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Freitas, João Felipe Assis de. "Half of a Yellow Sun : a experiência dos cronotopos no contexto da Guerra de Biafra." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/328.
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O romance Half of a Yellow Sun, de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, apresenta uma narrativa em que a experiência dos cronotopos auxilia na compreensão do contexto da Guerra de Biafra (1967-1970). O enredo, estruturado em quatro partes interdependentes, possibilita, pelo menos, dois eixos de observação crítica: a) a percepção da formação das identidades dos sujeitos pós-modernos/pós-coloniais nesse cenário africano e b) a fragmentação da noção de espaço-tempo desses indivíduos. As figuras ficcionais do romance são sujeitos posicionados numa época e local de mudanças, confrontando o deslocamento das antigas tradições culturais africanas e a presença cada vez maior de valores estrangeiros, ocidentais. Portanto, o objetivo do nosso trabalho é o de analisar a construção dos cronotopos a partir de uma perspectiva com base nas personagens Ugwu, Olanna e Richard, bem como em seus respectivos núcleos de participação. Em um ambiente pós-colonial de produção, a obra possibilita ao leitor a oportunidade de conhecer literariamente a estória de um dos maiores traumas do continente africano presenciado por nigerianos e biafrenses e de sentir o sopro do vento da globalização pelas páginas do texto.
Half of a Yellow Sun, a novel authored by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, features a narrative in which the experience of chronotopoi assists in understanding the context of the Biafran War (1967-1970). The plot, divided into four interdependent parts, enables at least two axes of critical observation: a) the perception of the formation of postmodern/post-colonial subjects in an African scenery and b) the fragmentation of the concept of space-time in those individual’s experience. Fictional figures in the novel are positioned in an epoch and place of change and transition, confronting the displacement of ancient African cultural traditions and the increasing presence of foreign, Western values. Therefore, the aim of our work is to analyze the construction of chronotopoi from a perspective based on characters such as Ugwu, Olanna, and Richard, as well as their respective nuclei of participation. In a post-colonial context of production, this novel allows the reader the opportunity to know the literary story of one of the major traumas in the African context witnessed by Nigerians and Biafrans and to feel the breath of the wind of globalization through the pages of the text.
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Okigbo, Karen Amaka. "Ghostly Narratives : A Case Study on the Experiences and Roles of Biafran Women during the Nigeria-Biafra War." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29720.
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Since the end of the Nigcria-Biafra war in 1970, political and social theorists, journalists, and scholars have discussed the significance of the war and the major players. Yet one perspective is often omitted, and that is the experiences of women and the roles they played during the war. This thesis begins to unearth some of those hidden narratives through the use of in-depth interviews with seven Biafran women who lived during and survived the Nigeria-Biafra war. Their stories about the importance of their ethnic and religious identities, their roles and experiences during the war, their encounters with death and refugees, and their discussions of a generational shift are important parts of some of the unearthed narratives.
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Lanasri, Ammaria. "La Guerre du Biafra et la littérature nigériane." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598969f.
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Lanasri, Ammaria. "La guerre du biafra et la litterature nigeriane." Lille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL30016.
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Comme le suggere le titre de notre these, nous nous sommes proposes d'etudier l'impact de cet evenement historique sur la production litteraire nigeriane. Notre travail se divise en trois parties principales. La premiere partie est consacree au contexte socio-historique ou nous avons veille a montrer que les differences ethniques, religieuses et linguistiques existant entre les trois ethnies les plus importantes du nigeria : les haoussas, les yorubas et les ibos, ont ete aggravees par d'autres facteurs tels que la politique coloniale et l'ingerence des puissances etrangeres dans le conflit. La deuxieme partie porte sur la representation litteraire du conflit (analyse des causes telles qu'elles apparaissent dans l'univers fictionnel - descriptions de la guerre : vie au front du cote federal et biafrais - sort des populations civiles). La derniere partie s'attache a mettre en exergue l'engagement de l'ecrivain face au conflit (reaction et position) ainsi que l'aspect formel de la creation litteraire etudiee. Il apparait que celle-ci, en se voulant principalement transmettrice d'un enseignement, reponde a la litterature a these ou l'aspect esthetique cede la place a la pedagogieAs the title suggests it, our main concern was the study of the impact of the biafran war on the nigerian literature. Our work is divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the historical background. Our emphasis was on the fact that the differences which exist between the most important ethnic groups: the haoussas, the yorubas and the ibos, have been aggravated by the colonial policy and the interference of foreign nations in the conflict. The second part focuses on the literary representation of the conflict (with an analysis of the causes of the war as they appear in the novels studied, and the descriptions of the war on both sides, federal and secessionist. The last part is devoted to the reaction of the writer in front of the war and to the study of the formal aspect of the novels studied. It appears that the main characteristic of this literary production is to teach a lesson to the coming generations. This explains the lack of aesthetic concerns and the weaknesses of style
5
Davies, Patrick Ediomi. "Use of propaganda in civil war : the Biafra experience." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1460/.
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This study examines the effect of propaganda in the Biafran war. Nigeria, the show case of British colonial rule and Empire, and transfer to independence, was at the point of disintegration in 1967. A section of the country, the Eastern region had dared to do the unthinkable at that time, to secede. The British and Nigerian governments were determined that it would not happen. The break away region, which called itself Biafra was blockaded by land, air and sea, and starved of weapons and the means of livelihood. The only means available to it was propaganda. In the opinion of many commentators, Biafra employed propaganda admirably and effectively, sustaining the war for three years, against all odds. An investigation into the background of Biafra's successful propaganda thrust became a very compelling urge for me. But to arrive at that point, an examination is made of propaganda cultures that bear a family resemblance to that of Biafra. Because of the complete dearth of materials by media practioners, or the protagonists, or actors on the Biafran media/propaganda scene, it has been necessary to travel to and from Nigeria several times to interview the key participants. The issuance of questionnaires was unsuccessful as no one had or found time to fill them in. Data and Statistics were non existent in any cohesive form. There is still even now a reticence by the principal actors to discuss the issues involving the war. To discuss a familial pattern, or any other form of family migration which might support the argument of the success of Biafra's propaganda, three models have been examined, ie; Hitler's/Goebbels' German propaganda, (as a watershed in modern war propaganda), Mao Tse Tung's Chinese propaganda, and Ojukwu's Biafran propaganda. However, other examples like the English, American, Russian, and French civil wars and revolutions, etc; are employed in the arguments and discussions. The thesis examines psychological warfare, the origins of propaganda, modern methods and concepts, the Biafran domestic and external factors; and suggests that the exploitative propaganda tools in most civil conflicts are religion, and/or tribal/ethnic/nationalistic tendencies. The difference is that in Biafra there was a first - hunger and starvation became a massively useful propaganda weapon.
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Omenka, Nicholas. ""Blaming the Gods: Religious Propaganda in the Nigeria-Biafra War"." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2009. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,3358.
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Omenka, Nicholas. "Book Review: Tony Byrne, "Airlift to Biafra: Breaching the Blockade"." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1999. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,715.
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Luepke, Anna-Katharina. "'The other side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War : a transnational history." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-other-side-of-the-nigeriabiafra-war(fc5da1c7-2ed7-472e-9d07-29046eb959a7).html.
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During the civil war between Nigeria and the separatist south-eastern state of Biafra, a famine developed that became a global media event in the summer of 1968. Graphic images of starving children captured the public imagination and became a hallmark of the media coverage of famines and humanitarian crises to come. Biafra committees sprang up all over the world and began to support Biafra’s bid for independence and to protest the inactivity of foreign states in the face of what they believed to be a genocide. Expatriate Biafrans and Nigerians in Europe or North America lobbied governments to support their respective side and set up organisations for that very purpose. While the churches and other humanitarian agencies launched fund-raising campaigns to finance the greatest relief effort since the Second World War, most foreign governments hesitated to get involved. The humanitarian effort during the Nigeria-Biafra War became the catalyst of the development of the modern humanitarian industry as well as the breakthrough of the interventionist humanitarianism associated with the borderless movement. A growing number of studies on the global history of the Nigeria-Biafra War have begun to reconstruct the roles of various countries during the war, trace changes in the landscape of humanitarian organisations, and explore the discursive forms of engagement with Biafran suffering. This thesis adds to the existing body of knowledge by studying the transnational dimension of the war and highlighting the intersection of various agents, including the media, governmental institutions, and advocates. The overall argument is that a particular constellation of institutions and converging developments – namely the backdrop of 1960s activism, the media interest in publicising Biafran suffering, and the reluctance of governments to actively intervene to bring about peace – resulted in the rise of the modern humanitarian industry. Simultaneously, the visceral albeit simplifying narrative of human suffering turned the Biafran famine into an almost global cause célèbre and strengthened paternalistic views of the Third World as a space for continued foreign intervention.
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Johansson, Maria. "Den stumma nöden : Den svenska dagspressens representation av humanitära aktioner i det svältande Afrika." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation (JMK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-69184.
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Sammanfattning Intensiva fallstudier av dagspressens representationer av humanitära aktioner Biafra 1968 och på Afrikas horn 2011 möjliggör en jämförelse i hur skildringen av det svältande Afrika förändrats över tid. Uppsatsens syfte har, med denna komparativa ansats, fokuserat på hur den utrikesjournalistiska diskursen skapar Oss och de Andra. Detta har undersökts med följande frågeställningar: Hur framställs de behövande och de som hjälper? Legitimeras humanitära aktioner? I så fall: hur? Vad har detta med utrikesjournalistikens diskursiva praktiker att göra? Hur kan detta kopplas till ideologier, maktrelationer och kulturella värderingar i den sociokulturella kontexten? Med postkolonial teori har utgångspunkten varit att undersöka hur kolonialismen som ideologi, som en del av det svenska, kollektiva minnet, inverkar på journalistiken. Den empiri som ligger till grund för analyserna består sammanlagt av fyra publikationer från Dagens Nyheter som, med sin ledande ställning, representerar dagspressen. Två artiklar från vardera fall, Biafra 1968 och Afrikas horn 2011, har analyserats med kritisk lingvistik, för den textuella nivån av den mer övergripande metoden; kritisk diskursanalys, där dess teori ger text, i snäv mening, en särskild konstituerande funktion för hur vi ser på världen. Identiteten av Oss har gått från en gemenskap byggd på svenskhet till ett mer kapitalistiskt, västligt Vi som går över nationsgränser. Bilden av de Andra står relativt stabil från 1968 till idag då den maktfulla afrikanen framställs som ett hot och de maktlösa som en stum, anpassningsbar massa. Resultatet visar också att den berättelse som den medierade diskursen, med sin rituella funktion, både då och nu använder sig av de koloniala projekten som kontext för att förklara humanitära aktioner i det svältande Afrika. Detta görs genom att Vi, genomgående för det empiriska materialet, överordnas de Andra.
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Cassano, Dora. "The Biafra War: Cultural Memory in two novels of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Chinelo Okparanta." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28167.
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Recently new novels about the Biafra war have appeared, proving the ongoing impact of the Nigerian civil war on writers’ interest, and the importance of memory in our life. For all these reasons, I decided to write the present thesis on how memory function in a literary work. The objective is to analyse the literary representation of the Biafra war, with a special focus on individual and collective memory production through two fictional novels: Half of a Yellow Sun, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, and Under the Udala Trees, by Chinelo Okparanta. In analysing the literary representations of Biafra in the light of memory studies, I have identified two levels of memory: literary characters’ memory and writers’ memory. Focusing on the level of the memory of the characters, I explored what the characters remember about the Biafra war both when the war is over and when it is still in progress, and what strategies they use to remember or to forget painful memories of the war. What emerged through this first level of analysis is how Adichie and Okparanta have offered narratives focused not only on accounts of the war, but also on feelings and emotions. Moreover, the strategies of remembering and of forgetting represent tools of survival, and they are not in a relationship of exclusion. Focusing on the level of writers’ memory, I explored the perspectives used by Adichie and Okparanta to narrate and remember the Biafra war: a perspective from below, focused on ordinary people and on their daily lives; a female perspective which represents a novelty in a literary landscape dominated by male writers; the danger of a single story and its risk to create hegemonic narratives; the fictional perspective as a way to enrich a historical event with suggestive details fruit of writers’ imagination; the Afropolitan perspective and the greater openness of mind of the new generation of African writers.
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Desgrandchamps, Marie-Luce. "L'humanitaire en guerre civile : une histoire des opérations de secours au Nigeria-Biafra (1967-1970)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010604.
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Lors de l’été 1968, des images d’enfants décharnés, souffrant de maladies dues à la malnutrition affluent dans les médias occidentaux. Elles proviennent de la région sud orientale de la Fédération du Nigeria, qui a déclaré son indépendance une année auparavant sous le nom de République du Biafra, où se déroule une guerre civile qui oppose les troupes fédérales aux indépendantistes biafrais. L’émotion suscitée en Occident par les représentations du conflit et de la famine qui l’accompagne engendre la mobilisation de diverses organisations humanitaires, qui mettent sur pied des opérations de secours internationales destinées aux populations civiles. Encore peu étudiées par l’historiographie, la crise du Biafra et les réponses qui y sont apportées par les acteurs occidentaux sont l’objet de cette thèse. La recherche examine tout d’abord comment une guerre civile africaine prend la dimension d’une crise humanitaire internationale. Pour ce faire, elle analyse tant la situation sur place que les acteurs de son internationalisation et ses représentations. Ensuite, afin d’appréhender les opérations de secours dans leur complexité la thèse étudie le processus d’élaboration et le déploiement des réponses occidentales à la crise, ainsi que leur réception au Nigeria dans un contexte post-colonial. Enfin, la thèse questionne les principaux éléments qui ont fait du Biafra un moment charnière de l’histoire de l’humanitaire et met en lumière les reconfigurations des discours et des pratiques de l’aide humanitaire qui s’opèrent à la fin des années 1960In the summer of 1968, pictures of emaciated children, suffering from diseases due to malnutrition, poured in western medias. They came from the eastern region of the Federation of Nigeria, which had proclaimed its independence one year before and taken the name of the Republic of Biafra. War and famine that were taking place in the region generated widespread concern in the West, where humanitarian organizations decided to set up international relief operations to help alleviate the suffering of the civilian population. Still understudied by the historiography, the crisis in Biafra and the mobilization of western organizations are the subjects of this PhD. Firstly, the dissertation examines how an African civil war became an international humanitarian crisis. To this purpose, it analyses the situation in the ground, the actors of its internationalization and how it was represented. Secondly, in order to grasp the complexity of humanitarian aid, the dissertation studies the elaboration and the deployment of the relied operations, as well as their reception in Nigeria in a post-colonial context. Finally, the thesis questions why Biafra is usually considered as a turning point in the history of humanitarianism. By so doing, it sheds light on the reconfigurations of the discourses and practices of humanitarian aid that took place in the late 1960’s
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Soungoua, Jean-Marie. "Guerre et survie chez Cyprian Ekwensi et Ken Saro-Wiwa." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649927.
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La guerre civile du Nigéria est l'un des rares conflits en Afrique à avoir fécondé une littérature si abondante.Romanciers, poètes, dramaturges et essayistes décrivent cette guerre dans leurs écrits selon la sensibilité qui leur est propre. Parmi eux se trouvent Cyprian Ekwensi et Ken Saro-Wiwa dont le rapport à cette guerre est mise en évidence dans l'écriture de ce phénomène. Chacun d'eux utilise des procédés qui rendent bien compte du désordre et du chaos engendrés par ce drame
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Källroos, Dennis. "En etnisk secession : Varför Biafra beslutade sig föra att bryta sig loss och hur lärare kan göra det tydligare i historieämnet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-42903.
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The aim of the analysis in this essay will be divided into two cases. In the first, I will study the formation of a new State and why a geographic area of a country decides to make an secession. The focus will be on the secession of Biafra from Nigeria in 1967 and how the causes and explanations behind this secession, get in the Swedish literature as well as the international literature. In Case 2, I will use a explanation games, as a means to give pupils more understanding and to make it more clear, why a geographical area chooses to make a secession, and where I will use the secession of the Biafra from Nigeria as my example (Case 1). To more easily understand and answer the question, why the geographical area of Biafra in south-eastern Nigeria chose to do an secession, I have chosen to study my Case 1 from a social and political context. The broader aim of this essay is, during the use of theories to search which role the ethnicity and the ethnic pattern had in the decisions of the Biafra to do an secession and create a new state. But also to explore the didactic elements and methods in history teaching, we as teachers can use, in order to more clearly describe and explain why a geographical area decides to do an secession? Results from case 1 showed that ethnicity was a motivation for me to respond to the social and political events in Nigeria and to be able to explain why Biafra chose to break away. There are other reasons, but to me it was ethnicity and ethnic pattern the main causes and it became an ethnic breakaway from the Biafra. In case 2 the explanations games, need not be the only method for the teacher to more clearly explain for example why Biafra chose to break away from Nigeria but it can be a way to understand more.
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Santos, Flávia Kellyane Medeiros da Silva. "Meio Sol Amarelo e a crítica ao pensamento eurocêntrico sobre a África: Biafra e a resistência IGBO." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/jspui/handle/tede/2818.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate how a contemporary African novel develops a critique of the Eurocentric discourse on Africa. The work Half of a Yellow Sun (2008) by Chimamanda Adichie represents the corpus of this study, as it allows us to read a rebuke to the remnants of colonialism in the scenario of the Biafra war. The author's political engagement contributes to the deconstruction of the hegemonic discourse, aiming at destroying the mistaken image of the African world. The situation of African women is the theme and motive of Chimamanda's writing, which rejects the double process of subalternization imposed upon them. The narrative addresses the civil conflict unleashed in Nigeria in the late 1960s, the Biafra War, a clash between ethnic groups, which led the Igbo community to decimation by starvation and lack of weapons. The conflicts had the concurrence of the former settler, England, who crossed arms and ammunition, allowing the disaster occurred in an unequal struggle. The impacts caused by colonization on the African continent, justified by the imperialist discourse, are bluntly rejected in the novel. The analysis is based on postcolonial theory pointing to errors rooted in Western scientific and literary discourses on the history and culture of Africa. In Half Sun Yellow, Olanna and Kainene embark on the struggle for recognition and appreciation of their culture and for the independence of their people, facing the war and the biggest enemy: HUNGER. The African woman, protagonist of the novel, assumes the position of the generals of the war, adopting the command of the familiar and social causes in a context permeated by the human barbarity representing the ruptures with the tradition and the breakdown of Eurocentric paradigms. The theoretical postulates used in the research are proposed by Edward Said (1990, 2011), Homi Bhabha (1998), Ella Shohat and Robert Stam (2006), Gaiatry Spivak (1994,1999), Innocence Mata (2007), Ana Mafalda Leite 2007), Thomas Bonnici (2000, 2003, 2006), Chinua Achebe (2009, 2012) and Ngugi Thiongo (1997).
O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a forma como o romance de Chimamanda Adichie (2008) tece críticas severas ao parecer eurocêntrico e difamatório sobre a África e os seus costumes. A obra Meio Sol Amarelo (2008) representa o corpus deste estudo, pois permite ler uma repreensão aos resquícios do colonialismo, no cenário da guerra do Biafra. O engajamento político da autora contribui para a desconstrução do discurso hegemônico, visando a destruição da imagem equivocada do mundo africano. A situação das mulheres africanas é tema e motivo da escrita de Chimamanda, a qual rechaça o duplo processo de subalternização a elas imposto. A narrativa aborda o conflito civil desencadeado na Nigéria, no final dos anos 60, a Guerra de Biafra, embate entre etnias, que levou a comunidade igbo à dizimação pela fome e falta de armas. Os conflitos tiveram o concurso do antigo colonizador, a Inglaterra, que franqueou armas e munições, permitindo o desastre ocorrido em uma luta desigual. Os impactos causados pela colonização no continente africano, justificados pelo discurso imperialista, são rechaçados no romance, de forma contundente. A análise fundamenta-se na teoria pós-colonial apontando erros enraizados nos discursos científicos e literários ocidentais sobre a história e cultura da África. Em Meio Sol Amarelo, Olanna e Kainene lançam-se na luta pelo reconhecimento e valorização de sua cultura e pela independência do seu povo, enfrentando a guerra e o maior inimigo: a FOME. A mulher africana, protagonista do romance, assume a posição dos generais da guerra, adotando o comando das causas familiares e sociais num contexto permeado pela barbárie humana representando as rupturas com a tradição e a quebra de paradigmas eurocêntricos. Os postulados teóricos utilizados na pesquisa são propostos por Edward Said (1990, 2011), Homi Bhabha (1998), Ella Shohat e Robert Stam (2006), Gaiatry Spivak (1994,1999), Inocência Mata (2007), Ana Mafalda Leite (2007), Thomas Bonnici (2000, 2003, 2006), Chinua Achebe (2009, 2012) e Ngugi Thiongo (1997).
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Segers, Nelly. "L' espace de la guerre : un décor, un symbole, une esthétique ? : périples littéraires au Biafra (1966-1970)." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20027.
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La guerre civile nigériane a éclaté en juillet 1967 et s'est terminée en janvier 1970. Elle a induit une vaste production littéraire dans laquelle la sécession est exploitée pleinement. Que l'on considère le décor ou le texte qui dévoile des stratégies spatiales variées dans ses figures littéraires ou ses structures, l'espace reflète les fractures sociales qui ont mené à la guerre du Biafra. L'étude du décor le relie à une représentation symbolique de l'individu, de la communauté, de la nation et à des valeurs telles que devoir et justice. Les clés de cette recréation sont la rupture et la métamorphose. D'autre part, les écrivains nigérians utilisent pleinement la surface et les profondeurs textuelles pour construire une esthétique de la sécession et de l'unité, de l'identité et de l'anonymat, de la violence et de la mort. A la croisée de l'histoire et de la fiction, les œuvres nées du Biafra défrichent de nouvelles voies littéraires pour lutter contre l'anomie et la destructionThe Nigerian Civil War broke out in July 1967 and ended in January 1970. It entailed a wide literary production in which secession is fully exploited in the referential setting as well as the textual body. Whether one considers the geographical features or the text itself which implements various spatial strategies in similes and structures, space bears the stigmas of Nigerian social antagonisms which brought about the Biafran war. The study of the setting clearly connects it to a symbolical representation of the individual, the community, the nation and such values as duty and justice. The keystones of that recreation are rupture and metamorphosis. On the other hand, Nigerian writers use the possibilities of the textual surface and depths to set up an aesthetic rendering of secession and unity, identity and anonymity, violence and death. At the crossroads of history and fiction, the works born of Biafra open up new paths of literary inventiveness against anomy and destruction
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Radicchia, Gloria. "Southern Nigeria and the politics of memory: literary accounts on the Biafra war and the minorities’ struggle." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34493.
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The Nigeria-Biafra war (1967-70) was a critical event for the country and on an international level: furthermore, it forged forever the memory and narrative of Igbo people, authors, politicians and activists and minority groups. I chose this topic because I have always been interested in how political issues have been represented and argued in literature, how the authors and intellectuals have narrated the struggle and the fracture of such a complex nation as Nigeria and how much powerful collective memory can be for the personal and cultural story of a population. What can make the difference in remembering is even how a story and a particular memory is narrated through time. The aim of this thesis is therefore to explore the meaning of the political use of memory of the war through the testimonies of two contemporary fictional novels by Nigerian writers.
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Willms, Joshua P. "Dying for Attention: The Role of the Biafran Identity in the Biafran Campaign for Support during the Nigerian Civil War of 1967-70." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20081.
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This study examines the Biafran secession of 1967-1970 and how the secessionist government constructed a Biafran identity in its campaign to gain international support for Biafra’s permanent separation from Nigeria. The introductory chapter outlines the role of identity in Nigeria’s twentieth-century political history and discusses the scholarly literature addressing questions of national and ethnic identity and on the Biafran secession. The thesis then provides a historical framework for discussing the evolution of Nigerian political identities and the failures of Nigerian leaders to build a Nigerian nationalism among the region’s numerous identifiable groups in the colonial and early independence eras. Subsequent chapters analyse the Biafran government’s attempts to elide the inherent instability of identity and overcome the dynamic process of identity formation in Nigeria by constructing and promoting a fixed Biafran identity based on cultural characteristics and historical experiences that allegedly distinguished and united the diverse peoples of the secessionist region.
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Peters, Audrey D. "Fatherhood and Fatherland in Chimamanda Adichie's "Purple Hibiscus"." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1769.
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Purple Hibiscus, a novel by third-generation Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie, appears at first glance to be a simple work of adolescent fiction, a bildungsroman in which a pair of siblings navigate the typical challenges of incipient adulthood: social ostracism, an abusive parent, emerging desire. However, the novel's setting-a revolutionary-era Nigeria-is clearly intended to evoke post-Biafra Nigeria, itself the setting of Adichie's other major work, Half of a Yellow Sun. This setting takes Purple Hibiscus beyond the scope of most modern adolescent fiction, creating a complex allegory in which the emergence of self and struggle for identity of the Achike siblings represent Nigeria's own struggle for identity. Adichie achieves this allegory by allowing the father figures of the novel to represent the different political paths Nigeria could have followed in its post-colonial period. The Achike siblings' identities develop through interactions with each of these patriarchs.
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Anchieta, Amarílis Macedo Lima Lopes de. "Tongue-tied : traduzindo os contos em guerra de Chinua Achebe." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15756.
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A obra do escritor nigeriano Chinua Achebe é aclamada e traduzida no mundo inteiro. Assim como outros de sua geração, Achebe tornou-se referência incontornável no que concerne a construção e consolidação da literatura nigeriana. Apesar de ser mais conhecido por seus romances, os contos escritos por Achebe também são objeto de análise para a compreensão do contexto cultural pós-colonial. Este trabalho se propõe a realizar a tradução para o português do Brasil de três dos doze contos da antologia Girls at War and Other Stories, para analisar, então, qual a posição dessas narrativas especificamente no conjunto da obra do autor. Civil Peace (1971), Sugar Baby (1972) e Girls at War (1973) demonstram o trabalho literário de Achebe e marcam também a produção ficcional de Achebe nesse período, após a deflagração da guerra separatista do Biafra (1967 – 1970), em que sua ficção se tornou mais rara. Como estes são os únicos contos que tratam explicitamente do conflito bélico, são marcadamente diferentes dos outros em sua construção linguística, expõem evidências da guerra em seu cerne. O desafio da tradução é destacar essas peculiaridades do texto pós-conflito e demonstrar a dor da guerra também em português. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The work of the Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe is acclaimed and translated worldwide. Like other writers of his generation, Achebe became an essential reference regarding the construction and consolidation of Nigerian literature. Although best known for his novels, the short stories are also analyzed to obtain an understanding of the post-colonial cultural context. This research is based on translating into a Brazilian Portuguese three of the twelve short stories from the anthology, Girls at War and Other Stories (1973), with a view to analyzing the position these narratives in Achebe’s ouvre. Civil Peace (1971), Sugar Baby (1972) and Girls at War (1973) are examples of Achebe’s fictional production, which became rarer after the outbreak of the separatist war in Biafra (1967 - 1970). Since these are the only stories that explicitly deal with the armed conflict, they are markedly different from the others in terms of linguistic construction; the war is evident at the core of the narratives. The challenge of the translation work is to highlight these peculiarities of the post-conflict text and to convay the pain of the war in Portuguese.
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Ratcliffe, Gavin M. "Parental Advisory, Explicit Content: Music Censorship and the American Culture Wars." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1467141078.
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Chmelová, Lenka. "Zahraničná politika Nigérie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77399.
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This thesis deals with main principles and goals of Nigerian foreign policy, their evolution - success and failures, during the 50 year's existence of independent Nigeria. First chapter determinates the principles and goals, which more or less apply for each and every Nigerian government, militaristic and civil as well. Remaining three chapters describe and analyze the development of Nigeria's external relations in the three contexts of Nigeria's international interaction: domestic, regional and external.
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Karltun, Stina. "Utrymme för handling : Svenska kyrkan och medmänsklighet kring 1968." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kyrko- och missionsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-433413.
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The years around 1968 societal change was on the agenda of many political, cultural and other movements. This paper is about the role of Church of Sweden in relation to the demands of contemporary society. How did Church of Sweden approach the challenges that the time around 1968 presented in terms of vulnerability and human distress? In particular, what was the ability of the church and its members to be an active force in reducing the remaining pockets of poverty, to enhance equality? Did the church offer a possibility for the committed to participate through the church in improving human conditions in the world, something generally expected by a Christian church? By the reading of the church weekly magazine, Vår Kyrka, and applying a theory on “space of action”, the paper concludes that it was hard to develop meaningful social work in the parishes, partly due to the Parish Governance Act, Församlingsstyrelselagen. It was the international work that offered a “space of action” for the active parish members. Lutherhjälpen (Church of Sweden Aid) and Svenska kyrkans mission (Church of Sweden Mission) grew in importance and affected parishwork and the witness of the church at the time.
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Nwokeji, G. Ugo. "The Biafran frontier, trade, slaves, and Aro society, c. 1750-1905." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/NQ41260.pdf.
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Orji, Jennifer Obianuju. "Neutrality and Speaking Out: Challenges and Implications in the Biafran war." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423726.
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Krishnan, Madhu. "Constructions of self and community in the contemporary Nigerian-Biafran war novel." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580151.
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This thesis examines three novels written by authors of Nigerian Igbo descent: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), Chris Abani's GraceLand (2004) and Uzodinma Iweala's Beasts of No Nation (2005). Focusing upon the strategies through which each novel engages with the legacy of the Nigerian-Biafran War (1967-1970) as a means of reconstituting individual and collective identifications, this study seeks to redefine canonical notions surrounding identity-formation and identification in postcolonial studies, as well as provide a textually-driven examination of the contemporary Nigerian literary landscape which balances a discursive approach to the text with historical and material contextualization. The introduction to this study provides an overview of nation and identification in postcolonial studies, the Nigerian national context and the current field of literary criticism on contemporary Nigerian literature. Chapter 1 focuses on racial identification, deploying Fanon' s schema of racial alienation and its subsequent legacy in postcolonial studies. Chapter 2 examines the intersection of gendered identifications in the postcolonial context of Adichie's, Abani's and Iweala's texts. Chapter 3 moves from the micro- to macro-levels of the text, examining the use of language-as-rhetoric in each core text, focusing particularly on the tropes of literacy, writing and the book. Chapter 4 then considers the means through which mythopoetics are redeployed in these texts through narrative blending, double consciousness and the often-contentious concepts of magical realism and hybridity. The study concludes with a coda which considers the intersection of aesthetics and ethics in representations of African conflict.
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Jacobkersting, Bianka [Verfasser]. "Weiterentwicklung Netzwerktheorie basierender Werkzeugauslegung / Bianka Jacobkersting." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138178233/34.
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Dobner, Bianca Carola [Verfasser]. "Chemokine bei Aderhautmelanomen / Bianca Carola Dobner." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023232022/34.
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Heid, Bianca [Verfasser]. "Emaillierungen für Edelstähle / vorgelegt von Bianca Heid." [Clausthal-Zellerfeld] : [Univ.-Bibliothek], 2007. http://d-nb.info/987266780/34.
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Martinico, Bruno. "Condizioni di equilibrio di una nana bianca." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8303/.
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Il seguente lavoro di tesi descrive un modello fisico di nana bianca all'equilibrio partendo da dati empirici tipici per tali stelle. Si schematizza la stella come una sfera di gas He completamente ionizzato di densità uniforme, a temperatura T=const e soggetta ad un potenziale gravitazionale centrale. Il gas si costituisce di una parte degenere relativistica (elettroni) ed una parte classica ideale (gli ioni). Si procede ricavando le relazioni essenziali per determinare le proprietà di un gas di Fermi degenere relativistico, mostrando come, al limite di Boltzmann, descrivano anche il caso classico. La trattazione teorica è progressivamente supportata dalle stime dei parametri caratteristici delle due componenti del gas per verificare le loro condizioni fisiche e stimare l'importanza dei rispettivi contributi all'intero sistema. Si procede quindi all'esposizione dell'equilibrio tra pressione degenere ed attrazione gravitazionale ponendo particolare attenzione alla relazione raggio-massa. Infine si discutono le condizioni entro le quali un sistema fisico con tali caratteristiche può sussistere, con esplicito riferimento al limite di Chandrasekhar.
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Carnevali, Davide. "Spergola: vitigno a bacca bianca delle terre matildiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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La varietà Spergola, che deve il suo nome attuale alla morfologia poco compatta dei suoi grappoli, nel corso degli anni era conosciuta con molti altri nomi, alcuni dei quali sono: Spergolina, Alata, Pomoria e Pellegrina.Pur essendo coltivata in tutta l’ Emilia Romagna,la Spergola ha trovato il suo ambiente ideale sulle colline reggiane.
Le prime testimonianze scritte riguardanti la coltivazione di un’uva a bacca bianca in queste zone, risalgono al 1580, con la citazione del vino bianco di Scandiano da parte di Bianca Cappello, granduchessa di Toscana. La bibliografia riporta successivamente diverse citazioni fino a che nel 1961, Polsinelli e Cosmo, nel corso di uno studio ampelografico sul Sauvignon blanc, inserirono il nome Spergolina tra i sinonimi del Sauvignon, affermando che il vitigno notonel Reggiano con tale nomein realtà fosse il Sauvignon blanc. Tale affermazione fu smentita nel 2001 grazie ad una analisi molecolare che chiarì definitivamente la sua unicità e differenza genetica dal Sauvignon blanc.
Grazie alle informazioni fornite dalla provincia di Reggio Emilia, è stato possibile rilevare che la maggior parte dei vigneti di Spergola sono presenti nei comuni di Scandiano, Albinea, Casalgrande e Quattro Castella, mentre la forma di allevamento più utilizzata è risultata il Sylvoz, che negli ultimi anni è stata sostituita con sistemi a Guyot ed a cordone speronato che, essendo più equilibrati da un punto di vista vegeto produttivo, sono in grado di fornire uve di maggior qualità.
Dalle uve di Spergola si possono ottenere tre diversi prodotti enologici: un vino fermo, un frizzante ed uno spumante, ma quello che suscita maggior interesse nel consumatore è sicuramente lo spumante.
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Roth, Bianca [Verfasser]. "Postpartale Inkontinenz, Dyspareunie und negative Symptome / Bianca Roth." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001697251/34.
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Cornehl, Bianca [Verfasser]. "Bruch von Proteinkristallen im mechanischen Trennprozess / Bianca Cornehl." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1063222133/34.
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Trevisan, Bianka [Verfasser]. "Bewerten in Blogkommentaren : Mehrebenenannotation sprachlichen Bewertens / Bianka Trevisan." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058392158/34.
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Pape, Marion. "Frauen schreiben Krieg." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15584.
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Kein anderes Thema hat die nigerianische Literatur so dominiert wie der nigerianische Bürgerkrieg, in dessen Verarbeitung sich verstärkt auch Autorinnen einmischen. Die Dissertation evaluiert 34 Texte von 16 nigerianischen Autorinnen - 12 Romane und 22 Kurzgeschichten - und analysiert sie als Gesamtkorpus, in dem die Texte miteinander und mit der Männerliteratur einen Dialog um den Bürgerkrieg führen. Die Autorinnen wenden bei ihrem "war talk" literarische Strategien wie "re-reading" und "re-writing" an, das Neu-Lesen, Fort- und Umschreiben der Texte und Diskurse des "Zentrums", durch die nicht nur die Blindstellen eines von Männern dominierten literarischen Diskurses sichtbar werden, sondern durch die auch der Prozess des Aushandelns der Geschlechterverhältnisse sowie des Krieges selbst erfolgt, seiner Ursachen, Auslöser und Folgen. Die Autorinnen stellen den Krieg als "sexuelle Unordnung" dar, als Geschlechterkrieg. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass bei der Verortung der Perspektive der Autorinnen neben Geschlecht, ethnischer Zugehörigkeit auch andere Faktoren, wie Alter, Race, Grad der Distanz oder Nähe etc. berücksichtigt werden müssen, um vorschnelle Festschreibungen zu vermeiden. Hierbei spielen die Paratexte eine wichtige Rolle, in denen die Autorinnen sich persönlich zum Krieg äußern. Die Arbeit bewegt sich an den Schnittstellen mehrerer Disziplinen: Literatur, Historiographie und Geschlechterstudien. In der Einleitung werden die theoretischen Prämissen im Kontext von Krieg, Geschlecht und literarischer Repäsentation behandelt. Das 1. Kapitel ist dem historischen Kontext des Bürgerkrieges, einschließlich der Rolle der Frauen darin gewidmet. Im 2. Kapitel geht es um die Darstellung des Krieges, des Selbst- und Feindbildes sowie der Zukunft. Das dritte Kapitel handelt von der Beziehung zwischen Bürger- und Geschlechterkrieg, vermittelt durch das Medium literarischer Text. Die Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und der Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschung erfolgt im Schlussteil. Der Anhang enthält ein vorläufiges Verzeichnis der gesamten Frauenliteratur über den nigerianischen Bürgerkrieg.No other topic has dominated the Nigerian literature as much as the Nigerian Civil War and female authors increasingly interfere in its literary representation. The thesis evaluates 34 literary texts by 16 female Nigerian authors - 12 novels and 22 short stories - and analyses them as distinctive corpus whose individual texts are in a state of dialogue both with each other and with texts from male authors. The female authors use, in their "war talk", literary strategies like "re-reading" and "re-writing" of texts from the "Centre". On the one hand, these strategies enable them to make the blind spots of a male dominated literary discourse apparent/visible on the other hand, they facilitate the negotiation of gender relations and of the war itself, its causes, trigger points and consequences. The female authors represent war as "sexual disorder", as gender war. The study shows that in order to be able to locate an author''s perspective (and to avoid rash conclusions) it is essential to consider the different factors determining it - besides ethnicity and gender, also age, race, the grade of emotional involvement or distance etc. It is in this regard, where the paratexts play an important part, as in these authors express their personal views and comments on the war. The thesis is located at the interfaces of several disciplines: literary, historical and gender studies. The introduction deals with the theoretical backgrounds in the context of war, literary representation and gender. The first chapter is dedicated to the historical context of the Nigerian Civil War including the role of women. The second chapter looks at the paratexts, different representations of the war''s causes, the self-image, the enemy''s image and the future. The third chapter finally deals with the question how the relationship between Civil War and gender war is negotiated/conveyed through the medium of the literary texts. In the conclusion the results are summarized and prospects for future research are discussed. The appendix contains a preliminary bibliography of all literary texts on the Nigerian Civil War written by female authors.
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Jeffs, Nikolai. "Parker pen soldiers : the novel, the Nigerian/Biafran (civil) war, the nation-state and nationalism." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435254.
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Musone, Crispino Bianca [Verfasser]. "Eine Evaluation wissensbasierter Organisationsstrukturen interner Unternehmensberatungen / Bianca Musone Crispino." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2007. http://d-nb.info/993480020/34.
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Flickinger, Bianca. "Nanosekunden-zeitaufgelöste Messungen der Plasmamembranaufladung pflanzlicher Zellen / Bianca Flickinger." Karlsruhe, Baden : Universität Karlsruhe Universitätsbibliothek, 2010.
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Else, Bianca [Verfasser]. "Wettinische Klöster im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert / Bianca Else." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099858240/34.
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Schmidl, Bianca [Verfasser]. "Das mentale Lexikon von Lehrern und Schülern / Bianca Schmidl." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1090773145/34.
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Espinoza, Checa Roberto, and Salas Fernando Correa. "El Derecho de nuestro tiempo. Entrevista a Massimo Bianca." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122387.
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Wölfling, Bianca-Michaela [Verfasser]. "Celluloseallophanat: Herstellung, chemische Struktur und textile Anwendungen / Bianca-Michaela Wölfling." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017353662/34.
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Hetzner, Stefanie Bianca [Verfasser], and Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Gruber. "Reflection in professional practice / Stefanie Bianca Hetzner. Betreuer: Hans Gruber." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051132665/34.
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Reichert, Bianca [Verfasser]. "Die erbrechtliche Ausgleichung von Unterhaltsleistungen an behinderte Abkömmlinge / Bianca Reichert." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136247920/34.
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Della, Sala Elisa. "Se una notte bianca di mezza estate Vincenzo De Pretore." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8197/.
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Wachtel, Joseph Robert. ""Very advantageous beginnings" Jesuit conversion, secular interests, and the legacy of Port Royal, 1608-1620 /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218739101.
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Talozzi, Lia. "The arcuate fasciculus: an along-tract analysis with white matter probabilistic tractography." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10579/.
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Il cervello umano è composto da una rete complessa, formata da fasci di assoni, che connettono le diverse aree cerebrali. Il fascio arcuato collega l’area imputata alla com- prensione del linguaggio con quella dedicata alla sua produzione. Il fascio arcuato è presente in entrambi gli emisferi cerebrali, anche se spesso è utilizzato prevalente- mente il sinistro. In questa tesi sono state valutate, in un campione di soggetti sani, le differenze tra fascio arcuato destro e sinistro, utilizzando la trattografia, metodica avanzata e non invasiva che permette la ricostruzione della traiettoria delle fibre con immagini RM (Risonanza Magnetica) pesate in diffusione.
A questo scopo ho utilizzato un algoritmo probabilistico, che permette la stima di probabilità di connessione della fibra in oggetto con le diverse aree cerebrali, anche nelle sedi di incrocio con fibre di fasci diversi. Grazie all’implementazione di questo metodo, è stato possibile ottenere una ricostruzione accurata del fascio arcuato, an- che nell’emisfero destro dove è spesso critica, tanto da non essere possibile con altri algoritmi trattografici.
Parametrizzando poi la geometria del tratto ho diviso il fascio arcuato in venti seg- menti e ho confrontato i parametri delle misure di diffusione, valutate nell’emisfero destro e sinistro. Da queste analisi emerge un’ampia variabilità nella geometria dell’arcuato, sia tra diversi soggetti che diversi emisferi. Nell’emisfero destro l’arcuato incrocia maggiormente fibre appartenenti ad altri fasci. Nell’emisfero sinistro le fibre dell’arcuato sono più compatte e si misura anche una maggiore connettività con altre aree del cervello coinvolte nelle funzioni linguistiche.
Nella seconda fase dello studio ho applicato la stessa metodica in due pazienti con lesioni cerebrali, con l’obiettivo di testare il danno del fascio arcuato ipsilaterale alla lesione e stimare se nell’emisfero controlaterale si innescassero meccanismi di plastic- ità strutturale. Questa metodica può essere implementata, in un gruppo di pazienti omogenei, per identificare marcatori RM diagnostici nella fase di pianificazione pre- chirurgica e marcatori RM prognostici di recupero funzionale del linguaggio.
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Wackersreuther, Bianca [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Böhm. "Efficient Knowledge Extraction from Structured Data / Bianca Wackersreuther. Betreuer: Christian Böhm." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018847189/34.
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Wirnharter, Bianca [Verfasser]. "Retrospektive Untersuchung zur Erfolgsrate verschiedener Blockaden des Plexus brachialis / Bianca Wirnharter." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019167815/34.
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Truthe, Bianca [Verfasser]. "Endlichkeit von Bildsprachen synchroner, kontextfreier Ketten-Code-Bild-Systeme / Bianca Truthe." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186578572/34.
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Hoenig, Bianca [Verfasser], Christof U. [Herausgeber] Mauch, and Helmuth [Herausgeber] Trischler. "Geteilte Berge : Eine Konfliktgeschichte der Naturnutzung in der Tatra / Bianca Hoenig." Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018. http://www.v-r.de/.
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