Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biafra

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Biafra'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Biafra"

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Omaka, Arua Oko. "Conquering the Home Front: Radio Biafra in the Nigeria–Biafra War, 1967–1970." War in History 25, no. 4 (May 25, 2017): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344516682056.

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Radio, as a modern communication technology, has played a revolutionary role in propaganda wars. Governments and revolutionaries find it indispensable because of its advantage in disseminating messages quickly across national borders. The Biafran government saw the enormous propaganda potential of radio and tactically exploited it. Despite this strategic role, scholars have failed to represent Radio Biafra as an important arm of the Biafran struggle for self-determination. Using archival documents, newspaper articles, and oral interviews, this article explores the role of Radio Biafra in the Nigeria–Biafra War. It argues that Radio Biafra not only sustained the support and loyalty of Biafrans but also created a community spirit that bolstered Biafrans’ confidence in the war.
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DALY, SAMUEL FURY CHILDS. "THE SURVIVAL CON: FRAUD AND FORGERY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BIAFRA, 1967–70." Journal of African History 58, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853716000347.

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AbstractOver the course of the Nigerian Civil War (1967–70), many people in the secessionist Republic of Biafra resorted to forgery, confidence scams, and other forms of fraud to survive the dire conditions created by Nigeria's blockade. Forgery of passes and other documents, fraudulent commercial transactions, and elaborate schemes involving impersonation and racketeering became common in Biafra, intensifying as the Biafran government's ability to enforce the law diminished. Using long-neglected legal records from Biafra's courts and tribunals, this study traces the process by which deception emerged as a practice of survival in wartime Biafra – a process with important implications for the growth of fraud (known as ‘419’ after the relevant section of the Nigerian criminal code) in reintegrated postwar Nigeria.
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Neogy, Rajat, and Chinua Achebe. "On Biafra." Transition, no. 75/76 (1997): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2935410.

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Gomba, Obari. "Biafra and Abuse of Power in I.N.C. Aniebo’s Rearguard Actions." Matatu 49, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04902003.

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Abstract The Nigerian civil war has left a lasting impact on the politics of Nigeria. It has also provided material for I.N.C. Aniebo’s Rearguard Actions. Given the prior success of his novel The Anonymity of Sacrifice, this collection of short stories expands his creative portfolio on the subject of war. Over and above the predilection of Biafran discourse for blaming others for Biafra’s failure, Aniebo’s depiction of the war calls attention to the failings of Biafra itself. On the strength of Aniebo’s stories, this paper seeks to examine the nature of the abuse of power in Biafra and to show how such abuse helped precipitate the collapse of the breakaway nation-state.
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Daly, Samuel Fury Childs. "“Hell was let loose on the country”: The Social History of Military Technology in the Republic of Biafra." African Studies Review 61, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2018.41.

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Abstract:The problem of armed crime in late twentieth-century Nigeria was closely connected to the events of the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970). Legal records from the secessionist Republic of Biafra reveal how violent crime emerged as part of the military confrontation between Biafra and Nigeria. The wide availability of firearms, the Biafran state’s diminishing ability to enforce the law, and the gradual collapse of Biafra’s economy under the pressure of a Nigerian blockade made Biafran soldiers and civilians reliant on their weapons to obtain food and fuel, make claims to property, and settle disputes with one another. Criminal legal records illustrate how military technologies shape interactions and relationships in the places where they are deployed, and how those dynamics can endure after the war comes to an end. This speaks to larger theoretical questions about the symbolic and functional meanings of guns during and after wartime.
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Nwofe, Emmanuel Sunday, and Mark Goodall. "Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of ‘Biafraexit’ on Twitter after UK’s vote to leave the European Union." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 4, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/65.

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In a society bonded by a concatenation of diverse ethno-nationalism, the struggle for inclusion and exclusion becomes particularly unavoidable. Common among the findings of researchers of ethnic identities is the potential for conflicts when inequalities and injustices, rooted in ethnicity and religious identities are the basis for allocation of powers and resources. This is more threatening when a particular ethnic group is signposted as a threat to other group and targeted for ill-treatment. In Nigeria, the Igbo ethnic group is characterized as an endangered group and has risen at one point to challenge inequalities, injustices and state-orchestrated violence against the ethnic society that led to Nigeria-Biafra war between 1967 and 1970. Fifty years after the war, the Igbo ethnic society is still grappling to be included in the Nigeria nation-building project. The implication is a deep-rooted grievance among the Igbo ethnic group that the wave of campaigns and social movement for the restoration of Biafra continued to reverberate in recent times. After the UK’s ‘Brexit’ vote, the pro-Biafra activists launched ‘Biafraexit’ on Twitter in the style of ‘Brexit’ for a referendum to exit Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to examine the major sentiment of the people about the Biafra restoration 50 years after the Biafran war. Through a sentiment analysis of ‘Biafraexit’, ‘free Biafra’ hashtags and the ‘Biafra’ search term on Twitter, the paper examines to what extent the perception of insecurity of lives of the Igbos constitute major concern of proponents of Biafran independent on Twitter? How have the human right abuses of pro-Biafra activists under President Buhari’s rule facilitated feelings of insecurity, religious cleansing and Islamization among pro-Biafra activists? The implications of this for cohesive nation-building are discussed.
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Daly, Samuel Fury Childs. "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra." Comparative Studies in Society and History 62, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 868–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417520000316.

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AbstractWhat role did law play in articulating sovereignty and citizenship in postcolonial Africa? Using legal records from the secessionist Republic of Biafra, this article analyzes the relationship between law and national identity in an extreme context—that of the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970). Ideas about order, discipline, and legal process were at the heart of Biafra's sense of itself as a nation, and they served as the rhetorical justification for its secession from Nigeria. But they were not only rhetoric. In the turmoil of the ensuing civil war, Biafra's courts became the center of its national culture, and law became its most important administrative implement. In court, Biafrans argued over what behaviors were permissible in wartime, and judges used law to draw the boundaries of the new country's national identity. That law played this role in Biafra shows something broader about African politics: law, bureaucracy, and paperwork meant more to state-making than declensionist views of postcolonial Africa usually allow. Biafra failed as a political project, but it has important implications for the study of law in postcolonial Africa, and for the nation-state form in general.
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ANTHONY, DOUGLAS. "‘RESOURCEFUL AND PROGRESSIVE BLACKMEN’: MODERNITY AND RACE IN BIAFRA, 1967–70." Journal of African History 51, no. 1 (March 2010): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853710000022.

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ABSTRACTPropaganda from Biafra and pro-Biafran rhetoric generated by its supporters drew heavily on ideas of modernity. This continued a pattern of associations rooted in colonial-era policies and ethnic stereotypes, and also represented a deliberate rhetorical strategy aimed at both internal and external audiences. During the second half of the Nigeria–Biafra War, the concept of race assumed an increasingly prominent role in both Biafran and pro-Biafran discourse, in part because of the diminished persuasiveness of Biafran claims about Nigeria's genocidal intentions. Arguments about race dovetailed with established claims about modernity in ways that persist today.
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Diamond, Stanley. "Who Killed Biafra?" Dialectical Anthropology 31, no. 1-3 (June 29, 2007): 339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10624-007-9014-9.

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Amiara Amiara, Solomon. "Nigerian−Biafra War: Re-interrogating Indiscipline and Sabotage among the Biafran Soldiers." Journal of Political Science and International Relations 2, no. 4 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jpsir.20190204.14.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biafra"

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Freitas, João Felipe Assis de. "Half of a Yellow Sun : a experiência dos cronotopos no contexto da Guerra de Biafra." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/328.

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O romance Half of a Yellow Sun, de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, apresenta uma narrativa em que a experiência dos cronotopos auxilia na compreensão do contexto da Guerra de Biafra (1967-1970). O enredo, estruturado em quatro partes interdependentes, possibilita, pelo menos, dois eixos de observação crítica: a) a percepção da formação das identidades dos sujeitos pós-modernos/pós-coloniais nesse cenário africano e b) a fragmentação da noção de espaço-tempo desses indivíduos. As figuras ficcionais do romance são sujeitos posicionados numa época e local de mudanças, confrontando o deslocamento das antigas tradições culturais africanas e a presença cada vez maior de valores estrangeiros, ocidentais. Portanto, o objetivo do nosso trabalho é o de analisar a construção dos cronotopos a partir de uma perspectiva com base nas personagens Ugwu, Olanna e Richard, bem como em seus respectivos núcleos de participação. Em um ambiente pós-colonial de produção, a obra possibilita ao leitor a oportunidade de conhecer literariamente a estória de um dos maiores traumas do continente africano presenciado por nigerianos e biafrenses e de sentir o sopro do vento da globalização pelas páginas do texto.
Half of a Yellow Sun, a novel authored by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, features a narrative in which the experience of chronotopoi assists in understanding the context of the Biafran War (1967-1970). The plot, divided into four interdependent parts, enables at least two axes of critical observation: a) the perception of the formation of postmodern/post-colonial subjects in an African scenery and b) the fragmentation of the concept of space-time in those individual’s experience. Fictional figures in the novel are positioned in an epoch and place of change and transition, confronting the displacement of ancient African cultural traditions and the increasing presence of foreign, Western values. Therefore, the aim of our work is to analyze the construction of chronotopoi from a perspective based on characters such as Ugwu, Olanna, and Richard, as well as their respective nuclei of participation. In a post-colonial context of production, this novel allows the reader the opportunity to know the literary story of one of the major traumas in the African context witnessed by Nigerians and Biafrans and to feel the breath of the wind of globalization through the pages of the text.
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Okigbo, Karen Amaka. "Ghostly Narratives : A Case Study on the Experiences and Roles of Biafran Women during the Nigeria-Biafra War." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29720.

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Since the end of the Nigcria-Biafra war in 1970, political and social theorists, journalists, and scholars have discussed the significance of the war and the major players. Yet one perspective is often omitted, and that is the experiences of women and the roles they played during the war. This thesis begins to unearth some of those hidden narratives through the use of in-depth interviews with seven Biafran women who lived during and survived the Nigeria-Biafra war. Their stories about the importance of their ethnic and religious identities, their roles and experiences during the war, their encounters with death and refugees, and their discussions of a generational shift are important parts of some of the unearthed narratives.
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Lanasri, Ammaria. "La Guerre du Biafra et la littérature nigériane." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598969f.

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Lanasri, Ammaria. "La guerre du biafra et la litterature nigeriane." Lille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL30016.

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Comme le suggere le titre de notre these, nous nous sommes proposes d'etudier l'impact de cet evenement historique sur la production litteraire nigeriane. Notre travail se divise en trois parties principales. La premiere partie est consacree au contexte socio-historique ou nous avons veille a montrer que les differences ethniques, religieuses et linguistiques existant entre les trois ethnies les plus importantes du nigeria : les haoussas, les yorubas et les ibos, ont ete aggravees par d'autres facteurs tels que la politique coloniale et l'ingerence des puissances etrangeres dans le conflit. La deuxieme partie porte sur la representation litteraire du conflit (analyse des causes telles qu'elles apparaissent dans l'univers fictionnel - descriptions de la guerre : vie au front du cote federal et biafrais - sort des populations civiles). La derniere partie s'attache a mettre en exergue l'engagement de l'ecrivain face au conflit (reaction et position) ainsi que l'aspect formel de la creation litteraire etudiee. Il apparait que celle-ci, en se voulant principalement transmettrice d'un enseignement, reponde a la litterature a these ou l'aspect esthetique cede la place a la pedagogie
As the title suggests it, our main concern was the study of the impact of the biafran war on the nigerian literature. Our work is divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the historical background. Our emphasis was on the fact that the differences which exist between the most important ethnic groups: the haoussas, the yorubas and the ibos, have been aggravated by the colonial policy and the interference of foreign nations in the conflict. The second part focuses on the literary representation of the conflict (with an analysis of the causes of the war as they appear in the novels studied, and the descriptions of the war on both sides, federal and secessionist. The last part is devoted to the reaction of the writer in front of the war and to the study of the formal aspect of the novels studied. It appears that the main characteristic of this literary production is to teach a lesson to the coming generations. This explains the lack of aesthetic concerns and the weaknesses of style
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Davies, Patrick Ediomi. "Use of propaganda in civil war : the Biafra experience." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1460/.

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This study examines the effect of propaganda in the Biafran war. Nigeria, the show case of British colonial rule and Empire, and transfer to independence, was at the point of disintegration in 1967. A section of the country, the Eastern region had dared to do the unthinkable at that time, to secede. The British and Nigerian governments were determined that it would not happen. The break away region, which called itself Biafra was blockaded by land, air and sea, and starved of weapons and the means of livelihood. The only means available to it was propaganda. In the opinion of many commentators, Biafra employed propaganda admirably and effectively, sustaining the war for three years, against all odds. An investigation into the background of Biafra's successful propaganda thrust became a very compelling urge for me. But to arrive at that point, an examination is made of propaganda cultures that bear a family resemblance to that of Biafra. Because of the complete dearth of materials by media practioners, or the protagonists, or actors on the Biafran media/propaganda scene, it has been necessary to travel to and from Nigeria several times to interview the key participants. The issuance of questionnaires was unsuccessful as no one had or found time to fill them in. Data and Statistics were non existent in any cohesive form. There is still even now a reticence by the principal actors to discuss the issues involving the war. To discuss a familial pattern, or any other form of family migration which might support the argument of the success of Biafra's propaganda, three models have been examined, ie; Hitler's/Goebbels' German propaganda, (as a watershed in modern war propaganda), Mao Tse Tung's Chinese propaganda, and Ojukwu's Biafran propaganda. However, other examples like the English, American, Russian, and French civil wars and revolutions, etc; are employed in the arguments and discussions. The thesis examines psychological warfare, the origins of propaganda, modern methods and concepts, the Biafran domestic and external factors; and suggests that the exploitative propaganda tools in most civil conflicts are religion, and/or tribal/ethnic/nationalistic tendencies. The difference is that in Biafra there was a first - hunger and starvation became a massively useful propaganda weapon.
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Omenka, Nicholas. ""Blaming the Gods: Religious Propaganda in the Nigeria-Biafra War"." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2009. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,3358.

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Omenka, Nicholas. "Book Review: Tony Byrne, "Airlift to Biafra: Breaching the Blockade"." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1999. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,715.

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Luepke, Anna-Katharina. "'The other side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War : a transnational history." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-other-side-of-the-nigeriabiafra-war(fc5da1c7-2ed7-472e-9d07-29046eb959a7).html.

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During the civil war between Nigeria and the separatist south-eastern state of Biafra, a famine developed that became a global media event in the summer of 1968. Graphic images of starving children captured the public imagination and became a hallmark of the media coverage of famines and humanitarian crises to come. Biafra committees sprang up all over the world and began to support Biafra’s bid for independence and to protest the inactivity of foreign states in the face of what they believed to be a genocide. Expatriate Biafrans and Nigerians in Europe or North America lobbied governments to support their respective side and set up organisations for that very purpose. While the churches and other humanitarian agencies launched fund-raising campaigns to finance the greatest relief effort since the Second World War, most foreign governments hesitated to get involved. The humanitarian effort during the Nigeria-Biafra War became the catalyst of the development of the modern humanitarian industry as well as the breakthrough of the interventionist humanitarianism associated with the borderless movement. A growing number of studies on the global history of the Nigeria-Biafra War have begun to reconstruct the roles of various countries during the war, trace changes in the landscape of humanitarian organisations, and explore the discursive forms of engagement with Biafran suffering. This thesis adds to the existing body of knowledge by studying the transnational dimension of the war and highlighting the intersection of various agents, including the media, governmental institutions, and advocates. The overall argument is that a particular constellation of institutions and converging developments – namely the backdrop of 1960s activism, the media interest in publicising Biafran suffering, and the reluctance of governments to actively intervene to bring about peace – resulted in the rise of the modern humanitarian industry. Simultaneously, the visceral albeit simplifying narrative of human suffering turned the Biafran famine into an almost global cause célèbre and strengthened paternalistic views of the Third World as a space for continued foreign intervention.
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Johansson, Maria. "Den stumma nöden : Den svenska dagspressens representation av humanitära aktioner i det svältande Afrika." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation (JMK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-69184.

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Sammanfattning Intensiva fallstudier av dagspressens representationer av humanitära aktioner Biafra 1968 och på Afrikas horn 2011 möjliggör en jämförelse i hur skildringen av det svältande Afrika förändrats över tid. Uppsatsens syfte har, med denna komparativa ansats, fokuserat på hur den utrikesjournalistiska diskursen skapar Oss och de Andra. Detta har undersökts med följande frågeställningar: Hur framställs de behövande och de som hjälper? Legitimeras humanitära aktioner? I så fall: hur? Vad har detta med utrikesjournalistikens diskursiva praktiker att göra? Hur kan detta kopplas till ideologier, maktrelationer och kulturella värderingar i den sociokulturella kontexten? Med postkolonial teori har utgångspunkten varit att undersöka hur kolonialismen som ideologi, som en del av det svenska, kollektiva minnet, inverkar på journalistiken. Den empiri som ligger till grund för analyserna består sammanlagt av fyra publikationer från Dagens Nyheter som, med sin ledande ställning, representerar dagspressen. Två artiklar från vardera fall, Biafra 1968 och Afrikas horn 2011, har analyserats med kritisk lingvistik, för den textuella nivån av den mer övergripande metoden; kritisk diskursanalys, där dess teori ger text, i snäv mening, en särskild konstituerande funktion för hur vi ser på världen. Identiteten av Oss har gått från en gemenskap byggd på svenskhet till ett mer kapitalistiskt, västligt Vi som går över nationsgränser. Bilden av de Andra står relativt stabil från 1968 till idag då den maktfulla afrikanen framställs som ett hot och de maktlösa som en stum, anpassningsbar massa. Resultatet visar också att den berättelse som den medierade diskursen, med sin rituella funktion, både då och nu använder sig av de koloniala projekten som kontext för att förklara humanitära aktioner i det svältande Afrika. Detta görs genom att Vi, genomgående för det empiriska materialet, överordnas de Andra.
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Cassano, Dora. "The Biafra War: Cultural Memory in two novels of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Chinelo Okparanta." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28167.

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Recently new novels about the Biafra war have appeared, proving the ongoing impact of the Nigerian civil war on writers’ interest, and the importance of memory in our life. For all these reasons, I decided to write the present thesis on how memory function in a literary work. The objective is to analyse the literary representation of the Biafra war, with a special focus on individual and collective memory production through two fictional novels: Half of a Yellow Sun, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, and Under the Udala Trees, by Chinelo Okparanta. In analysing the literary representations of Biafra in the light of memory studies, I have identified two levels of memory: literary characters’ memory and writers’ memory. Focusing on the level of the memory of the characters, I explored what the characters remember about the Biafra war both when the war is over and when it is still in progress, and what strategies they use to remember or to forget painful memories of the war.  What emerged through this first level of analysis is how Adichie and Okparanta have offered narratives focused not only on accounts of the war, but also on feelings and emotions. Moreover, the strategies of remembering and of forgetting represent tools of survival, and they are not in a relationship of exclusion. Focusing on the level of writers’ memory, I explored the perspectives used by Adichie and Okparanta to narrate and remember the Biafra war: a perspective from below, focused on ordinary people and on their daily lives; a female perspective which represents a novelty in a literary landscape dominated by male writers; the danger of a single story and its risk to create hegemonic narratives; the fictional perspective as a way to enrich a historical event with suggestive details fruit of writers’ imagination; the Afropolitan perspective and the greater openness of mind of the new generation of African writers.
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Books on the topic "Biafra"

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Requiem Biafra. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension Publishers, 1986.

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Biafra revisted. Dakar, Sénégal: African Renaissance, 2007.

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Akuneme, Ndubueze C. I saw Biafra. Lagos, Nigeria: Book Co., 2004.

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Onuoha, Ernest N. Biafra, the victims. Enugu, Nigeria: Moorhen Books, 2012.

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Echoes of Biafra: How Ghanaian press covered Nigeria-Biafra crisis. Nnewi, Nigeria: Confidence Newspapers, 2012.

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Anagbogu, Ifeanyi. The fall of Biafra. [Awka, Nigeria: Sellyoak Internationl Co., 2002.

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Gbulie, Ben. The fall of Biafra. Enugu, Anambra State, Nigeria: Benlie, 1989.

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Srhoj, Vinko. Grupa Biafra, 1970-1978. Zagreb: Art studio Azinović, 1999.

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Clergerie, Jean-Louis. La crise du Biafra. [Paris]: Presses universitaires de France, 1994.

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Oparah, Peter Claver. The man of Biafra. Canton, Ma: Posterity Books and Publications, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biafra"

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Uche, U. U. "Biafra." In Annual Survey of African Law, 57–75. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315862606-5.

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Heerten, Lasse, and A. Dirk Moses. "The Nigeria-Biafra War." In Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide, 3–43. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The Routledge global 1960s and 1970s: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315229294-1.

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Okonta, Ike. "‘Biafra of the Mind’." In Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide, 360–86. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The Routledge global 1960s and 1970s: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315229294-16.

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Chuku, Gloria. "Women and the Nigeria-Biafra War." In Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide, 329–59. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The Routledge global 1960s and 1970s: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315229294-15.

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Smith, Karen E. "The UK and ‘Genocide’ in Biafra." In Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide, 137–55. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The Routledge global 1960s and 1970s: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315229294-6.

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Hannig, Florian. "West German Sympathy for Biafra, 1967–1970." In Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide, 217–38. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The Routledge global 1960s and 1970s: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315229294-10.

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Levey, Zach. "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra Civil War, 1967–1970." In Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide, 177–97. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The Routledge global 1960s and 1970s: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315229294-8.

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Harnischfeger, Johannes. "Biafra and Secessionism in Nigeria: An Instrument of Political Bargaining." In Secessionism in African Politics, 329–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90206-7_12.

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Ugochukwu, Françoise. "Colonial Heritage, Identity-Building and Communication: English and Nigerian Languages in Biafra." In The Palgrave Handbook of Languages and Conflict, 419–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04825-9_19.

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Ogbaa, Kalu. "Other Critics' Reviews of There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra." In The Life and Times of Chinua Achebe, 163–76. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003184133-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biafra"

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Yang, Zhou, Muhammad Hilmi Asyrofi, and David Lo. "BiasRV: uncovering biased sentiment predictions at runtime." In ESEC/FSE '21: 29th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3473117.

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"Fürstin ohne Ort. Vom Scheitern der Bianca Maria Sforza." In Visions of Community. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x0034d4ca.

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Li, Jun. "Nigerian Experience VS. Biafran Experience: the Politics of Experience in Chinua Achebe and Chimananda Adichie’s Novels." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassee-18.2018.52.

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CHIN, J. "Spray research in BIAA." In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1730.

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Kao, Ju-Hsien, Han Tong Loh, and Fritz B. Prinz. "Least-Square Biarc Curve Fitting for CNC Machining." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/cie-4286.

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Abstract For CNC cutter path generation of nonlinear curves or surfaces, curve fitting using circular arc segments can be more efficient than linear segments. This paper presents a new algorithm for approximating large sets of points using a spline of biarcs, each of which consists of two circular arcs connected in tangent-continuous manner. The approach proposed in this paper differs from the previous work in that it does not require to pre-determine the number of arc segments, and yet all the family of biarcs between two points can be used, not only the ones which minimize the curvature difference or radii ratio. Combining the merits of least-square algorithms and binary search methods, this approach is capable of producing the minimum, or near minimum number of biarcs needed to approximate points within specified accuracy.
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Diana, Shinta Rahma. "Biaya dan Manfaat Keanggotaan Indonesia pada Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO)." In Seminar Nasional Kebijakan Penerbangan dan Antariksa I. Bogor: In Media, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/p.sinaskpa.i.9.

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Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) adalah organisasi kerjasama keantariksaan di luar sistem PBB untuk kawasan Asia-Pasifik yang diinisiasi oleh Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Indonesia ikut menandatangani Konvensi APSCO pada tanggal 28 Oktober 2005, akan tetapi sampai saat ini Indonesia belum menjadi anggota penuh APSCO. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana posisi Indonesia dalam keanggotaannya pada APSCO, yang ditinjau dari aspek biaya dan manfaat. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dengan melakukan perhitungan manfaat dan biaya. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder berupa studi literature, yang didapat melalui dokumen – dokumen APSCO berupa annual report tahun 2016 (Income statement dan Expenditures), jurnal dan referensi-referensi lainnya. Hasil kajian biaya dan manfaat Indonesia pada APSCO menunjukkan bahwa manfaat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan biayanya. Manfaat tersebut benar-benar dapat terealisasikan apabila Indonesia dapat memanfaatkan dengan maksimal program-program ataupun kegiatan yang ditawarkan oleh APSCO dan menempatkan minimal satu orang untuk menduduki jabatan di dalam organisasi APSCO.
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Sukarminah, E., Y. Cahyana, T. Rialita, Silvia Oktavia N. Yudiastuti, and H. G. Sobarsa. "Pengaruh Perbandingan Rumput Laut dan Susu Terhadap Karakteristik Yoghurt Probiotik Rumput Laut." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2020. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2020.49.

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Yogurt probiotik rumput laut adalah produk makanan fermentasi bakteri asam laktat yang menggunakan susu dan rumput laut merah Eucheuma cottonii sebagai bahan bakunya. Rumput laut memberikan efek fungsional pada inang dan berdampak pada tekstur yogurt. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rumusan keseimbangan rumput laut dan susu skim yang mempengaruhi karakteristik yoghurt untuk disukai oleh panelis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen menggunakan analisis rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. perlakuan yang diberikan adalah formulasi keseimbangan antara rumput laut dan susu 5:95, 15:85, 25:75, 35:65, dan 45:55 (v / v). keseimbangan Yogurt rumput laut dan susu 25:75 (v / v) memberikan karakteristik yogurt terbaik dengan pH 4,21; total padatan terlarut 16,75 brix; viskositas 765,67 mPas; total asam titrasi 0,64%; total bakteri asam laktat 6,9x108 cfu / mL; total bakteri probiotik 2,9 x 108 cfu / mL; kandungan protein 3,03%; 2,2% dari kandungan serat makanan dan karakteristik organoleptik yang meliputi warna 3,91% (suka), aroma 3,73 (suka), rasa 3,11 (biasa), ketebalan 3,6 (suka), keasaman 3,22 (normal), tekstur 3,45 (biasa), tekstur 3,45 (biasa) dan penampilan keseluruhan 3,64 (Suka).
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Chen, Zezhong C., and Xujing Yang. "A New Approach to G1 Biarc Approximations for Making Smooth, Accurate, and Non-Gouged Profile Features Using CNC Contouring." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21068.

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Extensive research on G1 biarcs fitting to free-form curves (i.e., Bezier, B-spline, and NURBS curves) has been conducted in the past decades for various purposes, including CNC contouring to make smooth, accurate profile features such as pockets, islands, and sides. However, all the proposed approaches only focused on the approximation errors and the biarc number, not on the radius of the individual fitting arc; so it could be smaller than the cutting tool, which would cause gouging during machining. This work, based on the tool radius pre-determined by the minimum size of the concavities of the design profile, proposes a new approach to approximating the profile with a G1 biarc curve in order to make smooth, accurate, and non-gouged profile features using CNC contouring. The significant new contribution of this work is a new mechanism that ensures all the concave arcs of the fitting curve are larger than the pre-determined tool and the fitting errors meet the specified tolerance. This approach can promote the use of G1 biarc tool paths in the manufacturing industry to make high precision profile features.
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"Geschlecht, Beziehung, Politik. Welche Möglichkeiten und Grenzen „erfolgreichen“ Handelns hatte Bianca Maria Sforza?" In Visions of Community. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x00376ea5.

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Koc, Bahattin, Yuan-Shin Lee, and Yawei Ma. "Max-fit biarc fitting to STL models for rapid prototyping processes." In the sixth ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/376957.376983.

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Reports on the topic "Biafra"

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Akresh, Richard, Sonia Bhalotra, Marinella Leone, and Una Osili. First and Second Generation Impacts of the Biafran War. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23721.

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timan, Su. PENGARUH BIAYA OPERASIONAL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (STUDI KASUS PADA PT GEMILANG ABADI). Jurnal Madani: Ilmu Pengetahuan, Teknologi, dan Humaniora, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33753/madani.v1i2.20.

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‘Relative Age and Specific Learning Disorder Diagnosis’ – In Conversation with Dr. Bianca Arrhenius. ACAMH, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.15518.

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With the launch of our third journal, JCPP Advances, we're bringing you a series of podcasts that focus on the papers and editors featured in the publication. In this podcast we speak to Dr. Bianca Arrhenius, medical doctor from Helsinki, Finland, and PhD student at the University of Turku, who is lead author on the paper 'Relative Age and Specific Learning Disorder Diagnosis'.
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