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Journal articles on the topic 'BHK-21 cell'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Yin, Peiqi, and Margaret Kielian. "BHK-21 Cell Clones Differ in Chikungunya Virus Infection and MXRA8 Receptor Expression." Viruses 13, no. 6 (2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13060949.

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Baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells are widely used to propagate and study many animal viruses using infection and transfection techniques. Among various BHK-21 cell clones, the fibroblast-like BHK-21/C-13 line and the epithelial-like BHK-21/WI-2 line are commonly used cell clones for alphavirus research. Here we report that BHK-21/WI-2 cells were significantly less susceptible to primary infection by the alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) than were BHK-21/C-13 cells. The electroporation efficiency of alphavirus RNA into BHK-21/WI-2 was also lower than that of BHK-21/C-13. The growth of CH

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2

Shahsavandi, Shahla, Mohammad Majid Ebrahimi, Shahin Masoudi, and Hasan Izadi. "Expression of Factor X in BHK-21 Cells Promotes Low Pathogenic Influenza Viruses Replication." Advances in Virology 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/675921.

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A cDNA clone for factor 10 (FX) isolated from chicken embryo inserted into the mammalian cell expression vector pCDNA3.1 was transfected into the baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cell line. The generated BHK-21 cells with inducible expression of FX were used to investigate the efficacy of the serine transmembrane protease to proteolytic activation of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) with monobasic cleavage site. Data showed that the BHK-21/FX stably expressed FX after ten serial passages. The cells could proteolytically cleave the HA of low pathogenic avian influenza virus at multiplicity of inf

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3

Park, Soonyong, Ji Yul Kim, Kyoung-Hwa Ryu, et al. "Production of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Antigen Using Suspension-Adapted BHK-21 Cells in a Bioreactor." Vaccines 9, no. 5 (2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050505.

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The baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cell line is a continuous cell line used to propagate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus for vaccine manufacturing. BHK-21 cells are anchorage-dependent, although suspension cultures would enable rapid growth in bioreactors, large-scale virus propagation, and cost-effective vaccine production with serum-free medium. Here, we report the successful adaptation of adherent BHK-21 cells to growth in suspension to a viable cell density of 7.65 × 106 cells/mL on day 3 in serum-free culture medium. The suspension-adapted BHK-21 cells showed lower adhesion to five ty

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Arju, Safeth, Samsun Nahar, Most Rawshan Ara, et al. "Determination of TCID50 of O, A, Asia-1 serotypes foot-and-mouth disease virus to the production of trivalent vaccine in bioreactor." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 8, no. 2 (2022): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v8i2.59507.

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This research work was designed to ensure the production of quality Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccine. For ensuring the standard quality of vaccine, it is important to propagate the FMD Virus (FMDV) into the cell line. Tissue Culture Infective Dose50 (TCID50) assay was used to determine the biological titer of FMD virus serotypes. Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (BHK-21) Monolayer cell and BHK-21 Clone 13 Suspension cell were used to determine the TCID50 of FMDV. The result for calculating TCID50 under Monolayer cell showed that the highest biological titer of O, A, Asia-1 serotype were 10-9.83/ml,

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5

Quddus, MR, ML Hossen, MMR Chowdhury, et al. "RT-PCR based detection and adaptation of foot and mouth disease virus serotype A in BHK-21 cell line." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 1 (2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i1.27542.

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The economic consequences of an outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Bangladesh is devastating. A sensitive, reliable and rapid diagnosis is crucial for the effective control of FMD. The present research was conducted for quick molecular detection and adaptation of FMD virus (FMDV) in BHK-21 (Baby Hamster Kidney) cell line. A two-step RT-PCR method was applied for the detection of the FMDV. Without prior adaption into BHK-21 cell culture, it is difficult to detect FMDV directly from the field samples by RT-PCR method. Samples were collected from the tongue epithelium (N=19) and inter di

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6

Simoni, Isabela Cristina, Maria Judite Bittencourt Fernandes, Renata Marconi Custódio, Alda Maria Backx Noronha Madeira, and Clarice Weis Arns. "Susceptibility of cell lines to avian viruses." Revista de Microbiologia 30, no. 4 (1999): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37141999000400015.

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The susceptibility of the five cell lines - IB-RS-2, RK-13, Vero, BHK-21, CER - to reovirus S1133 and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV vaccine GBV-8 strain) was studied to better define satisfactory and sensitive cell culture systems. Cultures were compared for presence of CPE, virus titers and detection of viral RNA. CPE and viral RNA were detected in CER and BHK-21 cells after reovirus inoculation and in RK-13 cell line after IBDV inoculation and with high virus titers. Virus replication by production of low virus titers occurred in IB-RS-2 and Vero cells with reovirus and in BHK-21 cel

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7

Zeng, Yu-Jing, Min-Kung Hsu, Chiao-An Tsai, Chun-Yen Chu, Hsing-Chieh Wu, and Hsian-Yu Wang. "A Senescence-Like Cellular Response Inhibits Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Proliferation." Vaccines 9, no. 6 (2021): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060601.

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During industrial-scale production of viruses for vaccine manufacturing, anti-viral response of host cells can dampen maximal viral antigen yield. In addition to interferon responses, many other cellular responses, such as the AMPK signaling pathway or senescence-like response may inhibit or slow down virus amplification in the cell culture system. In this study, we first performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the whole-genome mRNA transcriptome and found a senescence-like cellular response in BHK-21 cells when infected with bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). To demonstrate that this se

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8

Harvey, Yongjie, Ben Jackson, Brigid Veronica Carr та ін. "An Improved αvβ6-Receptor-Expressing Suspension Cell Line for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Production". Viruses 14, № 3 (2022): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030621.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in large parts of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and South America, where outbreaks in cloven-hooved livestock threaten food security and have severe economic impacts. Vaccination in endemic regions remains the most effective control strategy. Current FMD vaccines are produced from chemically inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) grown in suspension cultures of baby hamster kidney 21 cells (BHK-21). Strain diversity means vaccines produced from one subtype may not fully protect against circulating disparate subtypes, necessitating the development of

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Schickli, Jeanne H., Larissa B. Thackray, Stanley G. Sawicki, and Kathryn V. Holmes. "The N-Terminal Region of the Murine Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Is Associated with the Extended Host Range of Viruses from Persistently Infected Murine Cells." Journal of Virology 78, no. 17 (2004): 9073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.17.9073-9083.2004.

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ABSTRACT Although murine coronaviruses naturally infect only mice, several virus variants derived from persistently infected murine cell cultures have an extended host range. The mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) variant MHV/BHK can infect hamster, rat, cat, dog, monkey, and human cell lines but not the swine testis (ST) porcine cell line (J. H. Schickli, B. D. Zelus, D. E. Wentworth, S. G. Sawicki, and K. V. Holmes, J. Virol. 71:9499-9507, 1997). The spike (S) gene of MHV/BHK had 63 point mutations and a 21-bp insert that encoded 56 amino acid substitutions and a 7-amino-acid insert compared to the

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10

Escarmís, Cristina, Elisa C. Carrillo, Marcela Ferrer, et al. "Rapid Selection in Modified BHK-21 Cells of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Variant Showing Alterations in Cell Tropism." Journal of Virology 72, no. 12 (1998): 10171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.12.10171-10179.1998.

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ABSTRACT With persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in BHK-21 cells, there is coevolution of the cells and the resident virus; the virulence of the virus for the parental BHK-21 cells is gradually increased, and the cells become partially resistant to FMDV. Here we report that variants of FMDV C3Arg/85 were selected in a single infection of partially resistant BHK-21 cells (termed BHK-Rb cells). Indirect immunofluorescence showed that the BHK-Rb cell population was heterogeneous with regard to susceptibility to C3Arg/85 infection. Infection of BHK-Rb cells with C3Arg/85 resulted in an

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11

Song, Xiangdong, Shiyu Tao, Fanglan An, et al. "Application of 12C6 Heavy Ion-Irradiated BHK-21 Cells in Production of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine." Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 2 (2025): 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020167.

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FMD poses a significant threat to animal husbandry and public health security. This study aims to investigate an innovative method for producing FMD vaccines. Wild-type BHK-21 cells were subjected to heavy ion irradiation. Following the optimization of irradiation parameters, the mutant cell line BHK-7 was selected using the limited dilution method. The concentration of FMDV 146S in the BHK-7 cells was markedly elevated, significantly enhancing FMDV replication. The suspension culture and domestication experiments demonstrated that BHK-7 exhibited characteristics like those of the control BHK-

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12

Ovchinnikov, A. V., G. V. Borisevich, A. I. Terent’ev, et al. "Optimization of Vaccine Virus Accumulation in the Development of Smallpox Drugs Based on Cell Cultures." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2019-1-107-112.

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Objective. Optimization of vaccine virus cultivation in the suspended cell culture BHK-21 for infectious activity increment of virus-containing suspension as the base material for smallpox vaccine preparations. Materials and methods. We used suspended culture line of the cells BHK-21 of 72-hour age and nutrient medium of the MEM type in accordance with the guidelines on preparation in our studies. For challenging of the cells, vaccine virus (strain B-51) was used. The virus was adapted through three consequent passages on horion-allantois shell of developing chicken embryos of commercial dermo

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13

Brill, G., N. Vaisman, G. Neufeld, and C. Kalcheim. "BHK-21-derived cell lines that produce basic fibroblast growth factor, but not parental BHK-21 cells, initiate neuronal differentiation of neural crest progenitors." Development 115, no. 4 (1992): 1059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.115.4.1059.

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We present evidence that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-producing cells stimulate primary differentiation of neurons from neural crest progenitors. Baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells were stably cotransfected with plasmid pSV2/neo, which contains the gene conferring resistance to the neomycin analog G418 and expression vectors containing the human bFGF cDNA. Various clones, which differed in their bFGF production levels, were isolated. Homogeneous neural crest cells were cultured on monolayers of bFGF-producing, BHK-21-derived cell lines. While the parental BHK-21 cells, which do not pr

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14

Nédellec, Patrick, Patrick Vicart, Christine Laurent-Winter, Cécile Martinat, Marie-Christine Prévost, and Michel Brahic. "Interaction of Theiler’s Virus with Intermediate Filaments of Infected Cells." Journal of Virology 72, no. 12 (1998): 9553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.12.9553-9560.1998.

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ABSTRACT Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus is a neurotropic murine picornavirus which replicates permissively and causes a cytopathic effect in the BHK-21 cell line. We examined the interactions between the GDVII and DA strains of Theiler’s virus and BHK-21 host cell proteins in a virus overlay assay. We observed binding of the virions to two proteins of approximately 60 kDa. These proteins were microsequenced and identified as desmin and vimentin, two main components of the intermediate filament network. The association between desmin or vimentin and virions was demonstrated by immunop

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15

Kim, Dohyun, Sun Young Park, Gyeongmin Lee, et al. "Calcium Chloride Treatment Enhances Antigen Production in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines for Serotypes SAT1 and SAT3." Vaccines 12, no. 3 (2024): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030231.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection causing acute and severe vesicular lesions in cattle and pigs, which has prompted global vaccination policies. This study presents a technique for enhancing antigen yield in SAT1 BOT and SAT3 ZIM by treatment with calcium chloride (CaCl2). We tested changes in cell viability in BHK-21 suspension cells treated with varying concentrations of CaCl2. The optimal CaCl2 concentration was determined based on antigen yield. The timing of CaCl2 supplementation relative to FMD virus inoculation was tested. Finally, the optimal medium fo

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16

GULYAZ, VELI, BANU BAYRI OZBILGE, NESLIHAN TASCENE, et al. "Toxicity level of the tulathromycin on BHK cell culture and the effect on infective titers of foot and mouth disease viruses." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 11 (2020): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6474.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of tulathromycin (macrolide antibiotic) on BHK-21 An30 cells and to determine the effect on FMD (Serotypes; A/TUR/11, O/TUR/07, Asia-1/TUR/15) virus propagation in vitro. In the result of MTT tests and cell culture studies, the non-toxic upper concentration of the tulathromycin limit for BHK-21 An30 cell culture was determined as 30 µg/ml in terms of cell morphologies and numbers. The mean FMD 146S virus particle values produced in BHK-21 An30 cell cultures containing 30 µg/ml of tulathromycin were found to be 0.47, 0.57 and 0.25 µg/ml; the

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Shubina, V. S., M. B. Abramova, V. P. Lavrovskaya, L. L. Pavlik, E. I. Lezhnev, and D. A. Moshkov. "Ultrastructure of BHK-21 cells treated with dopamine." Cell and Tissue Biology 4, no. 1 (2010): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x10010104.

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Ramadamayati, Aanisah, Muhammad Yanuar Ichrom Nahzi, and Agung Satria Wardhana. "EFFECT OF KARAMUNTING LEAF EXTRACT (Melastoma malabathricum) ON THE PROLIFERATION OF BABY HAMSTER KIDNEY-21 (BHK-21) FIBROBLAST CELLS." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 7, no. 1 (2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v7i1.13102.

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Background: Pulpitis is an inflammation of dental pulp due to infection of microorganisms from dental caries. Pulpitis is clinically divided into reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Treatment of reversible pulpitis can be done by applying a pulp capping material. The use of calcium hydroxide as a pulp capping material is still not optimal, so an alternative material is needed, namely karamunting leaf (Melastoma malabathricum). The secondary metabolites in karamunting leaf extract have antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity is needed in the regeneration of pulp tissue. Purpose: To ana

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Okeke, Malachy Ifeanyi, Øivind Nilssen, and Terje Traavik. "Modified vaccinia virus Ankara multiplies in rat IEC-6 cells and limited production of mature virions occurs in other mammalian cell lines." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 1 (2006): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81479-0.

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Recombinant viruses based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) are vaccine candidates against infectious diseases and cancers. Presently, multiplication of MVA has been demonstrated in chicken embryo fibroblast and baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells only. The multiplication and morphogenesis of a recombinant (MVA-HANP) and non-recombinant MVA strain in BHK-21 and 12 other mammalian cell lines have now been compared. Rat IEC-6 cells were fully permissive to MVA infection. The virus yield in IEC-6 cells was similar to that obtained in BHK-21 cells at low as well as high multiplicities of infe

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Kanitz, Fabio Adriano, Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti, Rudi Weiblen, Helena Beatriz de Carvalho Ruthner Batista, and Eduardo Furtado Flores. "Virus isolation in cell culture for confirmatory diagnostic of rabies in bovine specimens." Ciência Rural 45, no. 12 (2015): 2193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141690.

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ABSTRACT: This study investigated the suitability of virus isolation (VI) in mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2A) and baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) as a confirmatory test for diagnosis of bovine rabies. Fourty-eight brain samples from cattle suspected of rabies were initially submitted to fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT) for routine diagnostic. Subsequently, these specimens were submitted to three protocols of VI in each cell line: a single 24h or 72h passage (T1, T2), or three 48h passages (T3). The FAT and MIT combined detected 32/48 positive samples, from whi

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Meilena, Tiara, Januar Cidie Fabiansyah, Eha Djulaeha, and Hanoem Eka Hidayati. "Toxicity Test on Taro Leaf Extract (Colocasia Esculenta L. Schoot) as Mouthwash to BHK-21 Fibroblast Cell Culture in Denture Users." Indonesian Journal of Dental Medicine 1, no. 1 (2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijdm.v1i1.2018.35-39.

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Background: One of requirements for a material to be used in dentistry is that the material must be non toxic and non irritant, as well as have biocompatibility properties, not triggering a detrimental effect on the biological environment, both locally and systemically. The first-line tests that must be conducted is in vitro tests, one of which is MTT Assay. Samples used in this research were fibroblast cells (cultured BHK-21 cells) since fibroblasts are the most important and largest components in pulp, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. Purpose: This research aimed to determine toxicity effe

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Bhardwaj, Anuj, S. Sukaton, Anggi Puspitasari, and Widya Saraswati. "The Difference of The Effects of Conventional Flowable Composite and Self-Adhering Flowable Composite on BHK-21 Fibroblast Cells." Conservative Dentistry Journal 8, no. 2 (2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v8i2.2018.123-129.

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Background: One type of composite resin material on the market is flowable composites (FC) which has low viscosity, can be applied to areas with low stress or require good penetration such as pit and fissure sealants, restoration of class II, class III, and class V. Along with technology development, self-adhering flowable composite (SAFC) material has been developed which shorten the applications time because it combines etch, priming, and bonding in one system. The incomplete composite polymerization process can release residual monomers which affect pulp and gingiva The effects of composite

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Ismiyatin, Kun, Leidy Herlin Rumbiak, Widya Saraswati, Sri Kunarti, and Anuj Bhardwaj. "Effect of 405 nm Diode Laser with Varying Irradiation Time on BHK-21 Fibroblast Viability." Conservative Dentistry Journal 9, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v9i1.2019.13-18.

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Background: Laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation; it can be used for surgery, detoxification, bio stimulation and antibacterial. However, lasers have Biphasic Dose Response (BDR), which is bio stimulation and bio inhibition. To determine if 405 nm laser diode is biocompatible, viability test is necessary before these lasers can be labeled as viable to use in dental therapy. Aim: To prove the variation of radiation time of the 405 nm laser diode radiation can cause bio stimulation and bio inhi

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Brandão, Paulo Eduardo, Beatriz Alcântara Leite, and Sueli Akemi Taniwaki Miyagi. "Evolution of Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) in BHK-21 and VERO cells." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 57, no. 2 (2020): e166086. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.166086.

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Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) infects a range of tissues in chickens and several other avian species. Although the virus can be isolated in chicken embryos, only a few strains of the 6 genotypes/33 lineages can grow in cell lines, with the Beaudette strain (GI-1 lineage) being the most used for in vitro studies. Considering the differences between cell lines and chicken embryos as habitats for AvCoV, this study aimed to assess the diversity of the genes coding for the nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) and spike envelope protein (S) after serial passages in BHK-21 and Vero cells. After 14 passages of

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Aradaib, Imadeldin E., Geoffery Y. Akita, James E. Pearson, and Bennie I. Osburn. "Comparison of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Virus Isolation for Detection of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Clinical Samples from Naturally Infected Deer." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7, no. 2 (1995): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879500700205.

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We compared our recently reported reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for detection of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in clinical samples with different virus isolation (VI) procedures. Thirty-six blood samples and 1 spleen sample from deer were assessed by the EHDV PCR assay and VI in baby hamster kidney (BHK)-21 cells and embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). The EHDV PCR assay detected EHDV RNA from 6 blood samples obtained from deer during 1988–1989 outbreaks of epizootic hemorrhagic disease and from the spleen and blood samples of a deer with clinical h

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Underwood, P. A., and F. A. Bennett. "A comparison of the biological activities of the cell-adhesive proteins vitronectin and fibronectin." Journal of Cell Science 93, no. 4 (1989): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.93.4.641.

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The effects of vitronectin and fibronectin upon the attachment and growth of bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCE) and BHK-21 cells were compared. Similar dose-response curves for cell attachment to the substratum were obtained for both molecules and both cell types, although BCE cells exhibited a slight preference for vitronectin, and BHK cells for fibronectin. When, however, cells were plated in medium containing bovine serum stripped of fibronectin, they attached and grew normally, whereas in medium containing serum stripped of vitronectin, cells either failed to attach (BHK-21) or attache

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Doronin, M. I., M. N. Guseva, D. V. Mikhalishin та ін. "Studies of biological properties of continuous suspension ВНК-21/SUSP/ARRIAH cell line". Veterinary Science Today, № 3 (17 серпня 2021): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2021-3-38-230-238.

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The results of the studies of cytomorphological, karyological, cultural properties of continuous suspension ВНК-21/SUSP/ARRIAH subline of newborn Syrian hamster kidney cells intended for foot-and-mouth disease, rabies, bovine parainfluenza-3, Aujeszky’s disease virus reproduction, as well as for production of diagnostic veterinary biologicals are presented. When cultured in suspension, BHK-21/SUSP/ARRIAH cell subline undergoes selection towards hypoploidy: modal class is represented by cells with 41 chromosomes (32–40% of cells); the share of cells containing 40–42 chromosomes is 78–80%; the s

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Sukran, Yilmaz, Turan Akay Mehmet та Unal Nilay. "The Relationship Between Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A and Expression of α-v-β3 Integrin receptor in Suspended BHK-21 Cells". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 4, Sep & Oct 2020 (2020): 07–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4286781.

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<em>Infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is initiated by binding to cellular receptor molecules of the integrin family. Integrin αvβ3 has been identified as one of the RGD-binding integrins. The aim of this study is the determination of αvβ3 integrin receptor expression variations during subsequent passages of BHK-21 suspension cell cultures on the A-type FMDV quality. Anchorage dependent BHK-21 cells were adapted to grow in submerged system suspension cell culture, and with subsequently cultivated for 40 serial passages in the bioreactor. During this period,

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Haque, Md Enamul, Mohammed Ferdousur Rahman Khan, Marzia Rahman, Md Tanvir Rahman, Sukumar Saha, and Md Bahanur Rahman. "Development of BHK-21 Cell line Adapted Inactivated Newcastle Disease Vaccine." Microbes and Health 3, no. 1 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v3i1.19729.

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The present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from the outbreak of layer farms for the development of BHK-21 cell adapted inactivated vaccine. A total of 6 dead birds were brought to the laboratory from the outbreak area from which 18 samples (trachea, liver and brain from each) were collected. Among them 3 samples were found positive for NDV through chicken embryo inoculation followed by HA test. The MDT, ICPI, IVPI of all isolates was 54.4, 1.56, and 2.20 respectively which revealed that the field isolates were velogenic. The isolated viruses were

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Sendow, Indrawati. "Isolation of bluetongue serotypes 1, 6 and 21 from insects in West Java." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 7, no. 4 (2015): 272–79. https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v7i4.1103.

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Bluetongue virus is one of arbovirus diseases which is transmitted by insects, Culicoides spp. Insect collection wasconducted weekly from 1991 to 1993 and forthnightly from 1993 to 1997 in West Java using Pirbright-type miniature light trapin to phosphate buffered saline for identification and viral isolation. A total of 1155 pools of insects were inoculated intoembryonated chicken eggs before passaging in a mosquito cell line and three times blind passages in BHK-21 cells. Fourteenpools of insects produced cytopathic effect in BHK-21 cells. Four of the infected BHK-21 cells reacted in the ant

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van der Ven, P. F., J. W. Bartsch, M. Gautel, H. Jockusch, and D. O. Furst. "A functional knock-out of titin results in defective myofibril assembly." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 8 (2000): 1405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.8.1405.

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Titin, also called connectin, is a giant muscle protein that spans the distance from the sarcomeric Z-disc to the M-band. Titin is thought to direct the assembly of sarcomeres and to maintain sarcomeric integrity by interacting with numerous sarcomeric proteins and providing a mechanical linkage. Since severe defects of such an important molecule are likely to result in embryonic lethality, a cell culture model should offer the best practicable tool to probe the cellular functions of titin. The myofibroblast cell line BHK-21/C13 was described to assemble myofibrils in culture. We have now char

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Brown, Collis, Sonya Sobrian, and Tamaro Hudson. "448 Establishing the efficacy of naturally occurring endocannabinoid-like substance in an in vitro model of Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXT/AS)." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 7, s1 (2023): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2023.475.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: FXT/AS is a devastating, rare neurological syndrome that negatively impacts movement and cognition and is suspected to induce mitochondria dysfunction. Currently, no effective pharmacological treatments for FXTAS exist. The goal is to restore mitochondrial viability using endocannabinoid-like compounds in a cell culture model of FXTAS. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To establish a cell model of mitochondrial dysfunction, fibroblast baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cell lines were treated with glucose oxidase (GluOx) at varying concentrations and times. Mitochondrial viability was asse

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Liao, Ching-Len, Yi-Ling Lin, Shih-Cheng Shen, et al. "Antiapoptotic but Not Antiviral Function of Humanbcl-2 Assists Establishment of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Persistence in Cultured Cells." Journal of Virology 72, no. 12 (1998): 9844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.12.9844-9854.1998.

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ABSTRACT Upon infection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were killed by a mechanism involved in apoptosis. While readily established in a variety of cell lines, JEV persistence has never been successfully instituted in BHK-21 and CHO cells. Since stable expression of humanbcl-2 in BHK-21 cells has been shown to delay JEV-induced apoptosis, in this study we investigated whether JEV persistence could be established in such cells. When constitutively expressing bcl-2, but not its closest homolog,bcl-XL , following a primary l

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Zhang, Lei, Mingsheng Li, Zhongren Ma, and Yuping Feng. "Synthesis of DEAE-Soybean Starch Microspheres for Adhere Animal Cell Culture." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 8 (2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n8p91.

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The present study outlines the synthesis of a new microcarrier for anchorage-dependent animal cell cultures. The new microcarriers were synthesized from the cross-linking soybean starch microspheres followed by modification with 2-diethylaminoethyl (DEAE). Furthermore, 5 g/100 mL of wet microspheres DEAE-soybean starch microspheres were applied in the adhere cell culture, with an inoculation density 2.0 × 105 cells/mL of BHK-21, Marc-145, and MDCK cells. The cells were shown to grow well in the DEAE-soybean starch microcarrier, with BHK-21 cells showing a higher cell density after 144 h (2.5 ×

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Wang, Jingjing, Dongjie Chen, Fang Wei, et al. "Generation of Stable Cell Lines Expressing Akabane Virus N Protein and Insight into Its Function in Viral Replication." Pathogens 12, no. 8 (2023): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081058.

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Akabane virus (AKAV) is a world wide epidemic arbovirus belonging to the Bunyavirales order that predominantly infects livestock and causes severe congenital malformations. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of AKAV possesses multiple important functions in the virus life cycle, and it is an ideal choice for AKAV detection. In this study, we successfully constructed two stable BHK-21 cell lines (C8H2 and F7E5) that constitutively express the AKAV N protein using a lentivirus system combined with puromycin selection. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the AKAV N gene was integrated into the BHK-21 cell g

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Ullah, Md Ahsan, Md Najmol Hoque, Khondoker Md Nasiruddin, Md Bahanur Rahman, and Farjana Rauf. "Molecular detection and adaptation of FMD virus serotype type O in BHK-21 cell line by RT-PCR." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 9, no. 2 (2023): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v9i2.65418.

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One of the viral diseases affecting both domestic and wild animals in many countries around the world is foot and mouth disease (FMD). The livestock sector has been suffering significant financial losses for many years as a result of the disease. The present research work was focused on the isolation, documentation and serotyping of the Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus from different locations. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the FMD virus (FMDV) serotype-O that is currently circulating in the BHK-21 cell line. All the tested samples were positive

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Adetunji, Shakirat A., Dmitriy Smolensky, Dana N. Mitzel, et al. "In Vitro Infection Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Established Porcine Cell Lines." Pathogens 10, no. 11 (2021): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111468.

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne pathogen that regularly causes severe neurological disease in humans in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region. Pigs are one of the main amplifying hosts of JEV and play a central role in the virus transmission cycle. The objective of this study was to identify in vitro cell systems to investigate early effects of JEV infection including viral replication and host cell death. Here, we demonstrate the susceptibility of several porcine cell lines to the attenuated genotype III JEV strain SA14-14-2. Monolayers of porcine nasal

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Kumari, Swati, Rahul Singh, P. A. Desingu, P. K. Ray, G. Taru Sharma, and G. Saikumar. "Immunocytochemistry assay in BHK-21 cell line infected with Porcine Sapelovirus." Cytotechnology 71, no. 3 (2019): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10616-019-00315-4.

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Kirchhoff, Sabine, Andrea Kr�ger, Helder Cruz, et al. "Regulation of cell growth by IRF-1 in BHK-21 cells." Cytotechnology 22, no. 1-3 (1996): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00353934.

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Werdiningsih, Monika, Ira Widjiastuti, Febriastuti Cahyani, and Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum. "Biocompatibility of 0,78% tannin of garciniamangostanalinnpericarp extract and 0,2% chlorhexidinegluconateagainst BHK-21 fibroblast cells culture." Conservative Dentistry Journal 10, no. 1 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v10i1.2020.36-39.

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Background.Chlorhexidinegluconate is one of endodontic irrigants potential due to its antibacterial activity. Although it is an effective antibacterial agent, chlorhexidinegluconate cannotdissolve organic substances and necrotic tissue present in the root canal. In addition, same as other chemicals, chlorhexidinegluconate also cause a cytotoxic effect. Tannin extracts of mangosteenpericarp (Garciniamangostana Linn.) demonstrated various biological activities including antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory. Tannin extracts of mangosteenpericarp can be considered as an alt

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Doronin, M. I., D. A. Lozovoy, V. V. Pronin, et al. "Miramistin effect on BHK-21 and PSGK-30 cell line proliferation and FMD virus reproduction in these cells." Veterinary Science Today, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2020-1-32-17-24.

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At present, Miramistin drug (benzyldimethyl [3-(myristoylamino) propyl] ammonium chloride monohydrate), which has a broad bactericidal effect, is used in veterinary practice. This antiseptic is active against most viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. According to toxicometric parameters, Miramistin is classified as a low-hazard substance. Use of cell structures as test systems for assessing the toxicity of pharmacological substances instead of conventional tests on experimental animals allows us to better clarify the possible mechanism of the effect of the investigated substance

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Fibi, MR, P. Hermentin, JU Pauly, L. Lauffer, and G. Zettlmeissl. "N- and O-glycosylation muteins of recombinant human erythropoietin secreted from BHK-21 cells." Blood 85, no. 5 (1995): 1229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v85.5.1229.bloodjournal8551229.

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Single-site glycomuteins of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEpo) were constructed and transiently and stably expressed in BHK-21 cells. The transient expression levels varied among muteins, being highest for mutein rhuEpoGln24 followed by wild-type rhuEpo (rhuEpowt). All other glycomuteins, including rhuEpoGln38, rhuEpoGln83, rhuEpoThr126, and rhuEpoGly126, were secreted at lower levels than rhuEpowt. Muteins expressed in stable cell lines showed similar differences in expression levels. Also each mutein could be affinity-purified from culture supernatants, and was biologically active in

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Chagas, Generoso M., Annibal P. Campello, Ma Lúcia W. Kluppel, and Ma Benigna M. Oliveira. "Citrinin affects the oxidative metabolism of BHK-21 cells." Cell Biochemistry and Function 13, no. 4 (1995): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290130407.

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Ellenberg, Paula, Florencia N. Linero, and Luis A. Scolaro. "Superinfection exclusion in BHK-21 cells persistently infected with Junín virus." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 10 (2007): 2730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83041-0.

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We characterized a persistently Junín virus (JUNV)-infected BHK-21 cell line obtained by experimental infection with the XJCl3 strain. This cell line, named K3, produced low levels of virus in supernatants which were not influenced by the presence of defective interfering (DI) particles after the first year of infection. K3 cells were able to exclude superinfection of the homologous JUNV and the antigenically related Tacaribe virus (TCRV), whereas the non-related arenaviruses lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and Pichinde virus (PICV) could replicate normally. Although superinfecting v

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Webster, W. A., and K. M. Charlton. "The apparent infection of NA-C1300 cell cultures by nucleocapsid material of the Canadian Arctic strain of rabies virus." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 8 (1989): 811–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-135.

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Murine neuroblastoma (NA-C1300) and baby hamster kidney (BHK-21/C13) cell cultures were infected with the Canadian Arctic strain of rabies virus. Subcultures were passed following incubation for 3 to 4 days at 35 °C. The supernatant fluids from the BHK cultures demonstrated increasing infectivity in both NA and BHK cells concomitantly with an increase in the number of parent cells staining with an anti-glycoprotein stain. On the other hand, the supernatant fluids from the NA cultures initially showed higher infectivity in NA cells than in BHK cells. This feature was related to a low production

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Leippert, Martina, and Eberhard Pfaff. "Foot-and-mouth disease virus can utilize the C-terminal extension of coxsackievirus A9 VP1 for cell infection." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 7 (2001): 1703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-7-1703.

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is known to employ the conserved Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) tripeptide located on the variable βG–βH loop of the VP1 capsid protein for binding to cells. Coxsackievirus A9 (CAV9) also carries an RGD sequence, but on a short C-terminal extension of its VP1 and in a different amino acid context. This apparent relationship raised the question of whether insertion of the heterologous CAV9 sequence into FMDV would influence infection by the genetically modified FMDV. Four VP1 mutants were generated by PCR mutagenesis of a full-length FMDV cDNA plasmid. After transfection

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Charyadie, Arlita Gladys Tricia, Aprilia Aprilia, and Widyastuti Widyastuti. "Bioviability of Mangrove Leaves Extract (Sonneratia alba) on Fibroblast BHK-21 Cell Culture." DENTA 11, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/denta.v11i2.92.

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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Dental caries is a major oral health problem which is most commonly found in Indonesia. One of the main factors in role of causing dental caries is Streptococcus mutans which is the primary target of the prevention of caries. Leaf extract of Sonneratia alba has<br />been proven to have an antimicrobial effect towards Streptococcus mutans, but its cytotoxic activity on normal cells is still unknown. The initial cell viability in this study was conducted using cell line BHK-21. <strong>Purpose:</strong> The aim of this study is

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Ding, Lin, David M. Brown, and John I. Glass. "Rescue of Infectious Sindbis Virus by Yeast Spheroplast-Mammalian Cell Fusion." Viruses 13, no. 4 (2021): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040603.

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Sindbis virus (SINV), a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that causes mild symptoms in humans, is transmitted by mosquito bites. SINV reverse genetics have many implications, not only in understanding alphavirus transmission, replication cycle, and virus-host interactions, but also in biotechnology and biomedical applications. The rescue of SINV infectious particles is usually achieved by transfecting susceptible cells (BHK-21) with SINV-infectious mRNA genomes generated from cDNA constructed via in vitro translation (IVT). That procedure is time consuming, costly, and relies heavily on

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Yao, Xiaohui, Qikai Yin, Danhe Hu, et al. "In Vitro Infection Dynamics of Wuxiang Virus in Different Cell Lines." Viruses 14, no. 11 (2022): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112383.

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Wuxiang virus (WUXV) is a newly discovered Bunyavirales transmitted by sandflies. It is found to infect humans and chickens and can cause neurological symptoms and even death in mice. However, the susceptibility of different hosts and tissue-derived cells to this virus is unclear. In this study, we examined cells derived from murine (BHK-21, N2A), human (HEK-293T, SH-SY5Y), dog (MDCK), pig (PK-15), monkey (Vero), and chicken (DF1), which were inoculated with WUXV at 0.05 MOI, and monitored for monolayer cytopathic effect (CPE). Culture supernatants and cells were collected from 0 to 96 h post-

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Hertzler, Shannon, Mark Trottier, and Howard L. Lipton. "Selection and characterization of a BHK-21 cell line resistant to infection by Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus due to a block in virus attachment and entry." Journal of General Virology 81, no. 10 (2000): 2485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-10-2485.

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A clonal population of BHK-21 cells resistant to infection with the low-neurovirulence BeAn strain of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) was derived after four cycles of infection and characterized. These cells were resistant to both low- and high-neurovirulence TMEV strains due to a block in virus attachment and entry and not in virus replication, since transfection of these cells with TMEV RNA to bypass the entry step(s) induced virus replication and assembly. The resistance to infection was stable for more than a year, suggesting that it is a heritable property arising from a m

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