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Academic literature on the topic 'Bhutan Himalayas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bhutan Himalayas"

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Gurung, Mer Man, Cheten Dorji, Dhan B. Gurung, and Harry Smit. "Checklist of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of the Himalayan and Tien Shan Mountains." Ecologica Montenegrina 57 (October 2, 2022): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.57.2.

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We present an annotated checklist of 238 species of water mites found in the Himalayan and Tien Shan Mountain ranges. The checklist is based on published records and the available data collected from bibliography on water mites of the two mountain regions covering eight countries i.e., Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Nepal, and Tajikistan. Moreover, recent new material has been collected in Kyrgyzstan and Bhutan. Atractides species are more dominant in the Himalayas than in the Tien Shan Mountain. In contrast, Lebertia and Sperchon species are predominant in the Tien Shan Mountain but not in the Himalayas. Interestingly Torrenticola and Monatractides are very scanty in the Tien Shan Mountains but common in the Himalayan streams.

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Kohli, Manorama. "Bhutan's Strategic Environment: Changing Perceptions." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 42, no. 2 (January 1986): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848604200203.

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For about a decade now one has been noticing some changes and shifts in the land-locked dragon kingdom of Bhutan's perceptions of its strategic neighbourhood—India and China. The two Asian giants situated in the south and north of Bhutan are so vital in geo-political terms that their attitudes towards this buffer state as also their relative capability distribution in the Himalayan region and in South Asia will always determine practically all foreign policy considerations of Bhutan. It need hardly be stressed that Bhutan is strategically important for both its big neighbours because of its location. This is the most compelling reason for both India and China to strive for special and friendly relationships with this Buddhist theocratic state. The tri-junction of the Chumbi Valley (Tibet), Sikkim (India) and Bhutan in the eastern Himalayas is of key importance for the security of the sprawling continental mass of India as well as that of China Being only about six miles from the Chumbi Valley, the passes in Bhutan. as also Nathu La are perceived by the Chinese as likely routes for invasion from the south. Evidently a very friendly, and if possible, a dependent Bhutan will give additional security to Tibet and hence to the Chinese mainland.1

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Mahmudur, Mahmudur. "India-Bhutan Relations: A Small State’s Quest for Freedom." Research in Economics and Management 7, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): p29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v7n2p29.

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Bhutan is located on the eastern ridges of the Himalayas between the Assam-Bengal Plain of India to the south and the Plateau of Tibet of southwestern China to the north. In British India the colonial administration established a classical hegemonic relationship with the remote kingdom. In the Treaty of Punakha (1910) the sovereignty of the Bhutanese Royal government was recognized in exchange for submitting control of foreign relations to the British. In independent India, the Himalayan Kingdoms were sandwiched between India and China, facing an uncertain future about their political sovereignty. India concluded a new Treaty with Bhutan (the India-Bhutan Treaty of Peace and Friendship) in 1949, which was designed to remain in force “in perpetuity,” consolidating the essence of the British hegemonic policy of controlling smaller neighbors, with India being the new imperial power. Bhutan became a member state of the UN in 1971 after India finally agreed to sponsor its application, but the small state has limited authority to conduct foreign relations without prior consent from India, and it does not even enjoy formal diplomatic relationship with any of the five permanent members in the United Nations. Bhutan’s quest to wield control over its own affairs free of the influence of India remains unfulfilled.

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Yoshida, Toshio, Rinchen Yangzom, and David Long. "Dancing Butterflies of the East Himalayas." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 14 (January 17, 2017): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2016.193.

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The region from eastern Bhutan to Arunachal Pradesh of India and the adjacent south-eastern Tibet and northern Myanmar seems to be one of the last frontiers not only for Meconopsis hunting but also for other botanical exploration. Although there remain political difficulties for foreigners to approach the unsettled border between India and China, including the famous Tsari valley with its prominently rich flora, which was visited by Frank Ludlow, George Sherriff, Frank Kingdon-Ward and a few other plant hunters before 1950, some botanical and horticultural treasures in this region have gradually been revealed to recent travellers. As a result of examining the photographs taken by these travellers and our own botanical field research in eastern Bhutan in 2014, accompaniedby subsequent herbarium studies, two species new to science are described. The first, from eastern Bhutan and adjacent Arunachal Pradesh and Tibet, has long been cultivated under the names M. grandis or M. grandis GS600, and has recently been described as M. grandis subsp. orientalis (Grey-Wilson, 2010). It is the national flower of Bhutan. However, the type of M. grandis from Sikkim belongs to a species quite distinct from the eastern populations and the latter is now described as a new species, Meconopsis gakyidiana. The second novelty, Meconopsis merakensis,is newly described from eastern Bhutan and adjacent Arunachal Pradesh. In the past this species was confused with the closely allied M. prainiana. The two species are isolated geographically, M.prainiana being found only much further to the north-east, in south-eastern Tibet, including theTsari valley. The title of this article is based on a comparison made by Frank Kingdon-Ward of Meconopsis flowers with butterflies in Tibet (see below).

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Kumar, Pranav. "Sino-Bhutanese Relations." China Report 46, no. 3 (August 2010): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944551104600306.

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Historically the interaction between Bhutan and China was through Tibet. The annexation of Tibet by China and the later uprising in Tibet instilled a sense of fear in Bhutan causing it to close its northern border in 1960. However, Bhutan adopted a more open policy in the 1970s gradually increasing the contacts between the two neighbours. Border talks which started in 1984 resulted in an agreement in 1998 on maintaining peace and tranquility along border areas. While China and Bhutan neither have diplomatic relations nor any legal trade, growing Chinese interests in South Asia encompass Bhutan as well. Bhutan, therefore, faces the dilemma of not hurting the interests and sentiments of its traditional friend India while at the same time needing to respond to Chinese overtures and to solve the border problem peacefully and urgently; in the Sino-Bhutanese relationship, the Indian element remains the most important variable. The dynamics of the Sino-Indian relationship and Indian and Chinese strategic interests and activities in the Himalayas will be crucial in shaping Bhutan’s policies towards China.

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Bhandari, S., and J. H. Speer. "Growth-climate relationship of Pinus wallichiana in three different parts of the Himalayas." Banko Janakari 30, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v30i1.29177.

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We have used six tree-ring width chronologies of Pinus wallichiana from the Himalayan region, which are available in the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB), to determine their growth trends through time and the growth-climate relationship. Each of the chronologies downloaded from the ITRDB was detrended using an Age-dependent Cubic Smoothing Spline with a 20-year starting spline stiffness in the RCSigfree Software Program. We broke the six chronologies into three regions based on natural breaks between the sample sites. Altogether, three composite chronologies were made, one each from Bhutan, Nepal, and Pakistan. The average value for common periods was taken from each of those two chronologies to make a composite chronology. Across the three regions, the growth was lowest in the 1810s and has increased since 1980s. The growth showed a significant positive response to the winter temperature (November-February) in the eastern Himalayas in Bhutan. The chronology from Nepal showed that the growth of this species had a significant positive response to the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index of the previous year’s December and the current year’s January and March. In the western Himalayas of Pakistan, the growth of the same species is positively correlated to the annual self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index. Winter temperature limits the growth of this species in the eastern Himalayas where there is enough moisture whereas the growth of this species is primarily limited by moisture in the western Himalayas

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Khan, Muhammad Rameez, Zia-ur Rehman, Sidra Noreen Nazir, Sangay Tshewang, Suraj Baidya, David Hodson, Muhammad Imtiaz, and Sajid Ali. "Genetic Divergence and Diversity in Himalayan Puccinia striiformis Populations from Bhutan, Nepal, and Pakistan." Phytopathology® 109, no. 10 (October 2019): 1793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-19-0031-r.

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The western Himalayan region in Pakistan has been shown to be the center of diversity of Puccinia striiformis; however, little is known about its genetic relations with the eastern part of the Himalayas. We studied the genetic structure of P. striiformis from Nepal (35 isolates) and Bhutan (31 isolates) in comparison with 81 Pakistani samples collected during 2015 and 2016, through microsatellite genotyping. Genetic analyses revealed a recombinant and highly diverse population structure in Pakistan, Bhutan, and Nepal. A high level of genotypic diversity (>0.90) was observed for the three countries of Pakistan (0.96), Bhutan (0.96), and Nepal (0.91) with the detection of 108 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in the overall population; 59 for Pakistan, 27 for Bhutan, and 26 for Nepal. Mean number of alleles per locus and gene diversity were higher in Nepal (3.19 and 0.458, respectively) than Bhutan (3.12 and 0.458, respectively). A nonsignificant difference between the observed and the expected heterozygosity in all populations further confirmed the recombinant structure. A clear population subdivision between the Himalayan region of Nepal, Bhutan, and Pakistan was evident, as revealed by FST values (ranging between 0.111 to 0.198), discriminant analysis of principal components, and resampling of MLGs. Limited gene flow could be present between Nepal and Bhutan, while the population from Pakistan was clearly distinct, and no divergence was present between two populations from Pakistan (Bajaur and Malakand). The overall high diversity and recombination signature suggested the potential role of recombination in the eastern Himalayan region (Nepal and Bhutan), which needs to be considered during host resistance deployment and in the context of aerial dispersal of the pathogen. Further surveillance should be made in the Himalayan region for disease management in the region and in the context of worldwide invasions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

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Allison, Elizabeth. "Deity Citadels: Sacred Sites of Bio-Cultural Resistance and Resilience in Bhutan." Religions 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10040268.

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Consistent with the pan-Himalayan tendency to see the landscape as lively and animated, protector deities and local spirits are perceived to inhabit various features of the landscape in Bhutan, causing these places to be treated with reverence and respect. Local spiritual beliefs are prized as central to the cultural identity of the Kingdom, making their way into government planning documents, town planning negotiations, and the 2008 Constitution. This elevation of local spiritual belief has been central to the maintenance and preservation of Bhutanese culture in its encounter with globally hegemonic social, economic, and political norms. Spirits and deities are believed to be the original owners of the land predating the introduction of Buddhism from Tibet. According to terma texts—spiritual treasures hidden by great Buddhist teachers to be discovered later—the initial introduction of Buddhism into Bhutan occurred in the seventh century. At that time, the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, the 32nd king of the Yarlung dynasty, built two temples in western and central parts of Bhutan as part of a strategy to pin down a demoness who was ravaging the Himalaya. About a century after the construction of the temples, Padmasambhava, known throughout the Himalayas as Guru Rimpoche, or “Precious Teacher,” arrived in Bhutan, subjugated eight classes of local spirits and made them sworn protectors of the Dharma. In this way, local deities and spirits became incorporated into Bhutan’s Vajrayana Buddhism to the extent that images of them are found at Buddhist temples and monasteries. Vajrayana Buddhism and local deities and spirits twine together in Bhutan to shape a cosmology that recognizes a spectrum of sentient beings, only some of whom are visible. The presence of deities and spirits informs local land use. Deity abodes or “citadels” (Dz.: pho brang) are restricted from human use. The presence of a deity citadel is sufficient in some locales to cause the diversion or reconsideration of human construction and resource use. By grounding spiritual beliefs in specific sites of the landscape, the citadels of deities sanctify the landscape, becoming nodes of resistance and resilience that support the Bhutanese in inhabiting their own internally-consistent cosmology, even as the pressures of global integration seek to impose hegemonic Western norms.

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Namgay, Tashi. "Nation’s waste on the scale: The first Bhutan waste inventory report." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200742.

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Knowing the quantity and the composition of waste is essential to designing and delivering sound waste management policies and waste management systems. Bhutan’s 12th Five-Year Development Plan emphasizes effective waste management as one of its key performance indicators and globally, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the importance of waste in two of its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. In 2019, the Bhutan National Statistics Bureau undertook its first ever survey of solid waste management. The survey covered waste generating sectors including households, commercial units, institutes, health centers, industries, Government offices and vegetable markets. Results show Bhutan generated more than 170 metric tons of waste daily – equivalent to 170,000 kilograms of sugar. More than 50 percent of solid wastes came from households, almost 50 percent was food waste, and around 50 percent was potentially recyclable. The survey posed many challenges for Bhutan, a land-locked least developed country in the Eastern Himalayas in South Asia, yet provided the opportunity to strengthen stakeholder engagement in the Bhutan National Statistical System and delivered statistics which meet a practical use for Bhutan and its people.

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Baillie, I. C., Kado Tshering, Tshering Dorji, H. B. Tamang, Tsheten Dorji, Chencho Norbu, A. A. Hutcheon, and R. Bäumler. "Regolith and soils in Bhutan, Eastern Himalayas." European Journal of Soil Science 55, no. 1 (December 15, 2003): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00579.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bhutan Himalayas"

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Caspari, Thomas. "The soils of Bhutan parent materials, soil forming processes, and new insights into the palaeoclimate of the Eastern Himalayas /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=977822664.

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Maki, Ariana Pansa. "The Temple of Tamzhing Lhundrup Choling and the Legacy of Pema Lingpa (1450-1521): An Iconological Study." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345425405.

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Dorji, Karma Dema [Verfasser], and Rupert [Gutachter] Bäumler. "Soils as proxies of environmental fluctuations at the southern slopes of the Bhutan Himalayas / Karma Dema Dorji. Gutachter: Rupert Bäumler." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/111015450X/34.

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Maurer, Joshua Michael. "Using Declassified Satellite Imagery to Quantify Geomorphic Change: A New Approach and Application to Himalayan Glaciers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5559.

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Himalayan glaciers are key components of earth's cryosphere, acting as hydrological reservoirs vital to many human and natural systems. Most Himalayan glaciers are shrinking in response to changing climate, which will potentially impact water resources, natural hazards, sea level rise, and many other aspects. However, there is much uncertainty regarding the state of these glaciers, as direct field data are difficult to obtain. Accordingly, long-timespan remote sensing techniques are needed to measure changing glaciers, which have memory and often respond to climate on decadal timescales. This study uses declassified historical imagery from the Hexagon spy satellite database to fulfill this requirement. A new highly-automated, computer-vision based solution is used to extract historical terrain models from Hexagon imagery, which are used as a baseline to compute geomorphic change for glaciers in the Kingdom of Bhutan and Tibet Autonomous Region of the eastern Himalayas. In addition to glaciers, the new method is used to quantify changes resulting from the Thistle Creek Landslide (surface elevation changes resulting from the landslide show an average elevation decrease of 14.4 ± 4.3 meters in the source area, an increase of 17.6 ± 4.7 meters in the deposition area, and a decrease of 30.2 ± 5.1 meters resulting from a new roadcut) and Mount St. Helens eruption in western North America (results show an estimated 2.48 ± 0.03 km3 of material was excavated during the eruption-triggered debris slide). These additional results illustrate the applicability of Hexagon imagery to a variety of landscape processes. Regarding the primary application in the Himalayas, all studied glaciers show significant ice loss. Futhermore, the multi-decadal timespan reveals important aspects of glacier dynamics not detectable with temporally shorter datasets. Some glaciers exhibit inverted mass-balance gradients due to variations in debris-cover, while enhanced ice losses are prominent on glacier toes terminating in moraine-dammed proglacial lakes, resulting from calving caused by thermal undercutting. Remarkably, debris-covered glaciers show significant thinning despite insulating effects of the debris, likely due to poorly-understood ice cliff and melt pond mechanisms. The mean annual geodetic mass balance of 22 studied glaciers over a 32-year period is estimated to be -0.16 ± 0.03 m yr-1 water equivalent. Thus, these glaciers are not in equilibrium with current climate, and appear to be losing significant amounts of ice regardless of debris-cover.

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Hopkinson, Thomas. "Geochemical insights into crustal melting in the Bhutan Himalaya." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/48430/.

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Crustal melting and granitic intrusions are characteristics of many continental collision zones. The processes, sources and timing of melt generation in collision zones are critical to understanding crustal and tectonic evolution. In the Himalaya, multiple Oligocene-Miocene leucogranite bodies intrude the Greater Himalayan Series (GHS), a lithotectonic package of high-grade metamorphosed sediments. This package is underthrust by a chemically distinct metasedimentary package, the Lesser Himalayan Series (LHS). Multiple elemental and isotopic techniques provide insight into leucogranite source and petrogenesis in central Bhutan (eastern Himalaya). Whole-rock major and trace elemental abundances confirm that all studied leucogranites are the product of muscovite breakdown between 640 and 760°C. Sr-Nd signatures suggest that most samples were sourced from the GHS; however several samples yield signatures more comparable with those from the LHS, an observation that currently appears unique to Bhutan. O, U-Pb, Hf isotopes in zircon confirm previous whole-rock findings that melting in the eastern Himalaya took place over 20 Myr, from 31 to 11 Ma. Increasingly radiogenic Nd and Hf isotope signatures are observed in younger leucogranites, which suggest a deeper source, and potentially more contribution from melting LHS. Importantly, O-Hf isotopic signatures indicate that there is no mantle input into eastern Himalayan melting, a finding important for heat budget calculations and for crustal growth models in orogenic belts. Stable Rb and Sr isotopic analyses from both whole-rock leucogranites and mineral separates establish, for the first time, that mass-dependent isotopic fractionation occurs during the formation of highly evolved crustal melts. Consistent Sr fractionation of up to 2.51‰ is observed between plagioclase, K-feldspar and micas. These observations have implications for the application of stable isotopes as petrogenetic indicators and for Rb-Sr geochronology. Together, the findings of this study provide new insights into both Himalayan and global tectonic evolution and the geochemical nature of melt generation.

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Stapleton, C. M. A. "A morphological investigation of some Himalayan bamboos with an enumeration of taxa in Nepal and Bhutan." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293109.

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The taxonomy of Himalayan bamboos has been neglected in the past because of their unpredictable flowering and their inaccessibility. Recent awareness of the fragility of the Himalayan ecosystem, and the potential economic and conservational role of bamboos has highlighted this neglect. The introduction of various programs by the governments of Nepal and Bhutan to address their environmental problems has allowed detailed study of most of the bamboos in the two countries. The opportunity to study live plants in their natural environments has allowed detailed morphological investigations to be undertaken, as well as the collection of much new herbarium material. The morphological studies have shed new light upon the contentious relationships between many of the Himalayan genera, allowing clearer decisions to be made upon which genera should be recognised, which should be relegated to synonymy, and how the genera can be distinguished in the field. By visiting areas in which bamboos had not been collected before, and revisiting some of the areas in which type specimens were collected last century, it was possible to improve upon knowledge of the characteristics of many previously named species, and to describe many previously unknown taxa. The bamboos recorded for Nepal are consequently increased from four genera and ten species to eleven genera and thirty species. In Bhutan, where no previous enumeration had been made, thirteen genera and twenty weight species were found. Fourteen new species, four new subspecies, and three new varieties are described. In addition nine new combinations were found to be necessary.

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Tshewang, Sampa. "The use of ICT by science teachers in middle secondary science education in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2258.

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This research investigated Bhutanese middle secondary science teachers’ ICT knowledge, skills, perceptions and attitudes, patterns of ICT use, and associated factors linked to effective ICT implementation in their classrooms. The study was based on the hypothesis that the use of ICT in secondary science education in Bhutan was affected by the teachers’ attitudes and perceptions towards the use of ICT; their knowledge and skills related to ICT; their TPACK and the barriers associated with effective implementation of ICT. The research was primarily an exploratory study accommodating a post-positivist approach employing mixed design of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A questionnaire survey on a sample of middle secondary science teachers was the quantitative study. Case studies of eight schools consisting of their historical background and performance records, semi-structured interviews with eight science teachers from these schools and focus group of students from three of these schools formed the case studies. The survey questionnaire targeted 189 middle secondary science teachers from a total of 63 middle secondary schools and secured a response rate of 85.7%. The survey questions covered patterns of ICT use in daily life, interest in ICT, confidence in using ICT and application of ICT in science teaching. A set of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) questions (Mishra & Kohler, 2009) were also included to test the level of ICT integration achieved by these teachers. The findings showed that overall, the teachers possessed moderate levels of ICT knowledge and skills; very few ICT elements were used in the teachers’ daily life, and still less were employed in science teaching due to lack of confidence. Although teachers had positive perceptions and attitudes regarding use of ICT in teaching science, many could not fully utilise ICT due to personal and institutional constraints. Teachers were found to use various ICT tools dependent upon their personal competence and confidence. ICT trained teachers used more tools and engaged with more innovation in the classroom, whilst teachers with low ICT competency and confidence exhibited little integration. ICT trained teachers also helped the school management in developing administrative facilities that engaged ICT, and they also involved students in using ICT presentations. Specialised ICT teachers facilitated innovative uses of ICT such as: interactive student-centred teaching; enhanced collaborative student work; improved problem-based and project-based learning. These teachers also shared their ICT knowledge and skills with other colleagues. Schools with a poor ICT resources often provided less time for professional engagement and therefore, inhibited the implementation ICT in classrooms. Based on these findings, the research recommended the government to increase funding for ICT in schools to provide: more computer laboratories and extend the professional development opportunities for both pre-service and in-service science teacher contexts. More extensive research covering other types of educational institutions, more student-focused research, comparison of teacher and student perceptions and linking performance with ICT use were some new research areas suggested for future. The limitations of sample size and sampling method and difficulties encountered in interviews using social sites in recording the proceedings were two main limitations identified in this study. The sampling and size limitations could affect generalisability of the findings beyond the context of this research.

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Berthet, Théo. "Variations latérales de la déformation crustale en Himalaya." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002381.

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Au cours du dernier siècle, plusieurs séismes majeurs ont affecté l'Himalaya. Cependant, la taille maximale de ces événements et la probabilité d'occurrence de méga-séismes avec des magnitudes proches de 9 sont toujours matière à débat. L'étude de la segmentation de l'arc Himalayen est donc primordiale afin de comprendre les mécanismes qui contrôlent ces séismes ainsi que leur extension spatiale. La compréhension du cycle sismique en Himalaya est aujourd'hui essentiellement basée sur des études menées au Népal central, ce qui limite notre connaissance de son fonctionnement tri-dimensionnel. Ce travail de thèse permet d'apporter de nouvelles contraintes sur les variations latérales de la déformation crustale dans la zone comprise entre l'ouest Népal (~80°E) et l'est Bhoutan (~92°E). La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des variations latérales de la structure lithosphérique. Quatre campagnes gravimétriques ont été réalisées entre 2010 et 2012. Elles ont permis d'étendre le réseau gravimétrique Népalais jusqu'à l'ouest Népal et d'établir le premier réseau gravimétrique Bhoutanais. Ce nouveau jeu de données, combiné avec les données sismologiques disponibles, permet de contraindre des modèles thermo-mécaniques de la flexure de la plaque Indienne sous l'Himalaya. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il n'existe pas de variations latérales majeures du comportement mécanique de la lithosphère Indienne entre le centre et l'est Népal contrairement au Bhoutan où une rigidité flexurale plus faible est nécessaire pour expliquer les données.La deuxième partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des variations latérales des déformations récentes dans le prisme Himalayen. Les études paléosismologiques menées depuis 15 ans en Himalaya ont permis d'étendre le catalogue des événements majeurs sur le dernier millénaire. En intégrant à la fois les contraintes disponibles sur ces séismes majeurs et le chargement séculaire, nous étudions les variations spatiales et temporelles de l'état de contrainte du chevauchemlent Himalayen principal le long de l'arc. Nos calculs montrent que même dans la cas où un méga-séisme se serait produit en ~1100 en Himalaya, le chargement séculaire a quasiment compensé la chute de contrainte associée. Les modèles montrent aussi que le séisme du Shillong ne joue pas un rôle majeur sur les contraintes accumulées sur le chevauchement Himalayen depuis 1897 au niveau du Bhoutan. Enfin, nous présentons les premières contraintes sur la tectonique active au Bhoutan. L'étude morphotectonique réalisée au centre du Sud-Bhoutan a permis de montrer que la majeure partie de la déformation Holocène est accommodée au niveau du front Himalayen, comme au Népal. Nous montrons aussi des évidences de ruptures de surface avec des décalages verticaux de plusieurs mètres associés à deux séismes majeurs sur le dernier millénaire. Ces évidences remettent en cause l'interprétation d'un méga-séisme en ~1100.

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Wyatt, Thomas. "Syntactic Change in the Verbal System of Bumthang,a Tibeto-Burman Language of Bhutan." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139121.

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This thesis investigates the synchronic and diachronic relationship of the verbal suffix -na to the copula na in Bumthang, a Tibeto-Burman language of central Bhutan. I discuss the formal and functional properties of each to demonstrate that the suffix-na originates in the structural reanalysis of the copula na. Previous research has shown how copulas in Tibeto-Burman languages may come to differentially mark personal knowledge. This differential pattern has been termed ‘personal versus impersonal,’ ‘conjunct versus disjunct,’ and ‘egophoric versus non-egophoric,’ among other labels. In the case of Bumthang I show that as -na has been drawn into the verbal paradigm, it has brought with it the dimension of differential personal versus impersonal marking to a system that did not previously make that distinction. This has led to significant changes in the structure of the verbal paradigm. It is hoped that this thesis will contribute to an understanding of how personal versus impersonal splits may develop, and be reinforced by other paradigms in the language. This thesis also aims to contribute to the documentation of Bumthang.

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Caspari, Thomas [Verfasser]. "The soils of Bhutan : parent materials, soil forming processes, and new insights into the palaeoclimate of the Eastern Himalayas / Thomas Caspari." 2005. http://d-nb.info/977822664/34.

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Books on the topic "Bhutan Himalayas"

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Françoise, Pommaret-Imaeda, and Imaeda Yoshiro, eds. Bhutan, a kingdom of the eastern Himalayas. Boston: Shambhala, 1985.

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Tshewang, Ugyen, Michael Charles Tobias, and Jane Gray Morrison. Bhutan: Conservation and Environmental Protection in the Himalayas. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57824-4.

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Bernstein, Jeremy. In the Himalayas: Journeys through Nepal, Tibet, and Bhutan. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989.

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In the Himalayas: Journeys through Nepal, Tibet, and Bhutan. New York: Lyons & Burford Publishers, 1996.

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1950-, Dennis Peter, ed. Fortress monasteries of the Himalayas: Tibet, Ladakh, Nepal, and Bhutan. Oxford: Osprey Pub., 2011.

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Crossette, Barbara. So close to heaven: The vanishing Buddhist kingdoms of the Himalayas. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1995.

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Bhutan, a kingdom in the Himalayas: A study of the land, its people and their government. 3rd ed. New Delhi: S. Chand, 1985.

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On sacred architecture and the dzongs of Bhutan: Tradition and transition in the architectural history of the Himalayas. [Oslo]: Arkitekthøgskolen i Oslo, 2003.

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Kurt, Meyer, and Meyer Pamela Deuel, eds. In the shadow of the Himalayas: Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim : a photographic record by John Claude White, 1883-1908. Ahmedabad: Mapin, 2005.

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Acharya, Sanjay. Bhutan: Kingdom in the Himalaya. New Delhi: Roli Books, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bhutan Himalayas"

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Tshewang, Ugyen, Michael Charles Tobias, and Jane Gray Morrison. "State of Environment in Bhutan." In Bhutan: Conservation and Environmental Protection in the Himalayas, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57824-4_1.

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Choki, Kinley. "Cordyceps, climate change and cosmological imbalance in the Bhutan highlands." In Environmental Humanities in the New Himalayas, 152–66. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144113-12.

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Wouters, Jelle J. P. "Relatedness, trans-species knots and yak personhood in the Bhutan highlands." In Environmental Humanities in the New Himalayas, 27–42. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144113-3.

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Tshewang, Ugyen, Michael Charles Tobias, and Jane Gray Morrison. "Conservation Strategy of Threatened and Under-Represented Mammalian Species." In Bhutan: Conservation and Environmental Protection in the Himalayas, 279–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57824-4_6.

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Tshewang, Ugyen, Michael Charles Tobias, and Jane Gray Morrison. "Conservation of Threatened and Under-Represented Species of Plants." In Bhutan: Conservation and Environmental Protection in the Himalayas, 303–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57824-4_7.

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Tshewang, Ugyen, Michael Charles Tobias, and Jane Gray Morrison. "Gap Analysis of Threatened, Rare, and Under-Represented Species in Bhutan." In Bhutan: Conservation and Environmental Protection in the Himalayas, 199–278. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57824-4_5.

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Tshewang, Ugyen, Michael Charles Tobias, and Jane Gray Morrison. "Animal Rights and Protection." In Bhutan: Conservation and Environmental Protection in the Himalayas, 155–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57824-4_4.

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Tshewang, Ugyen, Michael Charles Tobias, and Jane Gray Morrison. "Drivers and Pressure on the State of Environment in Bhutan." In Bhutan: Conservation and Environmental Protection in the Himalayas, 25–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57824-4_2.

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Tshewang, Ugyen, Michael Charles Tobias, and Jane Gray Morrison. "Conservation for Food Security and Under-Represented Microbes." In Bhutan: Conservation and Environmental Protection in the Himalayas, 345–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57824-4_9.

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Tshewang, Ugyen, Michael Charles Tobias, and Jane Gray Morrison. "Non-Violent Techniques for Human-Wildlife Conflict Resolution." In Bhutan: Conservation and Environmental Protection in the Himalayas, 71–153. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57824-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bhutan Himalayas"

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Groeli, Robert. "Building 8500+ Trail Bridges in the Himalayas." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.125.

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<p>Mobility is one of the most challenging fundamentals of rural livelihood in the Himalayan hills and mountains. More than 8500 trail bridges, comprising an overall span-length of about 650 kilometers have been constructed to date, saving millions of walking hours for people living in the rural Himalayan areas. Previously, crossing rivers was dangerous and sometimes impossible, especially in the rainy season. These bridges created vital connections which enabled children to go to school and people to access public services and visit medical centers and sanctuaries. They also boost local economic output by reducing the effort required to run local farms, gather crops and visit regional markets.</p><p>Fig. 1:The struggles and dangers of crossing a river and its solution</p><p>Swiss technical assistance for rural trail bridges started in the early sixties with the construction of a few suspension bridges in the hill areas of Nepal. In 1964 the Nepalese Government established the Suspension Bridge Division (SBD), and starting in 1972 the Swiss Government began providing continuous technical and financial assistance. Similarly, the Public Works Department in Bhutan initiated a country wide trail bridge construction program in 1971 for which assistance was provided from 1985-2010. Exchanges of experiences between these programs created a collaborative environment where new ideas could be evaluated and tested in the field. After SBD initially developed the basic technical norms, design parameters and standard designs suitable for long-span bridges, demand for simpler shorter span bridges rose tremendously. This prompted the program to develop “community executable bridge designs” adapted to the local skills and materials while conforming to established engineering standards. As a result, cost-effective, easy to implement technologies and community-based approaches were developed, which have been replicated in numerous countries leading to multiple successful partnerships in international development cooperation.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to highlight the following outcomes of the trail bridge-program:</p><ul><li><p>Standardized cost-effective trail bridge designs based on local capabilities and bridge-building techniques</p></li><li><p>Published of manuals, technical drawings and teaching resources for design, construction and fabrication</p></li><li><p>Engaged local communities in the construction, operation and maintenance of trail bridges</p></li><li><p>Compiled comprehensive trail bridge directory for planning, monitoring and maintenance</p></li><li><p>Established Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) with institutional frameworks at national and local level</p></li><li><p>‘South-South Cooperation’ with Bhutan, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Laos, Burundi, Honduras, Guatemala</p></li></ul>

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Duba, Kinzang, Kevin L. Mickus, Melida Gutierrez, and Ashley Delong. "GRAVITY ANALYSIS OF THE BHUTAN HIMALAYAN OROGENY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-331591.

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Gordon, Stacia M., Carolina L. Zamora, Rick Kauffman, Rebecca Gonzales-Clayton, and Sean P. Long. "TWO-STAGE EXHUMATION OF THE HIMALAYAN METAMORPHIC CORE: INSIGHTS FROM GREATER HIMALAYAN ROCKS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN BHUTAN." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-351190.

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Zamora, Carolina L., Stacia M. Gordon, Sean P. Long, Andrew R. C. Kylander-Clark, and C. S. McDonald. "EXHUMATION AND COOLING HISTORY OF GREATER HIMALAYAN ROCKS IN THE EASTERN HIMALAYA: A U-PB AND 40AR/39AR THERMOCHRONOLOGY STUDY FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN BHUTAN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285232.

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Long, Sean P., Stacia Gordon, and Emmanuel Soignard. "LARGE-SCALE, DISTRIBUTED STRUCTURAL THINNING IN THE HIMALAYAN OROGEN: A CASE STUDY FROM CENTRAL BHUTAN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-301530.

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Starnes, Jesslyn K., Sean P. Long, Nadine McQuarrie, Kyle Larson, Tobgay Tobgay, and Emmanuel Soignard. "METAMORPHIC AND DEFORMATION TEMPERATURE TRENDS IN THE HIMALAYAN THRUST BELT IN EASTERNMOST BHUTAN: PRELIMINARY INSIGHTS FROM RSCM THERMOMETRY AND QUARTZ PETROFABRICS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-338760.

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Long, Sean P., and Nadine McQuarrie. "INTEGRATION OF GEOMETRY, KINEMATICS, BURIAL TIMING, AND EXHUMATION TIMING TO UNDERSTAND 4-D THRUST BELT EVOLUTION: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE HIMALAYAN OROGEN IN BHUTAN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-301501.

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Peng, Xu, Gengnian Liu, Yixin Chen, and Zhijiu Cui. "TIMING AND EXTENT OF LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS IN THE COGARBU VALLEY, EASTERN HIMALAYA ALONG THE CHINA-BHUTAN BORDER, INVESTIGATED USING 10BE SURFACE EXPOSURE DATING." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-297290.

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Reports on the topic "Bhutan Himalayas"

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Hunzai, K., J. Y. Gerlitz, and B. Hoermann. Understanding Mountain Poverty in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas; Regional Report for Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.553.

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Hunzai, K., J. Y. Gerlitz, and B. Hoermann. Understanding Mountain Poverty in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas; Regional Report for Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.553.

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Gurung, M. B., Uma Pratap, N. C. T. D. Shrestha, H. K. Sharma, N. Islam, and N. B. Tamang. Beekeeping Training for Farmers in Afghanistan: Resource Manual for Trainers [in Urdu]. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.564.

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Beekeeping contributes to rural development by supporting agricultural production through pollination and by providing honey, wax, and other products for home use and sale. It offers a good way for resource-poor farmers in the Hindu Kush Himalayas to obtain income, as it requires only a small start-up investment, can be carried out in a small space close to the home, and generally yields profits within a year of operation. A modern approach to bee management, using frame hives and focusing on high quality, will help farmers benefit most fully from beekeeping. This manual is designed to help provide beekeepers with the up-to-date training they need. It presents an inclusive curriculum developed through ICIMOD’s work with partner organizations in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, supported by the Austrian Development Agency. A wide range of stakeholders – trainers, trainees, government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), associations and federations, and private entrepreneurs – were engaged in the identification of curriculum needs and in development and testing of the curriculum. The manual covers the full range of beekeeping-related topics, including the use of bees for crop pollination; production of honey, wax and other hive products; honey quality standards; and using value chain and market management to increase beekeepers’ benefits. It also includes emerging issues and innovations regarding such subjects as indigenous honeybees, gender and equity, integrated pest management, and bee-related policy. The focus is on participatory hands-on training, with clear explanations in simple language and many illustrations. The manual provides a basic resource for trainers and field extension workers in government and NGOs, universities, vocational training institutes, and private sector organizations, and for local trainers in beekeeping groups, beekeeping resource centres, cooperatives, and associations, for use in training Himalayan farmers. Individual ICIMOD regional member countries are planning local language editions adapted for their countries’ specific conditions.

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Nagpal, Divyam, Nabina Lamichhane, Samikshya Kafle, and Mewang Gyeltshen. The Hindu Kush Himalaya energy profile: A baseline study across eight countries. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1007.

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This energy profile provides a snapshot for each of the eight countries of the Hindu Kush Himalaya – Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan. It presents the prevailing energy situation in each of these countries, based on secondary information available in the public domain. It identifies priority areas of action and measures for governments to consider in advancing renewable energy and energy efficiency in the mountain context.

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Yamasaki, Yukari, and Nabin Bhattarai. Benefiting from the REDD+ Himalaya Programme: Success stories from Bhutan, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.768.

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Yamasaki, Yukari, and Nabin Bhattarai. Benefiting from the REDD+ Himalaya Programme: Success stories from Bhutan, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.768.

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Shrestha, B., P. K. Mool, and S. R. Bajracharya. Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes: Case Studies on GLOF and Associated Hazards in Nepal and Bhutan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.470.

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Shrestha, B., P. K. Mool, and S. R. Bajracharya. Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes: Case Studies on GLOF and Associated Hazards in Nepal and Bhutan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.470.

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Mool, P. K., D. Wangda, S. R. Bajracharya, S. P. Joshi, K. Kunzang, and D. R. Gurung. Inventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods: Monitoring and Early Warning Systems in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region - Bhutan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.373.

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Mool, P. K., D. Wangda, S. R. Bajracharya, S. P. Joshi, K. Kunzang, and D. R. Gurung. Inventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods: Monitoring and Early Warning Systems in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region - Bhutan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.373.

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