Journal articles: 'BGP (Computer network protocol)'

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Musril, Hari Antoni. "SIMULASI INTERKONEKSI ANTARA AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM (AS) MENGGUNAKAN BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL (BGP)." InfoTekJar (Jurnal Nasional Informatika dan Teknologi Jaringan) 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/infotekjar.v2i1.151.

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An autonomous system (AS) is the collection of networks having the same set of routing policies. Each AS has administrative control to its own inter-domain routing policy. Computer networks consisting of a bunch of AS's with different routing will not be able to interconnecttion one another. This is causes communication in the network to be inhibited. For that we need a protocol that can connect each different AS. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an inter-domain routing protocol i.e. between different AS that is used to exchange routing information between them. In a typical inter-network (and in the Internet) each autonomous system designates one or more routers that run BGP software. BGP routers in each AS are linked to those in one or more other AS. The ability to exchange table routing information between Autonomous System (AS) is one of the advantages BGP. BGP implements routing policies based a set of attributes accompanying each route used to pick the “shortest” path across multiple ASs, along with one or more routing policies. BGP uses an algorithm which cannot be classified as a pure "Distance Vector", or pure "Link State". It is a path vector routing protocol as it defines a route as a collection of a number of AS that is passes through from source AS to destination AS. This paper discusses the implementation of the BGP routing protocol in the network that have different AS in order to interconnect. Its application using Packet Tracer 7.0 software for prototyping and simulating network. So that later can be applied to the actual network. Based on experiments that have been carried out, the BGP routing protocol can connect two routers that have different autonomous system.

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Alotaibi, Hamad Saud, Mark A. Gregory, and Shuo Li. "Multidomain SDN-Based Gateways and Border Gateway Protocol." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2022 (May 12, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3955800.

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The Internet consists of distributed and interconnected autonomous systems (ASs). The flexibility afforded by the Internet architecture ensures that timely changes to the network topology can occur without centralized control. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an Internet protocol that routes the Internet traffic and exchanges the information between AS. However, BGP version 4 (BGP-4) currently suffers from a limitation called “high convergence delay” while doing routing updates, which is a very common limitation, damaging the performance of contemporary IP networks. Software-defined networking (SDN) was conceived at the beginning of the 21st century, and over the intervening years, it has gained traction. This technology has significantly enhanced traffic control, management, and monitoring, particularly in data centres and enterprise networks. Challenges have been found including how to provide administrative control, security, management, and monitoring at domain boundaries while introducing the SDN paradigm. In multidomain SDN, BGP-4 is used to exchange the information and route the traffic between domains or diverse AS. In this review, an investigation is provided on using the SDN paradigm to enhance multidomain traffic management and control and to optimize BGP operation. A detailed insight is provided into the penetration of the SDN paradigm into modern networking architectures and how it may help in facilitating future research to improve BGP-4.

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Pratama, I. Putu Agus Eka. "Design and Implementation of SDN IP Based on Open Network Operating System and Border Gateway Protocol." Bulletin of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/bcsee.v2i2.1145.

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The development of computer network technology in the form of Software Defined Networking (SDN), provides many facilities for users to be able to develop network control applications, which can separate the data plane function from the control plane. The existence of this separation on routers and switches makes it easy for developers to centrally develop software and devices according to what is needed by users. However, there were obstacles to implementing SDN on IP networks in a short time. For this reason, it is necessary to implement SDN in stages by adding SDN to the existing IP network in the form of SDN IP, so that SDN can be connected and exchange routing information autonomously. This study focuses on the design and implementation of SDN IP using the Open Network Operating System (ONOS) on the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The results show that the design and implementation of SDN IP based on ONOS and BGP can be done well, where SDN can connect and exchange routing information with the Autonomous System (AS) native BGP-based network. Key word(s): Autonomous System (AS) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Open Network Operating System (ONOS) Software-Defined Networking (SDN) SDN IP

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Shukla, Shipra, and Mahesh Kumar. "Optimized MRAI Timers for Border Gateway Protocol in Large Networks." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2019100103.

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The global routing performance is essential for the services provided by the internet applications on the Internet. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the extensively used routing protocol for the autonomous systems which constructs the internet. The reduction in convergence time is a crucial challenge for BGP. The past studies confirm that the Minimum Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) decreases the convergence time. However, most of the approaches are focused on finding the optimum MRAI value. The techniques to implement the MRAI timers are less addressed by the researcher in compare to finding the optimum MRAI value. The implementation of reusable MRAI timers for large networks is critical at different load conditions. Therefore, this article presents the novel approach Optimized MRAI timer in a large network which reduces the convergence time. The proposed approach reduces the end-to-end delay, the number of exchanged updates message, and convergence time of BGP events and enhances the number of delivered packets in compare to related techniques.

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Zhao, Jinjing, and Yan Wen. "Evaluation on the influence of internet prefix hijacking events." Computer Science and Information Systems 10, no. 2 (2013): 611–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis121108023z.

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The inter-domain routing system based on the BGP protocol is a kernel establishment in the Internet. There have been many incidents of IP prefix hijacking by BGP protocol in the Internet. Attacks may hijack victim's address space to disrupt network services or perpetrate malicious activities such as spamming and DoS attacks without disclosing identity. The relation between prefix hijacking and the Internet hierarchy is presented in this paper. The Internet is classified into three tiers based on the power-law and commercial relations of autonomous systems. The relation between network topology and prefix hijacking influence is presented for all sorts of hijacking events in different layers. The results assert that the hierarchical nature of network influences the prefix hijacking greatly.

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Azhari, Muhammad Ikhsan, Tengku Mohd Diansyah, and Ari Usman. "PERBANDINGAN ROUTING PROTOCOL EXTERIOR BGP VERSI 4 DENGAN ROUTING INTERIOR EIGRP PADA ALGORITMA LINKSTATE MENGGUNAKAN PARAMETER PACKET LOSS." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.36294/jurti.v3i2.1071.

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Abstract - Computer networks very influential on the speed of transferring data from one computer to another computer by using a PC or server, in this case, the routing configuration is very influential. The best routing route selection is the solution to determine the most rapid and efficient routing, and as the best routing consideration, the researcher has examined two routings, namely BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) routing and EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) using the Cisco Paket Traccer application. After the researcher was done an experiment, the researcher gets the result of the average EIGRP delay that is 54.619 and the packet loss result between EIGRP and BGP is not available (successful packet delivery). Keywords - BGP Routing Protocol Exterior, EIGRP Interior Routing, Algorithm Link state, Packet loss Abstrak - Jaringan komputer sangat berpengaruh pada kecepatan transfer data antar satu komputer ke komputer lain baik itu pc maupun server, dalam hal ini konfigurasi routing sangat berpengaruh. Pemilihan jalur routing terbaik merupakan solusi untuk menentukan routing yang paling cepat dan efisien, dan sebagai bahan pertimbangan routing terbaik penulis meneliti dua routing yakni routing BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) dan routing EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) mengguanakan aplikasi Cisco Packet Traccer. Setelah dilakukannya percobaan yang penulis perbuat, maka didapatkan hasil dari rata-rata delay EIGRP yaitu 54,619 dan hasil dari packetloss antara EIGRP dan BGP tidak ada (pengiriman paket sukses). Kata Kunci - Routing Protocol Exterior BGP, Routing Interior EIGRP, Algoritma Link state, Packet loss.

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Tsai, Pang-Wei, Aris Cahyadi Risdianto, Meng Hui Choi, Satis Kumar Permal, and Teck Chaw Ling. "SD-BROV: An Enhanced BGP Hijacking Protection with Route Validation in Software-Defined eXchange." Future Internet 13, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13070171.

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In global networks, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is widely used in exchanging routing information. While the original design of BGP did not focus on security protection against deliberate or accidental errors regarding to routing disruption, one of fundamental vulnerabilities in BGP is a lack of insurance in validating authority for announcing network layer reachability. Therefore, a distributed repository system known as Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) has been utilized to mitigate this issue. However, such a validation requires further deployment steps for Autonomous System (AS), and it might cause performance and compatibility problems in legacy network infrastructure. Nevertheless, with recent advancements in network innovation, some traditional networks are planning to be restructured with Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technology for gaining more benefits. By using SDN, Internet eXchange Point (IXP) is able to enhance its capability of management by applying softwarized control methods, acting as a Software-Defined eXchange (SDX) center to handle numerous advertisement adaptively. To use the SDN method to strengthen routing security of IXP, this paper proposed an alternative SDX development, SD-BROV, an SDX-based BGP Route Origin Validation mechanism that establishes a flexible route exchange scenario with RPKI validation. The validating application built in the SDN controller is capable of investigating received routing information. It aims to support hybrid SDN environments and help non-SDN BGP neighbors to get trusted routes and drop suspicious ones in transition. To verify proposed idea with emulated environment, the proof-of-concept development is deployed on an SDN testbed running over Research and Education Networks (RENs). During BGP hijacking experiment, the results show that developed SD-BROV is able to detect and stop legitimate traffic to be redirected by attacker, making approach to secure traffic forwarding on BGP routers.

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Chan, Haowen, Debabrata Dash, Adrian Perrig, and Hui Zhang. "Modeling adoptability of secure BGP protocol." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 36, no. 4 (August 11, 2006): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1151659.1159946.

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Berzin, Oleg. "Mobility label based network: Mobility support in label switched networks with multi-protocol BGP." Computer Networks 52, no. 9 (June 2008): 1732–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2008.03.001.

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Alberro, Leonardo, Felipe Velázquez, Sara Azpiroz, Eduardo Grampin, and Matías Richart. "Experimenting with Routing Protocols in the Data Center: An ns-3 Simulation Approach." Future Internet 14, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14100292.

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Massive scale data centers (MSDC) have become a key component of current content-centric Internet architecture. With scales of up to hundreds of thousands servers, conveying traffic inside these infrastructures requires much greater connectivity resources than traditional broadband Internet transit networks. MSDCs use Fat-Tree type topologies, which ensure multipath connectivity and constant bisection bandwidth between servers. To properly use the potential advantages of these topologies, specific routing protocols are needed, with multipath support and low control messaging load. These infrastructures are enormously expensive, and therefore it is not possible to use them to experiment with new protocols; that is why scalable and realistic emulation/simulation environments are needed. Based on previous experiences, in this paper we present extensions to the ns-3 network simulator that allow executing the Free Range Routing (FRR) protocol suite, which support some of the specific MSDC routing protocols. Focused on the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), we run a comprehensive set of control plane experiments over Fat-Tree topologies, achieving competitive scalability running on a single-host environment, which demonstrates that the modified ns-3 simulator can be effectively used for experimenting in the MSDC. Moreover, the validation was complemented with a theoretical analysis of BGP behavior over selected scenarios. The whole project is available to the community and fully reproducible.

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Kong, Lingjing, and Hong Shen. "Achieving inter-domain routing security based on distributed translator trust model." Computer Science and Information Systems 12, no. 4 (2015): 1327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis140910057k.

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To resolve the difficulties in deployment of the classic security solution S-BGP (Secure Border Gateway Protocol), the Translator Trust Model (TTM) for a new solution SE-BGP (Security Enhanced BGP) was proposed to transform the centralized deployment mode of S-BGP to distributed mode. However, the trust (attestations of routing information) translation of TTM only depends on a single hub node and this results in severe threats for the inter-domain routing system. To overcome the deficiencies of TTM, in this paper we improve TTM to Distributed TTM (DTTM) by expanding the single hub node to a set of selected multiple hub nodes; in our DTTM, the task of attestations is distributed over multiple hub nodes instead of on a single hub node. In order to make the hub nodes respond to the case of single node failures, we design a restoration mechanism to recover the network based on the neighbour-ring structure. Besides, we develop Cooperative Secure BGP (CSBGP) to realize DTTM in BGP. In comparison with SE-BGP, our experimental results show that CS-BGP achieves an improved scalability, reduced convergence time and enhanced security.

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Ekici, Eylem, and Chao Chen. "BGP-S: A Protocol for Terrestrial and Satellite Network Integration in Network Layer." Wireless Networks 10, no. 5 (September 2004): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:wine.0000036461.83662.f4.

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Wijonarko, Bambang, Andi Taufik, and Irwan Pratama Aprilianto. "Implementasi Atribut Local Preference di Protokol BGP Untuk Optimalisasi Jaringan Backbone." Jurnal Teknik Komputer 5, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/jtk.v5i1.4792.

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In terms of Nework, Network Quality determine by some factor and one of the factor is come from a Backbone Network, when traffic data exchange is occuring there are two type of path that pass by data package which we call as Downstream and Upstream Path. Every interface that build in network computer hardware usually are supported by full duplex sistem therefore in one interface it could be pass by Upstream and Downstream Data Package at the same time. When configuring both of the path, the parameter should be adjusted or else there would be an invalid routing configuration, this state would impact in network quality. iBGP Routing would help Network Administrator to set the path based on parameter adjustment in iBGP routing protocol. There are some parameter that can be use to set the network path and one of them is call local preferences, with adjust the value on the atribute of local preference the downstream and upstream path could be manage to fit the network utilities.Keywords: routing, iBGP, local preference, backbone

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Xing, Qianqian, Baosheng Wang, and Xiaofeng Wang. "BGPcoin: Blockchain-Based Internet Number Resource Authority and BGP Security Solution." Symmetry 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10090408.

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Without the design for inherent security, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is vulnerable to prefix/subprefix hijacks and other attacks. Though many BGP security approaches have been proposed to prevent or detect such attacks, the unsatisfactory cost-effectiveness frustrates their deployment. In fact, the currently deployed BGP security infrastructure leaves the chance for potential centralized authority misconfiguration and abuse. It actually becomes the critical yield point that demands the logging and auditing of misbehaviors and attacks in BGP security deployments. We propose a blockchain-based Internet number resource authority and trustworthy management solution, named BGPcoin, to facilitate the transparency of BGP security. BGPcoin provides a reliable origin advertisement source for origin authentication by dispensing resource allocations and revocations compliantly against IP prefix hijacking. We perform and audit resource assignments on the tamper-resistant Ethereum blockchain by means of a set of smart contracts, which also interact as one to provide the trustworthy origin route examination for BGP. Compared with RPKI, BGPcoin yields significant benefits in securing origin advertisement and building a dependable infrastructure for the object repository. We demonstrate it through an Ethereum prototype implementation, and we deploy it and do experiment on a locally-simulated network and an official Ethereum test network respectively. The extensive experiment and evaluation demonstrate the incentives to deploy BGPcoin, and the enhanced security provided by BGPcoin is technically and economically feasible.

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Yeh, Jyh-haw, Wei Zhang, Wen-chen Hu, and Chung-wei Lee. "Design and simulation of a supplemental protocol for BGP." Computer Networks 49, no. 2 (October 2005): 172–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2005.01.007.

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Yu, Chao, Xing Wei Wang, and Min Huang. "A BGP Fast Convergence Mechanism Based on Doubtful Path Judgment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 3067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3067.

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The stability of Border gateway protocol (BGP) are directly related to the performance of the Internet. However, experiments show that BGP has serious slow convergence problem and its performances cannot meet communication needs well. Thus, a BGP fast convergence mechanism based on doubtful path judgment is proposed in this paper. Firstly, by analyzing the relationships between failure paths, doubtful paths containing failure links are computed. Secondly, a policy of doubtful path validity inquiry and its corresponding messages are designed to avoid computing wrong doubtful paths while multiple links fail simultaneously. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the waste of network resources caused by the policy, a finite state machine is designed to handle nodes’ state transitions. Finally, doubtful paths are suppressed to take part in routing decisions in the stage of BGP path exploration and the fast convergence is achieved. The mechanism is implemented on the prototype system, and its validity and practicability are tested. Experiment results show that the mechanism is feasible and effective.

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claffy, kc. "Border gateway protocol (BGP) and traceroute data workshop report." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 42, no. 3 (June 26, 2012): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2317307.2317313.

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Verma, Rahul Deo, Shefalika Ghosh Samaddar, and A. B. Samaddar. "Securing BGP by Handling Dynamic Network Behavior and Unbalanced Datasets." International journal of Computer Networks & Communications 13, no. 6 (September 30, 2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2021.13603.

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The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) provides crucial routing information for the Internet infrastructure. A problem with abnormal routing behavior affects the stability and connectivity of the global Internet. The biggest hurdles in detecting BGP attacks are extremely unbalanced data set category distribution and the dynamic nature of the network. This unbalanced class distribution and dynamic nature of the network results in the classifier's inferior performance. In this paper we proposed an efficient approach to properly managing these problems, the proposed approach tackles the unbalanced classification of datasets by turning the problem of binary classification into a problem of multiclass classification. This is achieved by splitting the majority-class samples evenly into multiple segments using Affinity Propagation, where the number of segments is chosen so that the number of samples in any segment closely matches the minority-class samples. Such sections of the dataset together with the minor class are then viewed as different classes and used to train the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The RIPE and BCNET datasets are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. When no feature selection is used, the proposed technique improves the F1 score by 1.9% compared to state-of-the-art techniques. With the Fischer feature selection algorithm, the proposed algorithm achieved the highest F1 score of 76.3%, which was a 1.7% improvement over the compared ones. Additionally, the MIQ feature selection technique improves the accuracy by 3.5%. For the BCNET dataset, the proposed technique improves the F1 score by 1.8% for the Fisher feature selection technique. The experimental findings support the substantial improvement in performance from previous approaches by the new technique.

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Silva, Brivaldo A., Paulo Mol, Osvaldo Fonseca, Italo Cunha, Ronaldo A. Ferreira, and Ethan Katz-Bassett. "Automatic Inference of BGP Location Communities." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3508023.

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The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) orchestrates Internet communications between and inside Autonomous Systems. BGP's flexibility allows operators to express complex policies and deploy advanced traffic engineering systems. A key mechanism to provide this flexibility is tagging route announcements with BGP communities, which have arbitrary, operator-defined semantics, to pass information or requests from router to router. Typical uses of BGP communities include attaching metadata to route announcements, such as where a route was learned or whether it was received from a customer, and controlling route propagation, for example to steer traffic to preferred paths or blackhole DDoS traffic. However, there is no standard for specifying the semantics nor a centralized repository that catalogs the meaning of BGP communities. The lack of standards and central repositories complicates the use of communities by the operator and research communities. In this paper, we present a set of techniques to infer the semantics of BGP communities from public BGP data. Our techniques infer communities related to the entities or locations traversed by a route by correlating communities with AS paths. We also propose a set of heuristics to filter incorrect inferences introduced by misbehaving networks, sharing of BGP communities among sibling autonomous systems, and inconsistent BGP dumps. We apply our techniques to billions of routing records from public BGP collectors and make available a public database with more than 15 thousand location communities. Our comparison with manually-built databases shows our techniques provide high precision (up to 93%), better coverage (up to 81% recall), and dynamic updates, complementing operators' and researchers' abilities to reason about BGP community semantics.

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Li, Zhuo, Xu Zhou, Filip De Turck, Taixin Li, Yongmao Ren, and Yifang Qin. "Feudal Multiagent Reinforcement Learning for Interdomain Collaborative Routing Optimization." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (March 27, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1231979.

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In view of the inability of traditional interdomain routing schemes to meet the sudden network changes and adapt the routing policy accordingly, many optimization schemes such as modifying Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) parameters and using software-defined network (SDN) to optimize interdomain routing decisions have been proposed. However, with the change and increase of the demand for network data transmission, the high latency and flexibility of these mechanisms have become increasingly prominent. Recent researches have addressed these challenges through multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL), which can be capable of dynamically meeting interdomain requirements, and the multiagent Markov Decision Process (MDP) is introduced to construct this routing optimization problem. Thus, in this paper, an interdomain collaborative routing scheme is proposed in interdomain collaborative architecture. The proposed Feudal Multiagent Actor-Critic (FMAAC) algorithm is designed based on multiagent actor-critic and feudal reinforcement learning to solve this competition-cooperative problem. Our multiagent learns about the optimal interdomain routing decisions, focused on different optimization objectives such as end-to-end delay, throughput, and average delivery rate. Experiments were carried out in the interdomain testbed to verify the convergence and effectiveness of the FMAAC algorithm. Experimental results show that our approach can significantly improve various Quality of Service (QoS) indicators, containing reduced end-to-end delay, increased throughput, and guaranteed over 90% average delivery rate.

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Sediqi, Khwaja Zubair, Lars Prehn, and Oliver Gasser. "Hyper-specific prefixes." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 52, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3544912.3544916.

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Autonomous Systems (ASes) exchange reachability information between each other using BGP---the de-facto standard inter-AS routing protocol. While IPv4 (IPv6) routes more specific than /24 (/48) are commonly filtered (and hence not propagated), route collectors still observe many of them. In this work, we take a closer look at those "hyper-specific" prefixes (HSPs). In particular, we analyze their prevalence, use cases, and whether operators use them intentionally or accidentally. While their total number increases over time, most HSPs can only be seen by route collector peers. Nonetheless, some HSPs can be seen constantly throughout an entire year and propagate widely. We find that most HSPs represent (internal) routes to peering infrastructure or are related to address block relocations or blackholing. While hundreds of operators intentionally add HSPs to well-known routing databases, we observe that many HSPs are possibly accidentally leaked routes.

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Devikar, Rohit Nilkanth, Dipak V. Patil, and V. Chandraprakash. "Study of BGP Convergence Time: A Survey." TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i2.1622.

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Border Gatway Protocol (BGP), a path vector routing protocol, is a widespread exterior gateway protocol (EGP) in the internet. Extensive deployment of the new technologies in internet, protocols need to have continuous improvements in its behavior and operations. New routing technologies conserve a top level of service availability. Hence, due to topological changes, BGP needs to achieve a fast network convergence. Now a days size of the network growing very rapidly. To maintain the high scalability in the network BGP needs to avoid instability. The instability and failures may cause the network into an unstable state, which significantly increases the network convergence time. This paper summarizes the various approaches like BGP policies, instability, and fault detection etc. to improve the convergence time of BGP.

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Devikar, Rohit Nilkanth, D. V. Patil, and V. Chandraprakash. "Study of BGP Convergence Time." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i1.8106.

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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), a path vector routing protocol, is a widespread exterior gateway protocol (EGP) in the internet. Extensive deployment of the new technologies in internet, protocols need to have continuous improvements in its behavior and operations. New routing technologies conserve a top level of service availability. Hence, due to topological changes, BGP needs to achieve a fast network convergence. Now a days size of the network growing very rapidly. To maintain the high scalability in the network BGP needs to avoid instability. The instability and failures may cause the network into an unstable state, which significantly increases the network convergence time. This paper summarizes the various approaches like BGP policies, instability, and fault detection etc. to improve the convergence time of BGP.

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Devikar, Rohit Nilkanth, D. V. Patil, and V. Chandraprakash. "Study of BGP Convergence Time." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i1.pp413-420.

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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), a path vector routing protocol, is a widespread exterior gateway protocol (EGP) in the internet. Extensive deployment of the new technologies in internet, protocols need to have continuous improvements in its behavior and operations. New routing technologies conserve a top level of service availability. Hence, due to topological changes, BGP needs to achieve a fast network convergence. Now a days size of the network growing very rapidly. To maintain the high scalability in the network BGP needs to avoid instability. The instability and failures may cause the network into an unstable state, which significantly increases the network convergence time. This paper summarizes the various approaches like BGP policies, instability, and fault detection etc. to improve the convergence time of BGP.

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Raja, S., J. Logeshwaran, S. Venkatasubramanian, M. Jayalakshmi, N. Rajeswari, N. G. Olaiya, and Wubishet Degife Mammo. "OCHSA: Designing Energy-Efficient Lifetime-Aware Leisure Degree Adaptive Routing Protocol with Optimal Cluster Head Selection for 5G Communication Network Disaster Management." Scientific Programming 2022 (August 25, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5424356.

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As an underlayment to cellular 5G communication network, device-to-device (D2D) communications will not only boost capacity utilization and power efficiency but also provide public health and public safety services. One of the most important requirements for these businesses is to have alternate access to cellular networks in the event that they are partially or completely disrupted as a result of a natural disaster. Despite limited communication coverage and bandwidth scarcity, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) must have developed a new device-to-device (D2D) communication method fundamental enhanced mobile that can strengthen spectral efficiencies besides allowing direct communication of gadgets in close propinquity devoid of transitory by elevated-node B (eNB). Unfortunately, enabling data transmission on a cellular connection offers a challenge in terms of two-way radio source administration, because D2D associates recycle cellular users’ uplink radio resources, which might create interference to D2D user equipment’s (DUE) receiving channels. In this study, we concentrate on optimal cluster head selection using the binary flower pollination optimization algorithm by designing an energy-efficient lifetime-aware leisure degree adaptive routing protocol named OptCH_L-LDAR. This topology is constructed with a multi-hop obliging communication system, instructed on the way to wrap an extensive remoteness connecting source and destination. The proposed OptCH_L-LDAR is compared with three state-of-art methods such as binary flower pollination (BFP) algorithm, time division multiple access (TDMA), and data-driven technique (DDT). As a result, the proposed OptCH_L-LDAR achieves 96% of energy efficiency, 89% of lifetime, 97% of outage probability, and 98% of spectral efficiency.

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Baggan, Vidhu, Devendra Prasad, and Prabhjot Kaur. "Fast Network Path Restoration Through Modified Finite State Machine Model in Border Gateway Protocol." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 4394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8531.

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The interminable Internet Connectivity is imperative for the present style of living and the swelling size of network traffic has kindled challenges for establishing a no jitter network. The twists of Routing Protocols and underlying mechanisms were undercover and need to be explored enough. In this paper, we review various dimensions of existing Network Path Restoration mechanisms and proposed a modification in the connection establishment process of Exterior Routing Protocol for quick network path restoration. The de-facto Routing Protocol for inter-autonomous systems is the Border Gateway Routing Protocol (BGP). The connection establishment process of BGP must be modified for the quick recovery from a link failure in a network. The need for TCP/IP, 3 ways handshake process during connection re-establishment in BGP must be mitigated. The goal of this research paper is to design a network, for the modification of the connection establishment process of BGP.

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Amin, Sadia, Saira Ahthasham, Aftab Ahmed Shaikh, Ahthasham Sajid, and Mirza Aamir Mehmood. "Improvement of BGP Session Maintenance." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 1, no. 2 (May 24, 2012): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v1i2.77.

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In the early days, the Internet used static routes, but very quickly network administrators couldnt keep manually updating their routing tables. Later, Internet network administrator used a protocol called EGP but EGP was not scalable so BGP was introduced to solve all problems and more. BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol and the most current version is BGP4. BGP is a routing protocol that runs on routers. BGP allows fully decentralized management of the Internet. That means, if BGP router is on the Internet, it can tell all other routers that what networks are available to everyone in the world. BGP calls each routing domain an autonomous system (AS). It selects the best path, through the Internet, by choosing the route that has to traverse the fewest autonomous systems. As BGP provides information for controlling the flow of packets between ASes, the protocol plays a critical role in Internet efficiency, reliability, and security. However, slow convergence and abnormal termination of session are major vulnerability of BGP. Simplifying BGP design complexity helps in research, for the root cause analysis of BGP. Deriving technique to prevent the loss of data, reduce the convergence time and maintaining the sessions of BGP by instantly diverting the traffic from teardown / flapped link to the backup link considering as active link. It will be a great success to achieve the goal to maintain the sessions and reduce the BGP convergence time.

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Kriswantono, Andi, Arief Setyanto, and Suwanto Raharjo. "Kinerja Quagga Pada Routing BGP IPv6 Menggunakan Metode Dual Stack." Creative Information Technology Journal 5, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/citec.2017v5i1.141.

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Alamat jaringan yang digunakan saat ini adalah IPv4 (Internet Protocol v4), perkembangan jaringan menuju IoT (Internet of Think) meningkatkan kebutuhan akan alamat IP (Internet Protocol. Solusi terkait masalah IP adalah dengan melakukan migrasi ke alamat IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6).Metode transisi IPv4 ke IPv6 menggunakan Dual Stack merupakan metode yang paling baik dan stabil untuk dapat diimplementasikan. Salah satu pertimbangan dari provider penyedia jasa dan jaringan internet dalam melakukan migrasi ke jaringan IPv6 adalah terkait dengan kinerja BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) yang merupakan routing pondasi terbentuknya internet. Hal ini terkait dengan besarnya rute dengan adanya IPv6 yang nantinya mengakibatkan besarnya konsumsi CPU, memori dan lamanya BGP dalam menerima table routing secara penuh (convergence). Salah satu software routing BGP yang popular dan banyak digunakan di jaringan adalah menggunakan Quagga routing. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Quagga dalam menangani 10 peer BGP IPv4 dan IPv6 menunjukkan hasil yang baik, router membutuhkan waktu 106,6 second atau kurang lebih 1 menit 7 detik dengan konsumsi CPU maksimal 18,54% dan konsumsi memori 16,45% untuk dapat menerima seluruh table routing.Kata Kunci — Ipv6, Dual Stack, Quagga, BGP routing, convergenceThe current network address is IPv4 (Internet Protocol v4), network development towards IoT (Internet of Think) increases the need for IP addresses (Internet Protocol). The solutions of IP problem are to migrate to IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) addresses. IPv4 to IPv6 transition method using Dual Stack is the best and most stable method to implement. One of the considerations of internet service provider in migrating to IPv6 network is related to BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) performance that is the foundation routing internet connection. This is related to the magnitude of the route with the IPv6 which will result in the amount of CPU consumption, memory and the length of BGP in receiving the full table routing (convergence) One of the popular and widely used BGP routing software on the network is using Quagga routing. The results of this study show that using Quagga in handling 10 BGP IPv4 and IPv6 peers shows good results, the router takes 106.6 seconds or approximately 1 minute 7 seconds with a maximum CPU consumption of 18.54% and memory consumption of 16.45% to be able to accept all routing tables.Keywords— Ipv6, Dual Stack, Quagga, BGP routing, convergence

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Arini, Arini. "EVALUASI KINERJA JARINGAN DMVPN MENGGUNAKAN ROUTING PROTOCOL RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP DENGAN BGP." JISKA (Jurnal Informatika Sunan Kalijaga) 2, no. 3 (March 22, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jiska.2018.23-03.

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Data communication has become a major requirement for companies and governmental institutions. Communication is not only limited to one particular local area but covers other areas so as to form a wide network (WAN). By using 3-phase DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network) technology, government companies and institutions can communicate securely through the Internet network at lower cost and easier in configuration than similar solutions such as X.25, Frame Relay and ATM. In maximizing the performance of DMVPN required good network management, one of them by using a combination of internal and external routing protocol. In this study the routing protocol used RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP and BGP with different algorithms, to compare them used QoS criteria (throughput, jitter, packet loss, network covergence). Methods of data collection with literature study and literature study, simulation done with 8 stages (problem formulation, conceptual model, input & output data, modeling, simulation, verification & validation, experimentation, and output analysis). The results of this study provide the best QoS value in phase 1 is EIGRP-BGP, phase 2 is EIGRP-BGP, and phase 3 is RIPv2-BGP. And EIGRP-BGP is the best combination of routing protocols for DMVPN.

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Agarwal, Arushi, and Ayushi Pandey. "Reducing convergence time along with improvement in path service quality of border gateway protocol." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (May 29, 2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.31.13441.

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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an exterior gateway routing protocol used between various autonomous systems across the internet. BGP helps in selecting the best route for the transmission of data among the users. The transmission policy followed by BGP should be such that it should increase BGP routing performances. This work aims to reduce the convergence time of the network with the improvement of QOS (Quality of Service) in the routing of Border Gateway Protocol. Our results show that we can obtain a reduced framework environment which has a best routing path with better energy and quality, along with reduction in convergence time.

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Al-Musawi, Bahaa Qasim, and Philip Branch. "Identifying Recurrence Behaviour in the Underlying BGP Traffic." International Journal of Information, Communication Technology and Applications 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17972/ijicta20184142.

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The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an Internet routing protocol responsible for exchanging network reachability information between Autonomous Systems (ASes). Monitoring and mining BGP traffic are important aspects to understand and improve the stability of the Internet. However, identifying the characteristics of BGP traffic is much harder than it seems at a first glance where BGP traffic has been identified as complex, voluminous, and noisy. In this paper, we show that BGP traffic can be understood as an aggregation of oscillations of different frequencies from different ASes. Using linear and nonlinear statistical analysis, we show that BGP traffic shows recurrent behaviour. The source of this behaviour is unsynchronised periodic behaviour from a set of ASes.

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Br Damanik, Mulyanita. "Perancangan Jaringangan Menggunakan Mpls Untuk Layanan Video Streaming." Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Komputer 2, no. 02 (September 27, 2022): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/jpsk.v2i02.1756.

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Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil dirancang jaringan untuk performansi routing protocol antara BGP dan OSPF dengan menggunakn MPLS sebagai analisis nilai QoS kemudian hasil kualitas pada layanan video streaming. Perancangan pemodelan jaringan OSPF dan BGP dengan MPLS dilakukan dengan simulator Graphical Network Simulator 3 (GNS3). Protocol routing OSPF merupakan teknik routing berdasarkan pemilihan jalur yang dilalui paket data terdekat. Protocol routing BGP merupakan inti dari protocol routing internet menjadi backbone dari jaringan internet dunia. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter throughput 0,235 Mbps, delay 43,795 m/s dan packet loss 2,9%. Untuk pengujian kualitas video streaming menghasilkan nilai parameter PSNR 31,7 dB dan parameter SSIM 0,9. Ini menunjukkan konfigurasi BGP dan MPLS lebih baik pada pengujian simulasi jaringan untuk layanan video streaming.

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Mastilak, Lukas, Marek Galinski, Pavol Helebrandt, Ivan Kotuliak, and Michal Ries. "Enhancing Border Gateway Protocol Security Using Public Blockchain." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 4482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164482.

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Communication on the Internet consisting of a massive number of Autonomous Systems (AS) depends on routing based on Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Routers generally trust the veracity of information in BGP updates from their neighbors, as with many other routing protocols. However, this trust leaves the whole system vulnerable to multiple attacks, such as BGP hijacking. Several solutions have been proposed to increase the security of BGP routing protocol, most based on centralized Public Key Infrastructure, but their adoption has been relatively slow. Additionally, these solutions are open to attack on this centralized system. Decentralized alternatives utilizing blockchain to validate BGP updates have recently been proposed. The distributed nature of blockchain and its trustless environment increase the overall system security and conform to the distributed character of the BGP. All of the techniques based on blockchain concentrate on inspecting incoming BGP updates only. In this paper, we improve on these by modifying an existing architecture for the management of network devices. The original architecture adopted a private blockchain implementation of HyperLedger. On the other hand, we use the public blockchain Ethereum, more specifically the Ropsten testing environment. Our solution provides a module design for the management of AS border routers. It enables verification of the prefixes even before any router sends BGP updates announcing them. Thus, we eliminate fraudulent BGP origin announcements from the AS deploying our solution. Furthermore, blockchain provides storage options for configurations of edge routers and keeps the irrefutable history of all changes. We can analyze router settings history to detect whether the router advertised incorrect information, when and for how long.

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Asharov, Gilad, Daniel Demmler, Michael Schapira, Thomas Schneider, Gil Segev, Scott Shenker, and Michael Zohner. "Privacy-Preserving Interdomain Routing at Internet Scale." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2017-0033.

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Abstract The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) computes routes between the organizational networks that make up today’s Internet. Unfortunately, BGP suffers from deficiencies, including slow convergence, security problems, a lack of innovation, and the leakage of sensitive information about domains’ routing preferences. To overcome some of these problems, we revisit the idea of centralizing and using secure multi-party computation (MPC) for interdomain routing which was proposed by Gupta et al. (ACM HotNets’12). We implement two algorithms for interdomain routing with state-of-the-art MPC protocols. On an empirically derived dataset that approximates the topology of today’s Internet (55 809 nodes), our protocols take as little as 6 s of topology-independent precomputation and only 3 s of online time. We show, moreover, that when our MPC approach is applied at country/region-level scale, runtimes can be as low as 0.17 s online time and 0.20 s pre-computation time. Our results motivate the MPC approach for interdomain routing and furthermore demonstrate that current MPC techniques are capable of efficiently tackling real-world problems at a large scale.

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Li, Peipei, Bin Lu, and Daofeng Li. "BGP Neighbor Trust Establishment Mechanism Based on the Bargaining Game." Information 12, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12030110.

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The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the standard inter-domain route protocol on the Internet. Autonomous System (AS) traffic is forwarded by the BGP neighbors. In the route selection, if there are malicious or inactive neighbors, it will affect the network’s performance or even cause the network to crash. Therefore, choosing trusted and safe neighbors is an essential part of BGP security research. In response to such a problem, in this paper we propose a BGP Neighbor Trust Establishment Mechanism based on the Bargaining Game (BNTE-BG). By combining service quality attributes such as bandwidth, packet loss rate, jitter, delay, and price with bargaining game theory, it allows the AS to select trusted neighbors which satisfy the Quality of Service independently. When the trusted neighbors are forwarding data, we draw on the gray correlation algorithm to calculate neighbors’ behavioral trust and detect malicious or inactive BGP neighbors.

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Ayesha Nasir and Unsa Tariq. "A Comparative Study of Routing Protocols Including RIP, OSPF and BGP." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 2, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2018.020236.

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In network communication, routing is the process of transferring data across network between different end devices. Communication can be within a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN). Despite of the network type, routing is considered as an important process in network communication. Router works with routing protocols. Routing protocol basically determines the way in which different routers communicate and transfer data. Different protocols have different attributes, algorithms and architecture that makes them capable to achieve reliable communication. So, we can say that the basics for transferring data across network is routing protocols. The data moves across different network topologies and different protocols working within and outside an autonomous system handles this data. Various protocols used in routing includes: Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and many more. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparison of different routing protocols. The main focus of this paper will be on OSPF, RIP, BGP and its types.

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Shukla, Shipra, and Mahesh Kumar. "An Approach to Discover the Stable Routes in BGP Confederations." International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2017040108.

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This article describes how the current internet is a network of interconnected autonomous systems which is susceptible to route instability when transferring data. The BGP confederation is the essential intra-domain routing protocol that may cause instability on the Internet. So far, route instability has been widely studied for internal BGP. However, the existing routing policies such as APMS and H-SSPP are not adequate for the route stability of BGP confederations. In fact, these routing policies may degrade the network performance parameters in terms of the packet delivery ratio, convergence time, average throughput and the average end to end delay. Therefore, this article proposes the Flexible BGP Confederation Policy Management (FBCPM) to reduce the anomalies. The proposed approach detects the route instability in the networks and provides a policy to construct a stable network. The routing policy shrinks the route oscillations and forwarding loops. Furthermore, the simulation results confirm that the authors' proposed approach has improved network performance parameters compared to other existing approaches.

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Prof Dr Aftab Malik, Dr. Haroon Ur-Rashid Rashid, and Waqar Azeem. "ANALYSIS OF BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL, ITS TYPES AND MEASURES TO AVOID RISK." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2019.030379.

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This is the age of digital communication. The process involves sending messages from one end of the network to other end using the internet, extranets and the Internet of Things (IOT) Technologies. Initially, the internet is a small community. But today internet becomes a global community as thousands of different administrative entities own and operate the internet. The process of transferring data across the network is known as routing. The process of routing is performed by using routers. Routers use certain protocols to achieve this task. The Broader Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an interdomain routing protocol that is used to connect two different autonomous systems. The autonomous system is collection of network that runs under a single administrative entity. This paper includes analysis and important techniques of border gateway protocol, types of BGP, its attributes, security threats and measures to avoid risks.

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Devikar, Rohit Nilkanth, Dipak V. Patil, and V. Chandra Prakash. "Impact of MRAI Timer on BGP Updates and Convergence Time." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp873-882.

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<p>BGP is a vital routing protocol for the communication amongst autonomous systems in the internet and has been broadly applied in all categories of large scale network. The inter-domain routing protocol (BGP) shows slow convergence, which effects on many internet applications due to its high convergence delay. The network operators broadly use different MRAI timers in BGP routers to deal with the issue of growing convergence time of the network. The variation in MRAI timer and its impact on network convergence and update messages has been broadly studied over the years. The increasing size of autonomous systems leads to rise in number of MRAI timers. Hence, the optimum use of MRAI timers can decrease the problem of slow convergence and necessity of huge number of MRAI timers. The proposed system uses the ckle minimum route advertisement interval timer (FMRAI) for fast update of routing table, which leads to reduce the convergence time of a network. In comparison with static MRAI timer of 30s the FMRAI timer leads to better result in terms of convergence time and number of update messages.</p>

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Chan, Haowen, Debabrata Dash, Adrian Perrig, and Hui Zhang. "Modeling adoptability of secure BGP protocols." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 34, no. 1 (June 26, 2006): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1140103.1140334.

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Zhao, Dan, Xiao Feng Hu, and Chun Qing Wu. "ES-TMP: Inter-Domain Egress Selection Based on Traffic Migration Prediction." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 2147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2147.

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Hot-potato routing is commonly used to break tie among multiple equally-good exit points associating with inter-domain BGP routes. However, hot-potato routing only takes the network control plane into consideration, where it provides the routers the possibility of enabling early exit of traffic using barely protocol-related information of IGP distance. In this paper, we argue that egress selection of inter-domain routing should pay more attention to traffic forwarding, because the large traffic migration caused by egress change, although not quite often, can degrade the network performance or even make the network crash. We propose Egress Selection based on Traffic Migration Prediction (ES-TMP). We use traffic demand to predict the traffic migration, which is used as important criteria for egress selection. If the volume of traffic migration is large, ES-TMP keeps the egress unchanged. Otherwise, the small traffic migration enables the routers use the closest egress without apparent influence on network performance. ES-TMP can either be implemented with standard BGP protocol or by dedicated servers to perform global routing optimization.

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Khalil, Knaj Nouma. "USING MPLS TECHNOLOGY TO SOLVE BGP “BLACKHOLE” PROBLEM." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 8, no. 3 (2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2022-8-3-7-11.

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Traditional IP networks use a hop-by-pop principle for transmitting traffic. This leads to aggregation of heterogeneous traffic on links in different parts of the network, which causes considerable possible growth of congestion and leaves the network with both unbalanced use of resources and link failure in congested parts. To support a growing number of users and multiple classes of applications with different performance requirements and characteristics, service providers have been forced to adapt to new technologies. Researchers have found that conventional IP packet forwarding is not suitable for applications such as VOIP and video conferencing, which are currently in huge demand. In addition to offer a general provision of MPLS technology, architecture, operation method and features, we will consider the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) “Black hole” issue that results in the inability of the network to transfer traffic between some end points, and how MPLS help us avoid this problem and even optimize network operation and resources utilization.

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Amuda, Sahril, Muhamad Femy Mulya, and Felix Indra Kurniadi. "Analisis dan Perancangan Simulasi Perbandingan Kinerja Jaringan Komputer Menggunakan Metode Protokol Routing Statis, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) dan Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) (Studi Kasus Tanri Abeng University)." Jurnal SISKOM-KB (Sistem Komputer dan Kecerdasan Buatan) 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47970/siskom-kb.v4i2.189.

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Network is a communication between two devices to communicate with each other either using wire or wireless media. The LAN network topology used at Tanri Abeng Unversity still uses a static routing topology, where the routing process is still done manually, so that if there is an addition of a new network, it will be difficult to configure the routing table. In this research, a network topology with dynamic routing methods will be built that will help improve network performance at Tanri Abeng University. The purpose of this research is to analyze the comparison of network performance at Tanri Abeng Unversity in sending data packets using static routing protocols, OSPF, and BGP based on the parameters used. In this research also, the ping process was carried out using the cisco packet tracer 100 times with the size of the data packet sent of 32 bytes for each routing method to be compared. Then in this research, the test scenario was carried out eight times on each parameter of throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter in the hope of determining which routing method is more optimal among static routing, OSPF, and BGP at Tanri Abeng University. The test results show that BGP routing for throughput and packet loss parameters is superior to other routing methods, while OSPF routing for delay and jitter parameters is superior to other routing methods.

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Iryani, Nanda, and Dyas Dendi Andika. "Analisis Performansi Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network pada Routing Protocol BGP dengan FRRouting." JTERA (Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa) 6, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v6.i1.2021.61-66.

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Strzęciwilk, Dariusz. "Examination of Transmission Quality in the IP Multi-Protocol Label Switching Corporate Networks." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 58, no. 3 (September 2012): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0037-z.

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Abstract The paper presents the examination of quality of transmission designed and built based on IP/MPLS technology as well as BGP and OSPF routing protocols of corporate network. It indicates the factors forming and affecting the service quality in IP network, including QoS support network architecture, particularly the architecture of DiffServ differentiated services. Main problems occurring in these architectures have been discussed. The analysis of data and voice transmission via IP network of Best Effort architecture and in Differentiated Service architecture of differentiated transmission quality have been conducted. It has been presented that the MPLS technology may be effectively applied in building corporate networks requiring network services of highest quality parameters with lossless packet transmission and maximum delay guarantee.

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Feamster, Nick, Jared Winick, and Jennifer Rexford. "A model of BGP routing for network engineering." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 32, no. 1 (June 2004): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1012888.1005726.

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Zhang, Jun, and Fu Xiang Peng. "Routing Strategy and Quality of Service (QoS) Realization Research of Guangxi Meteorology Network." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.919.

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Large cover area and long distance transmission are main characteristics of a meteorological communication network. A satellite communication technology has been mainly adopted in the field of meteorological communication for a long time, because an optical communication technology has become the important support technology during a new network transformation, meteorological departments establish a nationwide meteorological broadband network. The paper aims at the structure of the Guangxi meteorological broadband network, points out how to use a routing strategy which combines a border gateway protocol (BGP) with an open shortest path first interior gateway protocol (OSPF) to solve the problem of entire network routing flapping and provides a basic method to dynamically realize the quality of service (QoS) guarantee of various kinds of service data in the meteorological broadband communication network by combining meteorological data services and class based queueing (CBQ).

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Sermpezis, Pavlos, Vasileios Kotronis, Alberto Dainotti, and Xenofontas Dimitropoulos. "A Survey among Network Operators on BGP Prefix Hijacking." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 48, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3211852.3211862.

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Jingjing, Zhou, Cheng Di, Wang Weiming, Jin Rong, and Wu Xiaochun. "The Deployment of Routing Protocols in Distributed Control Plane of SDN." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/918536.

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Software defined network (SDN) provides a programmable network through decoupling the data plane, control plane, and application plane from the original closed system, thus revolutionizing the existing network architecture to improve the performance and scalability. In this paper, we learned about the distributed characteristics of Kandoo architecture and, meanwhile, improved and optimized Kandoo’s two levels of controllers based on ideological inspiration of RCP (routing control platform). Finally, we analyzed the deployment strategies of BGP and OSPF protocol in a distributed control plane of SDN. The simulation results show that our deployment strategies are superior to the traditional routing strategies.

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Singh, Rachee, David Tench, Phillipa Gill, and Andrew McGregor. "PredictRoute: A Network Path Prediction Toolkit." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 49, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3543516.3460107.

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Accurate prediction of network paths between arbitrary hosts on the Internet is of vital importance for network operators, cloud providers, and academic researchers. We present PredictRoute, a system that predicts network paths between hosts on the Internet using historical knowledge of the data and control plane. In addition to feeding on freely available traceroutes and BGP routing tables, PredictRoute optimally explores network paths towards chosen BGP prefixes. PredictRoute's strategy for exploring network paths discovers 4X more autonomous system (AS) hops than other well-known strategies used in practice today. Using a corpus of traceroutes, PredictRoute trains probabilistic models of routing towards prefixes on the Internet to predict network paths and their likelihood. PredictRoute's AS-path predictions differ from the measured path by at most 1 hop, 75% of the time. We expose PredictRoute's path prediction capability via a REST API to facilitate its inclusion in other applications and studies. We additionally demonstrate the utility of PredictRoute in improving real-world applications for circumventing Internet censorship and preserving anonymity online.

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Journal articles on the topic 'BGP (Computer network protocol)'

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