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Academic literature on the topic 'Bhutan – Civilization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bhutan – Civilization"
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van Norren, Dorine Eva. "Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: Is Buddhist Constitutionalism Legitimate in the Age of Secularism? A Post-Colonial View." Religions 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010072.
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Bhutan’s current constitution draws upon the historical dual system of religious-civil governance under the monarchy (previously Abbot-king) embodying the Mahayana Buddhist concept of Boddhisatva-leadership. Bhutan’s democracy includes an executive-military and pluralist religious custodian role for the King who can be abdicated by parliament. It includes Gross National Happiness as spiritual core, which is non-binding law, incorporating many human rights and human values like compassion. The ban on proselytization in the secular constitution should be viewed from a geopolitical post-colonial perspective of the Christian civilization mission and India/China annexation-politics, and Asian definitions of secularism (Royal patronage of religious pluralism). Christians do experience restrictions on congregation. Hindu Nepalese-origin migrants experience(d) citizenship issues due to geopolitical context but can express religion fully. GNH-policy also has certain implementation difficulties and the GNH index indicates declining community values and spirituality in the face of modernist development. Bhutan’s constitution does not fall within the definition of theocracy. The clergy is excluded from the electoral process. The King’s authority is mainly based on moral leadership, popular uncertainty about imported democracy, and is non-absolute but larger than conventional constitutional monarchies. The constitution is more secular than Buddhist in its binding provisions and offers space for non-GNH oriented governments, also in recent practice. Preserving identity and stability is Bhutan’s aim and secularism needs to look at a group approach, apart from individualist approaches. Human rights traditions could acknowledge the cultural-religious roots that inspired them and keep human dignity alive, instead of wanting to remove it from the state altogether and making human rights the new religion.
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Brudnicki, Piotr. "Turbokapitalizm – szanse i zagrożenia rozwoju w warunkach gospodarki wysoko rozwiniętej." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 4 (November 29, 2013): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2013.4.6.
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This paper acquainted readers with the concept of turbo-capitalism as a form of capitalism. The person who precisely defi ne this is Edward Luttwak, term of turbo-capitalism through free markets, privatization, globalization and deregulation. The paper set the basic differences between capitalism and turbo-capitalism. Economic stability and job security is for the individual “better tomorrow”. The development of technology and faster flow of information should promote economic development and economic progress of modern states. I would like to draw. the attention on the fact that turbo-capitalism is focused on maximizing profits, which does not solve social problems. National governments are losing economic strenght and, consequently, reduces social welfare and does not prevent crime and terrorism. Multiplication of turbo-capitalism profits leads to the increase of unemployment and therefore social pathology. This paper shows that the wellbeing, which is the main objective of turbo-capitalism, could not be the main goal of politics and society as it improves the material status of a few individuals, while it does not bring happiness to the majority. My work in this area is a “voice” of the wise limitations of turbo-capitalism, because this process uncontrolled can lead to the destruction of mankind. I tried to show that turbo-capitalism is the greatest threat to democracy. Capitalism could not focus on the individual, because it leads to “loneliness” of people in a wide range. In my work I have acquainted the reader with the situation created in Bhutan, during the inventions of civilization. I had presented in this work opportunities for Third World countries through the free movement of capital, modern technologies and investments. The reader has to understand, however, that the information revolution brings very big threat to humanity. The Industrial Revolution leads t o rapid growth in employment and decline of information technology indicators at one time. The reader should learn from the negative effects of the American turbo-capitalism and help to develop positive qualities.
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Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat, Muhammad Aamir, Imad-ud-Din Akbar, and Majid Ali. "Deciphering the Global Private Financial Flows." Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i1.1605.
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Cross border and inter country financial recourse is like a civilization hold. It is fundamentally important phenomenon to study. Purpose of this study is to investigate inter country global private financial flows in context of current financial regimes. Design of the study is quantitative based on a secondary data taken from website of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. A literature review of relevant studies extracted from renowned research databases is also integral part of the overall design of the study. For the purpose of analysis and investigation the study uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). GRA is a mathematical technique capable of handling a multitude of alternatives with plenty of criteria simultaneously. It is a ranking technique that generates the reference series, normalizes the data and compares the weighted average grey coefficients with reference series. GRA is a popular methodology espoused in grey systems theory. It is the study of eighty-three countries on the basis of five different criteria. The countries have been ranked according to Grey relational grades by using rank function of excel and are divided into seven different categories on the basis of intensity of financial flows. The categories have been made on the basis of ordinal scale e.g. exceptionally high level of private global financial flows, excellent, very good, good, fair, poor and very poor. Results show that China, Niger, Brazil, Mozambique, Mongolia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Cambodia, Grenada, Thailand, Indonesia, Argentina and Maldives have exceptionally high private financial flows, whereas, countries namely Lesotho, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Botswana, Guatemala, Solomon Islands, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Bhutan, Angola and Russian Federation have poor financial flows. Majorly, Arabian Countries (AC), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) countries fall under exceptionally high ensign, whereas, member countries of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) countries fall under very poor ensign. This study is useful for political governments, international agencies, researchers and academia (students and teachers of international finance). It also provides new information and deeper insights by way of assigning grey relational grades to countries and classifies them into seven groups. It also extends discussion to enlighten upon bloc level position.
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Emelyanova, Natalia. "Political Modernization in the States of South Asia: Historical Trends and Current Models." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-2 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018078-4.
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The article focuses on the analysis of the realities of political and modernization processes that determine the historical and political development of modern countries of the South Asian subregion. The political process in the states of South Asia is considered in the context of the main milestones of state and nation-building. In this regard, the article touches upon the following significant subjects: the shift in the emphasis of nation-building in modern India as the largest non-Western democracy, the departure from the policy of isolationism in Nepal, the influence of the military-bureaucratic apparatus on instability in Pakistan and Bangladesh, the influence of the ethno-national conflict (Sinhalo-Tamil armed conflict) in Sri Lanka on the political process, “training democracy” in the Kingdom of Bhutan, attempts at democratic reforms in the Republic of Maldives. It is noted that despite the ethnic, confessional and political-cultural diversity, the Southern countries have points of contact in the common past: firstly, for a long time (until the late Middle Ages) they existed within the framework of a single socio-cultural community of Indian civilization; secondly, most of them share a common colonial past, which made a kind of “inoculation” of Western political institutions. The main trends of the modern historical and political development of South Asian countries are revealed: the potential instability of political systems, the asynchrony of the temporal experience of political modernization processes, the pendulum-like legitimization of power (from strengthening national identity to returning to democratic transformations, and vice versa), the deideologization of mass political consciousness. The political modernization processes of South Asian countries are also considered in the context of strengthening religious identity and the success of religious nationalisms in the political life of states. It is concluded that the lack of demand for moderate reformism in modern South Asian countries over the past decades can be explained in several socio-philosophical perspectives: firstly, as a result of a natural rollback of forced institutional modernization, followed by a new round of modernization according to the type of the most effective Western model of socio-political development, which is universal; secondly, as one of the variants of the plurality of modernity, when religious revival is perceived as one of the possible interpretations of modernization, taking into account the socio-cultural context, in which there is no place for secular cosmopolitanism.
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R, Kannagi. "Insecta in Association with Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (July 20, 2022): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s823.
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The world is the combination of the five Bhudas. In this Sangha literature is the reason for our Tamil language to get a better place and a classical language qualification. In that way, according to the rules stated by Tolkappiyar and Nannular from the literatures such as Natriana, Kurundogai, Ainkuruhunuru, Agananunuru, and Kalittokai, these literatures are mentioned as internal part of Sangam literature, about the snails, conchs, panilams, clams, oysters, palakarai–(chozhi) which have senses, ability and language, and other creatures related to them. The purpose of this article is to clearly explain the news about the amphibians and the places they live in, their different types, the conditions they live in, the methods of destruction of those organisms and the reasons for that. Due to the development of today's civilization, the various resources and living things found in the country are being destroyed and are going towards destruction. This article explains the serious intention that the future generations should realize this and act
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Dhamija, Jasleen, Manjari Nirula, and Edric Ong. "The ‘Tree of Life’ or Pohon-Budi: An International Exhibition Celebrates a Global Heritage." Journal of Heritage Management 6, no. 2 (November 8, 2021): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24559296211050976.
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This article by a team of scholars, activists and a designer describes an effort to understand a heritage shared across many cultures—the Tree of Life is a symbol that appears in the myths, crafts and arts of civilizations on every continent—and to bring that heritage alive through exhibits featuring present-day artisans and artists. After overcoming major administrative barriers, an exhibition on this sacred theme premiered in Kuala Lumpur in 2015, curated by a Malaysian–Indian team. Expressions brought together from 35 countries blended natural and cultural ecologies with the sensitivity of each creator, working with a range of materials. After Malaysia, the exhibition travelled to India, the USA, Canada, Taiwan and Thailand. It is expected to move to Bhutan, China, the UK and elsewhere once the pandemic condition allows. Meanwhile, documentation and publication have helped share a breathtaking resource of knowledge and design. Described as ‘a thread that links the world’, this Tree of Life celebration demonstrates the importance of investing in research to build a foundation of scholarship upon which heritage can be brought to life for new generations. Here, the creativity and innovation of those who are repositories of ancient wisdom make tradition relevant to new times, revealing heritage as a timeless process that can be managed and shared by bringing old and contemporary disciplines together in new and uniting partnerships that extend far beyond political borders. New opportunities have opened for participants, inspiring other efforts. Here, heritage not only identifies the identity of each participating culture. These identities also combine as a shared heritage of all humankind, with the Tree of Life as a symbol of caring for the earth and for each other.
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Yasa, Kadek Agus Merta, Gede Saindra Santyadiputra, and I. Gede Mahendra Darmawiguna. "Film Dokumenter Tradisi Megebeg-Gebegan “Sebuah Kebersamaan Yang Hilang”." Kumpulan Artikel Mahasiswa Pendidikan Teknik Informatika (KARMAPATI) 8, no. 2 (July 21, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/karmapati.v8i2.18262.
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Tradisi Magebeg-Gebegan merupakan tradisi yang dilakukan oleh Masyarakat Desa Tukadmungga. Tradisi perebutan kepala anak sapi ini dilaksanakan secara turun temurun oleh masyarakat Desa Tukadmungga yang digelar pada saat upacara Bhuta Yadnya yaitu upacara pecaruan tawur kesanga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Untuk mengimplementasikan hasil rancangan film dokumenter tradisi Megebeg–Gebegan Desa Tukadmungga, (2) Untuk mengetahui respon kalangan masyarakat terhadap hasil film dokumenter tradisi Megebeg–Gebegan Desa Tukadmungga. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan pada film dokumenter tradisi Megebeg-Gebegan adalah model Cyclic Strategy. Cyclic Strategy merupakan sebuah metode yang ada kalanya suatu tahap perlu diulang kembali sebelum tahap berikutnya dilanjutkan. Adapun tahap–tahap dari Cyclic Strategy diantaranya adalah brief, tahap 1, tahap 2, evaluasi 1, tahap 3, evaluasi 2, tahap 4 dan Outcome. Dengan dibuatkanya film dokumenter tradisi Megebeg–Gebegan ini, masyarakat akan menyadari pentingnya eksistensi tradisi lokal yang dimiliki sebagai warisan peradaban di masa lampau untuk dilestarikan sebagai penjunjung nilai sejarah, norma, dan keunikan tradisi di daerah tempat tinggal. Selain itu film dokumenter tradisi Megebeg-Gebegan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai media informasi serta menjadi inspirasi bagi masyarakat Desa Tukadmungga pada khususnya. Kata kunci : Film Dokumenter, Tradisi Megebeg–Gebegan, Tradisi Lokal. The Magebeg-Gebegan tradition is a tradition carried out by the Tukadmungga Village Community. This calf head grab tradition is carried out from generation to generation by the people in Tukadmungga Village which was held at the Bhuta Yadnya ceremony a day before Nyepi day, namely the tawur kesanga renewal ceremony. This study aims to (1) To implement the results of the documentary design of Megebeg-Gebegan tradition in Tukadmungga Village, (2) To find out the community response to the results of documentary film Megebeg-Gebegan tradition in Tukadmungga Village. The research method used in the documentary Megebeg-Gebegan tradition is the Cyclic Strategy model. Cyclic Strategy is a method that sometimes has to be repeated before the next stage continues. The stages of Cyclic Strategy include briefs, stage 1, stage 2, evaluation 1, stage 3, evaluation 2, stage 4 and Outcome. With this documentary on the Megebeg-Gebegan tradition, the public will realize the how importance is the existence of local traditions that have been held as a legacy of civilization in the past to be preserved as upholding historical values, norms, and unique traditions in the area of residence. In addition, the documentary of Megebeg-Gebegan tradition can be used as a medium of information as well as an inspiration for the people of Tukadmungga Village in particular. Keywords: Documentary Film, Megebeg-Gebegan Tradition, Local Tradition.
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JIGME, JIGME, and KARMA YANGCHEN. "An ethnobotanical study of plants used in socio-religious activities in Bhutan." Asian Journal of Ethnobiology 5, no. 1 (April 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y050105.
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Abstract. Jigme, Yangchen K. 2022. An ethnobotanical study of plants used in socio-religious activities in Bhutan. Asian J Ethnobiol 5: 44-51. Ethnobotany encompasses all elements of plants’ natural and direct interaction with humans. Plants have been linked to human civilization since antiquity. Like Hindu people, Buddhists worship plants or use their components in different ways to perform various socio-religious ceremonies. However, this indigenous knowledge is diminishing rapidly due to the disinterest shown by the younger generation. Therefore, there need to document this indigenous knowledge regarding the usage of religious plants. The present study was conducted in Kanglung Gewog under Trashigang Dzongkhag, Bhutan, to document the plant species used for religious purposes. The ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured telephone interviews. A total of 24 plant species belonging to 16 families and 22 genera used in religious practices were documented. Among the 16 families, the most utilized species belong to the family Poaceae (4 species), followed by the family Ericaceae and Cupressaceae (3 species each) and Pinaceae (2 species). Out of these, trees account for 58 percent of all plants reported, followed by herbs (25%), shrubs (13%), and climbers (4%). The tree's trunk's most utilized parts, followed by the leaves, whole plant, seeds, and fruits. The majority of the plants recorded (58%) are used for religious ceremonies, and 42 percent of the plants are used for making religious items. The people of Kanglung have extensive indigenous knowledge on using plants in socio-religious activities. Still, rapid socio-economic development and the disinterest of the younger generation have become a major threat to preserving this indigenous knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve this indigenous knowledge on using plants in socio-religious activities by proper documentation and identification of plant species used to save these plants from further loss and sustainable utilization.
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Sharma, Meenakshi. ""A Study of Indian College Students' Happiness and Related Factors: A Review"." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management, February 1, 2022, 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.1.27.
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India is a fascinating case study in happiness. Because of its remarkable history, fast economic development, huge population, and ethnic, religious, and linguistic variety, it is a one-of-a-kind civilization. In this chapter, we look at happiness as both a "outside-in" and "inside-out" phenomena, and we put it in the context of India. We examine poll data on Indians' life satisfaction from the outside in, finding that they are moderately happy but may grow more so if policies are established to provide employment and infrastructure to more people. We look at the various ways that subtle culture influences individual happiness from the inside out. Finally, we provide suggestions for happiness-related treatments. The findings in this area are significant not just for their contribution to our knowledge of human behavior, but also for their policy implications. While Bhutan may very well have taken a risk by coining the phrase Using the phrase 'Gross National Happiness,' a play on the more often used term 'Gross National Product,' a growing number of economists are realizing that happiness survey.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bhutan – Civilization"
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Penjore, Dorji. "A preliminary ethnography of a village in Central Bhutan with a particular reference to Bomena, a traditional courtship custom." Master's thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149940.
Full textBooks on the topic "Bhutan – Civilization"
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Frank, Rennie, and Mason Robin, eds. Bhutan: Ways of knowing. Charlotte, NC: IAP, 2008.
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John, Ardussi, and Pommaret Francoise, eds. Bhutan: Traditions and changes. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
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Dimri, Jaiwanti. The Drukpa mystique, Bhutan in 21st century. Delhi: Authorpress, 2004.
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International Seminar on Bhutanese Studies (2nd 2006 Centre for Bhutan Studies). Media and public culture in Bhutan: Papers submitted for the Second International Seminar on Bhutanese Studies, June 26-28, 2006, the Centre for Bhutan Studies. [Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies, 2006.
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Johnson, Gordon. Cultural atlas of India: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh & Sri Lanka. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1996.
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Historical development of the National Museum of Bhutan. Delhi: Prominent Publishers, 2004.
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A concise cultural history of Bhutan = 'Brug gi lam srol byuṅ rabs bsdus gsal. Delhi: Prominent Publishers, 2008.
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Dorji, Karma Singye. Dreaming of prayer flags: Stories and images from Bhutan. [Los Osos, Calif.?]: Shum Press, 2008.
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Brauen, Martin. Irgendwo in Bhutan: Wo die Frauen (fast immer) das Sagen haben. Frauenfeld: Waldgut in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Völkerkundemuseum der Universität Zürich, 1994.
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