment of biomass and lipid productivity. The experimental result clearly shows that BG 11 was the efficient and cost-effective medium for both the isolated cyanobacterial species such as Synechococcus elongatus and Anabaena. The influence of organic carbon sources on biomass and lipid productivity of the selected cyanobacterial species were studied when cultivated in a BG-11 medium using different organic carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, sodium acetate and glycerol under mixotrophic conditions. Based on the experimental results, the isolated cyanobacterial strain Synechococcus elongatus and Anabaena showed an enriching effect on lipid production under mixotrophic conditions, but whereas Synechococcus elongatus showed a significant effect three times greater lipid productivity compared with Anabaena cyanobacterial strain, by the addition of glycerol as a supplement to the culture media.
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Hariram, V., J. Godwin John, E. Sangeethkumar, B. Gajalakshmi, and V. Ramanathan. "Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris – A Prospective Algal Fuel Source." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 5(Suppl) (2022): 2129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i05.009.
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In recent years, the prospective use of algae as an alternate fuel source for petroleum-based fuels has increased drastically. It has been researched extensively and proven that it can be used as a sustainable feedstock for producing green energy considering environmental safety. This article focused on the economically viable algal feedstock for the production of lipid content for its use as a feedstock for biodiesel production. For this purpose, the algal species Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris were selected, and it was grown under lab and open ambient conditions with two Blue green Medium (BG-11) and Bold Basal medium (BBM). Upon the yield, it was noticed that the BG-11 medium gave optimum lipid yield for both species. Hence, it was determined that through this medium higher lipid yield can be expected, and based on the GC-MS result it was notified that it can be a viable source of alternate fuel.
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Rai, Abhilasha, Aniket Sen, Biswajit Sarkar, Jitamanyu Chakrabarty, Bikash Kumar Mondal, and Susmita Dutta. "Phycoremediation of pollutants from secondary treated coke-oven wastewater using poultry litter as nutrient source: a cost-effective polishing technique." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 9 (2021): 2406–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.433.
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Abstract This article focuses on the phycoremediation of pollutants from secondary treated coke-oven effluent through a green and economical route. A microalgal sample was collected and identified as a consortium of Chlorella sp. and Synechococcus sp. The culture cost was reduced by using poultry litter extract as supplementary material to BG-11 medium. Since the major pollutants present in real secondary treated coke-oven wastewater are phenol, ammoniacal-N (NH4+) and cyanide, several matrices were designed with these three major pollutants by varying their initial concentrations such as phenol (2–10 mg/L), cyanide (0.3–1 mg/L) and NH4+ (100–200 mg/L), termed as simulated secondary treated coke-oven wastewater. Maximum removal was observed with individual solutions of phenol (4 mg/L), cyanide (0.6 mg/L) and NH4+ (175 mg/L), while maximum removal in simulated secondary treated coke-oven wastewater was observed at higher concentrations of phenol (8 mg/L) and cyanide (0.8 mg/L) and the same concentration of NH4+ (175 mg/L). A consortium was found effective to meet statutory limits of pollutants. Kinetic model was developed for predicting growth of consortium and observed that the poultry litter extract-enriched BG-11 medium showed higher values of maximum specific growth rate (0.56 per day) and carrying capacity (1,330 mg/L) than that in BG-11 medium only.
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Dahiya, Swati, Raja Chowdhury, Wendong Tao, and Pradeep Kumar. "Biomass and Lipid Productivity by Two Algal Strains of Chlorella sorokiniana Grown in Hydrolysate of Water Hyacinth." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051411.
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Hydrolysate prepared from the chemical hydrolysis of water hyacinth biomass contains a high amount of solubilised carbohydrate and nutrients. This hydrolysate was utilised as a medium for the cultivation of two strains of Chlorella sorokiniana, isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant using two different media, i.e., BG-11 and Knop’s medium. Different light intensities, light–dark cycles, and various concentrations of external carbon sources (monosaccharides and inorganic carbon) were used to optimise the microalgal growth. For the accumulation of lipids and carbohydrates, the microalgal strains were transferred to nutrient amended medium (N-amended and P-amended). It was observed that the combined effect of glucose, inorganic carbon, and a 12:12 h light–dark cycle proved to be the optimum parameters for high biomass productivity (~200 mg/L/day). For Chlorella sorokiniana 1 (isolated from BG-11 medium), the maximum carbohydrate content (22%) was found in P-amended medium (N = 0 mg/L, P: 3 mg/L), whereas, high lipid content (17.3%) was recorded in N-amended medium (N = 5 mg/L, P = 0 mg/L). However, for Chlorella sorokiniana 2 (isolated from the Knop’s medium), both lipid (17%) and carbohydrate accumulation (12.3%) were found to be maximum in the N-amended medium. Chlorella sorokiniana 2 showed a high saturated lipid accumulation compared to other strains. Kinetic modelling of the lipid profile revealed that the production rate of fatty acids and their various constituents were species dependent under identical conditions.
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Hao, Aimin, Zhouzhou Sun, Xiaoyu Shi, Dong Xia, Xin Liu, and Yasushi Iseri. "Allelopathic Suppression of Cyanobacterial Blooms by the Aquatic Plant Vallisneria natans Enhanced by Red and Blue LED Light Supplementation." Water 17, no. 1 (2025): 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17010131.
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Using allelochemicals produced by submerged plants to inhibit algal growth is an environmentally friendly approach to controlling harmful algal blooms in eutrophic lakes. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of cyanobacterial growth by allelochemicals accumulated by the aquatic plant Vallisneria natans, with enhancement through blue and red light-emitting diode (LED) supplementation. We conducted a laboratory experiment to assess the fluorescence parameters, enzyme activities, and phycocyanin contents of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa grown in different V. natans cultivation media. The fluorescence parameters in the BG-11 medium remained stable, but sharply decreased in both LED treatments, with nearly 100% inhibition observed after 12 h of incubation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase activities were stable in the BG-11 treatment, but enhanced in both LED treatments, reaching maximum values within 48 h. Higher SOD activities were observed with blue LED compared with red LED, suggesting better performance with blue light. A constant high phycocyanin fluorescence intensity was observed in the BG-11 treatment, while both LED treatments showed lower intensities. These results provided strong evidence that LED supplementation enhances the inhibitory effects of V. natans on M. aeruginosa growth. The combination of aquatic plant growth with underwater LED light supplementation offers a promising approach to controlling cyanobacterial blooms.
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Dixit, Rishibha, Surendra Singh, Manoj Kumar Enamala, and Alok Patel. "Effect of Various Growth Medium on the Physiology and De Novo Lipogenesis of a Freshwater Microalga Scenedesmus rotundus-MG910488 under Autotrophic Condition." Clean Technologies 4, no. 3 (2022): 733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4030045.
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The microalga Scenedesmus rotundus, isolated from Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India was designated as Scenedesmus rotundus-MG910488 after morphological and molecular identification. In this study, the effects of various autotrophic growth media on the physiology and lipid accumulation of this microalga were investigated. The cell density, amount of photosynthetic pigments, the productivity of biomass and lipid content and the cell morphology of the microalga were shown to be significantly affected by the variation in growth media. The highest biomass of 754.56 ± 14.80 mg L−1 with biomass productivity of 37.73 ± 0.74 mg L−1 day−1 was achieved when this microalgae was cultivated in the Zarrouk’s medium, whereas the highest lipid content of 33.30 ± 1.21% was observed in the BG-11 medium. The results confirm that the BG-11 is a cost-effective and efficient growth medium for this microalga. It also shows that the ingredients of the growth medium and its concentration influence the growth and synthesis of biomolecules produced by microalga. The biodiesel produced from obtained lipids was qualitatively estimated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H, 13C NMR) and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), which indicate the presence of oleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester and palmitic acid methyl ester as the leading fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the samples, which make this strain an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Seo, Yu-Hee, Jeong-Mi Do, Ho-Seong Suh, Su-Bin Park, and Ho-Sung Yoon. "Treatment of Swine Wastewater Using the Domestic Microalga Halochlorella rubescens KNUA214 for Bioenergy Production and Carotenoid Extraction." Applied Sciences 14, no. 24 (2024): 11650. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411650.
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The management of swine wastewater (SW) presents significant environmental challenges, requiring solutions that combine effective treatment with resource recovery. This study highlights the dual role of microalgae in wastewater remediation and bioenergy production. H. rubescens KNUA214 was cultivated in media containing varying concentrations of diluted swine wastewater (DSW; 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). Cultivating with Blue Green-11 (BG-11) medium + 50% DSW maximized biomass growth, the chlorophyll content, and carotenoid production. Nutrient removal efficiency in 100% DSW over 8 days demonstrated reductions of 59.3% in total nitrogen, 67.7% in ammonia nitrogen, and 40.7% in total phosphorus, confirming the species’ capacity for effective wastewater treatment. The carotenoid analysis using HPLC revealed that astaxanthin, lutein, canthaxanthin, and beta-carotene exhibited the highest levels in BG-11 + 50% DSW. Furthermore, the biomass analyses confirmed its potential for bioenergy applications, with high calorific values and significant polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations, enhancing its utility for bioenergy and biolubricant production. These findings position H. rubescens KNUA214 as an effective resource for integrating SW management with the sustainable production of high-value biochemicals, offering environmental and economic benefits.
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Khemiri, Sheyma, Ines Bouchech, Nadia Berrejeb, Mondher Mejri, Issam Smaali, and Nadia Khelifi. "Effects of Growth Medium Variation on the Nutri-Functional Properties of Microalgae Used for the Enrichment of Ricotta." Food Technology and Biotechnology 60, no. 1 (2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.60.01.22.7105.
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Research background. Microalgae represent an emergent sustainable source of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids that can ameliorate the nutritional characteristics of foods. The biochemical composition of microalgae could be modulated by varying the culture conditions to enhance the accumulation of biomolecules of interest. The aim of this work is to optimise the nutri-functional properties of two microalgae that can be used in food production. Experimental approach. Nannochloropsis gaditana L2 and Chlorella sp. SM1 were screened for growth, biochemical composition and radical scavenging activity employing four different growth media (algal, BG-11, f/2 and Conway) with different nutrient composition. The feasibility of using Chlorella sp. SM1 cultivated in BG-11 medium, in an under-investigated Mediterranean dairy product ricotta cheese and its effect on the sensory attributes was investigated. Additionally, Arthrospira platensis was used as reference in sensory analysis. Results and conclusions. Nitrate- and phosphate-rich media (BG-11 and algal) enhanced the biomass productivity. However, the highest lipid production (23.10 and 11.86 mg/(L·day) by strains SM1 and L2 respectively) and carbohydrate content (34.79 and 44.84 % by SM1 and L2 respectively) were obtained with the nitrate-deficient f/2 medium. Regardless of the used medium, the lipid profile of Chlorella sp. SM1 and N. gaditana L2 remained adequate for different applications with >50 % C16-18 as the main fatty acids. Significant increase in oleic acid (C18:1) content was recorded in response to nitrogen deficiency, being the highest in SM1 in f/2 medium (34 %). Nitrogen deficiency was also found to enhance phenolic compound (expressed as gallic acid equivalents, 48.8 and 35.1 mg/g in SM1 and L2 respectively) and carotenoid contents (2.2 and 2.0 mg/g in SM1 and L2 respectively). Due to its interesting antioxidant potential, Chlorella sp. SM1 was used at different mass fractions (0.2, 1 and 1.5 %) to enrich the ricotta cheese. The sample with 0.2 % Chlorella sp. SM1 was found to give the most appreciated product. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study presents the production of an innovative ricotta cheese using Chlorella sp. as a functional ingredient, without altering the manufacturing procedure, while maintaining acceptable sensorial characteristics. The biochemical composition of the used strains varied depending on the culture medium composition, which enabled the accumulation of phytonutrients of interest.
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Marcinauskas, Liutauras, Žydrūnas Kavaliauskas, Kamilė Jonynaitė, et al. "The Influence of Voltage on Gliding Arc Discharge Characteristics, the Composition of Air Plasma, and the Properties of BG-11 Medium." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (2024): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14052135.
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A gliding arc discharge (GAD) plasma device has been developed and tested. Possible applications areas for GAD plasma could be microalgae suspension treatments and the creation of plasma-activated water. To understand its behavior, the influence of the input power on the electrical characteristics of the generated GAD plasma was investigated using an oscilloscope. The waveforms of the voltage and current of GAD plasma are presented. The duration of the discharge time and the evolution of the arc during discharge were determined and investigated. It was revealed that the increase in the output voltage prolonged the duration of the arc discharge. The composition of the air plasma was investigated using a flame-emission spectrometer and acousto-optic emission spectrometer. It was revealed that the main species in the emission spectra of the GAD air plasma were N2, N2+, N+, NO, and O species. Furthermore, the increase in the input power enhanced the ionization degree of the air plasma and increased the intensities of the emission lines associated with N2+, NO, and O species. An increase in the conductivity of the BG-11 medium was observed. Physicochemical analyses of the plasma-activated BG-11 medium indicated an increase in the concentration of nitrite and nitrate ions and hydrogen peroxide with an enhancement of the voltage.
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Yuniarti, Ating, Muhammad Fakhri, Nasrullah Bai Arifin, and Anik Martinah Hariati. "Effects of Various Nitrogen Sources on the Growth and Biochemical Composition of <I>Chlorella</I> sp." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 15, no. 2 (2023): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v15i2.43182.
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Highlight Research Each species of microalga has a preferable nitrogen source for their optimal growth. The nitrogen sources in the grown media affected the growth rate and biochemical composition of Chlorella FNUB01. (NH2)2CO (urea) was found to be the best alternative nitrogen source for Chlorella FNUB01. For producing 1 g of Chlorella FNUB01, the use of urea reduced the cost of medium by 72.6%. Abstract Chlorella sp. is a potential microalgae species to be produced commercially for feed, growth accelerator, and immuno-modulator in fish and shrimp culture. This study aimed to evaluate the various nitrogen sources on the growth, biomass production, and biochemical composition of Chlorella sp. FNUB01. The nitrogen sources used in this study were urea (NH2)2CO, potassium nitrate (KNO3), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) was used as a control as it is a part of the commercial medium BG-11. Generally, the sources of nitrogen in the media affected the growth and chemical composition of Chlorella sp. FNUB01. This green microalga grew better in the urea-containing medium which accounted for 1.5 times the concentration of that cultured in BG-11 (40 x106 cells. mL-1). Meanwhile, this microalgae species experienced the lowest growth when cultured in NH4NO3-containing medium. The biomass productivity of Chlorella sp. FNUB01 cultured in urea (0.93 g.L-1) was comparable to those grown with NaNO3 as the N source. A similar pattern was recorded for protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content as these biochemical contents were affected by N availability in the medium. Urea was an alternative low-cost N source for the culture of Chlorella sp. FNUB01. Replacement of NaNO3 with urea could reduce the cost of the medium by 72.6%.
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Yongkhamcha, Butsara, та Nopparat Buddhakala. "Pumpkin Rind and Seeds Extracts Inhibit α - Glucosidase and Nitric Oxide Production and Promote Chlorella ellipsoidea Growth in Culture". Trends in Sciences 20, № 5 (2023): 6699. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.6699.
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The objective of this work was to investigate the potential of pumpkin rind and seed on antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities and the underlying mechanism. Therefore, this work was carried out to determine the antidiabetic activity using inhibitory activities of pumpkin rind and seeds extracts on α - glucosidase and the anti-inflammatory activity via inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production. And also, the potential of the pumpkin rind and seeds on culture of Chlorella ellipsoidea was determined. Determination of inhibitory activity on α - glucosidase was performed using α - glucosidase assay, while the Griess assay was employed for the inhibition on Nitric oxide (NO) -production. The pumpkin seed extract inhibited α - glucosidase more potent than the pumpkin rind extract (IC50 of 321.36 vs. 326.18 µg/mL). However, the activities of the extracts were less potent than that of Acarbose (IC50 of 317.26 µg/mL). Application of the extracts at the highest concentration, 500 µg/mL, the pumpkin seed extract displayed the inhibition of NO production higher than the pumpkin rind extract did (18.01 ± 1.57 % vs. 14.99 ± 1.94 %). Study on the effects of pumpkin rind and seeds on C. ellipsoidea culture revealed that the optimum media was the 7th medium (NPK+ mixture of pumpkin seed water and Blue-Green Medium (BG-11), 1:4) which generated the growth of C. ellipsoidea for 28 days with the Optical Density (OD) value of 1.43 ± 0.01 followed by BG-11 medium OD value of 1.41 ± 0.02) and the 3rd medium (NPK+ mixture of pumpkin rind water and BG-11, 1:1, OD value of 1.32 ± 0.01), respectively. The chemical contents of C. ellipsoidea cultured in 7th medium contained 54.25 ± 0.06 % protein, 15.95 ± 0.87 % carbohydrates, 9.35 ± 0.05 % fat, and 20.30 ± 0.33 % ash, meanwhile 53.37 ± 0.77 % protein, 12.83 ± 0.62 % carbohydrates, 17.80 ± 0.23 % fat, and 23.30 ± 1.33 % ash in the 3rd medium. The results obtained from this investigation indicate that pumpkin rind and seeds not only can be exploited for the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory components but also can be applied instead of the conventional medium for the culture of C. ellipdoidea. Therefore, bio-waste from pumpkin could be potentially utilized as the source of natural antidiabetic inhibitors, anti-inflammatory drugs and the effective components of C. ellipdoidea culture media. HIGHLIGHTS The pumpkin rind and seed extracts possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties The extracts from pumpkin rind and seeds exhibit antidiabetic activity via α- glucosidase inhibition The extracts from pumpkin rind and seeds display anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting on nitric oxide (NO) production The extracts from pumpkin rind and seeds could be potentially utilized as a source of natural antidiabetic inhibitors and anti-inflammatory drugs The bio-waste, pumpkin rind and seeds, could be used as the effective components of ellipdoidea culture medium GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Tzanakis, Nikolaos, Andriana F. Aravantinou, and Ioannis D. Manariotis. "Short-Term Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles on Microalgae at Different Initial Nutrient Concentrations." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (2023): 7853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15107853.
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The aim of this work was to investigate the combined short-term toxic effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and nitrate concentration of the medium on freshwater microalgae. For this purpose, freshwater microalgae Chlorococcum sp. was cultivated in modified Blue-Green medium (BG-11) containing nitrate concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 mg/L, and exposed to ZnO NPs in different concentrations (0.081 to 810 mg/L) for a period up to 96 h. The experimental results revealed that algal growth was affected by the exposure time, NPs concentrations, and mainly the initial nitrate concentration. Differences in microalgae growth rates were observed. The toxic effect of ZnO NPs was higher on microalgae cultured in modified BG-11 with low and high nitrate concentrations. During the 4-day exposure, the highest growth rates were observed at 24 h at an initial nitrate concentration of 50 mg/L; 1.94 d−1 and 0.22 d−1 for 0 and 810 mg/L ZnO NPs, respectively. Nitrate uptake by algal biomass reached up to 40.1% after 96 h of operation in the control culture with an initial nitrate concentration of 50 mg/L. Finally, the results of this study showed the need for the investigation of ZnO NPs toxicity on microalgae under optimum and stressful nutrient conditions for microalgae growth.
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Adam, Baha’uddeen Sa’id, Bashir Mohammed Abubakar, L. Garba, and Ismail Hassan. "Effect of Growth Media and pH on Microalgal Biomass of Chlorella vulgaris for Biodiesel Production." Bioremediation Science and Technology Research 10, no. 1 (2022): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v10i1.684.
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The increased industrialization and overuse of natural resources for energy, such as fossil fuels, have led to the energy crises and environmental issues that plague the world in the twenty-first century. The production of biodiesel from algae has recently gained attention as a potentially useful alternative fuel that is both environmentally friendly and easy to obtain. In this work, the effects of various pH levels on algae biomass and oil production from Chlorella Vulgaris were studied. The growth of the biomass concentration was monitored using a spectrophotometer. The biomass of C. vulgaris obtained from the test was subjected to oil extraction using the chemical solvent method. Out of the five media compositions tested (MBG-11, BG-11, BBM, M8 and N8), MBG-11 recorded the highest biomass concentration at pH 8 (0.6 mg/L/D) and N8 recorded the least biomass concentration at pH 6 (0.49 mg/L/D). The highest percentage of oil was extracted from the C. vulgaris in BBM at pH 6 (31.22%) while the lowest oil was recorded in M8 at pH 8 (14.75%). In conclusion, the best medium for C. vulgaris biomass production was MBG-11 medium while the best medium for oil Production from this microalga was Bold Basal Medium (BBM).
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Yang, Chih-Chun, Rex Wen, Claire Shen, and Da-Jeng Yao. "Using a Microfluidic Gradient Generator to Characterize BG-11 Medium for the Growth of Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942." Micromachines 6, no. 11 (2015): 1755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi6111454.
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H., Rav Nidhi, Mistry Rakesh N., and Panchal Hetal K. "Isolation of Cyanobacteria from Various Habitats and Checking their Efficacy in Antimicrobial Compound Production and Metal Biosorption." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 31, no. 2 (2025): 564–71. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2025.v31i02.027.
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Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative microbes which are also known as blue-green algae, play significant roles ecologically. In this study, 35 different aquatic and terrestrial samples were collected from different regions of India. All the samples were inoculated in liquid BG-11 medium for enrichment. These enriched samples were used to isolate cyanobacteria on a BG-11 agar medium. 20 cyanobacterial species were isolated and identified based on their morphological characteristics. Different parameters like growth rate, chlorophyll estimation, and protein estimation were performed. 10 species were tested for the production of antimicrobial compounds from algal pellets and supernatants against 3 Gram-negative and 1 Gram Positive bacteria. Oscillatoria sp. (C2) pellet showed the highest inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli with a zone size of 22 mm. An Oscillatoria sp. (C4) pellet and supernatant were found most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus giving 14mm and 15mm size inhibition zones respectively. The Phormidium sp.(C29) supernatant showed inhibitory activity against Salmonella typhimurium with a 15mm zone size. The same 10 isolates were used to check Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) biosorption efficacy with both immobilized and free biomass for 50ppm and 100 ppm concentrations. Biosorption of Zn and Cu metals with immobilized cells showed good results compared to free biomass for both concentrations. All the parameters were performed in triplicates. This study demonstrates the efficacy of isolated cyanobacterial species in antimicrobial compound production and metal biosorption.
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Mohadi, Risfidian, Hermansyah, Helpi Mavala, and Hilda Zulkifli. "The effect of metal ion Cd(II) concentration on the growth of Spirulina sp. cultured on BG-11 medium." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 530 (September 16, 2020): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/530/1/012036.
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Arifin, Nasrullah Bai, Arifatus Febiana, Febriyani Eka Supriatin, and Muhammad Fakhri. "Growth, biomass, and pigment content of Thallassiosira sp. cultivated under different medium." Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik 9, no. 1 (2025): 51–66. https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2025.vol.9.no.1.494.
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Microalgae is a photosynthetic microorganism that oftenly used as live feed for aquaculture. One of the species that mostly used is Thalassiosira sp. This species belongs to the group of diatom which has high nutritional content. The availability of nutrient in media is one of the main factor affecting growth and biochemical content of Thalassiosira sp. This study aimed to evaluate effect of cultivation media on the growth, biomass, and pigment content of Thalassiosira sp. This research consisted of four treatments and four replicates. The treatments included different cultivation media namely walne, Blue Green-11 (BG-11), Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM), dan f/2 (Guillard). During the study, growth was observed daily while biomass and pigment content were evaluated at the early stationary phase. The result showed that different culture media was significantly (p < 0.05) effect the growth, biomass, and pigment content of Thalassiosira sp. The walne medium produced highest growth, biomass, and pigment content. On the other hand, the lowest production of growth, biomass, and pigment content were obtained in BBM. This study indicated that the suitable medium for Thalassiosira sp. cultivation was walne.
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Samuel, Bolaji John, Victoria Horbert, Zhaorui Jin, Delia S. Brauer, and Georg Matziolis. "ANTIMICROBIAL BIOACTIVE GLASS FOR TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC OR PATHOLOGICAL BONE DEFECTS." Orthopaedic Proceedings 106-B, SUPP_19 (2024): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2024.19.003.
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AimBiomaterial-associated infections (BAI) present a formidable clinical challenge. Bioactive glasses (BG) have proven highly successful in diverse clinical applications, especially in dentistry and orthopaedics. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of three commonly used BG composition and particle sizes on cell and bacterial attachment and growth. Our focus is on understanding the changes in pH and osmotic pressure in the surrounding environment during glass degradation.MethodFirst, three different melt-derived glasses were characterized by analyzing particle size and glass network structure using Raman and NMR. The different glasses were then tested in vitro by seeding 4x 104 cells/well (SaOS Cell line) in a 48 well plate. After a pre-incubation period of 72 hours, the different BGs and particle sizes were added to the cells and the pH value, ion release and live/dead staining was measured every hour. The effect of BG against bacteria (S. epidermidis) was analyzed after 24 and 72 hours of treatment by using XTT viability assay and CFU counting by plating out the treated aliquot agar to estimate the viable bacteria cells.ResultsAll three BG compositions tested showed a significant increase in pH, which was highest in BG composition 45S5 with a value of 11 compared to the other BG compositions 10 and 9 in S53P4 and 13-93 respectively. This strong increase in the pH in all BG samples tested results in a strongly reduced cell viability rate of more than 75% compared to the untreated control and 6-fold reduction in bacterial viability compared to the untreated control. The live/ dead assay also showed an increased cell viability with increasing glass particle size (i. e smallest glass particle < 25% viable cell and largest glass particle> 65% viable cell). The ion release concentration over 50 h showed an increase in sodium ions to 0.25 mol/L, calcium to 0.003 mol/L and a decrease in phosphorus.ConclusionsThese results show that the composition of the bioactive glass and the choice of particle size have a major influence on subsequent applications. In addition to the different compositions of the BG, particle size and additional medium change also influence the pH and ion release, and therefore also on cells or bacteria viability. The sizes of the bioactive glass particle are inversely proportional to it. Further tests are necessary to develop custom design BG compositions, which simultaneously stimulate osteoblasts proliferation and prevent microbial adhesion.
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Benas, Koray, Muhammet Ali Karaaslan, and Özlem Çakal Arslan. "Potential of leek (Allium ampeloprasum) waste for microalgae Chlorella vulgaris cultivation: A preliminary evaluation." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41, no. 4 (2024): 316–20. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.41.4.09.
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Leek is an economical and healthy plant species. It contains rich dietary fibers, amino acids, bioactive compounds that increase its antioxidant capacity and more than 20 different fatty acids. It is rich in potassium, iron and selenium and can be used as a valuable source for microalgae cultivation. For impotance of leek, this study investigated the biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae species with leek leaf waste. To obtain the leek extract to be used for the experiment, leek leaves were dried in an oven at 40 °C and crushed in a mortar and pestle and filtered. Leek leaves were first dissolved with 10 ml DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) to 0.1 g/L and diluted with distilled water to a final volume of 100 ml. Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to leek extract concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 g/L for 72 hours and BG-11 enrichment medium was used in the control group. According to the data obtained, when leek leaves were used in the cultivation of C. vulgaris microalgae, a very high increase of 160% was observed at a concentration of 0.05 g/L compared to BG-11 enrichment medium. However, in the group where leek leaves were used completely, 64% increase was observed compared to the control group. This study proved that C. vulgaris have significant potential for food industries and the biocompost of vegetables is a suitable medium for microalgae cultivation. This study has proven that the use of vegetable wastes is suitable for obtaining a culture with high biomass of C. vulgaris microalgae, which has been used intensively in different areas of the food industry, and that leek wastes in particular provide high biomass growth. Therefore, the lower concentration of leek served as the best medium to increase the growth and biomass of C. vulgaris. This study proves that costs can be reduced and sustainable effective culture techniques can be used in microalgae culture by using vegetable wastes such as leek waste, which provides high biomass growth even at low concentrations.
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Karthick Murugan Palanisamy, Primilla Paramasivam, Gaanty Pragas Maniam, Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim, Rameshprabu Ramaraj, and Natanamurugaraj Govindan. "Palm oil mill effluent as a potential medium for microalgae Chlorella sp. cultivation for lipid production." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 2, no. 2 (2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v2i2.245024.
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Freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. was isolated from the water body of Taman Gelora, Kuantan, Pahang. The isolated monoculture was cultured in different concentration of POME (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, v/v) as substrate. The maximal growth and biomass productivity were found in 30% (v/v) of POME. The maximal dry biomass 1.56 g/L was obtained and extracted 39.1% lipid, approximating similar productivity as in conventional BG-11 medium 1.65 g/L of biomass and 41.5% lipid. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis shows the composition of fatty acids such as linolelaidic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, elaidic acid, and α-linoleic acid dominant. The highest fatty acid is linolelsidic acid (41.69%). POME has the potential to be used as a substrate for microalgae Chlorella sp. cultivation.
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Patiño-Camelo, Karen, Carlos Diaz-Uribe, Euler Gallego-Cartagena, et al. "Cyanobacterial Biomass Pigments as Natural Sensitizer for TiO2 Thin Films." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (August 21, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7184327.
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In this work, we studied the effect of TiO2 sensitization with dry biomass extracted of cyanobacteria on the degradation of methylene blue dye (AM). Cyanobacterial cultures isolated from water samples were collected from the swamp of Malambo in Colombia; two main genera of cyanobacteria were identified, and they were cultivated with BG-11 culture medium. The concentrations of chlorophyll a in the exponential and stationary phases of growth were measured; the phycobilin content was quantified by spectrophotometry. Thin films of TiO2 were deposited by a doctor blade method, and they were sensitized by wet impregnation. Furthermore, a methylene blue (MB) photodegradation process was studied under visible light irradiation on the cyanobacterial biomass sensitized TiO2 material (TiO2/sensitizer); besides, the pseudo-first-order model was used to obtain kinetic information about photocatalytic degradation. The results showed that the BG-11+ treatment reported a higher amount of dry biomass and phycobiliproteins. After the sensitization process, the TiO2/sensitizer thin films showed a significant red shift in the optical activity; besides the thin film roughness decreasing, the TiO2/sensitizer showed photocatalytic activity of 23.2% under visible irradiation, and besides, the kinetic (kap) constant for TiO2/sensitizer thin films was 3.1 times greater than the kap value of TiO2 thin films. Finally, results indicated that cyanobacterial biomass is a suitable source of natural sensitizers to be used in semiconductor sensitization.
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Şentürk, Tuğba. "Effect of different trophic cultures on the amount of total carbohydrate and chlorophyll of Oscillatoria sp." Aquatic Research 7, no. 3 (2024): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/ar24013.
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Cyanobacteria (blue-green microalgae) is a gram-negative prokaryotic autotroph found in natural waters that plays a pivotal role in biochemical cycles. The present investigation proposed to study the potential of using different concentrations of glucose as the carbon substrate to produce microalgal biomass and biochemical components, such as photosynthetic pigments and total carbohydrates (CH) by Oscillatoria sp. The cyanobacteria were collected, and the isolated colony was found to be Oscillatoria sp., and it was grown in BG-11 medium for mass cultivation. Then, the centrifuged biomass was weighed and used to extract bioactive compounds. Oscillatoria sp. cells were cultured in three different tropic cultures (phototrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic) under controlled laboratory conditions with continuous light illumination or unillumination and aeration. Chl–a and total C.H. contents were also evaluated after 120 hrs. The recorded optical density of Oscillatoria was increased from 0.6798 ±0.01 at 660 nm and 0.5847 ±0.01 at 750 nm after 24 hrs to 1.2174±0.002 at 680nm and 1.0243±0.01 at 730nm at the end of 120hrs of the experiment. According to analysis results, the mean amount of Chl-a and Total C.H. of Oscillatoria sp. biomass was determined as 0.5132 µg L-1 and 3.5715 mg mL-1 under the phototrophic culture (absence of glucose), respectively. Under the mixotrophic culture (presence of light), the experimental results showed that the chl-a content was calculated as 0.1770, 0.3380 and 0.7098 µg L-1. In contrast, the total C.H. was calculated as 3.6150, 7.9129 and 11.3191 mg mL-1 in the presence of 2.5, 5 and 10 g L-1 glucose, respectively. Under the heterotrophic culture (absence of light), the results showed that the chl-a content was 0.2366, 0.2456 and 0.2346 µg L-1 while the total C.H. was 4.2969, 8.0990 and 11.5861 mg m L-1 in the presence of 2.5, 5 and 10 g L-1 glucose, respectively. The experimental results showed that the total C.H. content was increased from 3.5715 to 11.58 61 mg mL-1 in the heterotrophic (the absence of light and the presence of 10 g L-1 glucose) BG-11 culture conditions. The chlorophyll-a content was increased from 0.1770 µg L-1 to 0.7098 µg L-1 in the mixotrophic (the presence of glucose and light) BG-11 culture conditions. As a result of the experiment, it was determined that the most suitable culture in terms of total carbohydrate and growth rate was mixotrophic and heterotrophic BG-11 (10 g L-1 glucose) culture condition, and in terms of chl-a was mixotrophic culture (10 g L-1 glucose).
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Meghana, S. J., and Savitha M. Murthy. "Algal blooms -a source of oil for biodiesel." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 20, no. 2 (2022): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v20i2.63587.
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Algal biomass is good source of oils and it can be used for producing biodiesel. The present work is a study of biodiesel production from the algal blooms. Microcystis species was isolated from the blooms and cultured in BG-11 medium. The biodiesel was extracted using alkali catalyzed transesterification method. The trans esterified oil was collected and subjected to GC MS analysis. The FAME profiles showed the presence of unsaturated fatty acids which confirms the presence of biodiesel. The extracted biodiesel was also characterized for the physical properties like fatty acid value, saponification value, iodine value, cetane number, kinematic viscosity, pour point and cloud point. SAARC J. Agric., 20(2): 273-281 (2022)
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Tanniche, Imen, Eva Collakova, Cynthia Denbow, and Ryan S. Senger. "Characterizing metabolic stress-induced phenotypes of Synechocystis PCC6803 with Raman spectroscopy." PeerJ 8 (March 30, 2020): e8535. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8535.
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Background During their long evolution, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 developed a remarkable capacity to acclimate to diverse environmental conditions. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and Raman chemometrics tools (RametrixTM) were employed to investigate the phenotypic changes in response to external stressors and correlate specific Raman bands with their corresponding biomolecules determined with widely used analytical methods. Methods Synechocystis cells were grown in the presence of (i) acetate (7.5–30 mM), (ii) NaCl (50–150 mM) and (iii) limiting levels of MgSO4 (0–62.5 mM) in BG-11 media. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of PCs (DAPC) were performed with the RametrixTM LITE Toolbox for MATLABⓇ. Next, validation of these models was realized via RametrixTM PRO Toolbox where prediction of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for an unknown Raman spectrum was calculated. These analyses were coupled with statistical tests (ANOVA and pairwise comparison) to determine statistically significant changes in the phenotypic responses. Finally, amino acid and fatty acid levels were measured with well-established analytical methods. The obtained data were correlated with previously established Raman bands assigned to these biomolecules. Results Distinguishable clusters representative of phenotypic responses were observed based on the external stimuli (i.e., acetate, NaCl, MgSO4, and controls grown on BG-11 medium) or its concentration when analyzing separately. For all these cases, RametrixTM PRO was able to predict efficiently the corresponding concentration in the culture media for an unknown Raman spectra with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity exceeding random chance. Finally, correlations (R > 0.7) were observed for all amino acids and fatty acids between well-established analytical methods and Raman bands.
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Kim, Eun Jae, Hyunsik Chae, Man Hyung Koo, et al. "Statistical optimization of phytol and polyunsaturated fatty acid production in the Antarctic microalga <italic>Micractinium variabile</italic> KSF0031." Algae 37, no. 2 (2022): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2022.37.4.1.
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Polar microorganisms produce physiologically active substances to adapt to harsh environments, and these substances can be used as biomedical compounds. The green microalga Micractinium variabile KSF0031, which was isolated from Antarctica, produced phytol, a natural antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including omega-3, exhibit antioxidant properties. Here statistical methods (Plackett-Burman design and Box- Behnken design) were used to optimize the culture medium of KSF0031 to improve biomass production, and K2HPO4, MgSO4·7H2O, and ammonium ferric citrate green (AFCg) were selected as significant components of the culture medium. Changes in the concentration of K2HPO4 and MgSO4·7H2O as positive factors and AFCg as a negative factor affected cell growth to a remarkable degree. The biomass production in a 100 L culture using the optimized medium for 24 d at 18°C was improved by 37.5% compared to that obtained using the original BG-11 medium. The quantities of PUFAs and phytol obtained were 13 mg g-1 dry cell weight (DCW) and 10.98 mg g-1 DCW, which represent improved yields of 11.70% and 48.78%, respectively. The results of this study could contribute to an improved production of phytol and fatty acids from Antarctic microalgae in the biomedical industry.
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Prihantini, Nining Betawati, Zahra Dianing Pertiwi, Ratna Yuniati, Wellyzar Sjamsuridzal, and Afiatry Putrika. "The effect of temperature variation on the growth of Leptolyngbya (cyanobacteria) HS-16 and HS-36 to biomass weight in BG-11 medium." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 19 (May 2019): 101105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101105.
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Monga, O., P. Garnier, V. Pot, et al. "Simulating microbial degradation of organic matter in a simple porous system using the 3-D diffusion-based model MOSAIC." Biogeosciences 11, no. 8 (2014): 2201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2201-2014.
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Abstract. This paper deals with the simulation of microbial degradation of organic matter in soil within the pore space at a microscopic scale. Pore space was analysed with micro-computed tomography and described using a sphere network coming from a geometrical modelling algorithm. The biological model was improved regarding previous work in order to include the transformation of dissolved organic compounds and diffusion processes. We tested our model using experimental results of a simple substrate decomposition experiment (fructose) within a simple medium (sand) in the presence of different bacterial strains. Separate incubations were carried out in microcosms using five different bacterial communities at two different water potentials of −10 and −100 cm of water. We calibrated the biological parameters by means of experimental data obtained at high water content, and we tested the model without changing any parameters at low water content. Same as for the experimental data, our simulation results showed that the decrease in water content caused a decrease of mineralization rate. The model was able to simulate the decrease of connectivity between substrate and microorganism due the decrease of water content.
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Eickenscheidt, T., A. Freibauer, J. Heinichen, J. Augustin, and M. Drösler. "Short-term effects of biogas digestate and cattle slurry application on greenhouse gas emissions affected by N availability from grasslands on drained fen peatlands and associated organic soils." Biogeosciences 11, no. 22 (2014): 6187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6187-2014.
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Abstract. A change in German energy policy has resulted in a strong increase in the number of biogas plants in Germany. As a consequence, huge amounts of nutrient-rich residues, the by-products of the fermentative process, are used as organic fertilizers. Drained peatlands are increasingly used to satisfy the huge demand for fermentative substrates (e.g., energy crops, grass silage) and the digestate is returned to the peatlands. However, drained organic soils are considered as hot spots for nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and organic fertilization is additionally known to increase N2O emissions from managed grasslands. Our study addressed the questions (a) to what extent biogas digestate and cattle slurry application increase N2O and methane (CH4) fluxes as well as the mineral nitrogen use efficiency (NUEmin) and grass yield, and (b) how different soil organic matter contents (SOMs) and nitrogen contents promote the production of N2O. In addition NH3 volatilization was determined at one application event to obtain first clues with respect to the effects of soil and fertilizer types. The study was conducted at two sites within a grassland parcel, which differed in their soil organic carbon (SOC) and N contents. At each site (named Corg-medium and Corg-high) three plots were established: one was fertilized five times with biogas digestate, one with cattle slurry, and the third served as control plot. On each plot, fluxes of N2O and CH4 were measured on three replicates over 2 years using the closed chamber method. For NH3 measurements we used the calibrated dynamic chamber method. On an annual basis, the application of biogas digestate significantly enhanced the N2O fluxes compared to the application of cattle slurry and additionally increased the plant N-uptake and NUEmin. Furthermore, N2O fluxes from the Corg-high treatments significantly exceeded N2O fluxes from the Corg-medium treatments. Annual cumulative emissions ranged from 0.91 ± 0.49 to 3.14 ± 0.91 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Significantly different CH4 fluxes between the investigated treatments or the different soil types were not observed. Cumulative annual CH4 exchange rates varied between −0.21 ± 0.19 and −1.06 ± 0.46 kg C ha−1 yr−1. Significantly higher NH3 losses, NUEmin and grass yields from treatments fertilized with biogas digestate compared to those fertilized with cattle slurry were observed. The total NH3 losses following the splash plate application were 18.17 kg N ha−1 for the digestate treatments and 3.48 kg N ha−1 for the slurry treatments (36 and 15% of applied NH4+–N). The observed linear increase of 16 days' cumulative N2O–N exchange or annual N2O emissions, with mean groundwater level and ammonium application rate, reveals the importance of site-adapted N fertilization and the avoidance of N surpluses in Corg-rich grasslands.
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Kobayashi, Naoto. "Improvement of Energy Network by Naturally Farming of Chlorophyll-bearing Algae: Effects of Culture Condition Changes for the Yield of Microalgae." International Journal of Limnology 1, no. 1 (2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2691-3208.ijli-19-2647.
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In this study, basic cultivation experiments were performed on microalgae Desmodesmus sp, then, the experiment results were deductively expanded, and the use of paddy in the off-season for farmers is advocated. As a result of the continuous culture experiments using 100 mL test tubes, 101.3 mg dry biomass was harvested in the aeration culture using the BG-11 medium. In the aeration culture with mixing CO2, the maximum harvest was obtained under the 10%-CO2 concentration. Considering about CO2 concentration, the condition of 1%-CO2 was superior in CO2 use efficiency. Based on the changes in the pH of the medium, algae such as Desmodesmus sp exchanges ions between the inside of the cell and the surrounding environment, and changes the surrounding environment in order to adapt themselves. In the proforma calculation of second crops in paddy fields, 26.4 million tons dry biomass is harvested in 120 days long of culture a year. Considering that the harvested dry biomass amount, 187 × 106 GJ power energy is obtained by burning them. This amount of energy corresponds to about 5.2% of total electricity.
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Yadav, Kushi, Ganesh Chandrakant Nikalje, Dibyajyoti Pramanik, Penna Suprasanna, and Monika Prakash Rai. "Screening of the Most Effective Media for Bioprospecting Three Indigenous Freshwater Microalgae Species." International Journal of Plant Biology 14, no. 3 (2023): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14030044.
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Microalgae are a natural source of lipids, carotenoids, and other value-added compounds. The combination of nutrients and their precise ratio have a significant impact on the productivity of microalgae-mediated compounds. The biomass, lipid, chlorophyll, and carotenoid production of three microalgae species, namely, Monoraphidium sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus obliquus, were investigated by employing standard photoautotrophic media, namely, BG-11, BBM, and HS CHU-10. BBM was found as the most effective medium since it obtained higher biomass, lipids, and carotenoids from microalgae. The lipids and carotenoids were identified using chromatographic and microscopy techniques. The findings showed that although the Monoraphidium sp. biomass productivity was the lowest, it emerged as a substantial producer of astaxanthin, whereas the Chlorella sorokiniana culture could grow in a variety of media and produced β-carotene as a major carotenoid. On the other hand, Scenedesmus obliquus was found to be a considerable source of lipids and β-carotene. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the appropriate medium selection in order to extract an assortment of value-added compounds from freshwater microalgae species.
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Chaitee, Sumaiya Nusrat, Rudra Protap Biswas, and Md Imran Kabir. "Removal of Excessive Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Urban Wastewater Using Local Microalgal Bloom." Journal of Engineering Science 12, no. 3 (2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jes.v12i3.57476.
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The organic content from urban wastewater is treated with various conventional processes efficiently. However, for biological treatment of secondary effluent containing excessive inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, microalgae can be used. In this study, algal strains have been collected from locally available natural blooms and cultured in a BG-11 medium. Spirulina sp., the blue-green algae, dominant over the other species within the natural bloom, is applied in ten different dosages (0.2-2.5 g/L) to the synthetic wastewater with a 3-day hydraulic retention time. The removal efficiency of nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate have been observed to be about 60%, 30%, and 54% respectively. The highest removal efficiency has been found at 2.5 g/L of microalgae dose. Linear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have been used for biosorption modeling, and both isotherms fit well with R2>60% and NRMSE<11% in all cases. Additionally, the separation factor and the adsorption intensity represent the favorability of the biosorption process. Journal of Engineering Science 12(3), 2021, 19-27
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Gat, D., M. Tsesarsky, D. Shamir, and Z. Ronen. "Accelerated microbial-induced CaCO<sub>3</sub> precipitation in a defined coculture of ureolytic and non-ureolytic bacteria." Biogeosciences 11, no. 10 (2014): 2561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2561-2014.
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Abstract. Microbial-induced CaCO3 precipitation (MICP) is an innovative technique that harnesses bacterial activity for the modification of the physical properties of soils. Since stimulation of MICP by urea hydrolysis in natural soils is likely to be affected by interactions between ureolytic and non-ureolytic bacteria, we designed an experiment to examine the interactions between ureolytic and non-ureolytic bacteria and the effect of these interactions on MICP. An artificial groundwater-based rich medium was inoculated with two model species of bacteria, the ureolytic species Sporosarcina pasteurii and the non-ureolytic species Bacillus subtilis. The control treatment was inoculated with a pure culture of S. pasteurii. The following parameters were monitored during the course of the experiment: optical density, pH, the evolution of ammonium, dissolved calcium and dissolved inorganic carbon. The results showed that dissolved calcium was precipitated as CaCO3 faster in the mixed culture than in the control, despite less favorable chemical conditions in the mixed culture, i.e., lower pH and lower CO32− concentration. B. subtilis exhibited a considerably higher growth rate than S. pasteurii, resulting in higher density of bacterial cells in the mixed culture. We suggest that the presence of the non-ureolytic bacterial species, B. subtilis, accelerated the MICP process, via the supply of nucleation sites in the form of non-ureolytic bacterial cells.
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Sharma, Nishu, and Urmila Gupta Phutela. "Analysis of the growth profile, biochemical composition and nutrient removal efficacy of Spirulina sp. NCIM 5143." Environment Conservation Journal 24, no. 4 (2023): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.22712574.
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In the present manuscript, the growth profile of the microalgae Spirulina sp. NCIM 5143 was studied. Screening was performed on four commercial media, i.e., blue‒green-11 (BG-11), Bold’s basal medium (BBM), algal culture medium (ACM), Zarrouk’s medium (ZM), and different concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) of unsterilized dairy effluent (UDE). Characterization of biomass was performed to assess its biochemical composition through various assays. Elemental composition and bioactive compound analysis were accomplished by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‒AES) and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS), respectively. The results revealed that maximum values of most of the parameters, i.e., optical density (0.21), chlorophyll (2.00 mg/l), proteins (119.17 mg/l), and wet (4.06 g/l) and dry biomass weight (0.28 g/l), were found on ZM. For UDE, maximum growth parameters and the highest nutrient removal efficiency were obtained at 100% concentration. Biochemical analysis revealed that total Kjeldahl nitrogen (7.14±0.49%), crude protein (48.23± 3.34%), total antioxidant activity (3.07±0.03 mg AAE/g), and total phenols (8.88±1.93 mg GAE/g) were present in the biomass. Elemental and GC‒MS analysis detected essential micronutrients and many bioactive compounds, respectively. Hence, this study proved that Spirulina sp. NCIM 5143 has the potential for the management of waste dairy effluent. This study also showed its cost-effectiveness, as the dairy effluent analyzed is used without any kind of sterilization. In addition, its biomass is rich in several essential elements, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds of therapeutic and nutraceutical importance.
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Rai, U., G. Deshar, B. Rai, K. Bhattarai, RP Dhakal, and SK Rai. "Isolation and Culture Condition Optimization of Chlorella vulgaris." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 2 (2014): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10414.
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Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck (Beijerinck) is one of the fast growing planktonic microalgae predominantly found in lentic habitats. It was isolated from water samples using BG 11 medium and identified and screened for mixotrophic growth using glucose as carbon source in the medium. The growth of this algae was also studied for autotrophic and mixotrophic regimen. It showed higher growth in a medium of pH 7 containing glucose rather than in autotrophic condition. Similarly, its growth was also studied in media containing different nitrogen sources in which NaNO3 gave the best result. A pilot scale culture of C. vulgaris was performed in 5 l fermenter illuminated with fluorescent tube of 36 W maintaining 16:8 hrs of light and dark period with pH 7, temperature at 25°C, stirrer rate at 75 rpm, air flow rate at 30 L/hr. The specific growth rate was found to be 6.879 cells/ ml/ day whereas doubling time was found to be 2 hrs and 9 mins. The cells were harvested by sedimentation and centrifugation followed by drying at 50°- 80°C. The dried biomass was treated with dichloromethane: methanol (2:1) v/v solution in Soxhlet extractor for 3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10414 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 43-48
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Márquez-Villa, José Martín, Juan Carlos Martínez-Espinosa, and Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Sierra. "Fischerella sp. biomass measurement by using graphite electrodes." Acta Universitaria 28, no. 6 (2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2018.2182.
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For several decades, the electrical admittance has been very useful for the determination of physical quantities, such as the characterization of some electrical properties of interest in organic samples. In this work, an electrical system based on graphite electrodes to determine the amount of living biomass of the cyanobacteria Fischerella sp. is proposed. Cyanobacteria are phototrophic microorganisms with applications on bioremediation, pharmaceutics, medicine, among others. The strain was characterized in BG-11 medium and cultured at different biomass concentrations. Samples were evaluated by electrical admittance and contrasted by the technique of dry weight in order to correlate the results registered by the/a proposal electric circuit. Scanning frequencies from admittance went in an order from 10 Hz to 1 000 000 Hz. Also, they showed a reproducibility, getting deviations of 6.45 × 10-5. This electrical system can be used to evaluate Fischerella sp. living biomass concentrations with high reliability.
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Tzanakis, Nikolaos, Andriana F. Aravantinou, and Ioannis D. Manariotis. "Response and Resilience of Scenedesmus rubescens Microalgae to ZnO Nanoparticles." Water 16, no. 5 (2024): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16050666.
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Microalgae are microorganisms of great importance for aquatic ecosystems. The investigation of their interaction with potential environmental stressors like nanoparticles (NPs) is essential in order to assess their behavior and fate in aquatic ecosystems. The scope of this work is to investigate the response and potential toxic effects of the short-term exposure of Scenedesmus rubescens microalga to zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs with various initial nitrate concentrations in the culture medium. Scenedesmus rubescens was cultivated in four different compositions of modified BG-11 with a nitrate content varying from 0 to 300 mg/L, and it was exposed to four concentrations of ZnO NPs, ranging from 0.081 to 81 mg/L. S. rubescens was found to be resilient towards ZnO NP toxicity. The results also highlight the fact that the toxic effects of ZnO NPs on microalgae are highly dependent on the species tested. The nitrate content of the medium did not affect the toxicity of ZnO NPs but had a significant impact on cell concentration, as it was observed at an initial nitrate concentration of 300 mg/L. Further investigation should focus on studying the morphological and metabolic characteristics and mechanisms contributing to this species’ resilience.
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Pahariya, Richa, Abhishek Chauhan, Anuj Ranjan, et al. "Hematite Nanoparticle Mediated Enhancement of Chlorella minutissima Lipid Productivity for Sustainable Biodiesel Production." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 3 (2024): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2024.12(3).366.378.
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This study aims to enhance lipid and biofuel productivity from Chlorella minutissima with hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (IONPs) as a growth stimulant. The IONPs were synthesized using chemical method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis to confirm their structure and composition. The experimental setup involved inoculating various concentrations of IONPs (10, 20, and 30 mg·L−1) into the microalgal BG-11 growth medium to evaluate their impact on microalgal growth and biodiesel production. Results of this study showed that a concentration of 10 mg·L−1 of IONPs significantly increased the biomass concentration to 508.1 mg·L−1 over a 20-day cultivation period, achieving the highest biomass production rate of 31.7 mg·L−1·d−1 at this concentration. The lipid extracted from the microalgal biomass was subsequently transesterified into biodiesel. Key biodiesel properties, such as cetane number, calorific value, density, and viscosity, were measured to assess fuel quality. The findings demonstrate that incorporating hematite nanoparticles into the microalgal growth medium can significantly boost both lipid content and overall growth, thereby improving biodiesel production. This study suggests that the use of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles presents a promising approach for scalable and sustainable biofuel production from microalgae.
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Silva, Graziella, Keilla Cerqueira, Jacqueline Rodrigues, Karollyna Silva, Diego Coelho, and Roberto Souza. "Cultivation of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris in Open Reactor for Bioethanol Production." Phycology 3, no. 2 (2023): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/phycology3020021.
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Microalgae have a high growth rate, high CO2 absorption capacity, and high content of chlorophyll, proteins, vitamins, mineral salts, carbohydrates, antioxidant substances, and fatty acids. In recent years, Chlorella vulgaris has been widely used as a feedstock for producing third-generation biofuels, such as bioethanol. Thus, this work aims to develop a strategy to increase the production scale of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris grown in distilled reused water, supplemented with a modified BG-11 medium, to use biomass in the production of bioethanol. The total cultivation of 72 L presented a concentration of 0.415 g·L−1·d−1, with 61.32 g of final biomass. To improve carbohydrate extraction, the biomass was pre-treated with sulfuric acid at different concentrations (1.5% and 3% v/v). The hydrolyzed solution was supplemented with YPD (yeast extract peptone dextrose) medium and inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisae yeast, initiating fermentation. In each sample, the Brix degree, cell concentration, reducing sugar concentration, and alcohol content were analyzed. The sample pre-treated with sulfuric acid 1.5% v/v was the one that presented the best result, with alcohol content after distillation of 68 °GL (Gay-Lussac). It appears that the cultivation of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris in scale-up, with reused water, has high potential in the production of third-generation biofuel.
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Thi Oanh, Doan, Duong Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thi Thu Lien, et al. "Isolation and screening producing growth regulator cyanobacteria strains." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 3 (2020): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/18/3/15003.
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Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that have their biosynthesis capacities for secondary compounds with the high application value. They can produce a variety of bioactive compounds such as lipopeptides, fatty acids, toxins, carotenoids, vitamins and plant growth regulators which could be released into the culture medium. The present study aimed to isolate and screen cyanobacteria strains that could synthesize phytohormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from paddy soild and fresh water ecosystems (canals, river). Soil and water samples were collected from diferent provinces (Bac Giang, Thanh Hoa and Hue). Indole-3-acetic acid was extracted from the culture of isolated cyanobacteria strains and identified using the Salkowski method. As a result, total 10 strains belonging to 4 genera including Nostoc, Anabena, Geitlerinema and Planktothricoides were susscessful isolated from river, canal and rice field. The morphology of isolated taxa was characterized and monoalgal cultures were grown in BG 11 medium. In L-tryptophan-enriched growth media, all cyanobacteria strains in this research were able to biosynthesize growth regulators with IAA concentrations ranging from 9.1 to 95 µg/mL. Among the isolated cyanobacteria strains, the Planktothricoides raciborskii showed potential for the production of IAA even in the absence of tryptophan in the culture medium. Research results of the L-tryptophan concentration effect on the ability of IAA biosynthesis of this cyanobacteria strain showed that IAA concentration increased gradually and reached the highest value (118,28 ± 2,00 µg/mL) when supplementing L- tryptophan in culture medium at 900 µg/mL. The capacity of producing IAA makes these isolated cyanobacteria an appopriate cadidate for agricultural biotechnology.
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K.R., Monica Devi, Rubavathi S., and Ayyappadasan G. "Optimization of Physical Parameters of Astaxanthin Production from Haematococcus pluvialis." International Journal of Research and Review 7, no. 6 (2020): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3952065.
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Haematococcus pluvialis, fresh water microalgae has been considered as a possible natural source for the production of astaxanthin and it has been widely studied. The general composition of Haematococcus algae consists of common carotenoids, fatty acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals. Both of the main physical and chemical parameters, especially medium and light, directly control the growth rate of Haematococcus pluvialis Astaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid which is built from five carbon precursors isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate. Astaxanthin has important metabolic functions in animals and humans ranging from protection against oxidation of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, protection against UV light effects, pro vitamin A activity and vision, immune response, pigmentation and communication to reproductive behaviour and improved reproduction. The astaxanthin is the pigment that is considered as the most powerful antioxidants in nature. Due to the high production cost of synthetic astaxanthin and the market demand for natural astaxanthin, the biological sources of astaxanthin have long been widely exploited. To extract more astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, Growth optimization of the microalgae was done by using various medium such as BG-11, Basal, RM, BBM and TAP Medium. This comprehensive study on the determination of the culture medium and the light intensity was carried out to maximize the growth of Haematococcus pluvialis for batch cultivations. optimization was done by using different pH, temperature and light. the chlorophyll and protein content were analysed. And finally the astaxanthin was produced. The protein content of H. Pluvialis was found to be 338.27µg/ml.
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Morowvat, Mohammad H., and Younes Ghasemi. "Effects of Sulfur Starvation on Growth Rates, Biomass and Lipid Contents in the Green Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus." Recent Patents on Biotechnology 14, no. 2 (2020): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872208314666200109103059.
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Background:: Scenedesmus obliquus, a green unicellular chlorophycean microalga, is well-established as a lipid and biomass production platform. The nutrient starvation strategy is considered as a robust platform for lipid production from different microalgal strains. Objective: The study aimed to analyse the influences of sulfur starvation on the growth rates, and also biomass and lipid production and composition in a naturally isolated strain of S. obliquus. Methods: The BG-11 culture medium was utilized for preservation and microalgal growth. To monitor the cell growth rates, two different methods, including direct cell counting and also dry cell weight measurement were used. The study was conducted in 28 days composed of two distinct growth modes as 10 days of sulfur-rich and 18 days of sulfur starved media. Results: The studied S. obliquus strain displayed higher lipid and carbohydrate production levels (34.68% and 34.02%) in sulfur starved medium compared with the sulfur-rich medium (25.84% and 29.08%). Nevertheless, a noticeable reduction (51.36%) in biomass contents and also in cell growth rates (63.36%) was observed during sulfur starvation. The investigated strain was composed of some important fatty acids with potential applications as food, feed and biodiesel. Conclusion: The observed results implied the possibility of the sulfur starvation strategy to increase lipid production in S. obliquus strain. Besides, the available data from recently published patents reveals the promising potential of the identified lipids from S. obliquus in this study for bioenergy production and other biotechnological purposes.
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Qiu, Yu, Zengling Ma, Xiang Liu, Ranran Zheng, Yang Xiao, and Min Wang. "The Detrimental Effect of High Salinity on the Growth and Microcystins Contamination of Microcystis aeruginosa." Water 14, no. 18 (2022): 2871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182871.
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The occurrence of cyanobacterial species, especially toxic ones, poses a great threat to coastal and estuary areas. In this study, the toxigenic Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) FACHB-905 was exposed to BG-11 medium with different salinities (1, 4, 7, 10 and 15 ppt) to investigate the physiological responses of this species in terms of oxidative stress, chl a fluorescence and microcystins (MCs) contamination. The results showed that low salinity (≤7 ppt) favored the electron transfer of photosystem II, which promoted the growth and photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa and induced MCs production. However, increased salinity (≥10 ppt) suppressed the growth and photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa and aggravated the oxidative stress of the strain. Salinity of 15 ppt reduced MCs contamination and caused irreversible damage to the photosynthetic system of M. aeruginosa, leading to the lysis and death of algal cells. These results indicated that changes in salinity exerted important regulations on the growth and MCs contamination of the toxic M. aeruginosa, which may provide a reference for the risk assessment of the harmful cyanobacterial species in the coastal and estuary areas.
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Pineda López Margarita, Olvera Ramírez Roxana, and Y. Medina Jaritz Nora Beatriz. "Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extracts from Lyngbya truncicola and Pseudanabaena sp." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2021): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1011.022.
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One of the consequences of the abuse in the use of antibiotics is the emergence of resistant bacteria, wich causes new drugs to be sought, and thus makes it necessary to seek alternatives sources. There are many natural compounds, obtained from cyanobacteria, that have an inhibitory effect against various pathogenic bacteria. In this group of cyanobacteria are those belonging to the Lyngbya and Pseudanabaena genera; therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts from L. truncicola and Pseudanabaena sp. against reference strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The cyanobacteria were propagated in BG-11 medium with constant aeration and a 12 hour light: dark photoperiod. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer method. The antibacterial effect was observed as growth inhibition halos. All the microorganisms presented suffered inhibition, the greater effect was produced on S. enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The largest halos were obtained with the extract of Lyngbya truncicola.
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Luu, Phuong-Nam, Ngoc-Nam Trinh, Thanh-Cong Nguyen, et al. "Phylogenetic and Morphological Study of Desmodesmus Strains from Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 6 (2025): 829–37. https://doi.org/10.18006/2024.12(6).829.837.
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This study focused on five microalgal strains resembling Desmodesmus isolated from the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of morphological and molecular methods for algal identification and to evaluate the genetic diversity of the relevant taxa. The five isolated and reference strains were cultured axenically in a BG-11 medium. Both microscopy (at magnifications of 40× and 100×) and molecular techniques (using ITS and 18S rRNA markers) were employed for analysis. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicated that five of the ten strains were consistently identified using both approaches. Molecular data prompted a taxonomic reassignment for the three remaining strains, while morphological traits were more decisive for two reference strains. Phylogenetic analyses revealed significant genetic diversity within Desmodesmus, highlighting the ecological adaptability of genetically distinct variants. This study emphasizes the reliability of molecular tools in algal taxonomy, particularly for differentiating between Desmodesmus and Scenedesmus-like taxa. It contributes to understanding microalgal genetic diversity in the Can Gio Biosphere Reserve and provides a foundation for future ecological and biotechnological applications.