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1

Strand, Ellinor. "Desinformation, datarättigheter och demokrati : En studie om hur Cambridge Analytica missbrukade microtargeting-taktiker i politiskt syfte genom att propagera desinformation för att påverka demokratiska val." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-408716.

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In modern societies media have a central role as it is through the media that citizens in particular have access to information about their society. Information about society is crucial for citizens to be able to make thoughtful decisions in a democratic spirit. Political campaigns have started using personally targeted online advertising to reach new voters. This phenomenon is called “microtargeting” and the purpose is to identify individual voters that the parties are most likely to convince. Cambridge Analyticas operations, which are largely based on microtargeting, challenge democratic principles. This study purpose is divided in two parts. First is to map out and explain Cambridge Analyticas operations by analyzing from a democratic perspective. Second is to compile and systematize the proposed measures on democracy problems that are brought up in the debate about Cambridge Analytica. Idea analysis is the method of this paper, and it is of both descriptive and explanatory nature. It appears that Cambridge Analytica operations mainly undermines citizens' right to enlightened understanding and a free and factual debate. This undermines democratic principles in several ways. Furthermore, the studies show that the debate orbits around antitrust laws, how the legislation should formulate on how internet companies should handle personal information and what is the Internet companies own obligation in question. A smaller part of the debate also highlights the citizens' own capacity to be vigilant and critical of the Internet.
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Ginese, Fabrizio. "antitrust e big tech oltre le sanzioni per un nuovo equilibrio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23556/.

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3

Klasson, Sebastian, and Nina Lindström. "Longitudinal analysis of the certificate chains of big tech company domains." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178396.

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The internet is one of the most widely used mediums for communication in modern society and it has become an everyday necessity for many. It is therefore of utmost importance that it remains as secure as possible. SSL and TLS are the backbones of internet security and an integral part of these technologies are the certificates used. Certificate authorities (CAs) can issue certificates that validate that domains are who they claim to be. If a user trusts a CA they can in turn also trust domains that have been validated by them. CAs can in turn trust other CAs and this, in turn, creates a chain of trust called a certificate chain. In this thesis, the structure of these certificate chains is analysed and a longitudinal dataset is created. The analysis looks at how the certificate chains have changed over time and puts extra focus on the domains of big tech companies. The dataset created can also be used for further analysis in the future and will be a useful tool in the examination of historical certificate chains. Our findings show that the certificate chains of the domains studied do change over time; both their structure and the lengths of them vary noticeably. Most of the observed domains show a decrease in average chain length between the years of 2013 and 2020 and the structure of the chains vary significantly over the years.
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Näsman, Viktor, and Jacob Holmberg. "On my laptop there’s a big sticker which says ”what did you learn today?” : En intervjustudie med programmerare om motivationen bakom att driva sin egen kompetensutveckling." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300173.

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5

FERRARI, GIULIA. "Big Tech strategies across markets: the role of self-preferencing in Digital Antitrust." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11565/4039514.

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No abstract available<br>The ongoing debate about antitrust law and digital economy has led antitrust authorities, commentators and scholars of all around the world to ask themselves the same questions, namely should the objectives, rules and tools of antitrust law be modified to deal with digital economy? The present work makes no exemption, and that question drove the research activity that led to this thesis. In particular, after reaffirming the centrality of consumer welfare for antitrust law and analysis, the present thesis analyses if, and at what conditions, self-preferencing as a new theory of harm could represent a new tool at the disposal of antitrust enforcers to effectively tackle the specific features of competitive dynamics in digital markets. With this aim, the thesis first provides an overview of some of the main features which characterize digital markets, including zero marginal costs, network and lock-in effects, market concentration and tipping as well as of the entities operating on such markets, i.e. multi-sided platforms, often identified also as ecosystems or conglomerates, and even gatekeepers, whose peculiar business model is that of “network orchestrators”. All such features outline fluid and interdependent markets whose boundaries are subject to drastic changes, and competitive dynamics often taking place across markets, in a constant “race” towards new products and services. They also allow to identify envelopment – i.e. the strategy whereby a dominant platform (the enveloper) operating in a multi-sided market (the origin market) enters a second multi-sided market (the target market) by leveraging shared user relationships, common components and data it disposes – as a key factor of competition in digital markets. Dominant digital firms have incentives to extend their dominant position in other markets, often leveraging on the dominant position they already hold in their core market. It is through such strategy – which can either take the form of bundling or self-preferencing – that dominant firms are able to negatively affect competition on the target market given their unique position to curve the origin platform’s rules to provide a better outcome for its own products or services. Il light of these premises, the work argues that specific attention should be paid to those concepts and categories in the antitrust analysis that by their very nature are designed to “capture” leveraging strategies between (or across) two or more markets. In particular, as self-preferencing (other than being one of the forms in which envelopment can take place) has emerged as a potential new theory of harm and form of abuse of a dominant position on digital markets following the Commission’s decision on the Google Shopping case, the thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the facts of the case, the approach taken by the Commission and of the many scholarly criticisms and comments directed through that decision, as well as self-preferencing as a legal category of abuse. Building on such analysis, an attempt is made to provide a narrow definition of self-preferencing and to better articulate on the legal test that such type of conducts is subject to, while stressing the reasons why the detachment from the case law on refusal to deal (and mainly the indispensability requirement) should not be regarded as problematic. Those theoretical considerations are then tested though the analysis of two ongoing cases before the Italian Competition Authority, respectively, against Amazon and Google. The thesis concludes that self-preferencing represents a new tool which allows to “adjust” traditional rules and concepts of antitrust law and analysis so as to affectively address the new dynamics posed by the digital economy and the anticompetitive effects stemming from envelopment strategies, while strongly relying on established competition rules and principles.
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6

Tesch, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Antirenale T-Zell Autoreaktivität bei humaner Lupusnephritis / Sebastian Tesch." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241541434/34.

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7

Gorza, Margherita <1996&gt. "Il settore tecnologico e la divulgazione non finanziaria negli Stati Uniti: il caso delle Big Tech." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20386.

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Il settore tecnologico si è espanso enormemente negli ultimi decenni. Gli Stati Uniti sono il più grande mercato tecnologico del mondo con il valore totale di 1,6 trilioni di dollari per il 2021. Negli ultimi anni si sono registrati diversi scandali che hanno posto aziende del settore tecnologico nel mirino dell'opinione pubblica e hanno fatto emergere critiche in merito ad abusi di posizione dominante, violazione della privacy, impatto ambientale e violazione del diritto dei lavoratori. Tutto ciò, conduce alla necessità di indagare gli impatti sociali e ambientali dell’industria tecnologica al fine di capire se le più grandi aziende tecnologiche si stiano impegnando nella transazione verso un’industria sostenibile o se siano solo tendenti a tecniche di greenwashing. La rendicontazione non finanziaria è lo strumento principale di testimonianza della condotta delle aziende. Se essa debba essere mantenuta volontaria, lasciando libero arbitrio alle aziende in merito a cosa, quando e come divulgare le informazioni non finanziarie, o reso obbligatorio per favorire la standardizzazione, la comparabilità, l'accessibilità e la completezza, è una questione storicamente e attualmente molto dibattuta. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è l'analisi dei report di sostenibilità degli ultimi anni per le aziende del settore IT negli Stati Uniti al fine di capire se esse possano effettivamente essere considerata sostenibili o se, invece, adotti esclusivamente degli stratagemmi volti a camuffare le proprie reali tendenze.
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Tesch, Gregor [Verfasser]. "Kühlluftführungs- und Lüfterkonzepte am PKW bei typischen Bauraumbeschränkungen / Gregor Tesch." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018982981/34.

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9

Minia, Michele <1992&gt. "Big Tech: analisi di impatto sull'indice S&P 500 e regolamentazione europea relativa ai servizi di pagamento." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18264.

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In questo elaborato si tratterà dapprima dell’impatto complessivo che le nuove tecnologie hanno avuto sul sistema finanziario, dei nuovi players, e delle innovazioni relative ai principali servizi offerti. Ci si focalizzerà inizialmente sul Fintech e successivamente sul fenomeno Big Tech, tema principale della tesi. Verranno esaminati gli effetti dell’ingresso di questi Big players nel mercato dei servizi finanziari, le possibile strategie e l’impatto di tale fenomeno sul sistema finanziario stesso. In seguito, verrà descritta l’analisi svolta in merito all’impatto delle stesse sull’indice statunitense S&P 500, effettuata mediante la comparazione di due differenti portafogli e l’indice stesso. Al fine di evidenziare gli effetti delle GAFAM sullo S&P 500, nel primo portafoglio sono state inserite le sole Big Tech e nel secondo tutte le società dell’indice ad esclusione dei colossi del tech. Per completare l’analisi si è ritenuto necessario analizzare anche il profilo giuridico, ossia la risposta a tale fenomeno da parte dei regolatori. Nello specifico verranno analizzate le principali normative relative al contesto europeo, ossia la GDPR, la PSD e la PSD2. In particolare, ci si soffermerà sulla Payement service directive 2 in quanto con tale direttiva il legislatore europeo ha aperto definitivamente le porte ai cosiddetti operatori terzi, solitamente estranei al mercato dei servizi finanziari, come le Big Tech. Si esamineranno le principali novità inserite nella direttiva UE, gli aspetti positivi e i potenziali rischi insiti in essa.
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Kohlberger, Isabelle Cathérine [Verfasser], and Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Häcker. "Vergleich von (1→3)-beta-D-Glucan, Mannan-Antigen, anti-Mannan-Antikörpern und Cand-Tec Candida-Antigen als Serumbiomarker bei Candidämie." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120020956/34.

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11

Hartmann, Daniela Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinmüller, and Felicitas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Tesch. "Die Förderung der Aneignung der akademischen Wissenschaftssprache DaF bei internationalen Studierenden mittels einer Online-Lernplattform : eine Bedarfsanalyse [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Daniela Hartmann. Gutachter: Ulrich Steinmüller ; Felicitas Tesch." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066161712/34.

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12

Hartmann, Daniela [Verfasser], Ulrich Akademischer Betreuer] Steinmüller, and Felicitas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Tesch. "Die Förderung der Aneignung der akademischen Wissenschaftssprache DaF bei internationalen Studierenden mittels einer Online-Lernplattform : eine Bedarfsanalyse [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Daniela Hartmann. Gutachter: Ulrich Steinmüller ; Felicitas Tesch." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066161712/34.

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13

Tiedemann, Astrid [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Mössner, Niels [Akademischer Betreuer] Teich, Christoph [Gutachter] Baerwald, and Stephan [Gutachter] Schubert. "Wahrnehmung empfohlener Schutzimpfungen bei Patienten mit Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa : Ergebnisse eines regionalen Versorgungsforschungsprojektes / Astrid Tiedemann ; Gutachter: Christoph Baerwald, Stephan Schubert ; Joachim Mössner, Niels Teich." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1238150977/34.

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14

Paulsen, Carola [Verfasser]. "Morbidität bei 80 akzidentell seit 1949 chronisch strahlenexponierten Anwohnern des Techa-River (Südural) : Pilotstudie zur Entwicklung der Grundlage für die Erforschung von nicht-neoplastischen Wirkungen infolge chronischer Strahlenexposition / Carola Paulsen." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2001. http://d-nb.info/1015324975/34.

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15

Höwler, Elisabeth [Verfasser]. "Entstehung von herausforderndem Verhalten bei Menschen mit den Formen Multi-Infarkt-Demenz und seniler Demenz vom Alzheimer Typ in der Langzeitversorgung auf biografischer Ebene / Elisabeth Höwler. Techn. Univ. Berlin, Institut für Psychologie und Arbeitswissenschaft." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek Technische Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1010641611/34.

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16

Fernandes, Gonçalves Carlos Manuel Ribeiro Lopes. "As Big tech como players do Sistema Financeiro." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/34109.

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Na presente dissertação pretendemos realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as Big Tech, dando ênfase especial ao seu potencial papel como agente financeiro da comunidade digital. Empresas de base tecnológicas como Alibaba, Amazon, Facebook, Google e Tencent, surgiram e evoluíram de modo exponencial nas últimas duas décadas. Os seus modelos de negócios destas empresas, também conhecidas como “big tech” baseiam-se na oferta de interconetividade entre um grande número de utilizadores, negócios e geografias. Como sucedâneo relevante da sua atividade é o grande volume de dados dos utilizadores dos seus serviços. Isto deve-se a um contexto de elevadas capacidades de processamento e de armazenagem de software que tende a oferecer gamas de serviços relacionais que provocam efeitos trabalho em rede promovendo ciclos virtuosos. A entrada de grandes empresas de base tecnologia ("big techs”) em serviços financeiros sugerem ganhos de eficiência, eficácia, inclusão financeira, e, naturalmente, inclusão social. Contudo os reguladores necessitam de garantir um conjunto de pressupostos que ofereçam iguais oportunidades de responsabilidades entre grandes tecnologias e bancos incumbentes, levando em conta a ampla base de clientes das grandes tecnologias, o acesso a dados, e consequente garantia de confidencialidade e de concorrência a diferentes modelos emergentes de negócios. A entrada das grandes tecnologias apresenta novas e complexas trocas entre estabilidade financeira, concorrência e proteção de dados.
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Neves, Henrique Salgado. "Novos Desafios ao Direito da Concorrência: Big Tech e Algorithmic Pricing." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98843.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito<br>As recentes evoluções tecnológicas que se têm vindo a observar, permitiram uma acentuada evolução em vários setores fundamentais ao funcionamento da sociedade bem como melhorias na nossa qualidade de vida. Não obstante, tal evolução pode também causar vários problemas e revelar novos desafios. Como é lógico, o Direito não é impérvio a esta evolução e consequentemente, também deve o Direito da Concorrência adaptar-se a estas novas realidades. Dito isto, é precisamente este o foco da nossa dissertação: os novos desafios criados pela tecnologia ao Direito da Concorrência, mais concretamente, novos desafios criados por fenómenos como Algorithmic Pricing ou por empresas responsáveis por criação de novas tecnologias da informação, nomeadamente, a Big Tech. Pretende então esta dissertação dar resposta a estes problemas através do recurso à legislação europeia da concorrência, dando resposta a situações como o crescente aumento dimensional do Facebook e consequentemente do seu poder de mercado através de aquisições de empresas rivais, bem como a potenciais situações de abuso de posição dominante conectadas com este aumento de poder de mercado. Pretende também esta dissertação analisar vários casos de Algorithmic Pricing, procurando respostas para casos de colusão expressa (onde se analisará o impacto da implementação de algoritmos para facilitar a implementação de acordos ilegais) e tácita (caso em que será analisada a legalidade desta prática auxiliada também pela implementação de algoritmos), auxiliados por este fenómeno, não esquecendo a consideração de Personalised Pricing como potencial caso de abuso de posição dominante.<br>The recent observable evolution of technology has allowed for a steep evolution of various sectors fundamental to the good functioning of our society as well as providing us with significant life quality improvements. Despite that, such an evolution can also cause several problems and pose new challenges. Logically, the Law is not impervious to this evolution and consequentially, neither is Competition Law, which must adapt to these new realities. With that said, this is precisely the main focus of this dissertation: the new challenges to Competition Law created by technology, more precisely, new challenges created by phenomena like Algorithmic Pricing or by companies responsible for the creation of new information technologies, namely, Big Tech. It’s then this dissertation’s aim to give answers to these problems with recourse to European legislation, providing solutions to situations like the dimensional increase of Facebook and consequentially its market power through the acquisition of rival companies as well as potential abuse of dominant position situations which are connected precisely to this increase in market power. This dissertation also aims at analysing some cases of Algorithmic Pricing while trying to offer solutions to cases of express collusion (wherein the impact of implementing algorithms in order to facilitate the implementation of illegal agreements shall be analysed) and tacit collusion (in which the legality of this practice also aided by the implementation of algorithms will be analysed) aided by this phenomenon, not to forget the examination of Personalised Pricing as a potential abuse of dominant position.
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Silva, Paula Guedes Fernandes da. "Novas tecnologias, Big Tech e potenciais violações de Direitos Humanos : o caso dos sistemas de recomendação." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35771.

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Os sistemas de recomendação são ferramentas de inteligência artificial de filtragem de informações que buscam melhorar a experiência individual online ao indicar itens personalizados de acordo com as preferências, comportamentos e interesses extraídos dos dados dos usuários. Apesar de potencialmente benéfica, a atual forma de funcionamento cria riscos aos direitos humanos. Amparado em análise de doutrina jurídica internacional, busca-se possíveis soluções e estratégias de mitigação dos efeitos maléficos causados pelos sistemas de recomendação, principalmente em termos de violações de privacidade, diminuição da autonomia, manipulação, enfraquecimento de processos democráticos e discriminação. Nesse ambiente complexo, além da regulação jurídica em termos de proteção de dados, uma abordagem multidisciplinar e multisetorial, com base em princípios éticos, medidas educacionais, soluções tecnológicas e estratégias mercadológicas, que colocam o ser humano no centro da questão, parece ser ideal para minimizar os riscos e potencializar os benefícios da utilização desses sistemas.<br>Recommender systems are artificial intelligence tools for filtering information that seek to improve the individual online experience by recommending personalized items, based on preferences, behaviours and interests extracted from user’s data. Although potentially beneficial, the current implementation of these systems creates risks to human rights. Supported by an analysis of international legal doctrine, this work intends to seek possible solutions and strategies to mitigate the harmful effects caused by recommendation systems, mainly in terms of privacy violations, decreased autonomy, manipulation, impairment of democratic processes and discrimination. In this complex environment, in addition to legal regulation in terms of data protection, a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach, based on ethical principles, educational measures, technological solutions and marketing strategies, which place the human being at the centre of the issue, seems to be ideal for minimize risks and enhance the benefits of using these systems.
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Han, Ya-Tung, and 韓亞彤. "An Empirical Study of Optimizing Chiller Operations and Electricity-Saving via Big Data Analytics for High-Tech Industries." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/629mqh.

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20

Teich-Belohradsky, Juliane [Verfasser]. "Selektive Koronarangiographie und Echokardiographie in der Verlaufskontrolle nach Arterieller Switch-Operation bei d-Transposition der großen Arterien / von Juliane Teich-Belohradsky." 2006. http://d-nb.info/981848087/34.

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21

Luo, Chia-Ching, and 羅家慶. "A study of Sun-Tzu Art of War on decision making process and development of start-ups corporation between pre and post establishment and follow up a case study : BIG SUN Energy Tech., Inc." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99339892175313712765.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>高階主管管理碩士學程<br>99<br>Entrepreneurship is a important behavior for driving economic development. Recently, financial meltdown not only increases domestic unemployment, but also brings about the entrepreneurial desire. The researchers indicated that the entrepreneurial behavior not only for bring economic activities, but also creative potential hirer, increasing employment opportunity, decreasing unemployment rate. It will make some contribution to economic development. If someone were engaged in entrepreneurial behavior, not all can be successful; because which maybe ignore some key factors that it will cause the failure. In our research which combine the modern management theory and famous ancient strategy in our business today; an ancient famous book called “Sun Zi Bing fa (The Art of War)” and a modern Harvard Management master Michael E. Porter’s Five forces analysis. My thesis is close to reality’s point of view, by using ancient Chinese strategy as principal and applies modern Western theory to reach and create an ideal company’s ruling. The case study is a company named “Big Sun Energy Technology Inc.,” a professional solar cell manufacturer. Starting with only 3 employees and the capital of 109 million TWD, within 4 years, now it has more than 400 employees and the net value of 2.6 billion TWD, as well as the turnover of 4.15 billion TWD and EPS 2.31 in 2010. The turnover of this company will keep growing in 2011. Currently it is a listed company in the Emerging Stock Market. This classical case will explain how to succeed with the right time, right place.
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Lee, Luann Christensen. "Under one big sky : elementary pre-service teachers use inquiry to learn about the moon, construct knowledge, and teach elementary students around the world via the Internet." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1639719.

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This study examined the content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) constructed by a group of 24 pre-service elementary teacher participants as they learned about the moon’s phases, inquiry learning, and use of the Internet message boards as a teaching tool as a part of their science teaching methods course. The MOON Project (More Observations On Nature), an exploration of inquiry teaching via e-learning, matched the pre-service elementary teacher participants with schoolchildren in grades 4-8 around the world. Upon completion of a 4-week moon observation phase, the participants led the schoolchildren in a discussion of their observations via Blackboard™. This mixed methods study followed a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design. The participants’ content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and perceptions about their knowledge were documented using questionnaires, essays, and tests as they entered this experience and again as they exited. Qualitative and quantitative methods and analysis established that the increase in pre-service teachers’ content and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) as well as their perceptions of the knowledge gained was statistically significant at the conclusion of the project. However, they took away understandings of why the moon changes shape that were basic at best and fraught with a statistically significant increase in misconceptions. None of the instruments supported the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of increased PCK. The pre-service teachers had mixed perceptions about teaching over the Internet, mostly due to the degree to which their elementary student groups responded with focus to questions and discussions or, in some cases, participated at all. The findings and recommendations speak to teacher educators about the methodology used in teacher education programs.<br>Department of Biology
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Klöpper, Friederike. "Die Rolle des FK506 bei der Expression des BMP-Rezeptors BMPR1A." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E05-5.

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