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Journal articles on the topic 'BHET'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Westover, Clarissa C., and Timothy E. Long. "Envisioning a BHET Economy: Adding Value to PET Waste." Sustainable Chemistry 4, no. 4 (2023): 363–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem4040025.

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Poly(ethylene terephthalate), the fifth most produced polymer, generates significant waste annually. This increased waste production has spurred interest in chemical and mechanical pathways for recycling. The shift from laboratory settings to larger-scale implementation creates opportunities to explore the value and recovery of recycling products. Derived from the glycolysis of PET, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) exhibits versatility as a depolymerization product and valuable monomer. BHET exhibits versatility and finds application across diverse industries such as resins, coatings,

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2

Shingwekar, Deepika, Helen Laster, Hannah Kemp, and Jay L. Mellies. "Two-Step Chemo-Microbial Degradation of Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Enabled by a Biomass-Waste Catalyst." Bioengineering 10, no. 11 (2023): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10111253.

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pollution has significant environmental consequences; thus, new degradation methods must be explored to mitigate this problem. We previously demonstrated that a consortium of three Pseudomonas and two Bacillus species can synergistically degrade PET in culture. The consortium more readily consumes bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), a byproduct created in PET depolymerization, compared to PET, and can fully convert BHET into metabolically usable monomers, namely terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG). Because of its crystalline structure, the ma

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3

Putisompon, Siraphat, Isti Yunita, Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto, and Ekasith Somsook. "Low-Cost Catalyst for Glycolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)." Key Engineering Materials 824 (October 2019): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.824.225.

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A low-cost process for the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was investigated in this work by the development of catalysts derived from food wastes for the glycolysis reaction of post-consumable waste of drinking bottles. Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) is obtained as a product from the glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts derived from shells were used in this reaction. The yield of bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) was obtained and the purity of BHET was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.

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4

Guo, Xiaonan, Jiayu Xin, Xingmei Lu, Baozeng Ren, and Suojiang Zhang. "Preparation of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol by selective hydrogenation of a waste PET monomer bis(2-hydroxyethylene terephthalate)." RSC Advances 5, no. 1 (2015): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra10783g.

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A new approach is developed for the preparation of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) by hydrogenation of bis(2-hydroxyethylene terephthalate) (BHET) obtained from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and the 100% conversion of BHET and 78% yield of CHDM were achieved.

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Yu, Yang, Guoliang Shen, Tie Jun Xu, et al. "Ti–Si composite glycol salts: depolymerization and repolymerization studies of PET." RSC Advances 13, no. 51 (2023): 36337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra07376a.

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In this study, a Ti–Si–ethylene glycol salt (Ti/Si–EG) was synthesized and used as a catalyst for the depolymerization of PET–ethylene glycol to form bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET), and catalysts for the resynthesis of PET by BHET.

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6

Mendiburu-Valor, Eider, Gurutz Mondragon, Nekane González, Galder Kortaberria, Arantxa Eceiza, and Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. "Improving the Efficiency for the Production of Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Terephtalate (BHET) from the Glycolysis Reaction of Poly(Ethylene Terephtalate) (PET) in a Pressure Reactor." Polymers 13, no. 9 (2021): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091461.

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The depolymerization process of PET by glycolysis into BHET monomer is optimized in terms of reaction temperature and time, by carrying out the process under pressure to be faster for reducing the energy required. Almost pure BHET has been obtained by working in a pressure reactor at 3 bar both at 220 and 180 °C after short reaction times, while for longer ones a mixture of oligomers and dimers is obtained. Depending on the potential application required, the obtention of different reaction products is controlled by adjusting reaction temperature and time. The use of a pressure reactor allows

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7

Castañeda-Calzoncit, Cesar E., Denis A. Cabrera-Munguia, Jesús A. Claudio-Rizo, Dora A. Solís-Casados, and Claudia M. López-Badillo. "Biocompatible Molybdenum Complexes Based on Terephthalic Acid and Derived from PET: Synthesis and Characterization." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology 06, no. 03 (2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2022.6304.

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Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-N

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8

Cesar, E. Castañeda-Calzoncit, A. Cabrera-Munguia Denis, A. Claudio-Rizo Jesús, A. Solís-Casados Dora, and M. López-Badillo Claudia. "Biocompatible Molybdenum Complexes Based on Terephthalic Acid and Derived from PET: Synthesis and Characterization." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology 6, no. 3 (2022): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2022.6304.

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Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N<sub>2 </sub>physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their <em>in vitro</em> biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup>) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional

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9

Yue, Qun Feng, Hua Guang Yang, Mi Lin Zhang, and Xue Feng Bai. "Metal-Containing Ionic Liquids: Highly Effective Catalysts for Degradation of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/454756.

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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste from local market was depolymerized by ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of metal-containing ionic liquids, and the qualitative analysis showed that the bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) was the main product in this process. Compared with other metal-containing ionic liquids, [Bmim]ZnCl3was considered the best catalyst in the glycolysis of PET. When the reaction temperature was 180°C, the conversion of PET reached 97.9% and the BHET was yielded to 83.3% within 5 h. At the same time, [Bmim]ZnCl3could be reused for six times without obvious decrea

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10

Siebert, Stefan, Johannes Berghaus, and Gunnar Seide. "Nucleating Agents to Enhance Poly(l-Lactide) Fiber Crystallization during Industrial-Scale Melt Spinning." Polymers 14, no. 7 (2022): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071395.

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The nucleating agent N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalamide (BHET) has promising effects on poly(l-lactide) (PLA) under quiescent conditions and for injection molding applications, but its suitability for industrial-scale fiber melt spinning is unclear. We therefore determined the effects of 1% and 2% (w/w) BHET on the crystallinity, tenacity, and elongation at break of PLA fibers compared to pure PLA and PLA plus talc as a reference nucleating agent. Fibers were spun at take-up velocities of 800, 1400 and 2000 m/min and at drawing at ratios of 1.1–4.0, reaching a final winding speed of 3600

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11

Zinchenko, O. Yu, N. S. Chebanov, and M. D. Shtenikov. "SCREENING OF MARINE SPORE-FORMING BACTERIA DEGRADING POLYMER MATERIALS." Microbiology&Biotechnology, no. 3(62) (December 20, 2024): 33–49. https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4663.2024.3(62).316747.

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The development of plastic recycling methods requires the search for new microorganisms capable of their biodegradation. The aim of the work was to screen spore-forming bacteria isolated from bottom sediments of the Black Sea for their ability to decompose Impranil and polyethylene terephthalate. Materials and methods. Cultivation of sixty cultures of spore-forming bacteria isolated from the Black Sea was carried out on a solid LB medium supplemented with Impranil (3–4 ml/l) or bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) (5 mM). The ability of cultures to decompose polymer additives was evaluated by

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12

Kim, Yonghwan, Minjun Kim, Jeongwook Hwang, Eunmi Im, and Geon Dae Moon. "Optimizing PET Glycolysis with an Oyster Shell-Derived Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology." Polymers 14, no. 4 (2022): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040656.

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste was depolymerized into bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) through glycolysis with the aid of oyster shell-derived catalysts. The equilibrium yield of BHET was as high as 68.6% under the reaction conditions of mass ratios (EG to PET = 5, catalyst to PET = 0.01) at 195 °C for 1 h. Although biomass-derived Ca-based catalysts were used for PET glycolysis to obtain BHET monomers, no statistical analysis was performed to optimize the reaction conditions. Thus, in this study, we applied response surface methodology (RSM) based on three-factor Box–Behnken d

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13

M., A. Del Ángel Hernández, B. Morales Cepeda A., E. De Alva Salazar H., and L. Rivera Armenta J. "Integración de reacciones de esterificación-glicolisis en reactor para el PET, con trazas de cloro contaminante." Coloquio de Investigación Multidisciplinaria 2020 8, no. 1 (2020): 1400–1405. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6387105.

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El cloruro de polivinilo en las etiquetas de las botellas de tereftalato de polietileno es un contaminante en el reciclaje terciario de las botellas. Una reacción de despolimerización de PET obtenida utilizando el precursor BHET. La reacción de glicólisis de PET se llevó a cabo en exceso de etilenglicol.Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo la reacción de glicólisis (etilenglicol y BHET), introduciendo únicamente ácido tereftálico. La formación de BHET se verificó usando FTIR, TGA y DSC. Por el método d

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14

Kim, Woojung, Eun Sun Kim, Geeho Min, et al. "Two-photon probes for pH: Detection of human colon cancer using two-photon microscopy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (2018): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.607.

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607 Background: In cancer cells, lysosomal pH decreases along with a concomitant increase in lysosomal volume and cathepsin expression levels. Lysosomes also play crucial roles in cancer progression following their release into the extracellular space. Since cancer cells invade a tissue by secreting degradative enzymes, the extracellular pH of tumor tissues becomes acidic. However, to date, there has been no report on the use of multi-photon microscopy (MPM) probes to image human colon cancer tissues. Methods: We have developed multi-photon (MP) pH-sensitive probes (BH-2 and BHEt-1) that exhib

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15

Cevher, Duygu, and Sedat Sürdem. "Polyurethane adhesive based on polyol monomers BHET and BHETA depolymerised from PET waste." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 105 (March 2021): 102799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102799.

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16

Begley, Timothy H., and Henry C. Hollifield. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Residual Reactants and Reaction By-Products in Polyethylene Terephthalate." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 3 (1989): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.3.468.

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Abstract A precipitation procedure and liquid chromatography (LC) were used to measure the residual reactants and reaction by-products in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymers and food packages. The polymer is dissolved in l,l,l,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol/methyIene chloride and then precipitated with acetone. The filtered solution is evaporated almost to dryness, and the concentrate is diluted with dimethylacetamide for LC analysis. Recoveries for terephthalic acid (TA), bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), and the PET cyclic trimer averaged 95,104, and 98%, respectively. The residua

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17

Palmay Paredes, Paúl Gustavo, Michele Cristina Alvarado Guilcapi, and Mishell Carolina Sánchez Rojas. "INFLUENCIA DEL TIPO DE CATALIZADOR EN EL RENDIMIENTO DE REACCIÓN DE GLUCÓLISIS DE POLI TEREFTALATO DE ETILENO (PET) POST-CONSUMO." Perfiles 1, no. 28 (2022): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47187/perf.v1i28.172.

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El politereftalato de etileno (PET) es un termoplástico de la familia de los poliéster no biodegradables, uno de los mejores métodos para la recuperación de residuos de polímeros es el reciclaje químico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue el reciclaje químico del PET a través de glucólisis catalizada para la obtención de Bis-2-hidroxietil-tereftalato (BHET), evaluando la acción catalítica de sustancias como Acetato de Zinc, Carbonato de Sodio y Óxido de Zinc, en condiciones de presión atmosférica, temperatura de 180-190°C, tiempo de dos horas y relación PET/EG de 1:3. La reacción se llevó a

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18

Jeya, Gopal, Murugan Anbarasu, Ravikumar Dhanalakshmi, Viswanathan Vinitha, and Vajiravelu Sivamurugan. "Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Wastes through Glycolysis using Lewis Acidic Bentonite Catalysts." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 1 (2019): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22387.

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In the present investigation, the authors explored the depolymerization of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) beverage bottles using glycolysis (transesterification) catalyzed by Al3+, Fe3+ and Zn2+ impregnated bentonite catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts such as clay, zeolite, alumina etc. preferred over homogeneous catalysts, thus we focused on the development of solid acid catalysts based on economically viable clay catalysts. The desired Lewis acidic nature was introduced by wet impregnation method at variable metal ion to clay ratio such as 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 wt. %. The

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19

Llerena Suster, Carlos R., Cynthia A. Fuentes, Jorge E. Sambeth, and Carla José. "Immobilization of the Lipase B from Candida antarctica on Urban Solid Waste." Catalysts 13, no. 10 (2023): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13101324.

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The adsorption of the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) over polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and derivatives, abundant components of urban solid waste (USW), was investigated. The characterization of the supports and biocatalysts synthesized by SEM-EDS and FTIR is presented. Two immobilization strategies were evaluated, conventional and total adsorption. The adsorbed protein was determined by Bradford and through high-resolution inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). In this sense, the adsorption of CALB in all the proposed supports was e

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20

Amundarain, Izotz, Sheila López-Montenegro, Laura Fulgencio-Medrano, et al. "Improving the Sustainability of Catalytic Glycolysis of Complex PET Waste through Bio-Solvolysis." Polymers 16, no. 1 (2024): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16010142.

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This work addresses a novel bio-solvolysis process for the treatment of complex poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste using a biobased monoethylene glycol (BioMEG) as a depolymerization agent in order to achieve a more sustainable chemical recycling process. Five difficult-to-recycle PET waste streams, including multilayer trays, coloured bottles and postconsumer textiles, were selected for the study. After characterization and conditioning of the samples, an evaluation of the proposed bio-solvolysis process was carried out by monitoring the reaction over time to determine the degree of PET

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Zhao, Linlin, Guoliang Shen, Ruiyang Wen, et al. "Optimization of operating conditions for the catalytic alcoholysis of waste PET for the synthesis of BHET by sunflower seed husk matrix materials." RSC Advances 15, no. 1 (2025): 207–15. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra07206e.

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22

A, Yasir, Khalaf A, and Khalaf M. "Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of polymeric resin (BHMET) from the reaction of malic anhydride with recycled PET as a corrosion inhibitor for Csteel in HCl." Innovaciencia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/2346075x.510.

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Introduction: The plastic soft drink bottle from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was introduced to consumers in 1970s. Because PET have ester group its chemical recycling is preferred. To control and reducethe environmental pollution recycling and reusing of PET has turned into an imperative procedure from the ecological perspective and it has given business opportunity because of far reaching use and accessibilityof PET polymer. Also another source of pollution to the environment was the corrosion of materials. Corrosion is the deterioration and loss of a material and its critical properties

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Park, Sang Uk, Hyeon Jeong Seo, Yeong Hyun Seo, et al. "Ductile Copolyesters Prepared Using Succinic Acid, 1,4-Butanediol, and Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate with Minimizing Generation of Tetrahydrofuran." Polymers 16, no. 4 (2024): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16040519.

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Poly(1,4-butylene succinate) (PBS) is a promising sustainable and biodegradable synthetic polyester. In this study, we synthesized PBS-based copolyesters by incorporating 5–20 mol% of –O2CC6H4CO2– and –OCH2CH2O– units through the polycondensation of succinic acid (SA) with 1,4-butanediol (BD) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). Two different catalysts, H3PO4 and the conventional catalyst (nBuO)4Ti, were used comparatively in the synthesis process. The copolyesters produced using the former were treated with M(2-ethylhexanoate)2 (M = Mg, Zn, Mn) to connect the chains through ionic int

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Fan, Chumeng, Lei Zhang, Chenxi Zhu, et al. "Efficient glycolysis of PET catalyzed by a metal-free phosphazene base: the important role of EG⁻." Green Chemistry 24, no. 3 (2022): 1294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc03885k.

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25

Zara, Zeenat, Deepti Mishra, Saurabh Kumar Pandey, et al. "Surface Interaction of Ionic Liquids: Stabilization of Polyethylene Terephthalate-Degrading Enzymes in Solution." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010119.

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The effect of aqueous solutions of selected ionic liquids solutions on Ideonella sakaiensis PETase with bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) substrate were studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations in order to identify the possible effect of ionic liquids on the structure and dynamics of enzymatic Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolysis. The use of specific ionic liquids can potentially enhance the enzymatic hydrolyses of PET where these ionic liquids are known to partially dissolve PET. The aqueous solution of cholinium phosphate were found to have the smallest effect of the

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Ravikumar, Dhanalakshmi, Jeya Gopal, and Sivamurugan Vajiravelu. "Closing the Loop on Polyester: A Green Approach to Chemical Recycling with Zn[L-Proline]2 Supported Kaolin Catalyst." Asian Journal of Chemistry 36, no. 12 (2024): 2772–82. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.32662.

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In present work, the depolymerization process utilizes kaolin-supported Zn[L-proline]2 (ZnP@K) as a recyclable Lewis acid catalyst, paving the way for the cost-effective production of recycled materials. The supported catalyst is characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction, SEM and BET analysis. The depolymerization of polyester textile waste, especially coloured threads, promoted by ZnP@K to yield more than 90% of monomers in pure form. In addition, irrespective of the colour of polyester threads, the process exhibited 100% conversion of polyester threads and obtained pure colourless monomers

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Liu, Yachan, Xiaoqian Yao, Haoyu Yao, et al. "Degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) catalyzed by metal-free choline-based ionic liquids." Green Chemistry 22, no. 10 (2020): 3122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc00327a.

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Glycolysis of PET is a prospective way for degradation of PET to its monomer bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) which can be polymerized again to form new qualified PET materials, and hence provides possibilities for a permanent loop recycling.

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Zhou, Lei, Enbo Qin, Hao Huang, Yuanyou Wang та Mingxin Li. "PET Glycolysis to BHET Efficiently Catalyzed by Stable and Recyclable Pd-Cu/γ-Al2O3". Molecules 29, № 18 (2024): 4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184305.

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Glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a prospective way for degradation of PET to its monomer bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), providing the possibility for a permanent loop recycling. However, most reported glycolysis catalysts are homogeneous, making the catalyst difficult to recover and contaminating the products. Herein, we reported on the Pd-Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and applied it in the glycolysis of PET as catalyst. The formed structure gave Pd-Cu/γ-Al2O3 a high active surface area, which enabled these micro-particles to work more efficiently. The PET conversion and BHET

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Hwang, Jisub, Wanki Yoo, Seung Chul Shin, et al. "Structural and Biochemical Insights into Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate Degrading Carboxylesterase Isolated from Psychrotrophic Bacterium Exiguobacterium antarcticum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (2023): 12022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512022.

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This study aimed to elucidate the crystal structure and biochemically characterize the carboxylesterase EaEst2, a thermotolerant biocatalyst derived from Exiguobacterium antarcticum, a psychrotrophic bacterium. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that EaEst2 belongs to the Family XIII group of carboxylesterases. EaEst2 has a broad range of substrate specificities for short-chain p-nitrophenyl (pNP) esters, 1-naphthyl acetate (1-NA), and 1-naphthyl butyrate (1-NB). Its optimal pH is 7.0, losing its enzymatic activity at temperatures above 50 °C. EaEst2 showed degradation activity toward b

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Zangana, K. H., A. Fernandez, and J. D. Holmes. "Simplified, fast, and efficient microwave assisted chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste." J. Clean Prod. 33 (November 25, 2022): 104588 (1–7). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7360499.

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The widespread adoption of chemical recycling of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is hampered by long reaction times, high energy consumption and the use of metal catalysts that are either toxic or cost prohibitive for industrial use. Herein, we report a simple PET glycolytic process that combines an environmentally friendly and cheap heterogenous catalyst, calcium oxide (CaO) with microwave irradiation to obtain the monomer bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), which can be easily separated by crystallisation. After the process optimisation, depolymerisation of PET waste was achieved i

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Chaimusik, Nutsuda, Natthaphong Sombuttra, Yeampon Nakaramontri, et al. "The comparative plastisphere microbial community profile at Kung Wiman beach unveils potential plastic-specific degrading microorganisms." PeerJ 12 (April 5, 2024): e17165. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17165.

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Background Plastic waste is a global environmental issue that impacts the well-being of humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Microplastic contamination has been previously reported at Kung Wiman Beach, located in Chanthaburi province along with the Eastern Gulf of Thailand. Our research aimed to study the microbial population of the sand and plastisphere and isolate microorganisms with potential plastic degradation activity. Methods Plastic and sand samples were collected from Kung Wiman Beach for microbial isolation on agar plates. The plastic samples were identified by Fourier-transf

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Alhussain Alzuhairi, Mohammed A. "Nano MgO catalyst for chemical depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 16, no. 36 (2018): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v16i36.33.

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This paper focuses firstly on the production of monomers bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and oligomers by using two different form of MgO light active and Nano Magnesium oxide with different weight ratio (0.15, 0.25 and 0.5) by using chemical recycling glass condenser at 190 ˚C. The second purpose is to study the effect of catalyst ratio, time of reaction and yield of products of the product. Elemental analysis for Carbon –Hydrogen and Nitrogen (CHN), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been investigated. Res

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Lu, Jing, Mengjuan Li, Yanyan Li, Xiaoqiang Li, Qiang Gao, and Mingqiao Ge. "Synthesis and sizing performances of water-soluble polyester based on bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate derived from depolymerized waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 4 (2018): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517750652.

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This work aimed at effective chemical recycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics into water-soluble polyester (WSP). For this, PET fabric waste was depolymerized using excess ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of zinc acetate as catalyst. The glycolysis product of PET, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) was then used to synthesize WSP by a three-step method, that is, transesterification, esterification and polycondensation. The structures of BHET and WSP were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectra. Sizing performances of WSP were studied, and it was found t

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Arcanjo, Ana P., Denisson O. Liborio, Santiago Arias, et al. "Chemical Recycling of PET Using Catalysts from Layered Double Hydroxides: Effect of Synthesis Method and Mg-Fe Biocompatible Metals." Polymers 15, no. 15 (2023): 3274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153274.

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The chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) residues was performed via glycolysis with ethylene glycol (EG) over Mg-Fe and Mg-Al oxide catalysts derived from layered double hydroxides. Catalysts prepared using the high supersaturation method (h.s.c.) presented a higher surface area and larger particles, but this represented less PET conversion than those prepared by the low supersaturation method (l.s.c.). This difference was attributed to the smaller mass transfer limitations inside the (l.s.c.) catalysts. An artificial neural network model well fitted the PET conversion and

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Li, Zeyang, Qiang Ren, Shan Mei, Wei Liu, Guangyi Zhou, and Baoning Zong. "Influence of Hexylene Glycol Terephthalate Chain Segments on the Crystallization and Thermal Properties of Polyamide 6." Polymers 17, no. 12 (2025): 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17121687.

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In this study, a poly [ε-caprolactam-co-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate] copolymer (P (CL-co-BHET)) was synthesized from para-terephthalic acid (PTA), ethylene glycol (EG), and caprolactam (CL). The crystallization behavior and thermal stability of the copolymer were thoroughly investigated. With the aid of molecular simulation, this study investigated the variation in interchain hydrogen bonding in the copolymer, focusing on the direction and the number of hydrogen bonds. The results revealed a close relationship between the copolymer chain structure, the variation in interchain hydrogen bo

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Wu, Pan, Zhishuai Li, Jian Gao, et al. "Characterization of a PBAT Degradation Carboxylesterase from Thermobacillus composti KWC4." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (2023): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020340.

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The large amount of waste synthetic polyester plastics has complicated waste management and also endangering the environment due to improper littering. In this study, a novel carboxylesterase from Thermobacillus composti KWC4 (Tcca) was identified, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized with various plastic substrates. Irregular grooves were detected on polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) film by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after Tcca treatment, and Tcca can also hydrolyze short–chain diester bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The optimal pH

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Abdullah, Mahmood M. S., Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, and Mohd Sajid Ali. "Performance of Plastic Waste-Based Polyionic Liquid toward the Dehydration of Crude Oil Emulsions." Advances in Polymer Technology 2023 (September 26, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3740956.

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used plastics in the world. Due to the large production and use of this plastic, its waste represents one of the most critical environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to convert PET waste into a valuable material. The consumed PET was transformed into a precursor to synthesize a polyionic liquid (PIL) that was used for dehydrating crude oil emulsions. To do so, the consumed PET was converted to bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). First, BHET and tetraethylene glycol were reacted separately with thionyl chloride, obta

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Zeng, Caiting, Fanghui Ding, Jie Zhou, Weiliang Dong, Zhongli Cui, and Xin Yan. "Biodegradation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) by Bacillus safensis YX8." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 22 (2023): 16434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216434.

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Due to the extensive utilization of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a significant amount of PET waste has been discharged into the environment, endangering both human health and the ecology. As an eco-friendly approach to PET waste treatment, biodegradation is dependent on efficient strains and enzymes. In this study, a screening method was first established using polycaprolactone (PCL) and PET nanoparticles as substrates. A PET-degrading strain YX8 was isolated from the surface of PET waste. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and gyrA genes, this strain was identified as Baci

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Saha, Kreesha, and Clark Gedney. "Impact of PETase’s Active Site Disulfide Bond on PET Biodegradation." Fine Focus 8, no. 1 (2022): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/ff.8.1.86-99.

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Plastic pollution is one of the largest problems globally, with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic as one of the main sources. Effective depolymerization of PET to its monomers for upcycling is a challenge. PETase is reported to be an effective enzyme for biodegradation of PET via C-O bond cleavage of ester linkage. The role of the disulfide bond, present in PETase’s active site sequence, is unknown in the cleavage of PET’s ester linkage. To understand the role of this bond, two separate versions of PETase – one containing the disulfide bond, and the other without the disulfide bond - we

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Sales, Julio Cesar Soares, Aline Machado de Castro, Bernardo Dias Ribeiro, and Maria Alice Zarur Coelho. "Post-Consumer Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Depolymerization by Yarrowia lipolytica: A Comparison between Hydrolysis Using Cell-Free Enzymatic Extracts and Microbial Submerged Cultivation." Molecules 27, no. 21 (2022): 7502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217502.

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Several microorganisms have been reported as capable of acting on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to some extent, such as Yarrowia lipolytica, which is a yeast known to produce various hydrolases of industrial interest. The present work aims to evaluate PET depolymerization by Y. lipolytica using two different strategies. In the first one, biocatalysts were produced during solid-state fermentation (SSF-YL), extracted and subsequently used for the hydrolysis of PET and bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET), a key intermediate in PET hydrolysis. Biocatalysts were able to act on BHET, yield

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Lalhmangaihzuala, Samson, Zathang Laldinpuii, Chhakchhuak Lalmuanpuia, and Khiangte Vanlaldinpuia. "Glycolysis of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Using Biomass-Waste Derived Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst." Polymers 13, no. 1 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010037.

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Plastic production has increased by almost 200-fold annually from 2 million metric tons per year in 1950s to 359 million metric tons in 2018. With this rapidly increasing production, plastic pollution has become one of the most demanding environmental issues and tremendous efforts have been initiated by the research community for its disposal. In this present study, we reported for the first time, a biomass-waste-derived heterogeneous catalyst prepared from waste orange peel for the depolymerisation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to its monomer, bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET).

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Li, Mengjuan, Jing Lu, Xiaoqiang Li, Mingqiao Ge, and Yonggui Li. "Removal of disperse dye from alcoholysis products of waste PET fabrics by nitric acid-modified activated carbon as an adsorbent: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 17-18 (2020): 2058–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520909510.

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Decolorization technology is a critical problem of high-quality chemical recycling and recovery of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textiles. In order to deal with this problem, nitric acid-modified activated carbon (AC-HNO3) was utilized as an adsorbent for removal of C.I. Disperse Red 60 (DR60) from the glycolysis products of waste PET fabrics. The glycolysis product was bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The pore structure and surface properties of AC and AC-HNO3 samples were characterized by N2 adsorption, differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) and elemental analyses

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Jehanno, Coralie, Irma Flores, Andrew P. Dove, Alejandro J. Müller, Fernando Ruipérez, and Haritz Sardon. "Organocatalysed depolymerisation of PET in a fully sustainable cycle using thermally stable protic ionic salt." Green Chemistry 20 (February 2, 2018): 1205–12. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC03396F.

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The world's plastic production is continuously and exponentially increasing, creating millions of tons of short-lived items that end as waste and accumulate in the environment. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) provides one of the best examples as it is a non-biodegradable polymer that is mainly used as raw material for a wide range of packaging applications, making degradation of PET a subject of great interest for researchers. Herein we report a sustainable process for the chemical recycling of PET from waste to a new polymer using an innovative protic ionic salt. Using a simple solvent-fre

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Chen, Fei Fei, Guang Hui Wang, Wei Li, and Feng Yang. "Kinetics of Glycolysis of Poly (ethylene Terephthalate) by Shrinking-Core Model." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.627.

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Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) wastes were depolymerised using excess ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of zinc acetate as transesterificaion catalyst. Influences of particle size, reaction temperature, weight ratio of ethylene glycol (EG) to PET and weight ratio of catalyst to PET on the yield of bis(hydroxyethyl terephthalate)(BHET) were investigated. The kinetics of glycolysis of PET in EG could be interpreted by the shrinking-core model of chemical reaction control, the activation energy of the glycolysis was 133 KJ/mol. The glycolysis product was analyzed and identified by FTIR an

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Xu, Ting, Dan Zhao, Yan Mao Dong, Liao Yu Wei, Guang Ai Zhu, and Ming Yu Gu. "Preparation of HTLcs from Magnesium Desulfurization Residues and their Catalytic Performance in Degradation of Waste Polyester." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 1463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.1463.

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To recycle the solid wastes, the hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLcs) were prepared from the magnesia flue gas desulfurization residues (MFGDR). The HTLcs as prepared and the products from degradation of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) , x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) , fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. Effects of calcining temperature and alkaline of solution on the structure and performance of HTLcs were studied. The main product of alcoholysis of PET was bis-hydroxyethy

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Capeletti, María Rosa, and Francisco Javier Passamonti. "Optimization of reaction parameters in the conversion of PET to produce BHET." Polymer Engineering & Science 58, no. 9 (2017): 1500–1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24720.

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Tincu, Robert, Andrei Slabu, Cristina Stavarache, Monica-Mirela Duldner, Emeric Barth, and Florina Teodorescu. "Metal-containing Ionic Liquids as Catalyst in PET Glycolysis." Materiale Plastice 59, no. 3 (2022): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.22.3.5612.

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Metal-containing ionic liquids with general formula [Rmim]+MX3- (R=n-butyl or n-lauryl; M=Zn, Cd; X=Cl, Br) were synthesised and then characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic activity was tested in glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with ethylene glycol (EG) with the main product being bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET). The following parameters were varied: the catalyst type, the catalyst loading and the molar ratio between PET and EG. For every reaction conversion and selectivity were calculated. All these reactions

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48

León-Martínez, P. A. De, F. Soriano-Corral, C. A. Ávila-Orta, et al. "Surface Modification of nTiO2/Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles Using Microwave-Assisted Polymerization in the Presence of Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7079497.

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Titanium dioxide doped silver (nTiO2/Ag) nanoparticles were surface-modified by microwave-assisted polymerization of 2-bis-(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The modified and unmodified nanoparticles were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, TGA, and TEM. A thin layer of grafted PET on the surface of the nanoparticles was observed and quantified by TGA giving a value of 40 wt-%. XRD and electron diffraction analyses showed traces of AgO2 after the modification. The bactericide activity of modified and unmodified nanoparticles was evaluated; the presence of the thin layer of grafted-PET on the nTiO2/Ag did

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Xin, Guoying, Bin Sun, Wei Wang, et al. "In-Situ Formation of BHET/Titanium Compound Nanocomposite and its Catalysis for Polyester." Macromolecular Symposia 254, no. 1 (2007): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200750827.

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Abdullah, Mahmood M. S., Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, and Ayman M. Atta. "Fabrication of New Demulsifiers Employing the Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate and their Demulsification Efficiency for Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions." Molecules 26, no. 3 (2021): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030589.

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Two novel amphiphilic polyethylene amine terephthalate have been prepared via the glycolsis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The product, bis (2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET), was converted to the corresponding dialkyl halide, bis(2-chloroethyl) terephthalate (BCET), using thionyl chloride (TC). This dialkyl compound was used for alkylation of dodecyl amine (DOA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) or pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) to form the corresponding polyethylene amine terephthalate, i.e., DOAT and DOAP, respectively. Their chemical structure, surface tension, interfacial tension (

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