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1
Kaba, Arnaud. "Les maîtres du fer : des ouvriers métallurgistes de Bhopal et de leur confrontation avec l’incertitude." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EHES0001/document.
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Cette thèse part de l’étude de l’espace social de deux groupes d’ouvriers métallurgistes de Bhopal. L’un est composé de musulmans habitant dans les quartiers autoconstruits pollués suite à la catastrophe industrielle qui a marqué l’histoire contemporaine de la ville et travaillant dans des ateliers de métallurgie au sein de la vieille ville. L’autre est formé majoritairement d’hindous venant de villages parfois éloignés employés sur des chantiers de viaduc dans Bhopal et ses environs. Tous deux travaillent dans le secteur informel, dans un rapport à l’emploi incertain. En explorant leurs relations hors travail, elle décrit la manière dont se construisent les rapports sociaux et les représentations collectives. Elle montre également comment la confrontation à l’incertitude marquant de nombreux aspects de leur quotidien ainsi que le rapport au travail interagissent avec ces constructions. En s’intéressant à la nature des relations au travail et à celle des rapports de domination, elle montre que les travailleurs ont de nombreuses marges de négociation, malgré une importante résurgence du paternalisme combinée à une faiblesse globale des protections concrètes. En s’appuyant sur une ethnographie des techniques et du rapport au corps engagé dans le labeur, elle montre que les idéologies en découlant, trop rarement étudiées, constituent le cœur d’un système de valeurs qui permet de légitimer les hiérarchies, mais aussi de les stabiliser, de les remettre en cause et de rendre possible une mobilité sociale grâce au talent. Mais il est également menacé par l’incertitude qui pèse sur ces cultures de la mètis dans un environnement technologique en profonde mutation et une configuration sociologique dans laquelle la valorisation de l’enseignement supérieur est toujours plus hégémoniqueThis doctoral thesis starts with the study of the social space of two groups of metal workers in Bhopal. The first one is made of Muslim inhabitants of the polluted neighborhoods which have been contaminated following the 1984 industrial disaster who work in the Old City’s metal workshops. The other one in made of a majority of Hindus coming from the rural hinterland, sometimes from distant villages, and hired in the flyover construction yards in and around Bhopal. Both are working in the informal sector, and experiment uncertain conditions of employment. By exploring their relationships outside of work it describes the way their social relations and their collective representations are constructing themselves. It also shows how the confronting with uncertainty and their relationship to work are interacting with these social constructs. It shifts then its focus to the relationships on the shop floor, the nature of the labour and domination relationships and it shows that the workers have many margins of negotiation, in spite of an important resurgence of paternalistic structures combined with weak empirical protections. Then, the thesis makes an ethnography of the techniques and the body commitment involved in the labour process in order to unveil ideologies of labour which constitute the core of a value system which allows to legitimate the hierarchical positions but also to contest it, and allows a social mobility based on skills. But this system is also threatened by the uncertainty of these cultures of mètis in a technological environment which experiments a deep technological mutation and a social context where the valorization of the academic education becomes more and more hegemonic
2
Heyndrickx, Bruno. "Le methylisocyanate : mic - bhopal." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL2P351.
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Ferrali, Jean-François. "La catastrophe de Bhopal dans la presse." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M190.
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Hanna, Bridget Corbett. "Toxic Relief: Science, Uncertainty, and Medicine after Bhopal." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11346.
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This dissertation is a study of science and medicine after the gas disaster in1984 in Bhopal, India. It looks at the discourses, debates, suspicions, and entangled events that have shaped the narratives of causality following the catastrophe, and the ways that ideas about relief, treatment, and illness have been constructed by experts, lay activists, and survivors. In it I address the issues of suspicion, research, and power by looking at the "cyanide controversy" in the early years after the disaster, and at the ways that the consequences of uncertainty affect patients and doctors within the hospital system designed to provide "gas relief" in the aftermath. I also describe the range of ways gas survivors have categorized and produced as subjects and citizens through an analysis of epidemiological, legal, and political discussions. I take on the history of medical research after the event, and show how a vast corpus of scientific work has remained dispersed and underutilized, leaving room for sometimes-dangerous narratives of certain illness or death. Finally, I look at the consequences of this indeterminacy for care and healing. I assess access to treatments, the diversity of medical care, the undermining of the status of the gas exposed, and the ways that detoxification has been approached through notions of dosage, potency, and traditional medicine. I produce a sociology of knowledge about the catastrophe and contribute to literatures on the problem of epistemic uncertainty and risk after disasters, the production of medicalized subjects, and the politicization of knowledge. I argue that interventions that have tried to encompass the disaster within a unitary framework have been persistently inadequate, and illustrate how attempts to reduce or subsume the consequences of the disaster - through recourse to scientific indeterminacy, under reductionist legal mechanisms, by imprecise categorization schema, within flawed research methodologies, and among hollow medical infrastructures - have not only failed to meaningfully represent it but also resulted in predictable forms of reductionist violence and social suffering, through obfuscation as often as through action.Anthropology
5
Matilal, Sumohon. "Giving an account of the Bhopal gas disaster : journeys and justifications." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542344.
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Nath, Abhay. "Conflicts of interest among primary stakeholders of urban dairying in Bhopal (India)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434112.
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Lambert, Hurley Siobhan. "Contesting seclusion : the political emergence of Muslim women in Bhopal, 1901-1930." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28963/.
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This study examines the emergence of Indian Muslim women as politicians and social reformers in the early years of the twentieth century by focussing on the state of Bhopal, a small Muslim principality in Central India, which was ruled by a succession of female rulers throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The last Begam of Bhopal, Nawab Sultan Jahan Begam (1858-1930, r. 1901-1926), emerges as the main figure in this history, though a substantial effort has also been made to examine the activities of other Bhopali women, whether poor, privileged or princely. Special significance has been attached to their changing attitudes to class, gender and communal identities, using the veil as a metaphor for women's expanding concerns. Their connections with wider movements of social reform have also been emphasized in an attempt to show that the emergence of women in Bhopal was representative of a broader development occurring amongst Muslim women, both within India and throughout the Islamic world. The importance of this study lies in its treatment of the 'daughters of reform,' the first generation of Muslim women who contributed to the reformist discourse, particularly at the regional level, as complex subjects in possession of a history. It is also significant in that it redresses the paucity of academic literature on the princely states of India, highlighting the differences between states and the changes that occurred over time, rather than simply dismissing the princes as frivolous reminders of a by-gone age. The main theme that arises is the importance for early Muslim female activists of balancing continuity and innovation. By operating within the framework of Islam, Bhopali women were able to build on traditional norms in order to introduce incremental change. As many of their achievements were unforseen, however, their story is as much one of paradox, as of progress.
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Bahia, Antonio Fernando Noceti. "Gerência de risco industrial : um estudo "ex-post" sobre o acidente em Bhopal, Índia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2006. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/3634.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabiliade e Ciência da Informação e Documentação, Departamento de Economia, 2006.Submitted by wesley oliveira leite (leite.wesley@yahoo.com.br) on 2009-10-02T14:31:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_VERSAO FINAL_Antonio Fernando Noceti Bahia.pdf: 862649 bytes, checksum: 5785ef3fd8a1f3005dc596f90d28a539 (MD5)
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A ocorrência de acidentes catastróficos faz com que vários organismos internacionais sejam conduzidos à reflexão e à discussão dos danos causados às empresas, aos seres humanos, aos animais e ao meio ambiente. No acidente em Bhopal na Índia, ocorrido no ano de 1984, os prejuízos causados foram e são até hoje incalculáveis. Sejam eles considerados sob diferentes óticas, como por exemplo, a do bem-estar da sociedade, incluindo a saúde pública; a de natureza econômica; e a do meio ambiente, refletindo a perda e/ou a difícil recuperação da biodiversidade. O objetivo desta dissertação é efetuar uma análise ex-post do acidente em Bhopal, tendo como fundamentação teórica os diferentes métodos e técnicas de análise de risco industrial até então desenvolvidos e constantes em publicações científicas. Por outro lado, o presente estudo tem a simples pretensão de contribuir como um instrumento que possa auxiliar e orientar as firmas/indústrias em suas novas instalações e/ou ampliações industriais no que concerne à análise de risco. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The catastrophic accidents occurrence have conduced many international organizations to reflection and to discuss the damages caused to enterprises, people, animals and environment. The impairments caused by the 1984 Bhopal accident in India are incalculable, being them considered by the social welfare viewpoint, including public health; under the Economy viewpoint; under the Ecology loss and/or hard biodiversity retrieval. The aim of this dissertation is to present an ex-post analysis of the Bhopal accident, based on several methods and industrial risk analysis techniques developed, until now, by specialists and presented in scientific journals. Otherwise, this research has the simple pretention to contribute as an instrument which can contribute as a helpful auxiliary instrument to guide firms/industries in their new plants and/or industrial expansion relatively to the risk analysis.
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Sharma, Shalini. "New social movements and media : the case of the Justice for Bhopal Movement in India." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18259/.
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Pariyadath, Renu. "When coporations migrate south: rethinking citizenship and privileged migrant mobilities for equitable development." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5595.
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Since the 1990s, governments of migrant sending and receiving countries, policy institutes, the United Nations and allied international financial institutions, and migration researchers in the academy have shown a heightened interest in the role that diasporas can play in the development of the Global South. As government responsibility to social welfare recedes and as humanitarian aid shrinks, these stakeholders have looked toward the wealth offered by diasporas. The resultant discourse of diaspora and development, the dissertation argues, is changing the meaning of the discursive construction of "diaspora" in its articulation with the concurrent construct of "development". This presents scholars with new challenges in studying diaspora and transnationalism.
The expansion of who gets to be counted as diaspora and its articulation with newly extended diasporic citizenship limits the nature of citizenship to the performative and to the exclusive domain of giving. Accordingly, the study examines the communicate and relational practices of Association for India's Development (AID), a 1000-volunteer-strong migrant Indian non-profit organization in the United States, to critique and expand the diaspora and development discourse. Through an extended case study of AID's practice and performance of citizenship, this study makes contributions to theories about the space of `home' and its relation to the practice of politics; migrant presence and performance of citizenship in the Global North; diasporic interventions in the discourse of development; and strategic mobilizing for broad-based social justice issues.
First, the dissertation unpacks the meaning-making practices that AID volunteers associate with the construct `development', and demonstrates how the volunteers' discourse of "development as sustainability" challenges notions of charity and the brain metaphor trafficking in policy reports and scholarship. The study then examines the treatment of diasporic imaginings of home in theory and migration policy, juxtaposed with AID's practices related to India arguing that practices of deconstructing home/nation allow this organization to center diasporic privilege rather than loss. This allows for less common alliance-building practices with populations from historically marginalized religious, caste and class backgrounds and a centering of marginalized voices within multiple diasporic homes. The dissertation also examines annual die-ins by AID's Austin chapter, staged in solidarity with survivors of the Bhopal gas disaster of 1984 that complicates the notion of presence in theorizations of transformation in new forms of citizenship. The study finally takes an ethnographic peek into an education project that used to be supported by AID in India. The backstage organizing work studied, suggests that what seems like a single-issue movement strategically employs universal discourses of `quality education' for organizing multiple publics.
The study required multi-sited critical ethnographic fieldwork in the United States and in India, participant observation, in-depth interviews, and rhetorical/discourse analyses of AID's practices. The study offers a people-centered exploration of diaspora engagement with social development, which is difficult to grasp solely through research informed by macro-level and quantitative data. Overall, this work complicates the monolithic understanding of development in current research on diaspora and development, demonstrating that local and transnational actors both participate in, and challenge the development discourse to communicatively and relationally address issues of social development and transnational environmental justice.
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Pagani, Frédérique. ""Servir les hommes, c’est servir le Seigneur" : le salut par la philanthropie : étude d’une association de bienfaisance sindhie (Bhopal - Inde Centrale)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100009.
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Cette thèse porte sur les conceptions et les pratiques au sein d’une association sindhie, nommée le Jeev Sewa Sansthan, l’Institut pour le Service de la Vie. L’association a un guru à sa tête qui se nomme Sant Hirdaram, supposé être l’auteur de la devise : « Servir les hommes, c’est servir Dieu ». Les activités de cette association sont variées : mariages collectifs, écoles, camps ophtalmologiques, etc. J’étudie cette association suivant trois aspects. Il s’agit tout d’abord de tenter de montrer qu’elle ressemble à une association de caste. Cependant son guru lui permet de se présenter en tant que mouvement religieux non-sectaire. En second lieu, je tente de montrer au travers de cette association que le rapport que les Sindhis entretiennent avec la philanthropie doit être compris au regard d’une valorisation de l’action. Enfin, j’étudie les conceptions qui forment le soubassement de cette philanthropie. Je montre que ce type de philanthropie est un héritage des réformateurs sociaux et en particulier de l’interprétation de la seva (service) par VivekanandThis PhD thesis deals with the conceptions and the practices within a Sindhi association called Jeev Sewa Sansthan, Institute for the Service of Life. This association is guru-headed. This guru who is named Sant Hirdaram, is supposed to be the author of the motto : “Service of Mankind is the real Service of the Lord. The activities of this association are varied : mass-marriages, schools, eye camps, etc. I study this association through three aspects. Firstly I try to show that this association looks like a caste association; However with the guru, it appears as a non-sectarian-religious movement. Secondly, I try to show through this association that the relation between Sindhis and philanthropy has to be understood within the background of an emphasis on action. Last, I study the conceptions which give the ground to this philanthropy. I show that this kind of philanthropy is a inheritage of the social reformers and more specifically of the interpretation of seva (service) by Vivekanand
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Lou, Chen. "News Framing of the 1984 Bhopal Gas Leak in India and the 2010 BP Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico: A Content Analysis of The New York Times and The Washington Post Coverage." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1307116967.
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Bisht, Pawas. "Disaster and the dynamics of memory." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14184.
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Calls for examining the interrelations between individual and collective processes of remembering have been repeatedly made within the field of memory studies. With the tendency being to focus on either the individual or the collective level, there have been few studies that have undertaken this task in an empirically informed manner. This thesis seeks to engage in such an examination by undertaking a multi-level study of the remembrance of the Bhopal gas disaster of 1984. The gas leak in Bhopal (India) was one of the world s worst industrial disasters and has seen a long-running political contestation involving state institutions, social movement organisations (SMOs) and individual survivors. Employing an ethnographic methodology, incorporating interviews, participant observation and archival research, the study seeks to examine similarities and divergences in how these institutional, group-level and individual actors have remembered the disaster. It identifies the factors that modulated these remembrances and focuses on examining the nature of their interrelationship. The study conceptualises remembering as memory-work : an active process of meaning-making in relation to the past. The memory-work of state institutions was examined within the judicial and commemorative domains. The analysis demonstrates how state institutions engaged in a limiting of the meaning of the disaster removing from view the transnational causality of the event and the issue of corporate liability. It tracks how the survivors suffering was dehistoricised and contained within the framework of a localized claims bureaucracy. The examination of SMO memory-work focused on the activities of the two most prominent groups working in Bhopal. The analysis reveals how both organisations emphasise the continuing suffering of the survivors to challenge the state s settlement of the event. However, clear differences are outlined between the two groups in the wider frameworks of meaning employed by them to explain the suffering, assign responsibility and define justice. Memory-work at the individual level was accessed in the memory narratives of individual survivors generated through ethnographic interviews. The study examined how individual survivors have made sense of the lived experience of suffering caused by the disaster and its aftermath. The analysis revealed how the frameworks of meaning imposed by the state are deeply incommensurate with the survivors needs to express the multi-dimensionality of their suffering; it tracks how the state imposed identities are resisted but cannot be entirely overcome in individual remembrance. Engagement with the activities of the SMOs is demonstrated as enabling the development of an alternative activist remembrance for a limited group of survivors. Overall, the thesis seeks to provide a complex and empirically grounded account of the relations between the inner, individual level processes of memory linked to lived experience and the wider, historically inflected, collective and institutional registers of remembrance. The examination of the encounters between these diverse individual and collective remembrances in the context of an on-going political contestation allows the study to contribute to ongoing discussions within the field about memory politics in a global age and memory and justice.
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Lê, Thi Kièm Liên. "Toxicologie de l'isocyanate de méthyle." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P050.
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MACHADO, ALETHEIA DE ALMEIDA. "THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL NORM IN THE CHEMICAL SAFETY REALM FROM BHOPAL TO THE CONVENTION 174 OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO) CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5210@1.
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Esta dissertação trata do processo de construção social
da
norma internacional, na área de segurança química. Partiu-
se de uma realidade local --- a ocorrência de um acidente
industrial ampliado --- e de seus impactos sobre o
ambiente
internacional. Nesse sentido, foi fundamental perceber
aquela realidade local como um fato social, construído
por
meio de uma conscientização ambiental ou anuência
coletiva
mais ampla. Daquele processo de construção social, aliás,
faz parte a constituição dessa consciência coletiva
quanto
às ameaças ambientais, fortalecida politicamente pelo
aval da comunidade de Nações, quando das Conferências de
Estocolmo (1972) e do Rio de Janeiro (1992). Por isso,
seguindo parâmetros teóricos construtivistas, optou-se
pela análise da forma como se deu o processo de
construção
ideacional e normativa mais abrangente, em matéria
ambiental, nas relações internacionais contemporâneas;
para, posteriormente, abordar a construção social do
acidente e da norma gerada, parte daquele processo.
Quanto
à organização e à mobilização da sociedade civil, bem
como
quanto à influência dessa mobilização sobre os Estados,
atribuiu-se destaque especial aos agentes de propagação
de
idéias, referidas à proteção ambiental e à segurança
química, bem como a suas plataformas organizacionais.
Para
tanto, dada sua relevância social e empírica, escolheu-
se,
como objeto de estudo, o acidente industrial ampliado,
ocorrido em 1984, na cidade de Bhopal, Índia; e a
Convenção 174 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho
para
a prevenção de acidentes industriais ampliados.This paperwork deals with the social construction process of the international norm in the chemical safety realm. The point of departure was a local reality -- the occurrence of a major industrial accident --- and its impacts on the international environment. The perception of that reality as a social fact, constructed from a wider environmental awareness or collective acquiescence, was essential. The constitution of that collective awareness is part of the referred social construction process and was politically strengthened by the international community when it assembled in the Stockholm Convention (1972) and the Rio Convention (1992). Following certain constructivist theoretical parameters, the wider ideational and normative scenario, related to environmental questions in the contemporary international relations, was first analysed. Afterwards, the focus was directed towards the social construction of the accident and the norm negotiated. In relation to the civil society organisation and mobilisation, as well as to its influence on state behaviour, it was given emphasis on the role of agents of environmental protection and chemical safety ideas and its organisational platforms. As per its social and empirical importance, it was chosen as object of analysis the major industrial accident, occurred in 1984, in Bhopal, India, and the Convention 174 of the International Labour Organization concerning the Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents.
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Lindblad, Matilda. "Parent Company Liability for Torts of Subsidiaries : A Comparative Study of Swedish and UK Company Law with Emphasis on Piercing the Corporate Veil and Implications for Victims of Torts and Human Rights Violations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416230.
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The gas leak disaster in Bhopal, India, in 1984 illustrates a situation of catastrophe and mass torts resulting in loss of life and health as well as environmental degradation. The Indian company Union Carbide India Limited, who owned and operated the chemical plant that caused the disaster, did not have sufficient assets to compensate the victims in contrast to its financially well-equipped US parent company Union Carbide Corporation. The courts never reached a decision regarding parent company liability for the subsidiary’s debts arising from tort claims against the subsidiary. However, where the subsidiary cannot satisfy its tort creditors, as in the Bhopal case, questions regarding parent company liability become highly relevant in relation to both foreign and domestic subsidiaries. Therefore, parent company liability for subsidiaries’ torts is discussed in this thesis with reference to Swedish and UK company law and with a focus on the tort creditors’ situation and the business and human rights debate. From limited liability for shareholders and each company being a separate legal entity follows that a parent company is not liable for its subsidiaries’ debts in neither Swedish nor UK company law. These concepts serve the important function of facilitating risk-taking and entrepreneurial activities. However, they also contribute to the problem of uncompensated tort victims arising where a subsidiary is involved in liability- producing activities but lacks assets to compensate the tort victims. Where limited liability and each company being a separate legal entity leads to particularly inappropriate results, the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil in both Sweden and the UK allows the court to disregard the separate legal personalities and hold the parent company liable for its subsidiary’s acts or omissions. The doctrine is characterised by uncertainty and is seemingly only available under exceptional circumstances. The doctrine does little to mitigate the problems for subsidiaries’ tort creditors at large. The business and human rights debate calls for access to judicial remedies for victims of businesses’ human rights violations. As some human rights violations can form the basis of a tort claim, it is relevant to discuss parent company liability according to company law in relation to human rights violations. The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights emphasise the need to ensure that corporate law does not prevent access to judicial remedies. However, the company law regulation of liability in company groups seems in practice to function as an obstacle for access to judicial remedies for human rights victims, particularly when also considering the inadequate legal regimes in some host states and the hurdles of jurisdiction and applicable law in multinational company groups. It is concluded in this thesis that the company law regulation of liability in company groups is seemingly not equipped to meet the challenges arising with the development of company groups, the global reach of the private business sector, the risks of mass torts and the influence of the business sector on human rights.
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Benjamin, Solomon J. 1960. "Understanding urban housing transformations : a case study of Bhogal, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45685.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis attempts to describe dwelling transformations in the case of Bhogal, New Delhi. It is hoped to clarify the links between socio-economic forces and their resultant impact on physical form, through its transformation. The project is a refugee housing program, undertaken by the Government of India in the early 1950's to cope with the large influx of refugees during the partition between India and Pakistan. Over a period of twenty years, the project like other emergency measures , has become permanent. It is rapidly transforming to provide a livable environment. India, like other Third World environments, is on the verge of another emergency, facing unprecedented urban growth. It is obvious that the government with its limited resources, cannot cope with these pressures. There is a general agreement that the government needs to play the role of a "support" rather than a "producer", especially with regard to housing for the lower income groups. The case study exemplifies developments and transformations of existing dwelling environments in Delhi today. It therefore might help to identify some basic principles and directions along which future research might take. The case study provides a useful insight into the circumstances that allow a group of people to upgrade their circumstance both socially and economically with minimum formal assistance. The thesis also attempts to clarify informal linkages and networks that evolve to form a crucial part of the process of upgrading in this environment. This forms the bulk of the argument of the "supportive" role of the government and the need to understand existing linkages and networks to identify areas of intervention.
by Solomon J. Benjamin.
M.S.
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Bourguele, Bhare Alfred. "Les sociétés transnationales et le droit international des droits de l'homme : une contribution à l'étude de la responsabilité des STN en droits de l'Homme." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0060.
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Jusqu'à une période récente, la responsabilité en matière de droits de l'homme n'a été envisagée que sous l'angle de celle des individus. Or, le contexte économique actuel fait apparaître une nouvelle dimension de la question de la responsabilité dans le domaine des droits de l'homme. En effet, les violations des droits de l'homme ne sont pas seulement le fait des Etats ou des individus, mais elles sont aussi celui des entreprises notamment des sociétés transnationales. L'objectif de notre recherche vise à contribuer à l'étude de la responsabilité des sociétés transnationales en droit international des droits de l'homme. L'évolution actuelle des sociétés transnationales est marquée par une situation d'impunité en droit international. L'encadrement juridique de ces entités repose sur le droit mou (soft law) en d'autres termes, sur un corpus normatif non contraignant constitué de codes de conduite. Ces codes de conduite sont d'une part d'origine interne, lorsqu'ils issus des initiatives des entreprises et d'autre part d'origine externe, lorsqu'ils ont été établis par des organisme indépendant tel que l'Organisation internationale du travail et l'OCDE. Non contraignants, ces instruments ne peuvent répondre aux préoccupations relatives à la protection des droits de l'homme dans la sphère des sociétés transnationales. C'est pourquoi, une réglementation contraignante dans ce domaine s'impose. C'est dans ce sens que s'inscrit le projet des normes relatives aux sociétés transnationales en matière de droits de l'homme actuellement en cours aux Nations unies. Ce projet modèle est loin d'être parfait. Car il ne prend pas en compte certains concepts juridiques inhérents à la responsabilité des sociétés transnationales. Il s'agit notamment de concepts tels que la responsabilité solidaire des sociétés mères avec leurs filiales et sous-traitants ; la responsabilité des dirigeants de la STN. .Until recently, liability in the field of human rights had only been considered with respect to individuals. Yet, the current economical context reveals a new aspect of the liability matter in the area of human rights. Indeed, violations of human rights are not only held on the account of sovereign states or individuals, but also firms especially transnational coporations. The purpose of our research is to aim at contributing to the study of liability of transnational corporations in international human rights law. The current evolution of transnational corporations is characterized by a state of impunity in international law. The legal framing of these entities lies on soft law, in other words, on a non-restricting normative corpus made up of codes of conduct. These codes of conduct have on one hand an internal basis when they are established by independent groups such as the International Labor Organization (ILO) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). These non-restricting measures cannot respond to the concerns relating to human rights protection in the sphere of transnational corporations. Therefore, a restricting regulation in this area is needed. This is the undergoing perspective which is notably currently undertaken by the project of the United Nations including norms relating to the accountability of transnational corporations in the field of human rights. This pilot project is far from reaching perfection for it does not take into account several legal concepts inherent to the liability of transnational corporations. This includes concepts such as common liability of head firms along with their branches and subcontractors or also the liability of transnational corporations executive. .
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Bhosale, Sankalp [Verfasser], and A. E. [Akademischer Betreuer] Melchinger. "Association analysis of genes controlling variation of flowering time in West and Central African sorghum / Sankalp Bhosale. Betreuer: A. E. Melchinger." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027353835/34.
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Maucort, Delphine. "Étude des vêtements de l'Inde du nord : deuil (sog) et extase (sokh) des Bhopâ-Rebârî du Gujarat." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100020.
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Semi-nomades du Gujarat (Inde), les Bhopâ-Rebarî portent des vêtements aux couleurs et aux formes les distinguant des autres groupes régionaux. Cette étude décrit l'ensemble du processus technique de leur fabrication qui commence par le choix des matières et se poursuit par le filage, le tissage, la teinture ou l'impression, la coupe et l'assemblage mais aussi le recyclage textile. Chaque étape se présente comme la spécialité d'une caste et relie le groupe à l'ensemble des représentations hindoues du monde et de l'ordre socio-cosmique. Ainsi, progressivement sanscritisés, les Bhopâ utilisent des v^etements qui marquent les statuts sociaux conformes aux lois brahmaniques. Néanmois, ils les identifient aussi comme les prêtres-devins de Mâtâjî et comme les grands dévots en deuil de Krsna. A la mode au Gujarat et dans le monde de l'"ethnic chic", ces vêtements sont aujourd'hui considérés comme ceux de la tradition indienne et deviennent alors de vrais "faux anthentiques"Semi nomad in Gujarat (India), the Bhopas-Rebaris are wearing clothes with colors and forms different from other regional groups. This study describe all their technical conception process, begining with material choice then proceeding with spinning, weaving, dying or printing, cutting and gathering and also textile recycling. Each stage is considered as one caste speciality and link the group with all the hindou representation of the world and socio-cosmic order. So, progressively sanscritised, the Bhopas are using clothes showing the social status, conformed in the brahmanic laws. Nevertheless, it identifie also the Bhopas as the Mâtâjî diviners priests and as the great sorrowing Krsna devouts. Subject of fashion in Gujarat and in the world of "ethnic chic", those clothes are now considered as traditional indian and become true "false authentic"
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Bhople, Parag [Verfasser]. "Effects of climate change on fungal community structure and organic matter turnover in soil profiles along elevation gradients in alpine ecosystems / Parag Bhople." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214841066/34.
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Söderlund, Erik. "Transnational Corporations and Human Rights : Assessing the position of TNCs within international human rights law, and the appropriateness of an international treaty on business and human rights." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-363144.
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Transnational corporations are playing an important role in the global economy of today. Many of these corporations have great economic resources and have the possibility of contributing to the development of societies in developing states. At the same time, in their search for profit, the activities of TNCs have proven fatal to some of the individuals employed by them, or otherwise in contact with their activities. Within the international legal framework, corporations are not traditionally treated as subjects and if a TNC allocates its production to a state with lax human rights protection, no binding international standards exist to regulate the conduct of the corporation. In my thesis I will assess the position of TNCs under the present core human rights instruments and soft law initiatives. I will also analyze a draft treaty text produced by the Intergovernmental Working Group on Business and Human Rights, released in July 2018, to reach a conclusion on whether such an instrument would affect the international legal status of TNCs and provide a more robust protection of international human rights.
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Bhola, Punit Kumar [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Disse, Bruno [Gutachter] Merz, Markus [Gutachter] Disse, and Robert [Gutachter] Jüpner. "Dynamic flood inundation forecasting in real-time including associated uncertainties for operational flood risk management / Punit Kumar Bhola ; Gutachter: Bruno Merz, Markus Disse, Robert Jüpner ; Betreuer: Markus Disse." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192441990/34.
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Mutale, W. "Evaluation of a complex health intervention in Zambia : the case of the Better Health Outcome through Mentorship and Assessment (BHOMA) applying system wide approaches to measuring health system strengthening : essential markers and impact pathway." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2014. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1917782/.
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Introduction: In many low income countries the delivery of quality health services is hampered by health system-wide barriers which are often interlinked, however empirical evidence on how to assess the level and scope of these barriers is scarce. It has been recognised that taking a more comprehensive approach to assessing these barriers is more likely to provide lessons on what works and why. WHO has been advocating the use of systems wide approaches such as systems thinking to guide intervention design and evaluation. This thesis reports system-wide assessment of a complex health system intervention in Zambia known as Better Health Outcome through Mentorship and Assessment (BHOMA) that aimed to improve service quality at the health facility and influence service demand from the community. Methodology: This study is nested within a cluster randomised trial of the BHOMA intervention that aims to strengthen the health system in three rural districts covering 42 health facilities in Zambia. The main trial has a stepped wedge design where the intervention is being rolled-out to all the 42 health facilities over a period of 4 years. A baseline health facility survey was done in 2011. This was followed by a 12 months post-intervention evaluation survey. At the time of the follow up survey 24 health facilities had received the intervention while 18 had not. Data collection used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study was guided by a systems thinking theoretical framework which was inspired by the WHO building blocks for health system strengthening. Results: The baseline survey validated tools and indicators for assessing health system building blocks. Research paper 2 applied an innovative measure of health worker motivation which was initially applied in Kenya. The results showed that this simple tool was reliable with cronbach’s alpha of 0.73 for the 21 item measures of health workers’ motivation. Baseline assessment of health worker motivation showed variation in motivation score based on gender and access to training. Research paper 3 tested and applied a new tool for measuring health systems governance at health facility level. The new tool for measuring governance was reliable with the 16 item one side cronbach’s alpha ranging between 0.69-0.74.The tool was simple to use and found to be applicable in the Zambian health care setting. A balanced scorecard approach was applied to measure the baseline health system characteristics for the target districts. Differences in performance were noted by district and residence in most domains with finance and service delivery domains performing poorly in all study districts. Regression modelling showed that children’s clinical observation scores were negatively correlated with drug availability (coeff 20.40, p = 0.02) while Adult clinical observation scores were positively association with adult service satisfaction score (coeff 0.82, p = 0.04) Baseline qualitative results are presented in paper 5. The results showed close linkages between health system building blocks. Challenges noted in service delivery were linked to human resources, medical supplies, information flow, governance and finance building blocks either directly or indirectly. The 12 months post intervention survey applied both quantitative and qualitative methods. Research paper 6 presents 12 months post intervention quantitative results applying the balanced scorecard approach as at baseline. Comparison was made between the control and intervention health facilities. The results showed significant mean differences between intervention (I) and control (C) sites in the following domains: Training domain (Mean I:C;87.5.vs 61.1, mean difference 23.3,p=0.031),adult clinical observation domain (mean I:C;73.3 vs.58.0, mean difference 10.9,p=0.02 ). The 12 months post intervention qualitative evaluation applied systems thinking approach and the conceptual framework developed before the intervention. The findings are presented in research paper 7. The overall results showed that the community had accepted the intervention with increasing demand for services reported in all sites where the BHOMA intervention was implemented. The indications were that in the short term there was increased demand for services but the health workers’ capacity was not severely affected. However, from a systems thinking perspective, it was clear that several unintended consequences also occurred during the implementation of the BHOMA. Conclusion: In evaluation of complex interventions such as the BHOMA attention should be paid to context. Using system wide approaches and triangulating data collection methods seems to be important to successful evaluation of such complex intervention.
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BHOLA, GAURAV. "INDIA AND CHINA SPACE PROGRAMS: FROM GENESIS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGIES TO MAJOR SPACE PROGRAMS AND WHAT THAT MEANS FOR THE INTERNATI." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3276.
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The Indian and Chinese space programs have evolved into technologically advanced vehicles of national prestige and international competition for developed nations. The programs continue to evolve with impetus that India and China will have the same space capabilities as the United States with in the coming years. This will present new challenges to the international community in spheres civilian, to space and military applications and their residual benefits.M.A.
Department of Political Science
Sciences
Political Science MA
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Lila, Kumkum. "Occupational mobility among scavengers of Bhopal: A sociological study." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3984.
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Tai, Shih-Chieh, and 戴士杰. "Analyse Crisis Managemnet by Systems Thinkng Approach:Take Bhopal accident as example." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66566996266581611376.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
92
This study is according to the assumption of Systems dynamics approach to discuss the definitions of crisis management theory, and believes that there is not only crisis that happened naturally or simply created by human error, but also self-formed crisis by decision maker: Crisis comes from a decision which was right at that time. After complex interaction in the organization structure, this decision could turn into a serious crisis. If we can find out which decision would created crisis like that, or change the wrong structure, manager could put more effort on those crisis that could not be predict, and release the resource burden of management. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1. This study divides crisis into two categories: Crisis that formed gradually and accident. The former could be solved by systematic view. 2. Form the history of studied case, we found that if decision maker didn’t think about what side effect might have in the future, it could trigger some of reinforce loops and cause the crisis. And the reason of why they make the wrong decision is caused by the mental models of what could be right. 3. Each of the Fifth disciplines of learning organization could make the organizations more healthy, it could have chance to avoid all the troubles in this case study, and keep the decision makers and members of organization from making wrong decision according to their mental models.
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Laughlin, Kim. "Writing "Bhopal": Rhetorical perspectives on India, environmentalism and the politics of disaster." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16640.
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This dissertation explores the ways contemporary environmental politics in India combine older Leftist agendas with important new critiques of the role of science and technology in societal development. The primary case study is Bhopal, where micro-level issues of health care, vocational rehabilitation and housing are addressed alongside macro-level issues of international law, technology transfer and trade liberalization. The Bhopal material is situated within broader patterns of opposition through comparison with the resistance strategies of other victimized areas.
Theoretically, this dissertation is an analysis of the rhetorical strategies used by Indian environmental activists in their attempts to respond to and shape contemporary politics. Each section is both an example of a specific rhetorical strategy and an analysis of the kind of information which can be carried through the specified writing form. Threaded throughout the dissertation is an accounting of how questions about writing occur not only when confronted with the task of scholarly representation but also throughout the work of political activism, particularly when it is working within an emerging discourse such as that of environmentalism. Also emphasized is the connection between rhetorics, the contexts in which they are produced and their effects on social change.
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Mohan, B. M. K. "Housing policy and programmes in urban Bhopal : A study in social and environmental change." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3606.
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KASERA, REEMA. "TEMPERATURE FORECAST CONSIDERING THE IMPACT OF RAINFALL: A CASE STUDY ON BETWA RIVER BASIN AT BAIRAGARH STATION (BHOPAL)." Thesis, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18163.
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In climate impact studies, temperature forecasting has been considered as one of the most
important factors on the sector of vegetation, irrigation, water resources and tourism. The main
objective of this study is to forecast daily maximum and minimum temperature in Bairagarh
station, Bhopal by employing auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and the autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) models. This study
compares the two models and provide the best-fit prediction with the observed actual data.
The daily maximum and minimum temperature observations between 1982 and 2012 were
collected from NASA’s POWER data access viewer. ARIMA model was applied to the daily
maximum and minimum temperature series to have the best-fit model however, ARIMA can
capture the effect of rainfall by itself but introducing rainfall as exogenous variable will improve
the efficiency. That is why ARIMAX was considered in this study.
The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and residual
ACF serves as the error measures in evaluating the forecast ability of the models. The effect of
(AIC) was tested. As compared to the ARIMA models, ARIMAX model performed well with
lower error matrices, this effect was more significant in maximum temperature series. Which
indicates that the rainfall factor was influential in the model. The results shows that the model with
parameter greater than 1 and less than 3 would work better for Bairagarh station there is a
significant correlation between rainfall and temperature, which is evident by the reduced error
from ARIMAX modelling.
For maximum temperature, ARIMA models (1, 1, 1), (2, 1, 1) and (1, 1, 2) have performed well
compared to the other models at training stage with RMSE value of 1.325144, 1.319782, and
1.320031 and the AIC values were 12423.88, 12396.3, and 12397.67 and MAPE value of
2.953642, 2.939284 and 2.940243 respectively. At testing stage, model (1, 1, 2) have shown best
results with RMSE=1.379335, AIC=1273.74, MAPE= 3.1285561.
Whereas for minimum temperature, the ARIMA models (1, 1, 2), (2, 0, 2), (2, 1, 1), ( 3, 0, 0), and
(3, 1, 0) at training stage with RMSE value of 1.287539, 1.286019, 1.287261, 1.303937, and
1.299155 and AIC values were 12215.74, 12216.6, 12214.16, 12315.47,and 12281.22 and MAPE
value of 6.068753, 6.08717, 6.731284, 6.147745, and 6.090528 respectively. At validation stage
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model (2, 1, 1) have shown better results among all, with AIC = 1236.45, RMSE = 1.310559, and
MAPE = 6.731284.
For maximum temperature, ARIMAX models obtained for the considered station at training stage
were (1, 1, 1), (2, 1, 1) and (1, 1, 2) have performed well compared to the other models with
RMSE value of 1.3769, 1.3716, and 1.3714 and the AIC values were 1272.47, 1269.68, and
1269.57 respectively. At testing stage, model (1, 1, 2) have shown best results with RMSE=1.3714,
AIC=1269.57, MAPE= 3.115147.
Whereas for minimum temperature, the ARIMAX models (1, 1, 2), (2, 0, 2), (2, 1, 1), ( 3, 0, 0),
and (3, 1, 0) at training stage with RMSE value of 1.285462, 1.283925, 1.285178, 1.301806, and
1.297123 and AIC values were 12205.94, 12206.69, 12204.34, 12305.52,and 12271.79 and MAPE
value of 6.054431, 6.071131, 6.053243, 6.134001, and 6.077045 respectively. At validation stage
model (2, 1, 1) have shown better results among all, with AIC = 1236.45, RMSE = 1.310558, and
MAPE = 6.730814.
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Gopalakrishnan, S. G. "Mesoscale dispersion modelling in a weak wind stable boundary layer with a special reference to the Bhopal gas episode." Thesis, 1996. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/2641.
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Preckel, Claudia [Verfasser]. "Islamische Bildungsnetzwerke und Gelehrtenkultur im Indien des 19. Jahrhunderts: Muḥammad Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Ḫān (st. 1890) und die Entstehung der Ahl-e ḥadīṯ-Bewegung in Bhopal / vorgelegt von Claudia Preckel." 2008. http://d-nb.info/992503949/34.
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Kumari, Abhilasha. "Impact of television on a minority community: A case study of muslims of pahadi bhojla." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/661.
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Bhosale, Sidhanath Vishwanath [Verfasser]. "Hydrophobic and hydrophilic yoctowells used for molecular sorting and as 3D-ligands / by Sidhanath Vishwanath Bhosale." 2005. http://d-nb.info/97817299X/34.
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HSU, KUO-LUNG, and 徐國隆. "A Research on Chinese Buddhism in Thailand－A Case Study of Chinese Buddhist Sect Bhoman-Khunaram Temple." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6hn7kv.
Full textAbstract:
碩士玄奘大學
宗教學系碩士在職專班
102
Abstract Buddhism is highly prevalent in Thailand (a country of kasaya). Being the state religion there are a great deal of followers across the nation, including the Emperor and the royal families. The numerous pagodas, temples and monks have become the three major characteristics of Thailand. Contemporary Mahayana Buddhism was introduced to Thailand by Vietnam and China at the end of the 18th century. The First Patriarch of Chinese Buddhist Sect, Monk Hsu Hsing, built Yung Fu Temple and remodeled Kan Lu Temple. After that, he built the first temple of Chinese Buddhist Sect, Lung Lien Temple, which already has around one hundred and fifty years of history. The Chinese Buddhism was introduced and combined and localized with the local Theravada Buddhism. Under the guidance and hard efforts of the seven Patriarchs of the Chinese Buddhist Sect, Chinese Buddhism has become a very crucial part of Mahayana Buddhism among the three main sects in Thailand. The subject research aims to explore the formation, inheritance, development, and future plans of the Chinese Buddhist Sect in Thailand. The contents of each chapter are as follows: Chapter One, the preface, expounds the motivation and scope of the study, research methodology, literature review and discussion, study limits, research framework and the summary to each chapter. Chapter Two introduces the history of Buddhism in Thailand and the development of the Chinese Buddhist Sect in Thailand: a sketch to Thai Buddhist characteristics, a review of the historical documents and its characteristics about the Chinese Buddhist Sect, the status quo investigation on Bhoman-Khunaram Temple, the Muen Buddha Temple, and the Fo En Zen Temple. Chapter Three introduces the status quo and the legal basis of the Chinese Buddhist Sect in Thai Buddhism, the powers, status and selection of a patriarch of the Chinese Buddhist Sect, and the establishment and operation of the committee members. Chapter Four introduces the temples of the Chinese Buddhist Sect and the architectural design of Bhoman-Khunaram Temple, including the front yard of the mountain door, the Great King Temple, the main Temple (Ubosot), Vihara Buraphacharn, Kuan Im Temple, the Vihara of “Kasitikharbha” Bodhisattva, and the Canon House, etc. Chapter Five introduces the stories of the seven patriarchs, including how they preached, the reasons behind building the temples, why they were respected by Thai people, and how the Thai Monk Imperial and Thai Emperor canonized and conferred aristocratic titles to the patriarchs. Chapter Six introduces the education and the practice of the Chinese Buddhist Sect: how they establisheded Tzu En junior high school, Lung Lien junior high school, Pu Te junior high school to foster talents, what the concepts and plans for the future Sangha University are, and the five lessons, regular lessons, the methods of practice in Bhoman-Khunaram Temple. Chapter Seven introduces the financial resources of Bhoman-Khunaram Temple, which are mainly from the followers’ donations, as well as the job and the duties of Sanghas. Chapter Eight introduces not only the history but the characteristics of Thai Buddhism and Chinese Buddhist Sect Mahayana Buddhism, and some personal opinions on the issues such as the cultivation of talents, popularization of Chinese education, localization of the Chinese educators, dharma propagation by the use of modern network technology, and so forth. Overseas field study and interview of Thai Chinese Buddhist Sect has its limits and difficulties. The revolution of Sanghas by Thai Ven. Bodh-Chaeng ensured the Chinese Buddhist Sect a crucial position in Thailand. That is a heritage to Ven.Yen-Teck and to the millions of Thai followers. It is worthy of continuous further study. Keywords：The Chinese BuddhismSect. Ven. Bodh-Chaeng.Ven.Yen-Teck. Lung Lien Temple. Bhoman-Khunaram Temple.the Muen Buddha Temple.
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Bhosale, Sheshanath Vishwanath [Verfasser]. "Synthesis of bolaamphiphiles and yoctowells with a porphyrin : bottom on aminated silica particles containing long distance photoactive Redox pairs and rigid crust / by Sheshanath Vishwanath Bhosale." 2004. http://d-nb.info/973383240/34.
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Dahal, Bhola Kumar [Verfasser]. "Effects of a modulation of the urokinase type plasminogen activator (u-PA) system in chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in mice / vorgelegt von Bhola Kumar Dahal." 2008. http://d-nb.info/98939087X/34.
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