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Journal articles on the topic 'Bhojpuri language'
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1
Baudh, Prashant Kumar. "National Consciousness in Bhojpuri Folk Literature." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2022.v09i02.010.
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Bhojpuri is the most widely spoken language of India. Its folk literature is equally extensive and inexhaustible. There is no consensus on its Bhojpuri nomenclature, but most scholars tell it to be related to 'Bhojpur' village of Ara (Bhojpur) division under the present Vihar province - 'Old Bhojpur' in Bhojpur pargana near Buxar in Shahabad district of Vihar province. There is a village called Now the name Bhojpur is used for the nearby villages named "New Bhojpur" and "Old Bhojpur". Although all the voices of consciousness are visible in Bhojpuri folk-literature, but in Bhojpuri folk-literature the distinctive color of the voices of national consciousness is visible.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
भोजपुरी भारत की सर्वाधिक विस्तार वाली विभाषा है। इसका लोक साहित्य भी उतना ही विस्तृत और अगाध है। इसके भोजपुरी नामकरण पर मतैक्य नहीं मिलता, किन्तु अधिकांश विद्वान इसे वर्तमान विहार प्रान्त के अन्तर्गत ‘‘आरा (भोजपुर) प्रमण्डल के ‘भोजपुर’ ग्राम से संबंद्ध बताते है- विहार प्रान्त के शाहाबाद जिले में बक्सर के पास भोजपुर परगना में ‘पुराना भोजपुर’ नामक ग्राम है। अब भोजपुर नाम ‘‘ नया भोजपुर’’ और ‘‘पुराना भोजपुर’’ नामक पास-पास बसे ग्रामों के लिए व्यवहत होता है। यूं तो भोजपुरी लोक-साहित्य में चेतना के सभी स्वर दिखाई पड़ते है परन्तु भोजपुरी लोक-साहित्य में राष्ट्रीय चेतना के स्वरों का विशिष्ट रंग दिखाई पड़ता है।
Keywords: भोजपुरी, लोक-साहित्य, राष्ट्रीय चेतना।
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Mundotiya, Rajesh Kumar, Manish Kumar Singh, Rahul Kapur, Swasti Mishra, and Anil Kumar Singh. "Linguistic Resources for Bhojpuri, Magahi, and Maithili: Statistics about Them, Their Similarity Estimates, and Baselines for Three Applications." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3458250.
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Corpus preparation for low-resource languages and for development of human language technology to analyze or computationally process them is a laborious task, primarily due to the unavailability of expert linguists who are native speakers of these languages and also due to the time and resources required. Bhojpuri, Magahi, and Maithili, languages of the Purvanchal region of India (in the north-eastern parts), are low-resource languages belonging to the Indo-Aryan (or Indic) family. They are closely related to Hindi, which is a relatively high-resource language, which is why we compare them with Hindi. We collected corpora for these three languages from various sources and cleaned them to the extent possible, without changing the data in them. The text belongs to different domains and genres. We calculated some basic statistical measures for these corpora at character, word, syllable, and morpheme levels. These corpora were also annotated with parts-of-speech (POS) and chunk tags. The basic statistical measures were both absolute and relative and were expected to indicate linguistic properties, such as morphological, lexical, phonological, and syntactic complexities (or richness). The results were compared with a standard Hindi corpus. For most of the measures, we tried to match the corpus size across the languages to avoid the effect of corpus size, but in some cases it turned out that using the full corpus was better, even if sizes were very different. Although the results are not very clear, we tried to draw some conclusions about the languages and the corpora. For POS tagging and chunking, the BIS tagset was used to manually annotate the data. The POS-tagged data sizes are 16,067, 14,669, and 12,310 sentences, respectively, for Bhojpuri, Magahi, and Maithili. The sizes for chunking are 9,695 and 1,954 sentences for Bhojpuri and Maithili, respectively. The inter-annotator agreement for these annotations, using Cohen’s Kappa, was 0.92, 0.64, and 0.74, respectively, for the three languages. These (annotated) corpora have been used for developing preliminary automated tools, which include POS tagger, Chunker, and Language Identifier. We have also developed the Bilingual dictionary (Purvanchal languages to Hindi) and a Synset (that can be integrated later in the Indo-WordNet) as additional resources. The main contribution of the work is the creation of basic resources for facilitating further language processing research for these languages, providing some quantitative measures about them and their similarities among themselves and with Hindi. For similarities, we use a somewhat novel measure of language similarity based on an n-gram-based language identification algorithm. An additional contribution is providing baselines for three basic NLP applications (POS tagging, chunking, and language identification) for these closely related languages.
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S., Mishra,, and Chaudhari, M. "Why Maithili Cinema is Struggling Hard to Find Its True Identity: a Critical Study." CARDIOMETRY, no. 24 (November 30, 2022): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.24.686691.
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When people ignore their cinema, there is a danger of disappearance of it with the times. At such bad times for Maithili Cinema, it is worth struggling for this small regional language cinema through academic discussions. Despite having its diverse art and literature, Maithili cinema strives hard to tackle all those indifferences. People and government are solely responsible for this directionless journey of Maithili cinema, and the ignorance is majorly coming from their cultural etiquettes. The ignorance on the part of the government adds an unfamiliar condition for the cinema to sustain itself independently in Bihar. This study explores the root causes of the suffering of Maithili Cinema in its land and the financial discrimination between Bhojpuri language Cinema and Maithili language Cinema. Maithili Cinema is badly influenced by Bhojpuri Cinema in terms of content, losing its originality and independent identity. As the researcher did not find any scholarly documentation regarding Maithili Cinema, this fresh research is undertaken using a qualitative research methodology taking in-depth interviews of the experts in Maithili society.
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शेर्पा Sherpa, दावा Dawa. "नेपालको सन्दर्भमा प्रयुक्त बहुभाषिक कक्षा शिक्षण सम्भाव्यताको अध्ययन {Feasibility Study of Multilingual Class Teaching in Nepalese Context}." Bikasko Nimti Shiksha (विकासको निम्ति शिक्षा) 27, no. 1 (July 18, 2024): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bns.v27i1.66453.
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प्रस्तुत लेख उद्देश्यमूलक गुणात्मक अध्ययन ढाँचामा तयार गरिएको छ । भाषा प्रयोक्ताका दृष्टिले नेपाल बहुभाषिक राष्ट्र हो । नेपालमा बोलिने १२४ वटा मातृभाषामध्ये एक लाखभन्दा बढी वक्ताहरूले बोल्ने एक्काइसवटा भाषाहरूमा कोशी प्रदेशका १०९ मातृभाषीमा क्रमश: नेपाली, मैथिली र लिम्बू, मदेस प्रदेशका ६२ मातृभाषीमा मैथिली, भोजपुरी र बज्जिका, वागमती प्रदेशका १०९ मातृभाषीमा नेपाली, तामाङ र नेपाल भाषा, गण्डकी प्रदेशका ७४ मातृभाषीमा क्रमश: नेपाली, मगर र गुरुङ, लुम्बिनी प्रदेशका ६८ मातृभाषीमा नेपाली, अवधि र थारू, कर्णाली प्रदेशका ४९ मातृभाषीमा नेपाली, खस र मगर र सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशका ७४ मातृभाषीमा नेपाली, डोटेली र थारू मातृभाषी वक्ताहरू पाइएका छन् । कोशी प्रदेशका १०५ दोस्रो भाषीमा नेपाली, मैथिली र बान्तवा, मदेस प्रदेशका ६८ दोस्रो भाषीमा नेपाली, मैथिली र भोजपुरी, बागमती प्रदेशका १०० दोस्रो भाषीमा नेपाली, तामाङ र नेपाल भाषा, गण्डकी प्रदेशका ७२ दोस्रो भाषीमा क्रमश: नेपाली, तामाङ र मगर, लुम्बिनी प्रदेशका ६४ दोस्रो भाषीमा नेपाली, अवधि र थारू कर्णाली प्रदेशका ३८ दोस्रो भाषीमा नेपाली, मगर र उर्दू र सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशका ५० दोस्रो भाषीमा नेपाली, डोटेली र थारू दोस्रो भाषी वक्ताहरू पाइएका छन् । बहुभाषिक कक्षाका शिक्षणका लागि मैथिली, भोजपुरी, अवधी, लिम्बू, मगर र नेवारी मातृभाषीका कक्षा १ देखि १२ सम्मका पाठ्यक्रम तयार भएका छन् । यी मातृभाषी र दोस्रो भाषी वक्ताहरूले प्रदेशगत रूपमा आफ्नो मातृभाषा र दोस्रो भाषा नेपाली तथा उच्च शिक्षा अध्ययनको माध्यम अङ्ग्रेजी भाषासमेतको गर्दा नेपालको भाषानीति बहुभाषिक हुनु आवश्यक छ । {The present article has been prepared in a purposive qualitative study design. Nepal is a multilingual country in terms of language users. Of the 124 mother tongues spoken in Nepal, twenty-one languages are spoken by more than one lakh speakers. Among the 109 mother tongues spoken in Kosi Province, Nepali, Maithili and Limbu are the languages spoken by more than one lakh speakers; among the 62 mother tongues spoken in Madhes Province, the languages spoken by more than one lakh speakers are Maithili, Bhojpuri and Bajjika. Similarly, among 109 languages spoken in Bagmati Province Nepali, Tamang, and Nepal Bhasa; among 74 mother tongues spoken in Gandaki Province, Nepali, Magar, and Gurung; among 68 mother tongues spoken in Lumbini Province, Nepali, and Tharu; out of 49 mother tongues spoken in Karnali Province, Nepali; Khas and Magar; and out of 74 mother tongues spoken in Sudurpashchim Province, Nepali, Doteli and Tharu are the languages spoken by more than one lakh speakers. Similarly, Nepali, Maithili, and Bantwa are found to be spoken as second languages in Koshi Province; Nepali, Maithili, and Bhojpuri in Madhesh Province; Nepali, Tamang, and Nepal Bhasha in Bagmati Province; Nepali, Tamang, and Magar in Gandaki Province; Nepali, Awadhi, and Tharu in Lumbini Province; Nepali, Magar, and Urdu in Karnali Province; and Nepali, Doteli, and Tharu are found to be spoken as second languages in Sudurpashchim Province. Maithili, Bhojpuri, Awadhi, Limbu, Magar, and Newari mother tongues have been prepared for classes 1 to 12 for teaching in multilingual classes. Since the mother tongue of these native and second language speakers is Nepali and the second language as well as the medium of higher education is English, there is a need to make Nepal's language policy multilingual.}
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Mohan, Peggy, and Paul Zador. "Discontinuity in a Life Cycle: The Death of Trinidad Bhojpuri." Language 62, no. 2 (June 1986): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414675.
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Kumar, Akshaya. "The libidinal economy of vernacularisation: modernity, sexuality and Bhojpuri media." Media, Culture & Society 43, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443721994543.
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The last two decades have witnessed a notable proliferation of media industries producing low-budget digital films and music videos. These media industries routinely stage a confrontation between modernity and a fantasy of pure cultural traditions. The bulk of their content deploys the male star as an extraordinary crossover figure – the only one capable of bringing modernity and its vernacular outsides on the negotiating table. Drawing upon the trajectory of Bhojpuri media industry – referring to the language spoken in parts of eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar – this paper discusses, via Bruno Latour, the fundamental discord at the heart of modernity. I argue that the libidinal economy has emerged as a narrative simplification of the purifying imperative of modernity, haunted as it is by the concurrent hybridizing force-field.
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Jayaram, N. "The Dynamics of Language in Indian Diaspora: The Case of Bhojpuri/Hindi in Trinidad." Sociological Bulletin 49, no. 1 (March 2000): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920000103.
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Stump, Gregory T. "Morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of inflectional morphology, syntax and semantics." Morphology and its interfaces 37, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.37.2.07stu.
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The morphosyntactic property set associated with the syntactic node occupied by a word form is not invariably identical to the property set determining that word form’s inflection, as evidence from Bhojpuri, Turkish, Sanskrit and Hua shows. The difference between syntactic property sets and their corresponding morphological property sets may be represented as a property mapping relating two different kinds of paradigm: a lexeme L’s content paradigm specifies the range of property sets with which L may be associated in syntax ; its form paradigm specifies the (sometimes distinct) property sets that determine L’s inflectional realization. Thus, a language’s inflectional morphology doesn’t merely specify the realization of paradigm cells: it also specifies the sometimes nontrivial linkage of content with form at the interface of syntax and semantics with morphology.
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Baker, Philip. "Review of Mesthrie (1991): Language in indenture. A sociolinguistic history of Bhojpuri-Hindi in South Africa." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.9.1.24bak.
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Singh, Ravi. "Interpreting Culture, Society and Space: Folk Music Perspective." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i1.919.
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Cultural Geography per se is one of the marginal sub-disciplines of Geography in India and contributed mainly by practitioners from other disciplines like Anthropology, Sociology, Cultural Studies, Architecture, etc. Due to this reason, the sub-fields of Cultural Geography did not grow in this land of rich cultural heritage and traditions. One such field is the Geography of Music. The objective of this brief editorial note is to demonstrate the potential of folk music as a source of knowing the changing trends and patterns in society, culture, and economy and their spatiality. The examples cited are mainly from the Middle Ganga Valley, a region in which Bhojpuri is the language of the common populace, in which the author is currently based.
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Pokhrel, Mohan Mani. "Responsive pedagogy for multi-lingual classroom." Sotang, Yearly Peer Reviewed Journal 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sotang.v2i1.47608.
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In this paper I explore the concept of diversity in the classroom. Diversity means difference in terms of race, language, age, faith, culture, ethnicity, and in other aspects. Nepal is a multicultural and multi lingual country. Where more than 123 languages are spoken. Such as Nepali, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Newari, Abadhi etc National language is Nepali in Nepal. Social structure is also different from society to society. There are racially different people. The main are Bramhin, Chhettri, Rai, Gurung,Tamang, Magar, Tharu, Newar and others who caste live here. There are mainly ten types of religious categories reported in the census 2011 A. D. The large number of people are followed by Hindu. Whereas Hinduism is followed by (81.3%), Buddhism (9%), Islam (4.4%) and so on. Nepal has been diversified in terms of ethnicity, religion, traditions and culture. People respect the national feeling of unity in diversity. Nepal is multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-lingual society so there are diversity in the classroom. In this paper I explore the diversity in the classroom and students' achievement. In this paper I have introduced multicultural education, cultural responsive pedagogy and student achievement. The conclusion of this study is responsive pedagogy address and support to the student's achievement in diverse classroom.
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Das, Basudevlal. "The Bajanama Inscription of Jagatasena." Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 2 (June 30, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v2i1.8276.
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The Sena dynasty was established in Nepal after its downfall in Bengal. The Senas were orthodox Hindus. The kingdom of Makawanpur was ruled by the kings of Sena dynasty. Janakpur was situated within its territory. The condition of Janaki Temple Monastery of Janakpur became pitiable and the monk called the king for the betterment of the monastery. But the state was unable to do, so the Bajanama, a kind of desistance paper, was given in 1733 AD. This paper is written to thirough lights on the matters of economic condition of the state, the official language which is a mixed form of Hindi, Bhojpuri and Urdu words and the writing of script Nagari. Academic Voices, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2012, Pages 1-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v2i1.8276
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Verma, Harish. "CLASSICAL EXPERIMENT IN CINE MUSIC." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 1SE (January 31, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i1se.2015.3404.
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Indian films cannot be imagined without music. The hallmark of Indian cinema is its vibrant music. Indian films, whether they are in any language (ie Hindi, Tamil, Bengali, Marathi, Telugu, Kannada or Malayalam), music predominates. Music is their basic element in films made in regional dialects like Bhojpuri, Rajasthani, Bandeli, Chhattisgarhi etc. Most of the films in India are made in Hindi language which are popular all over the world. Hence, we will discuss about Indian films by keeping Hindi films at the center.
संगीत के बिना भारतीय फिल्मों की कल्पना भी नहीं की जा सकती। भारतीय सिनेमा की पहचान उसका सषक्त संगीत ही है। भारतीय फिल्में चाहे वे किसी भी भाषा (अर्थात् हिन्दी, तमिल, बंगाली, मराठी, तेलुगु, कन्नड़ या मलयालम) की हों, संगीत उनमें प्रमुख होता है। क्षेत्रीय बोलियों जैसे भोजपुरी, राजस्थानी, बंुदेली, छत्तीसगढ़ी आदि में बनने वाली फिल्मों में तो संगीत ही उनका मूल तत्व होता है। भारत में सर्वाधिक फिल्में हिन्दी भाषा में बनती हैं जो विश्व भर में लोकप्रिय होती हैं। अतः आगे हम भारतीय फिल्मों की चर्चा हिन्दी फिल्मों को केन्द्र में रखकर ही करेंगे।
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Satyanath, Shobha. "Rajend Mesthrie Language in indenture: A sociolinguistic history of Bhojpuri-Hindi in South Africa. London & New York: Routledge, 1992. Pp. xvii, 325." Language in Society 23, no. 4 (September 1994): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500018248.
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Chaurasia, Rameshwar Nath, Abhishek Pathak, Smriti Singh, Deepika Joshi, and Vijay Nath Mishra. "Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Participants with Regular Intake of Lathyrus, But No Spastic Paraparesis." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 09, no. 01 (January 2018): 011–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_305_17.
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ABSTRACT Background and Purpose: Neurolathyrism is now a disease of the past and also the causative agent, Lathyrus sativus (Khesari Pulse or keerai in Local Hindi and Bhojpuri language) has now been proven to be harmless and has become part of the usual diet. Materials and Methods: The population at risk was screened and studied for demography, economic status, knowledge about Khesari pulse, awareness about so-called harmful effects of Khesari pulse intake in humans, and the effects of ban of Khesari pulse on the population which is using Lathyrus (Khesari) as a major source of pulse since the past 4 years through a questionnaire of three pages. Results: Nearly 97% of total screened population totally fed on Khesari pulse as their major source of food and we did not found a single case of primary walking difficulty. We did find three cases of poststroke paralysis, a case of post-GBS lower limb weakness, and a case of recurrent myelitis as a part of questionnaire-based study and then followed by personally examining the patients to confirm the diagnosis. Conclusion: Khesari pulse if consumed in smaller quantities as a part of a normal mixed diet, its nutritional values can be optimally utilized.
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Paras Duhan. "Origin of Brahmi Script from Logographic Elements: An Analysis." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 5 (September 5, 2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.5.4.
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When it comes to language and literature, the richness of a culture can only be comprehended via reading and listening. Brahmi is believed to have been responsible for the script of all northern Indian languages except for Urdu. The result of a lengthy and tedious process. There are currently over 200 different languages and dialects spoken throughout India. Some are extensively employed, while others are only found in a single location of the country or planet. Only twenty-two of these amendments has made it into the text of our country's founding constitution. In addition to Braj Bhasha, Avadhi who is spoken in the Oudh region, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, and Maithili which is spoken in Mithila, Rajasthani who is spoken in Rajasthan, and Khadi Boli which is spoken around Delhi. A substantial number of people speak Hindi in its various forms. Another script, known as Brahmi, was also established in the region during this period and was used throughout India and the rest of South Asia at the same time.
Even though historians, archaeologists, and epigraphists have been interested in Brahmi Script for centuries, the script's varied forms, structures, and typographical peculiarities as an alphabet have been mostly overlooked and never examined. Within the scope of this paper, we shall look at the origins of the Brahmi script as a type of logography. Historical appreciation for the distinct anatomical symmetry and phonetic logic of the Brahmi script exists. This has led some outsiders to think that it is an import, yet a consensus has developed over time. "Brahmi" is no longer thought to be a stolen script, but rather an Indigenous one that developed over time. Brahmi is a typographic entity that is basic yet graceful, bold yet lyric, distinct yet easy to recall, symmetrical with decent legibility even when scaled-down, and generally easy to recognise when touched on with closed eyes as a typographic entity. Brahmi is a typeface with a wide range of distinct features. This study investigates the history of the Brahmi script as a logographic element.
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Shah, Bijendra, Shubhangi Kamble, Bishun D. Patel, and Shiv Mangal Prasad. "Glimpses of Chandranighantu of Nepal: An Appraisal." Healer 1, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51649/healer.4.
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Introduction: Chandranighantu is a handwritten manuscript of Ayurveda about 250 years ago in Nepal by a well-known Vaidhya at that time of King Chandra Shamsher. It was believed that the dynasty brought to publish the manuscript with his name as Chandranighantu. It was completed in total of ten volume containing more than 900 medicinal plants and 200 minerals and metals which were available in Nepal only. Till date 5 volumes have been translated into Nepali and English language keeping the original along with; and published by Government of Nepal, but many stakeholders of Ayurveda especially Dravyaguna scholars are still unware of it worldwide. Hence, it was attempted to highlight its importance among Ayurveda scholars, researchers and practitioners. The aim of this documentation is to explore glimpses of Chandranighantu of Nepal and propagate its uniqueness regarding explanation of medicinal plants in the editions as well as handmade manuscripts with colour sketches. Methods: Singhadurbar Vaidykhana Vikas Samiti (SDVKVS), Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal published the Chandranighantu (Volume I) in 2012 A.D., as a primary resource material. It was reviewed and glimpses or peculiarities have been compiled, critically analysed and presented in this work. Results: Chandranighantu has been written after Bhava Prakash Nighantu because most of the references have been taken from Raj nighantu, Kaidev nighantu, Madanpal nighantu and Bhava Prakash Nighantu It has been written in 10 volumes comprising 8 volumes with descriptions of medicinal plants and 2 volumes with descriptions of minerals and animal products. In this work, the first volume of the Chandranighantu has been reviewed that includes total 99 medicinal plants describing synonyms and their properties and actions. The prime peculiarities of this nighantu is addition of local and nepali name and the style of narration of medicinal plants along with very fine handmade colourful sketches of the plants including habitat, root, stem, leaves, fruits, flowers in ints natural colour, clearly differentiating its parts as well as types, which is helpful in proper identification of the plants. This style of description of colourful plants is not found in any other nighantu. This nighantu has found to be taken the basis of pre-existing nighantus such as Dhanwantarinighantu, Rajnighantu, Madanpalnighantu, Kaidev nighantu, Bhavaprakash nighantu and others including lexicons like Amarkosha. Synonyms of plants have been given in different languages like Nepali, Newari, Avadhi, Bhojpuri, Marathi, Bengali, Hindi etc. along with Sanskrit. Conclusion: This nighantu is the evidence of modern era history of medicinal plants use in the Ayurveda. This nighantu is written with the unique style of narration of medicinal plants by synonyms, properties and actions along with colourful sketches. The present critical review recommends scholars, academician, researchers and medicinal plants related experts of recent sciences to explore the hidden knowledge of botany, pharmacognosy, pharmacology and therapeutic uses into gaining deeper perspicuity benefitting the ailing humanity
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Gautam, Bhim Lal. "Sociolinguistic survey of Nepalese languages." Language Ecology 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.19004.gau.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper presents a close inspection of the research conducted with a sociolinguistic survey of Nepalese languages developed by Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LiNSuN) Project (2008–2018). The paper provides an overview of the linguistic situation of Nepal with brief outlines of various linguistic surveys in different times. It also examines the various sociolinguistic surveys (SLS) and their implications. Through a reflection of my personal engagement in various activities of the surveys, e.g. Kaike (Regmi 2012), Bhojpuri and Awadhi (Thakur and Regmi 2013), Khadiya (Dahal and Yadava 2014), Gangai (Gautam and Thakur 2014) and Thulung (Gautam and Sapkota 2014), Aathpahariya (Regmi 2015) and Tharu (Yadav 2015), Limbu (Gautam and Thakur 2016), and Dhuleli (Prasai and Regmi 2017) and Lohwa (Gautam 2017), and quantitative information available in the literature, it is concluded that previous surveys have mainly focused on sociolinguistic features and have disregarded the ethnolinguistic characteristics.
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Winer, Lise. "Indic Lexicon in the English/Creole of Trinidad." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 79, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2005): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002499.
Full textAbstract:
Examines the contemporary lexical component of the English/Creole of Trinidad (TEC) that is derived from languages of India. Author focuses on the TEC as spoken among Indo-Trinidadians, but also pays attention to Indic words used in the TEC of Afro-Trinidadians and other groups. Author sketches the history of Indian immigration into Trinidad, explaining how most came from the Bihar province in northern India and spoke Bhojpuri, rather than (closely related) Hindi, and how in the 20th c. Indian languages were replaced by English with education. She further focuses on retained Indic words incorporated in current-day TEC, and found 1844 of such words in usage. She discusses words misassigned locally as Indian-derived, but actually from other (European or African) languages. Then, she describes most of the Indo-TEC lexicon, categorizing items by their semantic-cultural domain, with major domains for Indian-derived words: religious practice, music, dance and stickfighting, food preparation, agriculture, kinship, and behaviour or appearance. Further, the author discusses to what degree Indic words have been mainstreamed within the non-Indian population of Trinidad, sometimes via standard English, sometimes directly assimilated into TEC, and made salient through the press or street food selling.
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Winer, Lise. "Indic Lexicon in the English/Creole of Trinidad." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 79, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2008): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002499.
Full textAbstract:
Examines the contemporary lexical component of the English/Creole of Trinidad (TEC) that is derived from languages of India. Author focuses on the TEC as spoken among Indo-Trinidadians, but also pays attention to Indic words used in the TEC of Afro-Trinidadians and other groups. Author sketches the history of Indian immigration into Trinidad, explaining how most came from the Bihar province in northern India and spoke Bhojpuri, rather than (closely related) Hindi, and how in the 20th c. Indian languages were replaced by English with education. She further focuses on retained Indic words incorporated in current-day TEC, and found 1844 of such words in usage. She discusses words misassigned locally as Indian-derived, but actually from other (European or African) languages. Then, she describes most of the Indo-TEC lexicon, categorizing items by their semantic-cultural domain, with major domains for Indian-derived words: religious practice, music, dance and stickfighting, food preparation, agriculture, kinship, and behaviour or appearance. Further, the author discusses to what degree Indic words have been mainstreamed within the non-Indian population of Trinidad, sometimes via standard English, sometimes directly assimilated into TEC, and made salient through the press or street food selling.
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Rai, Uttam Sing. "English Language Teachers’ Experience of Virtual Class during COVID-19 Lockdown in Bhojpur: A Narrative Inquiry." Journal of NELTA 27, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2022): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v27i1-2.53195.
Full textAbstract:
This research aimed at exploring English teachers’ experience of virtual class in the time of COVID-19 lockdown period in Bhojpur, Nepal. Using narrative inquiry as methodological lens, I collected four secondary level English language teachers’ stories during the first lockdown phase. In-depth interview was conducted to enable the participants to reveal their individual experiences of virtual teaching. The fi ndings revealed negative experiences such as technology related anxiety and mental stress being the absent of basic mastery of ICT in English teachers. The narrations further showed unstable electricity and low speed internet issue, low rate of students’ absence, unavailability of ICT devices as the obstacles fronted by English teachers in the district. The result also displayed positive experiences such as the increase of knowledge and skills in ICT use, and students’ autonomous and mobile learning.
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पन्थ Pantha, नारायणप्रसाद Narayanprasad. "नेपाली र भोजपुरी भाषाका काल तथा पक्षको तुलना {Comparison of Tenses and Aspects of Nepali and Bhojpuri Languages}." SNPRC Journal 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/snprcj.v4i1.61708.
Full textAbstract:
प्रस्तुत लेखमा व्यतिरेकी विश्लेषणको सैद्घान्तिक पर्याधारको केन्द्रीयतामा नेपाली र भोजपुरी भाषाका काल तथा पक्षको तुलना गरिएको छ । नेपाली र भोजपुरी भाषाका काल तथा पक्षको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन गर्नाका निम्ति यो अध्ययन गरिएको हो । प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्री तथा वर्णनात्मक, तुलनात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक अनुसन्धान पद्घतिको उपयोग गरी यस अध्ययनलाई पूर्ण बनाइएको छ । यस लेखमा वर्तमान, भूत र भविष्यत्कालका सामान्य, अपूर्ण र पूर्ण जस्ता सूचकमा केन्द्रित रही उपर्युक्त दुई भाषाको तुलना गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । निष्कर्षअनुसार नेपाली भाषाको वर्तमानकालीन क्रियामा धातुपछि छु, छौँ, छन्, छस् जस्ता सहायक क्रियाको प्रयोग गरिन्छ भने भोजपुरी भाषाको वर्तमानकालिक क्रियामा धातुपछि इँला, इबे, इब, इबा, इहेँ, यी, वलजायी जस्ता सहायक क्रियाको प्रयोग गरिन्छ । नेपाली भाषामा भूतकाल जनाउन धातुमा एँ, यौँ, यो, ई जस्ता सहायक क्रिया प्रत्ययवत्जोडिन्छन्भने भोजपुरी भाषामा भूतकाल जनाउन धातुमा इल, इले, इलीँ, इलयँ जस्ता कालबोधक प्रत्यय जोडेको पाइन्छ । नेपाली भाषामा भविष्यत्काल जनाउन धातुमा नेपछि वर्तमान कालका सहायक क्रिया छु, छौँ, छन्, छ, छस्जोडिन्छ भने भोजपुरी भाषामा धातुमा इहेँ, ई, वलजायी, इब, इबु, इबे जस्ता सहायक क्रिया जोडिन्छ । पूर्ण वर्तमान, पूर्ण भूत र पूर्ण भविष्यत्कालिक क्रियापदका धातुमा अले प्रत्यय जोडी बाटे, बाटीँ, बा, बाट जस्ता वर्तमानकालिक, रहलीँ, रहलयँ, रहल, रहली, रहलेँ, रहलिन्, रहलगय जस्ता भूतकालिक तथा होवलजाइब, होइहेँ, होई, होइब, होइबु जस्ता भविष्यत्कालिक सहायक क्रियाको प्रयोग भएको पाइने निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखबाट प्राप्त निष्कर्ष प्राज्ञिक दृष्टिले उपयोगी र औचित्यपूर्ण रहेको छ ।
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Tripathi, Harish. "Art and Culture in the Maurya Empire – Study of Stupas, Paintings, and Literature." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2023.v10n03.003.
Full textAbstract:
In this research paper, I have presented the study of art and culture – stupa, painting, and literature in the Mauryan Empire. The Maurya Empire (322 BCE – 185 BCE) was an important dynasty in Indian history. During the time of this empire, art and culture also progressed towards unprecedented progress. The Mauryan Empire made significant contributions in the fields of stupas, painting and literature. Based on ancient Indian literature, the construction of stupas was of particular importance during the time of the Maurya Empire. The Stupa was established as a place of worship and was recognized as the main symbol of Buddhism. The texture of metal and stones was updated in the stupa and paintings were also used in it. Here special care was taken for the high skill of painting and clothing marks. The construction of stupas also played the role of a kind of art-museum where unique creations of updated art and culture were stored. Most of the paintings of the Maurya Empire had a unique sthanakar. The paintings included images of members of the dynasty, statues of gods and goddesses, and descriptions of the lifestyle of the forest dwellers and the people, made in the ancient style. These paintings are found in places like Banswara, Bhojpuri, Nashik, and Sanchi. The importance of these paintings is that they describe the architectural and literary tradition of the Mauryan Empire. The paintings depict the culture and traditions of the Indian dynasty, reflecting the prestige of the social and religious lifestyle of that time.
The contribution of the Maurya Empire was invaluable in the field of literature as well. Compositions of Dharmasutras, scriptures, and political poems are found during the Maurya period, which provide information about the society and culture of that time. Chanakya, the author of the epic "Arthashastra", was a political scholar and popular. These included lectures and advice on business, politics, and classical elements. The Maurya Empire made a deep impact in the field of art and culture and paved the way for the characteristics of its times. Stupas, paintings, and literature were symbols of their imperial power, religious influence, and social development. Their study tells us that along with politics, social life, and religion, art and culture have also played an important role in Indian history. The study of the art and culture of the Maurya Empire helps us to understand their ideology, political system, and social order and also helps us to identify the strategic and cultural identity of the Indian civilization.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
इस शोध पत्र में मैंने मौर्य साम्राज्य में कला और संस्कृति- स्तूप, चित्रकला, और साहित्य का अध्ययन के बारे प्रस्तुत किया है। मौर्य साम्राज्य (322 ईसा पूर्व - 185 ईसा पूर्व) भारतीय इतिहास में एक महत्वपूर्ण राजवंश था। इस साम्राज्य के समय में कला और संस्कृति भी अपूर्व उन्नति की ओर बढ़ी। मौर्य साम्राज्य ने स्तूप, चित्रकला और साहित्य के क्षेत्र में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान किया। प्राचीन भारतीय साहित्य के आधार पर, मौर्य साम्राज्य के समय में स्तूप का निर्माण विशेष महत्व रखा जाता था। स्तूप एक पूजा स्थल के रूप में स्थापित किया जाता था और इसे बौद्ध धर्म के प्रमुख चिह्न के रूप में मान्यता प्राप्त थी। स्तूप में धातु एवं पत्थरों की बनावट अद्यतन की गई और इसमें चित्रों का प्रयोग भी किया जाता था। यहां उच्च कौशल से बने गए चित्र और वस्त्रधारण चिह्नों का विशेष ध्यान रखा जाता था। स्तूपों का निर्माण एक प्रकार के कला-संग्रहालय की भूमिका भी निभाता था जहां अद्यतन की गई कला और संस्कृति की अद्वितीय रचनाएं संग्रहीत की जाती थीं। मौर्य साम्राज्य के अधिकांश चित्रकलाओं में अद्वितीय स्थानकार था। चित्रों में राजवंश के सदस्यों की छवियाँ, देवी-देवताओं की प्रतिमाएँ, और प्राचीन शैली में बने वनवासी और जनता की जीवनशैली का वर्णन किया जाता था। ये चित्र बांसवाड़ा, भोजपुरी, नासिक, और सांची जैसे स्थानों में पाए जाते हैं। इन चित्रों की महत्वपूर्णता यह है कि इनसे मौर्य साम्राज्य की वास्तुकला और साहित्यिक परंपरा का वर्णन होता है। चित्रों में भारतीय राजवंश की संस्कृति और परंपराएँ दिखाई जाती हैं जो उस समय की समाजिक और धार्मिक जीवनशैली की प्रतिष्ठा को दर्शाती हैं। साहित्य के क्षेत्र में भी मौर्य साम्राज्य का योगदान अमूल्य रहा। मौर्यकालीन धर्मसूत्रों, धर्मग्रंथों, और राजनीतिक काव्यों की रचनाएँ मिलती हैं जो उस समय की समाज और संस्कृति के बारे में जानकारी प्रदान करती हैं। महाकाव्य ’’अर्थशास्त्र’’ के लेखक चाणक्य राजनीतिक विद्वान और लोकप्रिय थे। इनमें व्यापार, नीति, और शास्त्रीय तत्वों के बारे में व्याख्यान और सलाह दी गई है। मौर्य साम्राज्य ने कला और संस्कृति के क्षेत्र में गहरा प्रभाव डाला और अपने समय की विशेषताओं को प्रशस्त किया। स्तूप, चित्रकला, और साहित्य उनकी साम्राज्यिक शक्ति, धार्मिक प्रभाव, और सामाजिक विकास का प्रतीक थे। इनका अध्ययन हमें यह बताता है कि भारतीय इतिहास में राजनीति, सामाजिक जीवन, और धर्म के साथ-साथ कला और संस्कृति की भी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका रही है। मौर्य साम्राज्य की कला और संस्कृति का अध्ययन हमें उनकी विचारधारा, राजनीतिक प्रणाली, और सामाजिक व्यवस्था की समझ में मदद करता है और हमें भारतीय सभ्यता की सामरिक और सांस्कृतिक पहचान में भी मदद करता है।
Keywords: स्तूप, चित्रकला, कला-संग्रहालय, साम्राज्यिक शक्ति, धार्मिक प्रभाव, और सामाजिक विकास
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Mundotiya, Rajesh Kumar, Shantanu Kumar, Ajeet kumar, Umesh Chandra Chaudhary, Supriya Chauhan, Swasti Mishra, Praveen Gatla, and Anil Kumar Singh. "Development of a Dataset and a Deep Learning Baseline Named Entity Recognizer for Three Low Resource Languages: Bhojpuri, Maithili and Magahi." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing, July 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3533428.
Full textAbstract:
In Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipelines, Named Entity Recognition (NER) is one of the preliminary problems, which marks proper nouns and other named entities such as Location, Person, Organization, Disease etc. Such entities, without an NER module, adversely affect the performance of a machine translation system. NER helps in overcoming this problem by recognising and handling such entities separately, although it can be useful in Information Extraction systems also. Bhojpuri, Maithili and Magahi are low resource languages, usually known as Purvanchal languages. This paper focuses on the development of an NER benchmark dataset for Machine Translation systems developed to translate from these languages to Hindi by annotating parts of the available corpora with named entities. Bhojpuri, Maithili and Magahi corpora of sizes 228373, 157468 and 56190 tokens, respectively, were annotated using 22 entity labels. The annotation considers coarse-grained annotation labels followed by the tagset used in one of the Hindi NER datasets. We also report a Deep Learning baseline that uses an LSTM-CNNs-CRF model. The lower baseline F 1 -scores from the NER tool obtained by using Conditional Random Fields models are 70.56% for Bhojpuri, 73.19% for Maithili and 84.18% for Magahi. The Deep Learning-based technique (LSTM-CNNs-CRF) achieved 61.41% for Bhojpuri, 71.38% for Maithili and 86.39% for Magahi. As the results show, LSTM-CNNs-CRF fails to outperform the lower baseline in the case of Bhojpuri and Maithili, which have more data in terms of the number of tokens, but not in terms of the number of named entities. However, the cross-lingual model training of LSTM-CNNs-CRF for Bhojpuri and Maithili performed better than the CRF.
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Paudyal, Netra P., and John Peterson. "How one language became four: the impact of different contact-scenarios between “Sadani” and the tribal languages of Jharkhand." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics, May 4, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2021-2028.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Four Indo-Aryan linguistic varieties are spoken in the state of Jharkhand in eastern central India, Sadri/Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali and Panchparganiya, which are considered by most linguists to be dialects of other, larger languages of the region, such as Bhojpuri, Magahi and Maithili, although their speakers consider them to be four distinct but closely related languages, collectively referred to as “Sadani”. In the present paper, we first make use of the program COG by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) to show that these four varieties do indeed form a distinct, compact genealogical group within the Magadhan language group of Indo-Aryan. We then go on to argue that the traditional classification of these languages as dialects of other languages appears to be based on morphosyntactic differences between these four languages and similarities with their larger neighbors such as Bhojpuri and Magahi, differences which have arisen due to the different contact situations in which they are found.
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MOHAN, PEGGY. "The rise and fall of Trinidad Bhojpuri." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 1990, no. 85 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1990.85.21.
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Mesthrie, Rajend. "Koineization in the Bhojpuri–Hindi diaspora ― with special reference to South Africa." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 99, no. 1 (January 1, 1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1993.99.25.
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Singh, Atul Kumar, and Prabha Shankar Dwivedi. "Ideologies of Masculinity and Femininity in the Projection of the ‘National Language’: Gendered Discourse of Hindi–Urdu Dichotomization and Standardization." Journal of Human Values, May 1, 2023, 097168582211488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09716858221148805.
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This article takes the linguistic space of North India during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and tries to see how a nationalistic linguistic ideology that was shaping up at that time, creating Hindi and Urdu linguistic communities, used gender as a tool to portray and assert a masculinist vision of language and nation. It involved not just censoring certain representations of women and their cultural spaces, but also using the issue of ‘vulgar’ representations as a premise to marginalize certain languages and their literature. The article looks at the colonial ideology that worked as an enforcer for the nationalists to work towards achieving what they felt as a sanitized and moral form of literature and culture. The linguistic ideology that accompanied these revisions was of projecting Hindi (Khari Boli) as a national language while limiting spaces of other languages, such as Braj, Urdu and Bhojpuri, in the region, by criticizing either their use of sexual imagery or by stereotyping them in a gendered way. This article investigates the arguments of nationalist writers and highlights their masculinist and patriarchal ideas in their bid for the new national language.
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Naomi Carlson, Nancy. "Translating the untranslatable." Journal of Indentureship and its Legacies 3, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/jofstudindentleg.3.1.0087.
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In coining the term ‘Coolitude’ to re-imagine and re-vision the indenture experience, Khal Torabully has created a new identity and language, based on the strength and resiliency garnered through the rich intercultural exchanges among indentured workers. The central image in Khal’s seminal work, Cargo Hold of Stars: Coolitude, is a ship’s cargo hold from where its occupants – no matter their country of origin, language, religion, gender, caste or shade of skin – could still look up and see the stars. Believing that ordinary language was not capable of representing the myriad diverse voices of indenture, Khal’s ‘poetics of Coolitude’ or ‘corallian poetics’ intersperses French with Mauritian Creole, Hindi, mariner’s language, Bhojpuri, Urdu and neologisms, among other lexicons. To bring the music of this unique language into English, without sacrificing significant meaning, the translator employed a sound mapping technique to identify the salient patterns of assonance, alliteration, rhythm and silence that characterized each poem, performing a kind of ‘linguistic acrobatics’.
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Prasad, Amar Nath. "Bhojpuri Native Idioms and Sayings: A Mirror of Literature & Culture." Creative Saplings, April 30, 2022, 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.1.3.
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We know that the idioms and sayings of a particular region are the true embodiment of the contemporary tradition and the historical consciousness. A minute and subtle study of these sayings also show the political, social and cultural atmosphere of the society. But what matters most in these sayings and idioms is the literary and metaphorical aspects which has always been on the canterstage. The thoughts, ideas and visions of the unlettered rustic villagers are always suffused with the colors of great art,literature,and religious scriptures. The main objective of this paper is to dive deep into this great sea of sayings and idioms and dig out the pearls and jewelsin the form of epigrammatic and condensed language so that the modern materialistic and mechanical world may take the lesson from the great culture and ethics contained in these life-givingsayings and idioms.
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Lorenzen, David N. "Edward O. Henry, <em>Chant the Names of God: Musical Culture in Bhojpuri-speaking India</em>, San Diego, San Diego State University Press, 1988, 318 pp." Estudios de Asia y África, January 1, 1991, 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/eaa.v26i1.1275.
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Mundotiya, Rajesh Kumar, Swasti Mishra, and Anil Kumar Singh. "Hierarchical self attention based sequential labelling model for Bhojpuri, Maithili and Magahi languages." Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.09.022.
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Rai, Uttam Sing. "English Teachers' Perception towards Using ICTs in ELT in Secondary Schools of Bhojpur Municipality: A Census Study." Sahayaatra सहयात्रा, September 27, 2023, 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sahayaatra.v6i1.58414.
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This study attempts to investigate English teachers' perception towards using ICTs in English language teaching in Secondary Schools of Bhojpur Municipality. The Census method was adopted to obtain the objectives. Likert-scale survey questionnaires and non-participation observations were adopted as the techniques and tools of data collection to answer the research questions. The result of the study exhibits that the integration of ICTS in teaching English enhances the learning of the English language. The idea of using ICTs such as YouTube videos improves the listening and speaking skills of the English language of both teachers and students. In addition, the majority of English language teachers have a positive attitude towards the use of ICTS in English language teaching. Most of the teachers had positive perceptions towards the use of ICTs in helping students to master their grammatical competence.
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Kumar, Anjani, Amrendra Kumar, and Pushpa Kumari. "Income Diversification: A Way Towards Attracting Rural Youth in Agriculture." Indian Journal of Extension Education, 2022, 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2022.58422.
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Attracting and retaining rural youth in agriculture (ARYA) is operational in different Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in Bihar and Jharkhand. Six KVKs of Bihar (Aurangabad, Vaishali, East Champaran, West Champaran, Bhojpur and Bhagalpur), and four KVKs of Jharkhand (Ranchi, Chatra and Gumla East Singhbhum) were selected from 2017 and onwards for implementation of ARYA. Present investigation was done in 2020 and compared it with 2016-17 data i.e. before ARYA. The main aim of this project was to attract and involve unemployed rural youth in farming based enterprises. Results showed that among different enterprises, total 3687 number of rural youths trained out of them, 903 youths established their own enterprises and 700 youths run the enterprises sustainably. It has been concluded that poultry farming and nursery raising in Bihar and goat farming in Jharkhand attracted much more rural youth for its income generation.