Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bi-directional power flow

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Bi-directional power flow'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bi-directional power flow"

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Veliadis, Victor, Damian Urciuoli, Harold Hearne, H. C. Ha, R. Howell, and Charles Scozzie. "600-V / 2-A Symmetrical Bi-Directional Power Flow Using Vertical-Channel JFETs Connected in Common Source Configuration." Materials Science Forum 645-648 (April 2010): 1147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.645-648.1147.

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Bi-directional solid-state-circuit-breakers (SSCBs) are highly desirable in power-electronic fault-protection applications due to their high actuation speed and repeated fault isolation capability. Normally-on SiC vertical-channel JFETs (VJFETs) are excellent candidates for high power/temperature scalable SSCB applications as majority carrier devices with low conduction losses and stable +300°C thermal characteristics. 600-V / 2-A bi-directional power flow was demonstrated using two VJFETs connected back-to-back with their sources in common. The low VJFET pre-breakdown leakage currents and sharp onset of breakdown are critical in enabling bi-directional power flow. 0.1-cm2 low conduction-loss VJFETs were designed for efficient and reliable SSCB applications.
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Hayashi, Kouhei, Ryosuke Kato, Ryosuke Torii, Hisao Taoka, and Rikiya Abe. "Bi-directional power flow through a digital grid router." Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22348972.2015.1068511.

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Zeng, Lingwei, Fuwang Zhao, Hanfeng Wang, Zhaokun Wang, Waikin Yeung, Yang Liu, and Hui Tang. "A bi-directional flow-energy harvester." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 15 (April 10, 2023): 153901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0140569.

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Due to a rapid decrease in fossil fuel resources and ever-growing carbon emissions, clean energy is urgently needed as a vital solution. In the past two decades, harvesting clean energy from ambient environment has attracted much attention. Flow induced vibration and energy harvesting performance of a cylinder with fins attached were investigated. Four configurations were studied: a plain cylinder, a cylinder with two windward fins, a cylinder with two leeward fins, and a cylinder with four fins. These four cylinders were tested in a water channel with a reduced velocity ranging between 2 and 25 and a Reynolds number ranging between 1500 and 11 400. It was found that the two-windward-fin cylinder underwent galloping, exhibiting much larger vibration amplitudes and a much broader operational velocity range, whereas the two-leeward-fin cylinder only underwent weak vortex-induced vibrations. By attaching both two windward and two leeward fins to the cylinder, a bi-directional flow-energy harvester was implemented, which outperformed the plain cylinder with much larger vibration amplitudes and a much broader velocity range. More importantly, due to the geometric symmetry, it is able to harvest flow energy from two opposite directions. A tuned-mass-damper system was then attached to the four-fin cylinder for the purpose of demonstration. Within the current flow speed range, the maximal voltage and power outputs are about 7.37 V and 1.81 μW, respectively, about 2.7 and 7.2 times the plain cylinder's peak values. The effects of flow incident angle and fin length were also studied. Numerical simulations were also conducted to provide a detailed information of flow and pressure to uncover the underlying physics. This bi-directional flow-energy harvester is a suitable candidate to operate at sites where the flow periodically switches its directions, such as in tidal flows.
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Aksan, Fachrizal, Yang Li, Vishnu Suresh, and Przemysław Janik. "CNN-LSTM vs. LSTM-CNN to Predict Power Flow Direction: A Case Study of the High-Voltage Subnet of Northeast Germany." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020901.

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The massive installation of renewable energy sources together with energy storage in the power grid can lead to fluctuating energy consumption when there is a bi-directional power flow due to the surplus of electricity generation. To ensure the security and reliability of the power grid, high-quality bi-directional power flow prediction is required. However, predicting bi-directional power flow remains a challenge due to the ever-changing characteristics of power flow and the influence of weather on renewable power generation. To overcome these challenges, we present two of the most popular hybrid deep learning (HDL) models based on a combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-term memory (LSTM) to predict the power flow in the investigated network cluster. In our approach, the models CNN-LSTM and LSTM-CNN were trained with two different datasets in terms of size and included parameters. The aim was to see whether the size of the dataset and the additional weather data can affect the performance of the proposed model to predict power flow. The result shows that both proposed models can achieve a small error under certain conditions. While the size and parameters of the dataset can affect the training time and accuracy of the HDL model.
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Veliadis, Victor, Damian Urciuoli, H. C. Ha, Harold Hearne, and Charles Scozzie. "600-V Symmetrical Bi-Directional Power Switching Using SiC Vertical-Channel JFETs with Reliable Edge Termination." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.591.

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Numerous high-voltage applications require symmetrical bi-directional power flow control and protection circuitry. While mechanical contactors and circuit breakers provide bi-directional fault protection, they have slow actuation and suffer severe degradation during repeated fault isolation. The normally-on (N-ON) SiC vertical-channel Junction-Field-Effect-Transistor (VJFET) is an efficient solution for bi-directional circuit-breaker applications due to its low conduction/switching losses, +500°C operational capability, ON-state match of the no-fault operating mode of the system, efficient gate-drive operation under unipolar biasing, and majority carrier device scalability. Efficient 600-V/10-A symmetrical bi-directional power flow was demonstrated using 0.1-cm2 1200-V rated N-ON VJFETs with a gate driver applying 0-V and -34 V gate biases during the ON and OFF states, respectively. A self-aligned trenched guard-ring structure provides reliable edge termination.
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Shajith Ali, U. "Bi-Directional Z-Source Inverter for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.823.

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Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is basically a DC current energy storage technology which stores energy in the form of magnetic field. The DC current flowing through a superconducting coil in a large magnet creates the magnetic field. Because of its fast response during charging and discharging, ability of injecting/absorbing real or reactive power, high storage efficiency, reliability and availability, the SMES technologies are used in power system transmission control and stabilization, and power quality improvement. Generally, an SMES consists of the superconducting coil, the cryogenic system, and the power conversion system. The power conversion system normally uses a power electronic converter as an interface between the coil and AC output. This converter is needed to act as the boost converter during DC side to AC side power flow since the storage suffered from lower input voltage magnitude. On the other hand, the converter is required to work as buck converter during reverse power flow. So the converter must be having bidirectional power flow capability because the need to charge and discharge the coil. The bi-directional Z-source inverter is a new topology, which provides the circuit with bi-directional power flow capacity. This inverter can overcome the limitations of the basic Z-source inverter and be used as an interface between energy storage and utility. A novel modified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm for bi-directional Z-source inverter is developed in this work, which improves the voltage gain during the boost mode. In the proposed modified SVPWM, four shoot-through states are assigned to each phase within zero state. So zero voltage time period is diminished for generating a shoot-through time, and active states are unchanged. Using MATLAB, the models of the bi-directional Z-source inverter based SMES is established, and the simulation tests are performed to evaluate the system performance.
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Xia, Nai Yong, and Yan Lei Zhao. "Research on Multiple Bi-Directional DC/DC Converter in Wind Power Flow Optimization and Control System." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7232.

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A kind of multiple bi-directional DC/DC converter used in supercapacitor energy storage unit of the wind power flow optimization and control system is analyzed and studied. Based on DSPs, the converter uses a double closed-loop control strategy to stabilize voltage and uses a digital parallel current sharing strategy to eliminate circulation current among each converter unit. In the paper, firstly, the working principle and the working process of the multiple bi-directional converter are analyzed in detail. Then, on the basis of the small signal model, the way to voltage stabilization and current balance are presented. Finally, a low power converter prototype is designed and made to carry on the experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategies are feasible and effective. So the multiple bi-directional DC/DC converter designed in the paper has comparatively high practicable value in the wind power flow optimization and control system.
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Ikra Rahman, Tasnim, Anika Fariha Rashid, and Md Habibur Rahman. "Design and development of Bi directional power meter using microcontroller." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i3.pp1594-1600.

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<p>The significance of power or energy measurement has been very acute in recent times with the increase of Grid-Tied Solar PV system that needs Net-Metering. Power can be flown in both directions, from grid to load or from load (PV- Panel) to grid line. If power flow from both side is not calculated and surplus power which is not being used at the time instant is not stored, accurate billing is not possible. That is why a bidirectional power meter is required which can measure both the positive and negative power at any instant. The aim of this paper is to develop a bidirectional power meter using microcontroller. The work of this paper constitutes a microcontroller, a current sensor, bulbs as load and a display. The rms values of voltage and current is determined and showed in the display. Then the calibration is done inside the developed program. After that the power is calculated and showed in the display. Then the direction of the power is determined depending on the direction (whether positive or negative) of the power which is also dependent on the phase difference between the voltage and current. If there is no phase difference between the voltage and current, then the power is positive and leaving from the grid. If there is 180 degree phase difference between the voltage and current, then the power is negative and entering to the grid. The direction of the power flow is very important for efficiently of the proposed meter. For some defined load the accuracy of the developed meter is calculated as 94%.</p>
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Park, Keon-Woo. "Bi-directional Power Flow in Switchgear with Photovoltaic System and WTG." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 68, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 1711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2019.68.12.1711.

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Chan, H. L., K. W. E. Cheng, and D. Sutanto. "Phase-shift controlled DC-DC convertor with bi-directional power flow." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 148, no. 2 (2001): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20010097.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bi-directional power flow"

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Li, Yiyang. "Novel power converter topologies to interface solar power to power grid with battery backup." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23269.

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The main aim of this thesis is to develop a solar energy system for domestic utilities, using a bi-directional DC-DC boost converter with a battery storage system in it. Topologies of the converters employed in the existing system are not efficient, especially in high power applications because of complicated structures with many power devices. In order to step up the DC voltage of the solar panel to a value suitable for AC power conversion, the DC-DC converter topologies has used either multiple stages of voltage amplification or complicated structures with many power devices as the voltage gain offered by the standard boost converter is not adequate enough. This has led to the use of complicated switching control methods. As a result of such power converters with low power density, the cost of the system is also high with relatively low efficiency. The above-mentioned shortcomings have led researchers to investigate new topologies of converters and efficient control methods. The thesis investigates the existing topologies of DC-DC boost converters pointing out advantages and disadvantages and presents ten new topologies that are superior to existing ones. Detailed analysis of converters is presented, and the mathematical model is developed to determine the voltage gain as a function of duty cycle. The presented converter topologies are also designed, and prototypes fabricated in the laboratory. The fabricated converters are tested experimentally using Arduino micro-controller. Programs are developed to control the converters in different modes of operation and the performance curves are generated. The experimental results support the theoretical model developed and the obtained results are presented in the thesis. A bi-directional DC-AC converter topology is also developed to interface the solar panel to the AC grid. The developed topology makes use of one of the DC-DC converter topologies presented and offers battery backup facility in it. This system can be controlled to store power either from AC grid or from the solar panel and can power the AC load or inject power to the grid. Appropriate control methods are developed for the bi-directional converter system and extensive simulation studies are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the operation of the system in different modes of operation and simulation results are also presented. The converter system has also been fabricated and tested with solar panels. The test results of different modes of operation are also presented. Finally, the authors’ viewpoint in the development of power electronics in solar application is presented.
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Wu, Rentao. "Integration of electric vehicles in a flexible electricity demand side management framework." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33261.

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Recent years have seen a growing tendency that a large number of generators are connected to the electricity distribution networks, including renewables such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines and biomass-fired power plants. Meanwhile, on the demand side, there are also some new types of electric loads being connected at increasing rates, with the most important of them being the electric vehicles (EVs). Uncertainties both from generation and consumption of electricity mentioned above are thereby being introduced, making the management of the system more challenging. With the proportion of electric vehicle ownership rapidly increasing, uncontrolled charging of large populations may bring about power system issues such as increased peak demand and voltage variations, while at the same time the cost of electricity generation, as well as the resulting Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions, will also rise. The work reported in this PhD Thesis aims to provide solutions to the three significant challenges related to EV integration, namely voltage regulation, generation cost minimisation and GHG emissions reduction. A novel, high-resolution, bottom-up probabilistic EV charging demand model was developed, that uses data from the UK Time Use Survey and the National Travel Survey to synthesise realistic EV charging time series based on user activity patterns. Coupled with manufacturers' data for representative EV models, the developed probabilistic model converts single user activity profiles into electrical demand, which can then be aggregated to simulate larger numbers at a neighbourhood, city or regional level. The EV charging demand model has been integrated into a domestic electrical demand model previously developed by researchers in our group at the University of Edinburgh. The integrated model is used to show how demand management can be used to assist voltage regulation in the distribution system. The node voltage sensitivity method is used to optimise the planning of EV charging based on the influence that every EV charger has on the network depending on their point of connection. The model and the charging strategy were tested on a realistic "highly urban" low voltage network and the results obtained show that voltage fluctuation due to the high percentage of EV ownership (and charging) can be significantly and maintained within the statutory range during a full 24-hour cycle of operation. The developed model is also used to assess the generation cost as well as the environmental impact, in terms of GHG emissions, as a result of EV charging, and an optimisation algorithm has been developed that in combination with domestic demand management, minimises the incurred costs and GHG emissions. The obtained results indicate that although the increased population of EVs in distribution networks will stress the system and have adverse economic and environmental effects, these may be minimised with careful off-line planning.
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Rutkovskiy, Yaroslav. "A Novel Control Method for Grid Side Inverters Under Generalized Unbalanced Operating Conditions." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1610646102417883.

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Tsai, Chin-Yun, and 蔡金昀. "A DSP-based Battery Test System with Bi-directional Power Flow Control." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4h8f6s.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電力電子產業研發碩士專班
99
The object of this thesis is implementation of a bi-directional power flow battery test system. The system not only provides constant voltage and constant current charging mode for the rechargeable battery, but also sends battery energy to power grid to achieve energy saving in discharge mode. In order to improve the capability of noise rejection and realize control strategies, a digital signal processor is used as control kernel. The proposed system includes two stages in cascade. The front end is a single-phase bi-directional full-bridge AC-DC converter which is connected to power grid to provide high voltage DC power. Meanwhile, the AC-DC converter makes near unity factor control to enhance efficiency and reduce line current harmonics. Then an isolated DC-DC converter is yielded the power flow control between battery and high-side DC voltage of the AC-DC converter. When the battery is under charging mode, the half-bridge circuit is used to transfer high-side DC voltage to low-side DC voltage through synchronous rectified operation. On the other hand, the discharging energy of battery is forced into high-side DC voltage by a current-fed push-pull circuit. In order to facilitate the studies performed in this thesis. A DSP-based converter with necessary peripherals is established to provide 110V/60Hz/single phase input and 1kW/48V output. After establishing the converter, some measured results on Li-ion battery for electrical scooter are provided to show its successful operation and effectiveness. A simulation model based on IsSpice is carried out to make the analysis and design of control strategies more easier. Finally, a DSP-based battery test system with 110Vrms/60Hz and 48V DC/500W is constructed. Some measured results are provided to show its good performance.
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Yang, Chung-Kuang, and 楊鎮光. "Design and Implementation of a CLLC Resonant Converter with Bi-Directional Power Flow." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hytec2.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系
106
This paper is aimed to design and implement a CLLC resonant DC-DC converter with bi-directional power flow control, which is installed in front end of energy storage system (ESS) to act as energy buffer for load. The CLLC will provide extra power from ESS to load side when the load needed transient power. In contrast, the CLLC will store the regenerated energy from load side to ESS. Therefore, the pulsating energy yielded by transient load can be reduced through CLLC. Hence, not only the current stress of the front-end AC-DC converter or rectifier but also the risk of grid’s overload are effectively decreased. Due to the need of suppling transient power, the CLLC should provide the capability of fast current control. In addition, the CLLC can reach ZCS to enhance efficiency of the constructed ESS with adequate design under charging mode. Finally, a DSP (TMS320F28075)-based controller is used to constructed an 1kW/400V/48V bi-directional power flow converter as test platform to verify the effectiveness of proposed system.
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Talwar, Saurabh. "Islanding detection in distribution system embedded with renewable-based distributed generation." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/290.

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Classical view of power system is characterized by a unidirectional power flow from centralized generation to consumers. Power system deregulation gave impetus to a modern view by introducing distributed generations (DGs) into distribution systems, leading to a bi-directional power flow. Several benefits of embedding DGs into distribution systems, such as increased reliability and reduced system losses, can be achieved. However, when a zone of the distribution system remains energized after being disconnected from the grid, DGs become islanded and early detection is needed to avoid several operational issues. In response to this call, a wavelet-based approach that uses the mean voltage index is proposed in this work to detect islanding operation in distribution systems embedding DGs. The proposed approach has been tested in several islanding and non-islanding scenarios using IEEE 13-bus distribution system. The results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to other islanding approaches previously published in the literature.
UOIT
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Yeh, Yu-Ting, and 葉昱廷. "A Single-phase DC-AC Converter with High Dynamic Response and Bi-directional Power Flow Control." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4sfwp7.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系研究所
99
This paper is aimed to design a single-phase DC- AC converter with bi-directional power flow control. The converter is implemented by a full-bridge circuit with bipolar PWM control to act as grid-connected inverter or provide transient current to non-linear load to reduce AC voltage harmonics. A power device with both motoring and generating mode is connected to DC link and controls power flow between power device in DC-side and power grid in AC-side of the proposed DC-AC converter according to DC link voltage. The converter becomes DC-AC converter and sends the energy generated by the power device to electric grid when the DC-link voltage is higher than default voltage command. As the DC link voltage is less than default voltage command, the proposed converter withdraws power from electric grid to the power device. Meanwhile, the converter also provides near unity power factor control for electric grid in the bi-directional power flow control. In order to enhance light-load efficiency of the proposed converter when send the energy to electric grid, an integral-cycles injection of current is developed. When the generated power is less than a preset value, the energy will be stored in the electrolytic capacitance installed in the DC link and all the power switches of full-bridge circuit are turned off. In the need of high dynamic response for AC power supply with line frequency transformer as isolated output, the AC-side of the proposed converter is connected to output of the line-frequency transformer. The converter co-works with the AC power supply and provides extra transient current, which is determined by the difference between AC voltage command and actual voltage of load, for the nonlinear loads to compensate the voltage distortion. Therefore, output voltage harmonics of the AC power supply can be reduced dramatically to meet the requirement of regulations. A single-phase full-bridge DC-AC converter controlled by a DSP-TMS320F28035 with 110V/1 kW is constructed. To realize the digital power control, all the controlling strategies are written by software. Some experimental results are provided to show its efficiency.
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Nimesh, V. "Dual Comparison One Cycle Control for Grid Connected Converters." Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4321.

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Grid connected converters are widely used as front end rectifiers, interface between renewable energy and grid, and power quality applications. Popular control techniques to generate gating signals for active devices, reported in literature are voltage-oriented control, direct power control and one cycle control. In literature, one cycle control has also been reported as scalar resistive emulation or unified constant frequency integration control. The above-mentioned control techniques has been collectively addressed as conventional one cycle control (C-OCC). Light load instability and steady state dc offset phenomenon are the major concerns with of the conventional one cycle control reported in literature. These issues were addressed in the literature by treating them independently. This thesis proposes a common solution to address the light load instability and steady state dc offset phenomenon of conventional one cycle control. C-OCC employs peak detection comparison method, hence the peak of the current always confines with the grid voltage. Therefore, the average current will differ by the ripple error. This results in the steady state dc offset, which is more severe at light load. Further in C-OCC, since the valley of current is not controlled a localized sub-harmonic instability occurs when slope of the falling current is greater than that of the slope of carrier. This thesis proposes a method to control both peak and valley of current, such that the converter changes its state when the expected value of current has been attained. Valley of current in each carrier cycle is decided such that the current has no steady state dc offset in current. To control peak and valley of current, this comparison is necessitated once more. This results in two comparisons in a carrier cycle, hence the name dual comparison one cycle control (DC-OCC). A generalized approach for controlling average current in a carrier cycle for grid connected converter has been proposed. Stability of the inherent current loop in DC-OCC, using propagation dynamics of small disturbance, showed that the proposed control strategy did not suffer from localized sub-harmonic instability. In a converter controlled by C-OCC and DC-OCC, the current lags the grid voltage. The reason for this has been discovered to be the inductive drop across the boost inductor. A novel method to compensate for the inductive drop is proposed in this thesis. The sensed input current is modified by adding a 90°phase shifted current with appropriate gain and is used for comparison to generate gating signals for active devices. The sensed input current is added with a fictitious current, generated from gating signal of the active devices, to enable bi-directional power ow in converters controlled by DC-OCC. A second order band pass filter (BPF) is used to generate the fictitious current from the gating signal. Effects of BPF corner frequency in quality of current drawn or injected into the grid is used during the design of the filter. The sum of sensed input current and fictitious current, is further modified by adding a 90°phase shifted current with appropriate gain. This modification enabled the converter to draw or inject power at an adjustable displacement power factor. Moreover, this modification also enables the converter to operate as a STATCOM. The gain of the phase shifted current determines the phase of the current drawn or injected. The current loop showed a tendency to become unstable when the gain of the phase shifted current approached 0.5. Small signal model of the converter is used to analyze this instability. Average modeling technique is used to derive the model of the converter controlled by DC- OCC. Further, the non-linear average model is linearized using small signal analysis. The small signal model shows the presence of an inherent current loop with a proportional controller. Gain of the proportional controller is the effective resistance seen by the current loop. As the gain of the phase shifted current loop approaches 0.5, the closed poles of the inherent current loop crosses over to the right half of s-plane, causing an instability in the current loop. Design of voltage loop controller parameters is also presented in this thesis. All of the above modifications are validated in simulations and experiments. Simulation and experimental results are presented in this thesis for converters in the range from 600 W to 2 kW.
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Book chapters on the topic "Bi-directional power flow"

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Lavanya, N., and P. N. H. Phanindra Kumar. "Design and Analysis of Improved Indirect Matrix Converter Supplying Power to Rotor of DFIG for Bi-directional Power Flow." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 277–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7245-6_22.

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Zhao, Yanlei, Naiyong Xia, and Housheng Zhang. "Design on Triple Bi-directional DC/DC Converter Used for Power Flow Control of Energy Storage in Wind Power System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 7–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21762-3_2.

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Khare, Bharat Bhushan, Rajeev Shankar Pathak, Sanjeev Sharma, and Vinod Kumar Singh. "Review on the Development of Solid State Transformer." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 119–26. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7611-3.ch010.

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According to future renewable electric energy distribution and management (FREEDM) system, solid state transformers play an important role in smart grid technologies. They have several advantages over conventional transformers such as bi-directional power flow, light in weight, compact size, etc. They also compensate the environmental issues which are created due to transformer oil. Because of various advantages over traditional transformer, SST is preferred widely at the present time. So in this chapter, the various architectures, needs, and applications of solid state transformers are discussed. The global market of SST has continuously improved because it has several applications and benefits.
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Adnan, Nadia, Shahrina Md Nordin, Imran Rahman, Pandian Vasant, and Muhammad Amir Noor. "An Integrative Approach to Study on Consumer Behavior towards Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Revolution." In Applied Behavioral Economics Research and Trends, 183–213. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1826-6.ch010.

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Transport electrification has experienced major deviations for the last few decades. Current investigation towards the implication of green technologies to decrease pollution and increase diffusion of renewable energy in the transportation sector are achieving more attention. The significance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) play a key role towards the policy option to reduce the environmental concern. There are major uncertainties in the diffusion of PHEVs timing of market distribution among consumers. However, there has been a considerable effort made towards the benefit of PHEVs demand. Yet, the debates on consumer behavioral economics towards the adoption of electric vehicles are less recognized. Researchers highlight the significance of PHEVs from a combined perspective considering PHEVs which allows bi-directional flow of electricity. However, it mainly focuses on interface among technology adoption and consumer behavior includes many other aspects such as individual adoption behavior, vehicles performance, environmental concern and power system demand.
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Adnan, Nadia, Shahrina Md Nordin, Imran Rahman, Pandian Vasant, and Muhammad Amir Noor. "An Overview of Electric Vehicle Technology." In Green Marketing and Environmental Responsibility in Modern Corporations, 198–220. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2331-4.ch011.

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Modern studies on green technologies for transportation sector are attaining attraction among the research communities from diverse parts. We learn the significance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles which play a key role toward the policy option to reduce the environmental concern. There are major uncertainties in the diffusion of electric vehicles timing of market diffusion among consumers. However, there has been a considerable effort made towards the benefit of electric vehicles demand. Yet, the debates on consumer behavior towards the adoption of electric vehicles are less recognized. Researcher's highlighting the significance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles from a combined perspective considering V2G technology which allows bi-directional flow of electricity. On the other hand, when electric vehicles are recharged from electricity produced from conventional technology power plants such as oil or coal-fired plants, they may produce equal or sometimes more greenhouse gas emissions than conventional gasoline vehicles.
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Saranya, P., and R. Rajesh. "Evolution of Smart Energy Grid System Using IoT." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 115–31. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7756-4.ch007.

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The IoT is a rapidly emerging research area. It refers to an infrastructure network that includes digital data, mechanical objects, computational devices, and sensors that have unique identities. IoT delivers many solutions in various domains by providing connection of devices through the internet. Recently electricity is very important in our day-to-day lives. The consumption of electricity is also rapidly increasing. It is necessary to improve the production of electricity and also reduce the wastage of electricity in transmission lines. The energy grid refers to the next generation power grids, with bi-directional or two-way flows of electricity through the communication interface or protocols. The energy management in grid ensures stability between the supply and demand, which is maintained for reducing the wastage of electricity. In order to achieve this reduction, it is necessary to monitor the parameters of the PV system by the IoT hardware. Specifically, the authors focus on IoT technologies for monitoring the parameters of PV systems such as voltage and current by sensors in IoT.
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Conference papers on the topic "Bi-directional power flow"

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Yu, Sheng-Yang, and Alexis Kwasinski. "Investigation of multiple-input converters bi-directional power flow characteristics." In 2013 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2013. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2013.6520436.

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Sue, Shinn-Ming, Yi-Shuo Huang, Jhih-Sian Syu, and Chen-Yu Sun. "A bi-directional power flow IPM-BLDC motor drive for electrical scooters." In 2010 5th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2010.5514921.

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Haowen, Liu, Lv Yi, Xu Xiaochun, Liu Dong, Huang Yuhui, and Wu Xiaofei. "Optimal Configuration of High Penetration Rate DGs Considering Bi-directional Power Flow." In 2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced.2018.8592025.

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Kan, Zhizhong, Pengcheng Li, Ranran Yuan, and Chunjiang Zhang. "Interleaved three-level bi-directional DC-DC converter and power flow control." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igbsg.2018.8393534.

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Naguib, M. F., and Luiz A. C. Lopes. "Analysis of a Hybrid Current Source Converter with Bi-directional Power Flow Capability." In 2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference (EPC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epc.2007.4520318.

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V, Bharathi, M. V. Chilukuri, and Arunachalam M. "Bi-Directional Power Flow in Solar PV to Maintain the Load Power Constant Using PSCAD." In 2020 IEEE India Council International Subsections Conference (INDISCON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indiscon50162.2020.00044.

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Suh, Yongsug, Taewon Kang, Hyeoncheol Park, Byungik Kang, and Simon Kim. "Bi-directional power flow rapid charging system using coupled inductor for electric vehicle." In 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2012.6342329.

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Xia, Yinglai, and Raja Ayyanar. "Influence of bi-directional power flow on impedance and stability of cascaded systems." In IECON 2014. 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2014.7048707.

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Zhang, Min, and Wendi Zheng. "Refined Modeling and Bi-directional Power Flow Control of Reversible Solid Oxide Cell." In 2021 IEEE 2nd China International Youth Conference on Electrical Engineering (CIYCEE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciycee53554.2021.9676971.

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Wu, Xuewei, Zhe Chen, and Jiakun Fang. "Unit Commitment of Integrated Electricity and Heat System with Bi-directional Variable Mass Flow." In 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9281429.

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