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Journal articles on the topic 'Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

SHIVAM, KUMAR PANDEY, and Saraswat Jagrati. "THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA (BNS) BILL, 2023." LEX SCRIPTA MAGAZINE OF LAW AND POLICY 01, no. 03 (2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8430960.

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The improved new legislation introduced by the current administration has replaced the procedural and substantive laws that have existed in our nation for many years. The legislation of the country has undergone substantial modifications. It asserted that the Indian Penal Code of 1806 was created to safeguard British government interests rather than those of Indian citizens. The document upholds the long-standing legislation and the “Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill” introduced in the Lok Sabha on August 1. Does putting out a new legislation create dread and hence alter society? Does t

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Vyanjna, Saini. "Evaluating the Impact of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita on the Indian Judiciary: A Legal Study." RECENT RESEARCHES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 11, no. 3 (2024): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13997613.

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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), a comprehensive legal code aimed at unifying Indian laws,represents a significant step towards legal reform in India. This research paper delves into thepotential impacts of the BNS on the Indian judiciary, analyzing its key provisions and examining howthey may affect various aspects of legal practice and judicial decision-making. The paper begins byproviding a brief overview of the BNS, highlighting its primary objectives and the rationale behind itsenactment. It then proceeds to examine the specific provisions of the BNS, focusing on areas such ascriminal l

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3

Bajpai, Mansi. "False Promises of Marriage as Sexual Exploitation: Evaluating Criminal Liability Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, no. 04 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem01457.

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The evolving socio-legal landscape in India calls for continual reform of criminal laws to more effectively address gender-based exploitation. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 marks a significant legislative shift by criminalizing sexual relations obtained through false promises of marriage—a gap long unaddressed under the Indian Penal Code (IPC). This provision seeks to safeguard the autonomy and dignity of women by recognizing such deception as a form of sexual exploitation, rather than mere breach of trust. This study critically analyses the legal contours, objectives, and enforceabi

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Minakashi, Kumawat. "IPC to BNS: A Leap Forward in Indian Criminal Justice – A Comparative Study." International Journal of Academic Research 11, no. 3 (2024): 103–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13982920.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong>India has started a revolutionary journey by introducing The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, which repeals the criminal laws from the colonial era. The goal of this new law is to effectively solve the complex issues while also harmonizing with the core values of Indian society, thereby transforming the legal landscape. The controversial sedition legislation, which has frequently been used to suppress dissent and violate civil freedoms, is abolished along with the comprehensive reforms that especially target severe crimes like terrorism, organized crime, corruption, mob

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Kavia, Aditi Singh, and Karan Singh Chouhan. "Crime, Morality and Decolonization: A Critical Comparative Analysis of Criminal Law Reforms in Indonesia and India." Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 25, no. 1 (2025): 49. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2025.v25.49-66.

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The criminal laws have undergone a comprehensive reform with the enactment of the Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), 2023 in Indonesia and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023 in India. Those circumstances have raised serious questions concerning human rights. The newly enacted Criminal laws were introduced as a comprehensive reform to supersede the outdated colonial-era legislation, with the intention of dismantling colonial legacy. This study endeavors to conduct a critical evaluation of the extent to whic

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Deepak Nair, Prof. "Legal Solutions - GenAI." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem48096.

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Abstract—This paper presents LegalRAG Assistant, an AI-powered legal chatbot platform that leverages Generative AI (GenAI), Large Language Models (LLMs), and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to provide accurate, context-aware responses to legal queries. The system integrates Indian legal frameworks including the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) and RERA guidelines to support real-time legal consultation and document analysis. A structured pipeline was developed using vector embeddings (via Sentence-BERT) and FAISS for efficient semantic retrieval of legal texts, which are then fed into a fine

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Dixit, Praveen, Mamta Kumari, U. Aravindan, and Hitesh Chawla. "Exploring amended Indian laws in context of forensic medicine: A comprehensive review." IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences 9, no. 2 (2024): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2024.013.

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In sum, the adoption of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bhatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam signifies a transformative milestone in post-independence India's legal evolution. By embracing indigenous wisdom, democratic values, and global insights, these legislations aspire to catalyze a more equitable, efficient, and accountable legal system, poised to meet the complex challenges of the 21st century. As forensic medicine continues to play an increasingly pivotal role in the Indian justice system, practitioners must remain abreast of these legal developments and uphold th

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Nagpal, Neeraj. "Apprehensions of a Nervous Medical Practitioner Regarding Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita." Journal of Indian Medico Legal and Ethics Association 12, no. 2 (2024): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jimlea-11019-0010.

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Dr. Neeraj Malik. "Mob Lynching and Vigilantism in India: Analyzing Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023." Indian Journal of Law 2, no. 4 (2024): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/ijl.v2.i4.37.

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Lynching in the US, especially after Reconstruction, symbolises racial injustice and white domination. Lynching was not limited to African Americans, although they were disproportionately targeted. Lynching began as frontier justice during the Revolutionary War but became a tool of racial terror and social manipulation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In lynching analysis, the "frustration-aggression" hypothesis suggests that economic hardship, demographic shifts, and political discontent may exacerbate mob violence. When people or organisations are irritated by perceived threats to

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Mahani, Anmol, and Rudranath Zadu. "Ensuring the safety of healthcare professionals: A review of current challenges and legal frameworks in India." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 11, no. 4 (2024): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.033.

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Healthcare professionals, particularly doctors, face significant safety challenges in India. Workplace violence, harassment, inadequate infrastructure, and the absence of appropriate legal protections worsen their vulnerability, especially during night shifts. Recent incidents of violence have drawn attention to the urgent need for reforms to ensure their safety. This review aims to critically evaluate the current safety concerns for doctors in India, analyse the effectiveness of the existing legal frameworks, particularly the newer BNS (Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita) and BNSS (Bhartiya Nyaya Suraksh

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Philip, Sharad, and Barikar C. Malathesh. "Shifting sands: Mental disorder defense from section 84 IPC to Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 66, no. 8 (2024): 764–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_572_24.

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Paul, George. "Criminal Negligence against Dentists under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita – A Cause for Worry?" Kerala Dental Journal 48, no. 1 (2025): 55–56. https://doi.org/10.4103/ksdj.ksdj_3_25.

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Raminder, Singh Romi AND. "Role of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in Strengthening National Security and Preventing Terrorism." Academic 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14836636.

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Padmakumar Krishnankutty Nair. "A General Overview on the Medico Legal Provisions of Bharathiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023." Medico Legal Update 25, no. 1 (2025): 17–21. https://doi.org/10.37506/be4tnb75.

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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 brought about very extensive alteration in the criminal justice system of India because it aims at overhauling the Indian Penal Code of 1860. This review article analyzes the new code from the medico-legal perspective, focusing on the provisions that might be of interest to medical and legal professionals. Specific parts of the act regarding consent, injury, criminal responsibility, medical negligence, sexual offenses, and other important areas are discussed in order to understand legislative purpose and real-life implications. Analyzing these provisions the ar

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Mehta, Akta. "Evolution of Criminal Law in India: Analysing the Bharatiya Nyayaa Sanhita 2023 in the Context of Historical Legislation." GLS KALP: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (2025): 50–58. https://doi.org/10.69974/glskalp.05.01.05.

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The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 represents a significant overhaul of India’s criminal justice framework, aiming to modernize and streamline legal processes. This paper examines the key features of the 2023 legislation, comparing it with prior laws such as the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860 and the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) of 1973. By analysing the modifications in definitions, penalties, and procedural safeguards, this study highlights the progressive shift towards a more victim-centric approach, enhanced procedural fairness, and the integration of contemporary societal values. The pape

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Kangane, Dr. Sampada Jagannath. "Recasting Sedition in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 – Abolishing or Reinforcing Colonial Sedition Law in India?" Journal of Research & Development 16, no. 8 (2024): 32–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12705043.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> It is a classic theory of democracy in political science that the governments instituted among men derive all just power from the consent of the governed, and may, therefore, be by them at any time altered, amended or abolished. In the light of this theory, it is a settled principle that freedom of speech and expression includes expressing dissent against established government. So far as India is concerned, Art. 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India protects freedom of speech and expression of its citizens provided reasonable restrictions can be imposed by law under

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Munisankar, Prudvi, Prashanth Mada, and Lahari Banka. "A Review of Landmark Judgments on Medical Negligence." Telangana Journal of IMA 4, no. 1 (2024): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tjima.tjima_14_24.

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Abstract In light of the survey by the Indian Medical Association showing prevalent fear among medical practitioners regarding legal repercussions, this article examines key judicial precedents that uphold the rights and responsibilities of doctors in cases of alleged medical negligence. Drawing from notable cases such as Martin F. D’ Souza versus Mohd. Ishfaq and Kusum Sharma and Ors versus Batra Hospital and Med. Research Center, the authors interpret crucial principles and emphasize the significance of adherence to standard practices. In addition, it throws light on recent legislative amend

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Pandey, Swastika. "Evolution of Criminal Law: A Comparative Study of IPC and BNS." REVIEW JOURNAL PHILOSOPHY & SOCIAL SCIENCE L, no. 1 (2025): 171–79. https://doi.org/10.31995/rjpss.2025.v50i01.023.

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The justice delivery system of any nation is dependent on the criminal laws of that nation. It showcases a clear demarcation of criminal acts and labels the harmful acts of the society. The Indian Penal Code, of 1860 was the major legislation of criminal law, originating from the colonial values. IPC having the obsolete provisions, could not hold the test of time and did not address the contemporary issues faced by the modern India. The BNS proved to be the solution to the redundant criminal system followed by us even after so many years of the Independence. The BNS was enacted in 2023 and it

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Gopal, Ram. "A brief comparative study of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and the Indian penal code, 1860." International Journal of Criminal, Common and Statutory Law 5, no. 1 (2025): 189–91. https://doi.org/10.22271/27899497.2025.v5.i1c.134.

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Harsha, M. "Liability for Necrophilia - A Comparative Analysis of The Indian Penal Code, 1860 and The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023." Multidisciplinary Legal Affairs Journal 1, no. 1 (2024): 50–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10981915.

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The criminal system of India has been evolving over time to adapt to new changes in accordance to the crimes in the country. But, necrophilia is one such crime that has not yet been addressed or defined by the Indian statutes. Necrophilia is the morbid fascination to engage in sexual intercourse with a corpse. Through this research paper, the author attempts to critically analyse the laws present in India to address the issue of necrophilia and conducting a comparative analysis with the previous Indian Penal Code, 1860 and the present Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 to understand the evolution o

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Moolchandani, Anushka. "A paradigm shift in Indian criminal law: Comparative analysis of the Indian penal code, 1860 and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023." International Journal of Criminal, Common and Statutory Law 4, no. 2 (2024): 32–38. https://doi.org/10.22271/27899497.2024.v4.i2a.90.

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Bhagawati, Parismita, and Paramita Dey. "Animal cruelty legislation in India: A green criminological exploration." Scientific Temper 15, no. 02 (2024): 2322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.2.47.

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We see laws being constantly updated responding to the onslaught of changing times and circumstances and value settings of society. However, such dynamism in the legal spectrum appears to be lopsided once laws on animal cruelty are glanced over. Laws on animal cruelty seem to be following a pattern that is not so dynamic and abreast of the evolving moral compass of society. It is critically observed in the course of this research that much like the legislation preventing animal cruelty, cruelty against animals, ironically, exhibits an upward graph. In pursuit of resolving this irony, especiall

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Kumar, Sanjeev, and Sanjeet Singh. "Gender-Based Violence as a Barrier to Women's Economic and Social Decision-Making: A Legal Analysis." Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies 4, no. 2 (2025): 37–49. https://doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.4.2.5.

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Sexual violence against women and girls is arguably the most serious challenge to women's economic and social empowerment in India. The low status of women in India seems unaffected in the face of the menace of patriarchal norms, inadequate enforcement of law, and societal stigma opposed to their rights and opportunities, despite the establishment of a broad legal framework enshrined in several statutes including the Constitution, Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005), Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act (2013), and the recently adopted Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (2023). This conti

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Ali, S. M. Aamir, and Pritha Mukhopadhyay. "Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita: Decolonizing Criminal Law or Colonial Continuities?" International Annals of Criminology, November 13, 2024, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2024.20.

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Abstract A change is more often than not faced with resistance from thinking minds before it is welcomed. This paper emphasizes the urgent need to scrutinize the proposed changes to the age-old Indian Penal Code to be brought about by the enactment of the new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS). It critically evaluates every such new change to resolve all doubts and apprehensions, in delving particularly into the inspection of the BNS, in a theoretical study comparing with the Indian Penal Code. The paper discusses the “legislative intent and colonial continuities”, “anti-democratic tendencies

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B, Mathanachandiran, and Ratheesh Kumar.V.V Dr. "NEW CRIMINAL LAWS (BNS, BNSS, BSA) - AN ANALYSIS1." International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management (ijetrm) 08, no. 08 (2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13199691.

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These three new Criminal Laws would not only repeal the previous ones, but also make necessary adjustments to thepunitive and procedural laws. These laws try to simplify the legal complications, Streamlining crime and penaltyprovisions. These laws aim to provide fast justice in line with constitutional and democratic principles, utilizingtechnology and forensic science for crime investigation. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita prescribes dates forinquiry, trial, and verdict. According to the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, electronic evidence includes informationprovided by witnesses, accuse

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-, Md Imran Wahab, IPS. "Shortcomings of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: An Analytical Perspective." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 5 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28030.

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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 was enacted on December 25, 2023, to supplant the Indian Penal Code of 1860, marking a significant reform in India's criminal justice system. This legislation, along with the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita as well as Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, took impact on 1st July 2024. The changes signify a departure from colonial legal frameworks, aiming for a system aligned with contemporary rights and inclusivity. While the Chief Justice of India and various legal experts have praised the BNS as a transformative step, it still exhibits notable shortcomings. For in

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-, Shubham Shukla. "New Provisions for Police Officers in BNSS." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 5 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.27807.

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On July 1, 2024, three historic criminal laws—the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhinayam (BSA)—replaced three antiquated statutes from the British colonial era in India. The new laws aim to improve India's criminal justice system and offer a more effective framework for dealing with criminal activity. The main points of the BNS, which aims to replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which was created a century ago, will be covered in this article. The BNS worsens the retributive system by introducing wide and imprecisely defined of

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Bhushan, Aryan. "lacunae in lndian law: ambiguity of marital rape and gaps in the bns and domestic violence act." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 7, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.45119.

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Acharya, Akshaya, Vibin Ravikumar, and Bharani Kumar Depuru. "AI-Powered Legal Chatbot for Litigative Situations: Leveraging BNS, BNSS, and BSA with Contextual Document Integration." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, April 1, 2025, 1612–17. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1268.

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The legal system in India is undergoing significant reforms with the introduction of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) [9], Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)[10], and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)[11]. These new legal codes aim to modernize and simplify the legal framework, but they also pose challenges for legal professionals and litigants who must navigate these changes. This research proposes an AI-powered Legal Chatbot that leverages the BNS, BNSS, and BSA as its foundational knowledge base, while also integrating user-uploaded contextual documents, such as landmark judgments,

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Chavan, Prithviraj. "Gender Neutrality in New Criminal Laws in India: A Critical Study with Reference to Sexual Offences." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 7, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.44676.

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The concept of gender neutrality is examined in this research article through the lens of India's new criminal code, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, which supersedes the Indian Penal Code (IPC) from the colonial era and deals specifically with sexual offenses. In it, we look at whether the BNS is an improvement in diversity and inclusion and gender equality protections. This study examines the areas where India's approach to sexual offenses is lacking and proposes concrete changes based on existing laws, constitutional mandates, court rulings, and foreign comparisons.

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Singh, Saumya, and Shirsh Pandey. "The Evolving Cybercrime Landscape in India: Legal Challenges, Digital Evidence, and New Criminal Laws." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 7, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.41627.

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With the rapid expansion of digital technology, cybercrime has emerged as a significant legal challenge in India. The increasing instances of hacking, financial fraud, identity theft, cyber terrorism, and AI-driven offenses necessitate robust legal frameworks and efficient investigative mechanisms. The introduction of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023, marks a paradigm shift in India's criminal justice system, replacing colonial-era laws and adapting to the digital landscape. This paper examines the

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Shrivastava, Himanshu, and Sabeeh Akhter. "A Comparative Study of the Indian Penal Code and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita’s Gender-related Provisions." Statute Law Review 45, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmae033.

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Abstract The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) of 2023 replaces the existing Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860 as the primary penal law of India. The new BNS offers a potential pathway for the reformation of the legal landscape concerning gender-based offences in India. This paper analyzes all such changes introduced in the BNS (relating to provisions of gender-related offenses such as adultery, assault, cruelty, domestic violence, rape, sex trafficking, etc.) by comparing them to the previous Indian Penal Code (IPC, 1860). This paper explores the new bill’s potential to address long-standing gender

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Naik, Yeshwant. "The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS): A Critical Examination of India's New Penal Code." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4884622.

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-, Vaibhav Gandhi, and Muskan Gandhi -. "From Promise to Punishment: Analysis Section 69 of BNS, 2023." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 6 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.30006.

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This paper deconstructs Section 69 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, that criminalizes sexual intercourse caused by false promises of marriage and frames it as an important legal provision for women's autonomy and redressing exploitation. Despite its protective intent, the section holds within it a possible danger. It brings obscurity to the definition of consent and adds complications to the interpretation of the law. This paper deals with the broad language of Section 69, which makes it difficult to prove intent and may lead to frivolous litigation, especially in consensual relatio

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Bajpai, Arushi, Akash Gupta, and Akshath Indusekhar. "Revisiting Criminal Law Bills: An In-Depth Critical Analysis of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Bill." Statute Law Review 45, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmae043.

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Abstract In an attempt to revise the criminal laws, India has introduced three new criminal law bills in the Lok Sabha in August 2023, which later received a few recommendations from the parliamentary committee and recently got a nod from the President of India. These bills have been diligently formulated after consultation with the apex court, the high courts, some of the most renowned law universities in the country, and other experts in the field. However, there have been a lot of drafting errors in the new bills. Since the time it has been introduced, it has been highly criticized by all t

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A. S. Kowshikaa. "India's Criminal Justice Reform: An In-Depth Look at The New Laws." Journal of Law and Legal Research Development, January 31, 2024. https://doi.org/10.69662/jllrd.v2i1.35.

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The recent enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) marks a monumental shift in India's criminal justice system, replacing colonial-era laws with a modern legal framework. These reforms aim to streamline judicial processes, enhance transparency, and prioritize justice for victims. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the new laws, focusing on substantive changes in criminal offenses, police investigation procedures, and judicial proceedings. Key innovations include gender-neutral language, mandat

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-, Arjun Sharma, and Mukesh kumar -. "Evolution of Codified Criminal Laws in India: A Voyage from Colonialization to Decolonization." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 5 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.29205.

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This research paper delves into the profound evaluation of criminal laws in Bharat from the Vedic era to the decolonization of criminal statutes. The narrative begins with evaluating the criminal justice system from the Vedic ages to today's new decolonized criminal laws in India. The paper scrutinizes the various time duration for evaluation of criminal laws in Bharat: Before the Vedic era (Vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sāma, and Atharva), Shrutis, Puranas, and many more), During the Vedic era (Dharamshastra and Arthshastra), Mughal period, British colonial period, and Decolonialization of criminal laws

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-, Md Imran Wahab, IPS. "Understanding BNS Sections 238 and 61(2): Evidence Tampering, Supplying False Information to Protect a Criminal, and Police Accountability." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 6 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.30417.

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This paper provides a detailed analysis of Sections 238 and 61(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), focusing on the implications of tampering with evidence or providing false information to protect a criminal, especially concerning the responsibilities of police officers. Those who deliberately obliterate, remove, destroy or conceal evidence related to a crime or offer false information to shield an offender face penalty under Section 238 BNS, where the severity varies based on the nature of the offence, potentially resulting in a prison sentence of up to seven years and a fine. In a

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-, Md Imran Wahab, IPS. "Protecting the identity of Rape Victims and the Exceptions to This Protection." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 5 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28847.

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Protecting the anonymity of rape victims is crucial for upholding their dignity and mental health. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), explicitly forbids revealing information that identifies victims of rape under Section 72(1), aiming to reduce their risk of trauma and societal stigma. Nonetheless, there are designated exceptions under Section 72(2), such as for investigative reasons or with the victim's approval, where disclosure may be permitted to balance the need for privacy with the pursuit of justice. Concerns arise regarding this section that permits law enforcement to disclose id

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Malik, Neeraj. "CRIMINAL LAW REFORMS IN RECENT TIMES: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 5, no. 7 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i7.2024.2341.

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Criminal law is basically a fundamental part of the judiciary system, which protects society and upholds justice. The main purpose of this law is to maintain social order and rehabilitate offenders. Ensures to protection of the rights of individuals and maintains rules regarding illegal and legal behaviour. In India criminal law protects citizens and improves overall justice delivery. The new criminal laws especially emphasize the human rights of the citizens and provide effective outcomes for victims. The modification and introduction directly contribute towards reducing the crime rate and en

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Rotele, Ms Kajol C. "Cybercrime in India: An Emerging Challenge in the Digital Age." Gurukul International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, April 14, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69758/gimrj/2503i3iivxiiip0016.

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Abstract India’s rapid digital growth has made it a global internet powerhouse, but this has come at the cost of escalating cybercrime. With over 1.7 million complaints in 2024 and financial losses exceeding $1.3 billion USD, cyber threats like financial fraud, data breaches, and cross-border attacks are rampant. This paper delves into the scale, types, sources, and responses to cybercrime in India, using real-world examples to illustrate the crisis and the challenges in combating it.India has made strides to counter this growing menace through legislative and institutional measures. The Infor

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-, Rekha V. "The Role of Property Law in Regulating Digital Land Markets and Virtual Real Estate." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 7, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i01.36765.

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The emergence of digital land markets and virtual real estate has transformed traditional property law frameworks, raising novel legal, economic, and regulatory challenges. As digital assets become integral to the global economy, the application of property law principles to virtual real estate requires critical examination. This paper explores the role of property law in governing digital land transactions, ownership rights, and disputes within metaverse platforms such as Decentraland and The Sandbox. It examines whether conventional legal doctrines—such as possession, transfer, and easements

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KUMARI, HAPPY, and MAYUR MAHAJAN. "Unheard Voices: Rethinking Sexual Violence Laws through a Gender-neutral Lens." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 7, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.51765.

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Sexual violence is a grave violation of human dignity and bodily autonomy, yet the legal framework in India continues to view it through a narrow, gendered lens. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, which replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC), retains a female-centric definition of rape under Section 63, effectively excluding adult male and transgender victims from legal recognition. The repeal of Section 377, previously used in rare instances to prosecute non-consensual male-on-male sexual acts, has further created a legal vacuum for non-female survivors of sexual violence. This exclusion

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-, Mrinalini Singh. "A Comparative Analysis of Provisions Related to Offences Against Woman and Children Under The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in the Context of The Indian Penal Code, 1860." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 7, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i01.36458.

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There has been critical evaluation whether the new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 has genuinely taken cognizance of contemporary socio legal affairs to keep up pace with the prevailing societal circumstances or not. In the light of this fact, this paper evaluates some major provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and tries to analyse comparatively both laws so as to ascertain whether the new panel code is in fact an innovation or not.

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Thomas, Renjith. "BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4898463.

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Bhattacharya, Kaushik, Neela Bhattacharya, Aditya Shikar Bhattacharya, Vipul D. Yagnik, and Pankaj Garg. "“Liticaphobia” of Surgeons and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Act." Indian Journal of Surgery, November 21, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12262-024-04216-5.

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Singh, Priyamvada. "Offences Against Women and Children under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4973425.

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Singh, Vaishnavi, and Praveen Kumar. "A brief study on changes introduced by Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 7, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.41605.

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The criminal laws prevalent in India were a gift of the British and were made to exercise control over Indians. These laws were a decade old and despite of many amendments being made to the laws, they were yet not fit in the present circumstances so it became necessary to pass new criminal laws which would change the entire backdrop of the criminal laws in India . As a result three new criminal laws were passed and signed by President on 25Dec , 2023 and came into force on 1July , 2024 . The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 redefines the penal code, distinguishing between major and minor offenses a

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Pai, Satvik N., Madhan Jeyaraman, Naveen Jeyaraman, and Sankalp Yadav. "The New Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Laws: Progress or Pitfall for Doctors?" Cureus, September 22, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69925.

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Hegde, Prakyath Ravindranath, Yogender Malik, Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar, and Suresh Bada Math. "The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Act (BNSA) 2023: Implications for Forensic Psychiatry in India." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, October 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02537176241281465.

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