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Cekiera, Andrzej Paweł. "Interpretation of Scriptural Texts in 11QMelchizedek and Its Theological Implications." Biblical Annals 11, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 411–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/biban.12449.
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Manuskrypt 11Q13 należy do peszerowej twórczości wspólnoty z Qumran i służy następującym celom: Po pierwsze, ukazuje szeroką perspektywę teologiczną niektórych ważnych koncepcji, rozpowszechnionych wśród członków yaḥad - grupy powstałej pod kierunkiem Nauczyciela Sprawiedliwości. Te koncepcje to: czasy eschatologiczne, dualizm i determinizm. Po drugie, odsłania specyficzną metodę interpretacji autorytatywnych pism świętych, która doprowadziła do powstania wyżej wymienionych koncepcji. Melchizedek jawi się jako ten, który wymierza sprawiedliwość na rzecz qumrańskiej wspólnoty - „synów światłości”, która była pośród przewrotnego pokolenia „synów ciemności”. Tożsamość Melchizedeka pozostaje jednak enigmatyczna. Opierając się na częściowo zrekonstruowanej II kolumnie rękopisu 11Q13, artykuł jest próbą rozwiązania trudności, która dotyczy pochodzenia i statusu tej głównej postaci.
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Muylle, Merel, Sarah Bernolet, and Robert J. Hartsuiker. "The role of L1 and L2 frequency in cross-linguistic structural priming: An artificial language learning study." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 24, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728921000110.
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AbstractWe investigated L1 and L2 frequency effects in the sharing of syntax across languages (reflected in cross-linguistic structural priming) using an artificial language (AL) paradigm. Ninety-six Dutch speakers learned an AL with either a prepositional-object (PO) dative bias (PO datives appeared three times as often as double-object [DO] datives) or a DO dative bias (DOs appeared three times as often as POs). Priming was assessed from the AL to Dutch (a strongly PO-biased language). There was weak immediate priming for DOs, but not for POs in both bias conditions. This suggests that L1, but not AL, frequency influenced immediate priming. Furthermore, the DO bias group produced 10% more DOs in Dutch than the PO bias group, showing that cumulative priming was influenced by AL frequency. We discuss the different effects of L1 and AL frequency on cross-linguistic structural priming in terms of lexicalist and implicit learning accounts.
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Montalvo-Pérez, Almudena, Lidia B. Alejo, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Mario Castellanos, Jaime Gil-Cabrera, Eduardo Talavera, Alejandro Lucia, and David Barranco-Gil. "Validity of the Favero Assioma Duo Power Pedal System for Measuring Power Output and Cadence." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072277.
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Cycling power meters enable monitoring external loads and performance changes. We aimed to determine the concurrent validity of the novel Favero Assioma Duo (FAD) pedal power meter compared with the crank-based SRM system (considered as gold standard). Thirty-three well-trained male cyclists were assessed at different power output (PO) levels (100–500 W and all-out 15-s sprints), pedaling cadences (75–100 rpm) and cycling positions (seating and standing) to compare the FAD device vs. SRM. No significant differences were found between devices for cadence nor for PO during all-out efforts (p > 0.05), although significant but small differences were found for efforts at lower PO values (p < 0.05 for 100–500 W, mean bias 3–8 W). A strong agreement was observed between both devices for mean cadence (ICC > 0.87) and PO values (ICC > 0.81) recorded in essentially all conditions and for peak cadence (ICC > 0.98) and peak PO (ICC > 0.99) during all-out efforts. The coefficient of variation for PO values was consistently lower than 3%. In conclusion, the FAD pedal-based power meter can be considered an overall valid system to record PO and cadence during cycling, although it might present a small bias compared with power meters placed on other locations such as SRM.
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Wu, Yilin, Huei-Chung Huang, and Li-Xuan Qin. "Making External Validation Valid for Molecular Classifier Development." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 5 (August 2021): 1250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.21.00103.
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PURPOSE Accurate assessment of a molecular classifier that guides patient care is of paramount importance in precision oncology. Recent years have seen an increasing use of external validation for such assessment. However, little is known about how it is affected by ubiquitous unwanted variations in test data because of disparate experimental handling and by the use of data normalization for alleviating such variations. METHODS In this paper, we studied these issues using two microarray data sets for the same set of tumor samples and additional data simulated by resampling under various levels of signal-to-noise ratio and different designs for array-to-sample allocation. RESULTS We showed that (1) unwanted variations can lead to biased classifier assessment and (2) data normalization mitigates the bias to varying extents depending on the specific method used. In particular, frozen normalization methods for test data outperform their conventional forms in terms of both reducing the bias in accuracy estimation and increasing robustness to handling effects. We make available our benchmarking tool as an R package on GitHub for performing such evaluation on additional methods for normalization and classification. CONCLUSION Our findings thus highlight the importance of proper test-data normalization for valid assessment by external validation and call for caution on the choice of normalization method for molecular classifier development.
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Sinha, Neelam, Sanju Sinha, Kuoyuan Cheng, Sanna Madan, Ayelet Erez, Bríd M. Ryan, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Kenneth Aldape, and Eytan Ruppin. "Using a Recently Approved Tumor Mutational Burden Biomarker to Stratify Patients for Immunotherapy May Introduce a Sex Bias." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 5 (July 2021): 1147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.21.00168.
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KOOTSTRA, GERRIT JAN, and WILLEMIJN J. DOEDENS. "How multiple sources of experience influence bilingual syntactic choice: Immediate and cumulative cross-language effects of structural priming, verb bias, and language dominance." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 4 (April 8, 2016): 710–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916000420.
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We investigated trial-by-trial and cumulative cross-language effects of structural priming and verb bias on L1 and L2 dative syntactic choices (e.g., ‘boy-give-ball-to-girl’ [PO structure] vs. ‘boy-give-girl-ball’ [DO structure]). Dutch-dominant Dutch–English bilinguals listened to a prime sentence with a DO or PO structure in one language and then described a picture in the other language, using verbs that varied in their bias towards the PO or DO structure in Dutch and English. We found effects of cross-language structural priming and verb bias on syntactic choice, some of which were influenced by the participants’ language dominance. In addition, we found cumulative forms of structural priming, leading to cross-language priming effects between experimental blocks. We discuss these results in terms of models on the representation of lexical and syntactic information in bilinguals, and point out how the observed effects can be related to experience-based mechanisms of language use and contact-induced language change.
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Kwon, Kyongjoon. "A bias-driven modal development of evidentiality: the Korean inferential evidential –po." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 27, no. 4 (August 20, 2018): 311–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10831-018-9184-2.
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Fiolo, Nicholas J., Hai-Ying Lu, Chia-Hsiang Chen, Philip X. Fuchs, Wei-Han Chen, and Tzyy-Yuang Shiang. "The Validity and Reliability of a Tire Pressure-Based Power Meter for Indoor Cycling." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 6117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186117.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a tire pressure sensor (TPS) cycling power meter against a gold standard (SRM) during indoor cycling. Twelve recreationally active participants completed eight trials of 90 s of cycling at different pedaling and gearing combinations on an indoor hybrid roller. Power output (PO) was simultaneously calculated via TPS and SRM. The analysis compared the paired 1 s PO and 1 min average PO per trial between devices. Agreement was assessed by correlation, linear regression, inferential statistics, effect size, and Bland–Altman LoA. Reliability was assessed by ICC and CV comparison. TPS showed near-perfect correlation with SRM in 1 s (rs = 0.97, p < 0.001) and 1-min data (rs = 0.99, p < 0.001). Differences in paired 1 s data were statistically significant (p = 0.04), but of a trivial magnitude (d = 0.05). There was no significant main effect for device (F(1,9) = 0.05, p = 0.83, ηp2 = 0.97) in 1 min data and no statistical differences between devices by trial in post hoc analysis (p < 0.01–0.98; d < 0.01–0.93). Bias and LoA were −0.21 ± 16.77 W for the 1 min data. Mean TPS bias ranged from 3.37% to 7.81% of the measured SRM mean PO per trial. Linear regression SEE was 7.55 W for 1 min TPS prediction of SRM. ICC3,1 across trials was 0.96. No statistical difference (p = 0.09–0.11) in TPS CV (3.6–5.0%) and SRM CV (4.3–4.7%). The TPS is a valid and reliable power meter for estimating average indoor PO for time periods equal to or greater than 1 min and may have acceptable sensitivity to detect changes under less stringent criteria (±5%).
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Po-Chedley, Stephen, and Qiang Fu. "Reply to “Comments on ‘A Bias in the Midtropospheric Channel Warm Target Factor on the NOAA-9 Microwave Sounding Unit’”." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 1014–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00131.1.
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Abstract The main finding by Po-Chedley and Fu was that the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) microwave sounding unit (MSU) product has a bias in its NOAA-9 midtropospheric channel (TMT) warm target factor, which leads to a cold bias in the TMT trend. This reply demonstrates that the central arguments by Christy and Spencer to challenge Po-Chedley and Fu do not stand. This reply establishes that 1) Christy and Spencer found a similar, but insignificant, bias in the UAH target factor because their radiosonde data lack adequate sampling and measurement errors were considered twice; 2) the UAH individual satellite TMT difference between NOAA-9 and NOAA-6 reveals a bias of 0.082 ± 0.011 in the UAH NOAA-9 target factor; 3) comparing the periods before and after NOAA-9 is not an adequate method to draw conclusions about NOAA-9 because of the influence of other satellites; 4) using the Christy and Spencer trend sensitivity value, UAH TMT has a cold bias of 0.035 K decade−1 given a target factor bias of 0.082; 5) similar trends from UAH and Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) for the lower tropospheric temperature product (TLT) do not indicate that the UAH TMT and TLT NOAA-9 target factor is unbiased; and 6) the NOAA-9 warm target temperature signal in UAH TMT indicates a problem with the UAH empirical algorithm to derive the target factor.
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Liškutė,, Jovita, Rasa Tamulienė, and Daiva Mačiulienė. "Pacientų emocinės ir funkcinės būklės kaita po estetinio protezavimo." Sveikatos mokslai 25, no. 6 (December 31, 2015): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2015.129.
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Šiandien vis didesnis dėmesys skiriamas ne tik ėduonies pažeistiems dantims, tačiau ir jų esteti- nei išvaizdai. Mokslinėje literatūroje akcentuojama, jog graži šypsena yra svarbi socialinė vertybė ir lemia paciento ne tik funkcinės, tačiau ir emocinės būklės pokyčius. Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti pacientų emocinės ir funkcinės būklės kaitą po estetinio protezavimo procedūros. Tyrimo dalyviai ir metodai: 48 pacientai, kuriems buvo atlikta estetinio protezavimo procedūra. Taikytas duomenų rinkimo metodas – apklausa raštu. Tyrimo rezultatai: atlikto tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad po estetinio protezavimo procedūros labiau pasikeitė pacientų emocinė nei funkcinė būklė. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad pacientai, kuriems buvo atlikta estetinio protezavimo procedūra, pradėjo la- biau pasitikėti savimi, atsirado pojūtis, jog gyvenimas yra geresnis ir pilnavertiškesnis, tyrimo dalyviai pradėjo skirti daugiau dėmesio burnos higienai. Vertinant funkcinės būklės pokyčius nustatyta, kad labiausiai pasikeitė kramtymo bei sukandimo funkcijos.
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Potocka, Małgorzata. "Problem deficit bias a skuteczność unijnych reguł fiskalnych." Ekonomia Międzynarodowa, no. 18 (June 30, 2017): 92–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2082-4440.18.03.
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Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przeanalizowanie stopnia przestrzegania przez 15 krajów UE reguł fiskalnych zawartych w pakcie stabilności i wzrostu w latach 1999–2015 i ewolucji tych reguł od początku ich sformułowania. Analiza stopnia wypełniania poszczególnych reguł prowadzi do wniosku, że na nieskuteczność reguł w eliminowaniu zjawiska deficit bias rzutują w dużej mierze ich błędy konstrukcyjne. W trakcie całego analizowanego okresu, a zwłaszcza okresu przedkryzysowego, można było stwierdzić, że limity określone przez reguły nie były przestrzegane, właściwie przez cały analizowany okres nie prowadziły do antycyklicznej polityki fiskalnej, a po kryzysie nie były wystarczająco elastyczne. Prowadzi to do konkluzji, że reguły fiskalne nie są najlepszym środkiem do walki ze zjawiskiem deficit bias w Unii Europejskiej.
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Pesona, Dyan Ayu Rasmi, and La Malihu La Malihu. "Transportasi Darat Bus Mega Mas, 1998-2017." Jurnal Pattingalloang 6, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pattingalloang.v6i3.12152.
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Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejarah perusahaan PO. Mega Mas, pembahasan meliputi latar belakang sosial ekonomi para pendiri perusahaan angkutan jasa yang di beri nama PO Mega Mas dan untuk untuk mengetahui perkembangan pelayanan serta dampak keberadaan PO. Mega Mas. Hasil penelitian menunjukka bahwa PO Mega Mas adalah perusahaan otobus yang didirikan pada tahun 1998 atas ide dan gagasan dari alm. Bapak Mapong Cewang dan istrinya. Seperti diketahui bahwa di tahun 1998-an terjadi krisis moneter di Indonesia. Krisis melanda berbagai segi kehidupan yang menyebabkan lahirnya reformasi. Hal ini menimbulkan kesulitan sosial dan ekonomi, namun PO Mega Mas masih bisa bertahan sampai sekarang tidak lepas dari kerja keras untuk terus memperbaiki dan meningkatkan pelayanan yang baik kepada pelanggang sehingga banyak pelanggang yang betah dan menjadi pelanggang tetap PO Mega Mas. karena sangat menarik bahwa di tengah krisis seperti ini PO Mega Mas bias berdiri dan bertahan hingga sekarang. Peneltian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan metode historis, melalui tahapan kerja yang meliputi: (1)heuristik, dalam tahapan ini sumber diperoleh dari hasil wawancara kepada pihak terkait dalam hal ini yaitu istri dari pendiri PO Mega Mas yang bernama Kalli, kemudan diperkuat arsip dan juga buku-buku yang diperoleh dari perpustakaan wilayah provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, dan perpustakaan Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah UNM. (2) kritik, (3)interpretasi dan (4) historiografi. Konsep ilmu sosial seperti Ekonomi, Sosiologi dan Antropologi juga digunakan untuk menganalisis masalah yang relevanKata Kunci : Sejarah, Perusahaan dan Mega Mas Abstract This study aims to determine the history of PO companies. Mega Mas, the discussion covers the socio-economic background of the founders of the transportation service company, which is named PO Mega Mas and to find out the development of services and the impact of the existence of PO. Mega Mas. The results showed that PO Mega Mas is an autobus company that was founded in 1998 on the ideas and ideas of the late. Mr. Mapong Cewang and his wife. As it is known that in the 1998s there was a monetary crisis in Indonesia. The crisis hit various aspects of life that led to the birth of reform. This has caused social and economic difficulties, but PO Mega Mas can still survive until now not out of hard work to continue to improve and improve good service to the grill so that many consumers who feel at home and become permanent consumers PO Mega Mas. because it is very interesting that in the midst of a crisis like this PO Mega Mas can stand and survive until now. This research is descriptive analysis using historical methods, through the stages of work which include: (1) heuristics, in this stage the source is obtained from interviews with related parties in this case the wife of the founder of PO Mega Mas named Kalli, then strengthened the archive and also books obtained from the regional library of South Sulawesi province, and the library of the Department of History UNM History. (2) criticism, (3) interpretation and (4) historiography. Social science concepts such as Economics, Sociology and Anthropology are also used to analyze relevant problemsKeywords: History, Company and Mega Mas
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Rahardja, Untung, Eka Purnama Harahap, and Gilang Fresandy. "Penerapan Sistem Autentikasi Sertifikat Sebagai Pengambil Keputusan Validasi Sertifikat Pada Perguruan Tinggi." Technomedia Journal 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/tmj.v2i1.312.
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Pengembangan sistem adalah suatu cara untuk memberikan inovasi terbaru pada Perguruan Tinggi dimana sistem yang dibuat harus berdasarkan apa yang dibutuhkan para Pribadi Raharja. Autentikasi sertifikat dimaksudkan untuk melengkapi dan mengoptimalkan Validasi Sertifikat pada PO Sidang, salah satunya terdapat poin Validasi Sertifikat dan Tridharma. Mahasiswa harus melakukan validasi dengan cara submit via website dan akan di review oleh admin. Dengan hadirnya autentikasi sertifikat ini admin bisa mengecek keaslian dari sertifikatnya dimanapun dan kapanpun. Dan sertifikat akan terdokumentasi dengan baik di dalam database. Jadi admin bias lebih baik lagi dalam melakukan validasi dan mengurangi potensi pemalsuan sertifikat.
System development is a way to provide the latest innovations in Higher Education where the system created must be based on what is needed by Personal Raharja. Certificate authentication for Structure and optimal Validation of Certificates on PO Session, one of the points. Certificate Validation and Tridharma. Students must validate by submitting via website and will be reviewed by admin. With the presence of this certificate authentication admin can check the authenticity of the certificate wherever and whenever. And certificates will be well documented in the database. So admin bias is better in validating and reducing the potential for certificate forgery.
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Garabano, German, Fernando Lopreite, Harold Simesen de Bielke, Agustin Oviedo, Gabriel Nazur, Gustavo Gomez Rodrigues, and Hernan Del Sel. "Predicción de aflojamiento mecánico en cotilos cementados mediante la radiografía postoperatoria inmediata." Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología 77, no. 2 (August 20, 2012): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.15417/85.
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<p><strong>Introducción: </strong>En los reemplazos totales de cadera (RTC) la durabilidad de los componentes protésicos es sin dudas uno de los principales temas de debate. En la evaluación del aflojamiento mecánico acetabular (AMA) entran en juego varios aspectos, entre ellos el cementado. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo para predecir el AMA, analizando la calidad del cementado en la radiografía (Rx) postoperatoria (PO) inmediata, comparándola con los hallazgos radiográficos a mediano y largo plazo.<strong>Materiales y método: </strong>Se analizaron 180 RTC cementadas, con un promedio de seguimiento de 7,7 años y un promedio de edad de los pacientes de 66 años. Se analizó la interfase cemento-hueso de cada cotilo, comparando la Rx PO inmediata con la del último control, estableciéndose una puntuación para las demarcaciones observadas en cada zona de De Lee Charnley, capaz de identificar y evaluar el AMA.<strong>Resultados: </strong>De los 180 RTC, 149 cotilos se consideraron bien fijados (83 %), y 31 mal fijados (17 %). El promedio de AMA radiográfico fue de 12,7 % (23 de 180 caderas). El seguimiento promedio fue de 7,7 años. En los inicialmente bien fijados, se registraron 20 casos de AMA radiográfico (11,1 %), sin necesidad de cirugía de revisión. Los cotilos mal fijados tuvieron un porcentaje de AMA clínico y radiográfico del 19,35 % (6/31). <strong>Discusión: </strong>Consideramos que una correcta técnica de cementado del cotilo disminuye la probabilidad de AMA clínico y radiográfico a largo plazo. Si bien es necesario un seguimiento a mas largo plazo y un mayor número de pacientes, creemos que la calidad de la interdigitación del cemento en el hueso en la Rx PO inmediata es predictivo de AMA futuro. <strong>Palabras claves: </strong>aflojamiento mecánico, reemplazo total de cadera, cotilo cementado, técnica de cementado, interfase cemento-hueso, predicción.</p><p> </p>
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Rodríguez-Rielves, Víctor, José Ramón Lillo-Beviá, Ángel Buendía-Romero, Alejandro Martínez-Cava, Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, and Jesús G. Pallarés. "Are the Assioma Favero Power Meter Pedals a Reliable Tool for Monitoring Cycling Power Output?" Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082789.
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This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the recently developed Assioma Favero pedals under laboratory cycling conditions. In total, 12 well-trained male cyclists and triathletes (VO2max = 65.7 ± 8.7 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed five cycling tests including graded exercises tests (GXT) at different cadences (70–100 revolutions per minute, rpm), workloads (100–650 Watts, W), pedaling positions (seated and standing), vibration stress (20–40 Hz), and an 8-s maximal sprint. Tests were completed using a calibrated direct drive indoor trainer for the standing, seated, and vibration GXTs, and a friction belt cycle ergometer for the high-workload step protocol. Power output (PO) and cadence were collected from three different brand, new pedal units against the gold-standard SRM crankset. The three units of the Assioma Favero exhibited very high within-test reliability and an extremely high agreement between 100 and 250 W, compared to the gold standard (Standard Error of Measurement, SEM from 2.3–6.4 W). Greater PO produced a significant underestimating trend (p < 0.05, Effect size, ES ≥ 0.22), with pedals showing systematically lower PO than SRM (1–3%) but producing low bias for all GXT tests and conditions (1.5–7.4 W). Furthermore, vibrations ≥ 30 Hz significantly increased the differences up to 4% (p < 0.05, ES ≥ 0.24), whereas peak and mean PO differed importantly between devices during the sprints (p < 0.03, ES ≥ 0.39). These results demonstrate that the Assioma Favero power meter pedals provide trustworthy PO readings from 100 to 650 W, in either seated or standing positions, with vibrations between 20 and 40 Hz at cadences of 70, 85, and 100 rpm, or even at a free chosen cadence.
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SINGH, RAJBIR, and K. K. RAINA. "ELECTRO-OPTICAL STUDIES IN A FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTAL MIXTURE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 19 (July 15, 2013): 1350038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213500380.
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Symmetric square and triangular wave pulses have been applied across planar cells of different thickness to a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture in the SmC* phase. Dynamic processes of molecular reorientation associated with the helix unwinding and winding by applying bias (-10V -0V - +10V) and taking micrographs simultaneously have been studied. The spontaneous polarization (PS), response time (τR) and torsional viscosity (η) have been studied as a function of temperature, sample thickness and bias voltage. PS follows the relation PS = Po(Tc - T)β. η obeys the Arrhenius relation from 35°C to 60°C with an activation energy of 0.89 eV for 5.0 μm sample thickness. The surface switching in the thin cell is more dominant due to the strong surface pinning effect.
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Malagó, Anna, Fayçal Bouraoui, Marco Pastori, and Emiliano Gelati. "Modelling Nitrate Reduction Strategies from Diffuse Sources in the Po River Basin." Water 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051030.
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Water contamination caused by the presence of excessive amounts of nitrate can be catastrophic for aquatic ecosystems and human health. Due to these high risks, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on finding effective measures to reduce nitrate concentrations in rivers and aquifers. In this study, we used the SWAT model based on grid-cells of 5 minutes of resolution for assessing the processes involved in nitrate loads generation and transport into aquifers and rivers and for providing basin management strategies of nitrate reduction. We applied the model in the Po River Basin (Italy), one of the most densely populated and highly agriculturally exploited area in the Mediterranean basin. The model was successfully calibrated and validated in eight monitoring stations along the Po River for the period 2000–2012. Simulated monthly streamflow and nitrate concentrations were in good agreement with observations, obtaining values of bias around ±25% in both calibration and validation. Among the tested scenarios of nitrogen reduction from agricultural sources, red clover cover crop after corn, coupled with a targeted reduction of mineral fertilizers and the limitation of nitrogen manure leads to a reduction of nitrate leaching and nitrogen emissions of around 37%.
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McCauley, S., P. McCloskey, C. Lyons, K. Brown, K. Rooney, and F. Houghton. "PO-105: Is there justification for age bias in HPV p16 testing for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma?" Radiotherapy and Oncology 122 (March 2017): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30239-6.
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Wedenberg, M., and I. Toma-Dasu. "PO-0860: Disregarding RBE variation in treatment plan comparisonmay lead to bias in favor of proton therapy." Radiotherapy and Oncology 111 (2014): S85—S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)30978-6.
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Barranco-Gil, David, Jaime Gil-Cabrera, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Lidia B. Alejo, Almudena Montalvo-Pérez, Eduardo Talavera, Susana Moral-González, and Alejandro Lucia. "Functional Threshold Power: Relationship With Respiratory Compensation Point and Effects of Various Warm-Up Protocols." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 1047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0402.
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Purpose: The functional threshold power (FTP), which demarcates the transition from steady state to non-steady-state oxidative metabolism, is usually determined with a 20-minute cycling time trial that follows a standard ∼45-minute warm-up. This study aimed to determine if the standard warm-up inherent to FTP determination is actually necessary and how its modification or removal affects the relationship between FTP and the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Methods: A total of 15 male cyclists (age 35 [9] y, maximum oxygen uptake 66.4 [6.8] mL·kg−1·min−1) participated in this randomized, crossover study. Participants performed a ramp test for determination of RCP and maximum oxygen uptake. During subsequent visits, they performed a 20-minute time trial preceded by the “standard” warm-up that is typically performed before an FTP test (S-WU), a 10-minute warm-up at the power output (PO) corresponding to 60% of maximum oxygen uptake (60%-WU), or no warm-up (No-WU). FTP was computed as 95% of the mean PO attained during the time trial. Results: Although the FTP was correlated with the RCP independently of the warm-up (r = .89, .93, and .86 for No-WU, 60%-WU, and S-WU, respectively; all Ps < .001), the PO at RCP was higher than the FTP in all cases (bias ± 95% limits of agreement = 57 [24], 60 [23], and 57 [32] W for No-WU, 60%-WU, and S-WU, respectively; all Ps < .001 and effect size > 1.70). Conclusions: The FTP is highly correlated with the RCP but corresponds to a significantly lower PO, being these results independent of the warm-up performed (or even with no warm-up).
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Scarborough, Matthew, Ho Kwong Li, Ines Rombach, Rhea Zambellas, A. Sarah Walker, Martin McNally, Bridget Atkins, et al. "Oral versus intravenous antibiotics for bone and joint infections: the OVIVA non-inferiority RCT." Health Technology Assessment 23, no. 38 (August 2019): 1–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta23380.
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Background Management of bone and joint infection commonly includes 4–6 weeks of intravenous (IV) antibiotics, but there is little evidence to suggest that oral (PO) therapy results in worse outcomes. Objective To determine whether or not PO antibiotics are non-inferior to IV antibiotics in treating bone and joint infection. Design Parallel-group, randomised (1 : 1), open-label, non-inferiority trial. The non-inferiority margin was 7.5%. Setting Twenty-six NHS hospitals. Participants Adults with a clinical diagnosis of bone, joint or orthopaedic metalware-associated infection who would ordinarily receive at least 6 weeks of antibiotics, and who had received ≤ 7 days of IV therapy from definitive surgery (or start of planned curative treatment in patients managed non-operatively). Interventions Participants were centrally computer-randomised to PO or IV antibiotics to complete the first 6 weeks of therapy. Follow-on PO therapy was permitted in either arm. Main outcome measure The primary outcome was the proportion of participants experiencing treatment failure within 1 year. An associated cost-effectiveness evaluation assessed health resource use and quality-of-life data. Results Out of 1054 participants (527 in each arm), end-point data were available for 1015 (96.30%) participants. Treatment failure was identified in 141 out of 1015 (13.89%) participants: 74 out of 506 (14.62%) and 67 out of 509 (13.16%) of those participants randomised to IV and PO therapy, respectively. In the intention-to-treat analysis, using multiple imputation to include all participants, the imputed risk difference between PO and IV therapy for definitive treatment failure was –1.38% (90% confidence interval –4.94% to 2.19%), thus meeting the non-inferiority criterion. A complete-case analysis, a per-protocol analysis and sensitivity analyses for missing data each confirmed this result. With the exception of IV catheter complications [49/523 (9.37%) in the IV arm vs. 5/523 (0.96%) in the PO arm)], there was no significant difference between the two arms in the incidence of serious adverse events. PO therapy was highly cost-effective, yielding a saving of £2740 per patient without any significant difference in quality-adjusted life-years between the two arms of the trial. Limitations The OVIVA (Oral Versus IntraVenous Antibiotics) trial was an open-label trial, but bias was limited by assessing all potential end points by a blinded adjudication committee. The population was heterogenous, which facilitated generalisability but limited the statistical power of subgroup analyses. Participants were only followed up for 1 year so differences in late recurrence cannot be excluded. Conclusions PO antibiotic therapy is non-inferior to IV therapy when used during the first 6 weeks in the treatment for bone and joint infection, as assessed by definitive treatment failure within 1 year of randomisation. These findings challenge the current standard of care and provide an opportunity to realise significant benefits for patients, antimicrobial stewardship and the health economy. Future work Further work is required to define the optimal total duration of therapy for bone and joint infection in the context of specific surgical interventions. Currently, wide variation in clinical practice suggests significant redundancy that likely contributes to the excess and unnecessary use of antibiotics. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN91566927. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 38. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Deschênes, Dany. "La politique étrangère des États-Unis. Fondements, acteurs, formulation." Canadian Journal of Political Science 37, no. 4 (December 2004): 1046–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423904370216.
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La politique étrangère des États-Unis. Fondements, acteurs, formulation, Charles-Philippe David, Louis Balthazar et Justin Vaïsse, Paris : Presses de sciences po, 2003, 382 p.Avec l'avènement de l'administration de George W. Bush et les suites des attentats de septembre 2001, l'étude de la politique étrangère des États-Unis, en langue française, connaît un dynamisme renouvelé. Plusieurs travaux récents, dont ceux de Jean-Yves Haine et de Sabine Lavorel respectivement sur la politique américaine face à l'Alliance atlantique et sur la formulation de la politique de sécurité nationale sous G.W. Bush, sont des exemples qui illustrent bien cette tendance.
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Diniz, Marcelo. "Um bibelot de Du Bellay." Remate de Males 34, no. 1 (April 28, 2014): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/remate.v34i1.8635840.
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L’article consiste en une brève présentation de la poésie de Joachim Du Bellay (1522 - 1560) et veut souligner son importance dans la généalogie de la poésie moderne. Il désigne ainsi surtout l’œuvre Les Regrets (1557), comme point d’appui d’une lecture qui cherche les évidences de la marque d’une conscience de soi comme auteur , marque encore la dérision de soi, d’une auto-ironie, autant de point qui dénotent la relation critique de la poésie avec la société, aussi bien que la dualité esthétique et Po-étique qui, selon Michel Deguy, signeraient les chemins de la modernité. Cet article contient encore la version en portugais de quatre sonnets des Regrets.
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Casola, Natalia. "Las bolcheviques. Izquierda partidaria y movimiento de mujeres en la Argentina reciente." Archivos de Historia del Movimiento Obrero y la Izquierda, no. 19 (September 20, 2021): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46688/ahmoi.n19.328.
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En los últimos años el interés por estudiar la historia del movimiento de mujeres y del feminismo en Argentina ha registrado un sensible crecimiento. Si bien se ha avanzado en el conocimiento sobre la experiencia de diversos colectivos, agrupamientos y demandas específicas, poco o nada se ha escrito sobre el papel de los partidos de izquierda en esos procesos, a pesar de que han estado presentes en la mayoría de las luchas. Este artículo se propone comenzar a resolver esa vacancia. Para ello propone una revisión panorámica acerca de las posiciones y formas de vinculación de cuatro partidos de izquierda (PC, PCR, MAS y PO) con el movimiento de mujeres.
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Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde Yudha. "MEMBANGUN PERADABAN BANGSA: PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI AGAMA." Dharmasmrti: Jurnal Ilmu Agama dan Kebudayaan 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/ds.v16i01.74.
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Civilization as a representation of the moral commitment of goodness to its citizens [singular and plural] is then used as a reference in the concept of living together. Meanwhile, It is also the source of appreciation, creativity, and expressing feelings. As a valuable moral commitment, it re- quires its adherents to nurture, preserve, and interpret it in the best way according to their meth- odology. The number of ways available to interpret the value have opened up the possibility of po- larization of meaning, so it may open the possibility of bias and differences in the interpretation of a value, moreover, if external factors have contributed to the polarization of how to interpret the value.
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Franc, Renata, Marina Maglić, and Tomislav Pavlović. "STEREOTIPI I OSJEĆAJI KAO PREDIKTORI NAMJERA PONAŠANJA U KONTEKSTU IZBJEGLIČKE KRIZE." Suvremena psihologija 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2019-sp-222-03.
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Cilj rada je u kontekstu izbjegličke krize provjeriti ulogu stereotipa i međugru-pnih emocija u objašnjenju iskazanih namjera međugrupnih ponašanja polazeći od proširenog Modela sadržaja stereotipa, tzv. BIAS map modela. Rad temeljimo na po-dacima prikupljenim 2016. godine online anketiranjem prigodnog uzorka hrvatskih građana (N = 468) na temu stavova o izbjeglicama. Korištenim instrumentima zahva-tili smo dvije dimenzije osobnih stereotipa o izbjeglicama: toplinu i kompetentnost, četiri međugrupne emocije: divljenje, zavist, prezir i sažaljenje, te namjere dvaju ti-pova ponašanja: aktivno pomaganje i aktivno nanošenje štete izbjeglicama. Na općoj razini rezultati upućuju na to da stereotipi i međugrupne emocije predviđaju namjere aktivnog pomaganja i aktivnog nanošenja štete izbjeglicama. Konkretno, u skladu s postavkama BIAS modela potvrđeno je da su stereotipi o toplini (u odnosu na stereo-tipe o kompetentnosti) primarni prediktori namjera i aktivnog pomaganja i nanošenja štete, a da su emocije bitni neposredni prediktori namjera te da (djelomično) posre-duju efekte stereotipa na namjere aktivnih ponašanja. Međutim, rezultati o pojedinim emocijama kao prediktorima aktivnih ponašanja i posrednicama efekata stereotipa, sukladno dijelu dosadašnjih nalaza, odstupaju od teorijskih očekivanja.
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McLaughlin, Steven A., and Patrick E. McKinney. "Antacid-Induced Hypermagnesemia in a Patient with Normal Renal Function and Bowel Obstruction." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32, no. 3 (March 1998): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.17284.
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OBJECTIVE: To report a case of severe hypermagnesemia caused by magnesium hydroxide in a woman with normal renal function. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old Hispanic woman with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder was transported from jail to the emergency department with confusion, abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. She had been treated in jail with magnesium hydroxide, ordered as milk of magnesia 30 mL po each night and Maalox 30 mL po three times daily. Additional medications included lithium carbonate 300 mg po three times daily, chlorpromazine 150 mg po three times daily, benztropine mesylate 1 mg po twice daily, and docusate sodium 100 mg po each morning. Her temperature was 35.1 °C, blood pressure 108/58 mm Hg, heart rate 112 beats/min, and respiratory rate 24 breaths/min. She would respond only briefly to voice or painful stimuli. Her abdomen was distended and diffusely tender. Laboratory tests included serum magnesium concentration 9.1 mEq/L (normal 1.3–2), blood urea nitrogen 16 mg/dL (8–22), creatinine 0.9 mg/dL (0.5–1.1), calcium 3.9 mEq/L (4.2–5.2), and lithium 1.0 mEq/L. A laparotomy was performed, and an adhesive band from a previous oophorectomy was found to be compressing the sigmoid colon. Hypermagnesemia, hypothermia, and hypotension continued in the intensive care unit. Despite successful treatment of the hypermagnesemia with calcium, intravenous fluids, and furosemide, the patient's cardiac rhythm degenerated into fatal, pulseless electrical activity on postoperative day 2. DISCUSSION: This case of severe hypermagnesemia from magnesium hydroxide ingestion illustrates many of the risk factors for hypermagnesemia in patients with normal renal function. People using magnesium-containing medications for relief of gastrointestinal distress may be at increased risk for hypermagnesemia. A brief review of magnesium physiology, clinical effects, and treatment is provided. Frequent use of the laboratory to identify hypermagnesemia is encouraged because it is often a clinically unexpected finding and responds well to early treatment. OBJETIVO: Describir el caso de hipermagnesemia severa en una mujer de 42 años con función renal normal luego de la ingestión de hidróxido de magnesio. RESUMEN DEL CASO: Una paciente de 42 años de edad con historial de esquizofrenia y desorden afectivo bipolar se presenta a sala de emergencia con confusión, dolor abdominal, vómito y estreñimiento. La paciente, que estab a encarcelada, había estado recibiendo hidróxido de magnesio ordenado como “MOM 30 mL po qhs y Maalox 30 mL po tid.” Otros medicamentos concurrentes incluían carbonato de litio 300 mg po tid, clorpromazina 150 mg po tid, mesilato de benztropina 1 mg po bid, y docusato sódico 100 mg po qam. Su temperatura al momento de la visita a sala de emergencia fue 35.1 °C, presión sanguínea 108/58 mm Hg, pulso 112/min, y frecuencia respiratoria 24/min. La paciente se despertaba sólo brevemente en respuesta a voz o dolor. Su abdomen estaba distendido y difusamente doloroso a la palpación. Los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio revelaron un magnesio sérico de 9.1 mEq/L (normal 1.3–2). BUN 16 mg/dL (8–22), creatinina 0.9 mg/dL (0.5–1.1), calci 3.9 mEq/L (4.2–5.2) y litio 1.0 mEq/L. Al realizar una laparotomía se encontró una banda adhesiva de una ooferectomía previa que estaba comprimiendo el colon sigmoide. Su estadía en la unidad de cuidado intensivo se complicó debido a hipermagnesemia, hipotermia, e hipotensión. A pesar de tratar exitosamente la hipermagnesemia con calcio, líquidos intravenosos, y furosemida al segundo día post-operatorio su ritmo cardiaco degeneró en una actividad eléctrica sin pulso fatal. DISCUSIÓN: Este caso de hipermagnesemia severa luego de ingestión de hidróxido de magnesio ilustra muchos de los riesgos de hipermagnesemia severa luego de ingestión de hidróxido de magnesio ilustra muchos de los riesgos de hipermagnesemia en pacientes con función renal normal. Pacientes que utilizan medicamentos que contienen magnesio para el alivio de problemas gastrointestinales pueden estar a mayor riesgo de hipermagnesemia. Se provee un breve repaso de la fisiología de magnesio, efectos clínicos, y el tratamiento. Se recomienda el uso frecuente de pruebas de laboratorio para identificar la hipermagnesemia debido a que frecuentemente es un hallazgo clínico inesperado y responde bien al tratamiento temprano. OBJECTIF: Décrire un cas d'hypermagnésémie sévère suite à l'ingestion d'hydroxyde de magnésium chez une femme de 42 ans ayant une fonction rénale normale. RÉSUMÉ DU CAS: Une femme de 42 ans, souffrant de schizophrénie et d'un trouble affectif bipolaire, a été amenée à l'urbence d'un hôpital et présentait de la confusion, des douleurs abdominales, des vomissements, et de la constipation. Elle a reçu, en prison, de l'hydroxyde de magnésium à raison de 30 mL 4 fois par jour. Elle recevait aussi du carbonate de lithium à raison de 300 mg 3 fois par jour, du chlorpromazine à raison de 150 mg 3 fois par jour, du mésylate de benzotropine à raison de 1 mg 2 fois par jour, et finalement du docusate de sodium 100 mg le matin. Sa température corporelle était de 35.1 °C, sa tension artérielle 108/58 mm Hg, son pouls 112 par minute et son rythme respiratoire 24 par minute. La patiente, à l'urgence, s'éveillait pour de courtes périodes à cause de la douleur ou lorsqu'on lui parlait. Son abdomen était distendu et tendre. Les tests de laboratoire ont donnée les résultats suivants: magnésémie 9.1 mEq/L (n = 1.3–2), azote uréique 16 mg/dL (8–22), créatininémie 0.9 mg/dL (0.5–1.1), calcémie 3.9 mEq/L (4.2–5.2), et lithiémie 1.0 mEq/L. Lors de la laparotomie, une bande adhésive d'une oophorectomie antérieure a été trouvée et comprimait le côlon sigmoïde. Aux soins intensifs, elle a présenté de l'hypermagnésémie, de l'hypothermie et de l'hypotension. Malgré un traitement réussi de l'hypermagnésémie avec du calcium, des liquides intraveineux et du furosémide, son rythme cardiaque a dégéneré jusqu'à l'absence d'activité électrique lors du deuxième jour post-opératoire, ce qui a causé la mort de cette femme. DISCUSSION: Ce cas d'hypermagnésémie sévère, suite à l'ingestion d'hydroxyde de magnésium, montre plusieurs des facteurs de risque d'hypermagnésémie chez des patients présentant une fonction rénale normale. Les personnes qui utilisent des médicaments contenant du magnésium pour le soulagement de troubles gastrointestinaux peuvent être plus à risque de développer de l'hypermagnésémie. Une brève revue de la physiologie du magnésium, de ses effets cliniques et du traitement est faite. L'utilisation fréquente de tests de laboratoire pour diagnostiquer l'hypermagnésémie est encouragée, car cette situation est souvent non prévue, mais répond bien au traitement.
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Mladenovic, Radivoje. "La flexion et l’analytisme des substantifs en -a dans le dialecte du village de Gatnje, situe au sud du Kosovo." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 68 (2012): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1268027m.
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Dans la presente etude, nous examinons la declinaison des substantifs feminins et masculins en-a dans le dialecte du village de Gatnje, situe au sud du Kosovo. Du fait qu?il a bien conserve la flexion des substantifs en -a, le village de Gatnje peut etre rattache au type des parlers du sud de la Metochie, du sud et centre du Kosovo, qui appartiennent a la grande aire linguistique de Prizren - Sud de la Morava. Un plus grand nombre de cas se sont conserves au singulier qu?au pluriel. Nous avons constate que la flexion est bien conservee dans un grand nombre de constructions avec des prepositions regissant le genitif au singulier, et que l?influence de l?analytisme dans ces constructions ne peut etre observe que dans un petit nombre d?exemples, a l?exception de l?instrumental. La forme du datif singulier s?est bien conservee avec la signification d?attribution, de possession et de direction. Les constructions po + locatif singulier et prema + locatif singulier se sont egalement bien conservees, et nous avons meme pu constate des constructions u + locatif singulier et na + locatif singulier dans un moindre nombre d?exemples. A part les noms de personnes comportant plus de deux syllabes - qui ont un vocatif singulier identique au nominatif - les autres substantifs ont soit la terminaison -o (sestro, duso), soit la terminaison -e pour les substantifs en -ka (Ljupke, strinke). La diversite des formes du datif pluriel des substantifs en -a (kravama, kravima, kravema, kravami) s?explique par le contact avec les formes du datif d?autres types de declinaisons.
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Choi, Woojae, Raymond Noe, and Yoonhyung Cho. "What is responsible for the psychological capital-job performance relationship? An examination of the role of informal learning and person-environment fit." Journal of Managerial Psychology 35, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-12-2018-0562.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of how psychological capital (PsyCap) influences job performance. The authors do so through adopting a moderated mediation framework. Specifically, the authors investigate the mediation role of informal learning in the PsyCap–job performance relationship and the moderating role of person–environment fit, i.e. the extent to which individual and organizational characteristics are compatible, in influencing the mediation. Design/methodology/approach The final sample consisted of 221 employees and their supervisors in South Korea. Findings The authors found that PsyCap had an indirect effect on job performance through informal learning. Moreover, the indirect effect of PsyCap on job performance through informal learning became stronger with low levels of person–organization (PO) and person–job (PJ) fit. Research limitations/implications The authors cannot completely rule out the effects of common method bias due to the cross-sectional research design. Practical implications The results reinforce the need for managers to understand employees’ level of PsyCap and take actions to enhance it because PsyCap can affect the extent to which individuals engage in informal learning, which in turn influences their job performance. Originality/value This paper adds to our understanding of the mechanisms and boundary conditions responsible for the PsyCap–job performance relationship. The authors found that informal learning operates as a mediator and both PO and PJ fit moderate the PsyCap–job performance relationship.
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Vezzoli, R., M. Del Longo, P. Mercogliano, M. Montesarchio, S. Pecora, F. Tonelli, and A. L. Zollo. "Hydrological simulations driven by RCM climate scenarios at basin scale in the Po River, Italy." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (September 16, 2014): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-128-2014.
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Abstract. River discharges are the main expression of the hydrological cycle and are the results of climate natural variability. The signal of climate changes occurrence raises the question of how it will impact on river flows and on their extreme manifestations: floods and droughts. This question can be addressed through numerical simulations spanning from the past (1971) to future (2100) under different climate change scenarios. This work addresses the capability of a modelling chain to reproduce the observed discharge of the Po River over the period 1971–2000. The modelling chain includes climate and hydrological/hydraulic models and its performance is evaluated through indices based on the flow duration curve. The climate datasets used for the 1971–2000 period are (a) a high resolution observed climate dataset, and COSMO-CLM regional climate model outputs with (b) perfect boundary condition, ERA40 Reanalysis, and (c) suboptimal boundary conditions provided by the global climate model CMCC–CM. The aim of the different simulations is to evaluate how the uncertainties introduced by the choice of the regional and/or global climate models propagate in the simulated discharges. This point is relevant to interpret the results of the simulated discharges when scenarios for the future are considered. The hydrological/hydraulic components are simulated through a physically-based distributed model (TOPKAPI) and a water balance model at the basin scale (RIBASIM). The aim of these first simulations is to quantify the uncertainties introduced by each component of the modelling chain and their propagation. Estimation of the overall uncertainty is relevant to correctly understand the future river flow regimes. The results show how bias correction algorithms can help in reducing the overall uncertainty associated to the different stages of the modelling chain.
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FÖRSTER, A., A. GUDERIAN, K. P. ZEYER, G. DECHERT, and F. W. SCHNEIDER. "STOCHASTIC RESONANCE AND TIME ADVANCE CODING IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS." International Journal of Neural Systems 07, no. 04 (September 1996): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012906579600035x.
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Stochastic Resonance (SR) is a phenomenon wich may be found in nonlinear systems close to an excitation threshold. SR is a means for enhancing a weak periodic subthreshold signal from its noisy background by adding stochastic fluctuations, i.e. in biological and physical systems. It has been proposed that SR is important for the ability of neural systems to detect weak periodic signals. In the present work we show experimentally that SR occurs in two nonlinear chemical reactions, namely in the enzymatic Peroxidase-Oxidase (PO) reaction and in the Belousov–Zhabotinskii (BZ) reaction. A small sinusoidal signal with increasing noise is imposed on the focal steady state near a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. When the threshold is crossed beyond a certain noise amplitude, the system responds with spikes. The resulting interspike histogram and the plot of the signal to noise ratio, which is evaluated from the respective Fourier spectra, pass through a maximum at an optimal external noise level. An alternative way to cross the excitation threshold without noise is the variation of the bias value of the sinusoidal signal. The variation of the bias value causes the spikes to appear earlier if the sinusoidal function is moved closer towards the threshold. This so-called time advance coding is shown experimentally for the first time in the BZ reaction by imposing sinusoidal flow rate variations using different bias values. The phenomenon has been proposed by Hopfield11 to be a means for analog pattern recognition.
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Schlamberger Brezar, Mojca. "La phrase emhatique et ses équivalents en Slovene." Journal for Foreign Languages 7, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.7.155-165.
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L'importance de bonnes connaissances en grammaire française dans l’enseignement universitaire avait depuis toujours une position centrale dans le cadre du Département des langues et littératures romanes de la Faculté de Lettres de l’Université de Ljubljana1. L’enseignement de la grammaire procédait par la morphologie verbale et non-verbale et aboutissait à la syntaxe comme le point culminant. La syntaxe du français, enseignée par Mme Elza Jereb, était centrée surtout sur l’usage contemporain du français, prenant en compte aussi bien le français standard que les expressions plus familières. Sa grammaire Francoska slovnica po naše (Jereb 1995) est une grammaire du français langue étrangère qui se veut pédagogique à l'instar des grammaires pédagogiques françaises, parues dans la même époque. Nous pouvons souligner ici la différence entre une grammaires de référence ou descriptives, qui englobe le savoir sur une langue, et les grammaires d’apprentissage ou pédagogiques, qui se veulent utiles pour l’apprenant d’une langue étrangère.
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Diémoz, Henri, Gian Paolo Gobbi, Tiziana Magri, Giordano Pession, Sara Pittavino, Ivan K. F. Tombolato, Monica Campanelli, and Francesca Barnaba. "Transport of Po Valley aerosol pollution to the northwestern Alps – Part 2: Long-term impact on air quality." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 15 (August 12, 2019): 10129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10129-2019.
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Abstract. This work evaluates the impact of trans-regional aerosol transport from the Po basin on particulate matter levels (PM10) and physico-chemical characteristics in the northwestern Alps. To this purpose, we exploited a multi-sensor, multi-platform database over a 3-year period (2015–2017) accompanied by a series of numerical simulations. The experimental setup included operational (24/7) vertically resolved aerosol profiles by an automated lidar ceilometer (ALC), vertically integrated aerosol properties by a Sun/sky photometer, and surface measurements of aerosol mass concentration, size distribution and chemical composition. This experimental set of observations was then complemented by modelling tools, including numerical weather prediction (NWP), trajectory statistical (TSM) and chemical transport (CTM) models, plus positive matrix factorisation (PMF) on both the PM10 chemical speciation analyses and particle size distributions. In a first companion study, we showed and discussed through detailed case studies the 4-D phenomenology of recurrent episodes of aerosol transport from the polluted Po basin to the northwestern Italian Alps. Here we draw more general and statistically significant conclusions on the frequency of occurrence of this phenomenon, and on the quantitative impact of this regular, wind-driven, aerosol-rich “atmospheric tide” on PM10 air-quality levels in this alpine environment. Based on an original ALC-derived classification, we found that an advected aerosol layer is observed at the receptor site (Aosta) in 93 % of days characterized by easterly winds (i.e. from the Po basin) and that the longer the time spent by air masses over the Po plain the higher this probability. Frequency of these advected aerosol layers was found to be rather stable over the seasons with about 50 % of the days affected. Duration of these advection events ranges from few hours up to several days, while aerosol layer thickness ranges from 500 up to 4000 m. Our results confirm this phenomenon to be related to non-local emissions, to act at the regional scale and to largely impact both surface levels and column-integrated aerosol properties. In Aosta, PM10 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) values increase respectively up to factors of 3.5 and 4 in dates under the Po Valley influence. Pollution transport events were also shown to modify the mean chemical composition and typical size of particles in the target region. In fact, increase in secondary species, and mainly nitrate- and sulfate-rich components, were found to be effective proxies of the advections, with the transported aerosol responsible for at least 25 % of the PM10 measured in the urban site of Aosta, and adding up to over 50 µg m−3 during specific episodes, thus exceeding alone the EU established daily limit. From a modelling point of view, our CTM simulations performed over a full year showed that the model is able to reproduce the phenomenon, but markedly underestimates its impact on PM10 levels. As a sensitivity test, we employed the ALC-derived identification of aerosol advections to re-weight the emissions from outside the boundaries of the regional domain in order to match the observed PM10 field. This simplified exercise indicated that an increase in such “external” emissions by a factor of 4 in the model is needed to halve the model PM10 maximum deviations and to significantly reduce the PM10 normalised mean bias forecasts error (from −35 % to 5 %).
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Domínguez Olabide, Peru. "Pobrezia Energetikoa: Fenomenoaren hurbilketa kontzeptuala, Ekonomia Sozial eta Solidarioarekiko loturak." Gizarte Ekonomiaren Euskal Aldizkaria - Revista Vasca de Economía Social, no. 15 (February 1, 2019): 213–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/reves.20521.
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Lan honek, inguru akademiko, mugimendu sozial, eta orokorrean, mendebaldeko gizartearen imaginario kolektiboan gero eta presentzia handiagoa lortu duen po-brezia energetikoaren gaiari hurbilketa bat egitea izan du helburu. Analisi honek, bi atal bereizi aurkezten ditu. Lehenengoan, fenomenoaren hurbilketa kontzeptual bat eginez, pobrezia energetikoaren literaturaren baitan aurkitu litezkeen bi joera teoriko nagusiak aurkezten dira, «ikuspegi dikotomikoa» eta «energia zerbitzuen ikuspegia» hurrenez hurren. Horrekin batera, kontzeptualizazio ariketa aberasteko asmoz, pobrezia energetiko eta pobrezia orokorraren arteko erlazioa aztertu da. Biak era bateratuan edo era bereizian aztertzearen egokitasuna, erabiltzen den pobrezia definizioaren araberakoa dela ondorioztatuz. Bigarren atalean, bestalde, pobrezia energetikoaren eta Ekonomia Sozial eta Solidarioaren artean egon dai-tezkeen lotura edota bidegurutze posibleak aztertu dira. Bi elkargune nagusi identifikatu dira ahalegin honetan. Lehena, Ekonomia Sozial eta Solidarioko erakun-deek energia pobreziaren ondorioak ikustarazteko izango luketen gaitasuna liteke. Bigarrena, erakunde beretsuek gabezia energetikoko egoerak ekiditeko neurri, estrategia eta ekintzak aurrera eramateko gaitasuna liteke. Azken honen baitan, hiru fronte nagusitan paper garrantzitsua lukete erakunde hauek, hala nola, identifikazioan, energia horniketan eta interbentzioan.
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Patoulias, David, Christos Fountoukis, Ilona Riipinen, Ari Asmi, Markku Kulmala, and Spyros N. Pandis. "Simulation of the size-composition distribution of atmospheric nanoparticles over Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 18 (September 27, 2018): 13639–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13639-2018.
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Abstract. PMCAMx-UF, a three-dimensional chemical transport model focusing on the simulation of the ultrafine particle size distribution and composition has been extended with the addition of the volatility basis set (VBS) approach for the simulation of organic aerosol (OA). The model was applied in Europe to quantify the effect of secondary semi-volatile organic vapors on particle number concentrations. The model predictions were evaluated against field observations collected during the PEGASOS 2012 campaign. The measurements included both ground and airborne measurements, from stations across Europe and a zeppelin measuring above Po Valley. The ground level concentrations of particles with a diameter larger than 100 nm (N100) were reproduced with a daily normalized mean error of 40 % and a daily normalized mean bias of −20 %. PMCAMx-UF tended to overestimate the concentration of particles with a diameter larger than 10 nm (N10) with a daily normalized mean bias of 75 %. The model was able to reproduce, within a factor of 2, 85 % of the N10 and 75 % of the N100 zeppelin measurements above ground. The condensation of organics led to an increase (50 %–120 %) in the N100 concentration mainly in central and northern Europe, while the N10 concentration decreased by 10 %–30 %. Including the VBS in PMCAMx-UF improved its ability to simulate aerosol number concentration compared to simulations neglecting organic condensation on ultrafine particles.
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Christy, John R., and Roy W. Spencer. "Comments on “A Bias in the Midtropospheric Channel Warm Target Factor on the NOAA-9 Microwave Sounding Unit”." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 1006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00107.1.
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Abstract Po-Chedley and Fu investigated the difference in the magnitude of global temperature trends generated from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) for the midtroposphere (TMT, surface to about 75 hPa) between the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) and Remote Sensing Systems (RSS). Their approach was to examine the magnitude of a noise-reduction coefficient of one short-lived satellite, NOAA-9, which differed from UAH and RSS. Using radiosonde comparisons over a 2-yr period, they calculated an adjustment to the UAH coefficient that, when applied to the UAH data, increased the UAH global TMT trend for 1979–2009 by +0.042 K decade−1, which then happens to agree with RSS’s TMT trend. In studying their analysis, the authors demonstrate 1) the adjustment calculated using radiosondes is inconclusive when errors are accounted for; 2) the adjustment was applied in a manner inconsistent with the UAH satellite merging strategy, creating a larger change than would be generated had the actual UAH methodology been followed; and 3) that trends of a similar product that uses the same UAH coefficient are essentially identical to UAH and RSS. Based on the authors’ previous analysis and additional work here, UAH will continue using the NOAA-9 noise-reduction coefficient, as is, for version 5.4 and the follow-on version 5.5.
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Jezierska, Beata. "La valeur sémantique ajoutée et perdue dans la traduction en italien du drame polonais Przed sklepem jubilera de Karol Wojtyła." Roczniki Humanistyczne 68, no. 8 (December 23, 2020): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.20688-6.
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Wartość semantyczna dodana i utracona we włoskim tłumaczeniu polskiego dramatu Przed sklepem jubilera Karola Wojtyły
Celem artykułu jest opisanie zjawiska wartości dodanej i utraconej na poziomie leksykalnym i semantycznym w tłumaczeniu literackim. Podstawę badania stanowi analiza tekstu równoległego polsko-włoskiego obejmującego dramat Przed sklepem jubilera Karola Wojtyły. Porównanie tekstu polskiego oryginału z jego włoskim tłumaczeniem pozwoliło na wyróżnienie pewnych utraconych na poziomie leksykalnym odcieni semantycznych, natomiast działanie odwrotne (porównanie tekstu docelowego po włosku z tekstem wyjściowym po polsku) wykazało obecność wielu elementów leksykalnych „dodanych” w tekście finalnym – mowa szczególnie o kombinacjach wielowyrazowych o różnym stopniu idiomatyczności, to znaczy o związkach frazeologicznych. Zarówno ślady strat semantycznych, jak i wszelkie elementy dodane wskazują jasno na kreatywną rolę tłumacza literackiego, który w ten sposób staje się „drugim autorem” tekstu.
La valeur sémantique ajoutée et perdue dans la traduction en italien du drame polonais Przed sklepem jubilera de Karol Wojtyła
L’objectif de l’article consiste à décrire un phénomène de valeur ajoutée et perdue au niveau lexical et sémantique dans la traduction littéraire. L’étude est basée sur l’analyse du texte parallèle polonais-italien du drame Przed sklepem jubilera de Karol Wojtyła. La comparaison du texte original polonais avec sa traduction italienne a permis de distinguer des nuances sémantiques perdues au niveau lexical de la traduction. En revanche, le résultat de l’opération inverse (comparaison du texte d’arrivée en italien avec le texte de départ en polonais) prouve la présence de nombreux éléments lexicaux « ajoutés » dans le texte cible. Ce sont surtout des combinaisons d’un certain degré du figement, autrement dit, des unités phraséologiques. Des traces de pertes sémantiques aussi bien que des éléments ajoutés indiquent clairement un rôle créatif du traducteur littéraire qui devient ainsi le « deuxième auteur » d’un texte.
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Wołowska, Katarzyna. "Perturbation du cadre temporel et participatif de l’interaction sur les forums de discussion en ligne." Roczniki Humanistyczne 68, no. 5 (August 12, 2020): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh20685-13.
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Zaburzenie czasowych i aktancyjnych parametrów interakcji słownej na forach dyskusyjnych w InternecieCelem niniejszego artykułu jest opisanie kilku zaburzeń tradycyjnego modelu interakcji słownej w dyskusjach prowadzonych na forach internetowych. Analiza skupia się na opisie przypadków wątków dyskusyjnych prowadzonych na forach francuskojęzycznych, gdzie raz zakończona interakcja zostaje wznowiona i kontynuowana po dłuższym czasie (niekiedy po kilku miesiącach lub latach). Podjęcie dyskusji jest możliwe dzięki temu, że wątek jest bezterminowo otwarty, co pozwala na nawiązanie do dowolnej wypowiedzi w dowolnej chwili. Z punktu widzenia teoretycznego wpływa to na podstawowe parametry tradycyjnie rozumianej interakcji słownej, mianowicie na jej ramy czasowe (rozszerzenie czasu trwania dyskusji), strukturę (brak formuł zamykających dyskusję), a także na konfigurację aktancyjną uczestników dyskusji. Praktyka ta, choć niespotykana w interakcji bezpośredniej (face-to-face), jest całkowicie naturalna i często używana w dyskusjach na forach internetowych.
Perturbation du cadre temporel et participatif de l’interaction sur les forums de discussion en ligneL’article a pour but de décrire quelques perturbations du modèle traditionnel de l’interaction verbale dans le contexte des forum de discussion en ligne. L’analyse concerne les topics relevés sur des forums français, où l’interaction, une fois terminée, est reprise et poursuivie après une longue période (parfois après plusieurs mois ou années). Ce relancement est possible puisque le topic est ouvert indéfiniment, ce qui permet de se référer à n’importe quel post et à tout moment. Du point de vue théorique, cela affecte les paramètres de base de l’interaction traditionnellement comprise : son cadre temporel (extension de la durée de la discussion), sa structure (manque de formules de clôture) et sa configuration actantielle. Cette pratique, bien qu’évitable dans les interactions face-to-face, est naturelle et fréquente dans les discussions sur les forums en ligne.
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Alezrah, C., M. Fraigneau, Y. Verger, C. Palix, and C. Girod. "Une expérience d’équipe mobile en psychiatrie générale." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.222.
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L’Équipe Mobile d’Argelès Psychiatrique (EMAP) a vu le jour le 1er septembre 2011. Elle a été financée dans un cadre expérimental, par l’Agence Régionale de Santé du Languedoc-Roussillon. Le projet s’inscrivait dans les travaux du Conseil Local de Santé Mentale (CLSM) d’Argelès-sur-Mer (66700). Il faisait suite à plusieurs constats. Pour de multiples raisons, et notamment du fait de l’augmentation considérable des soins ambulatoires, le nombre des visites à domicile a régulièrement diminué ces dernières années et s’est progressivement recentré sur le suivi de patients connus. D’autre part, il existe un nombre d’hospitalisation d’office historiquement bien plus élevé dans les Pyrénées Orientales que la moyenne nationale (88 hospitalisations d’office pour 100 000 habitants âgés de 20 ans et plus dans les PO contre 25 pour 100 000 habitants au niveau national en 2007. Ce nombre était de 83 pour notre secteur géographique). Les représentants des usagers et des familles étaient très en demande d’interventions rapides dans la communauté. Cette attente faisait écho à celle d’un grand nombre des partenaires du réseau sanitaire (médecins généralistes) mais également social ou médicosocial pour évaluer certaines situations orientées par défaut vers le service des urgences psychiatriques au centre hospitalier de Perpignan. Malgré les efforts de communication et d’information entrepris de longue date, il était noté, dans la pratique quotidienne, l’insuffisance des liens avec les services municipaux, la police, la gendarmerie, les pompiers et parfois les services sociaux pour prévenir les situations de crise. Enfin, l’existence d’une Équipe Mobile Psychiatrie Précarité rattachée au service depuis une quinzaine d’années permettait de s’appuyer sur une expérience déjà solide. Par opposition à notre EMPP qui est intersectorielle, l’EMAP s’est inscrite d’emblée dans une dimension sectorielle, rattachée à part entière à un CMP desservant un territoire de 40 000 habitants. Il s’agit d’une équipe rapidement mobilisable, à la demande des patients, des familles ou des différents partenaires du champ médical, social et judiciaire pour anticiper et évaluer les situations de crise de nature psychiatrique. Au-delà de l’évaluation, elle organise, si besoin, les soins de la manière la plus adaptée. Cette équipe spécialisée, pluridisciplinaire, va :– développer les relations de réseau entre des acteurs pouvant recevoir les mêmes publics mais se connaissant peu ;– intervenir sur signalement pour évaluer les situations de crise susceptibles de relever de réponses psychiatriques ou, ce qui est préférable, pouvant les anticiper.L’expérience des deux premières années de fonctionnement permet de retenir un bilan intéressant, notamment la diminution très sensible des hospitalisations en SDRE sur l’aire géographique desservie et une complémentarité naturelle avec l’activité de CMP classique. Ce bilan sera détaillé dans cette publication.
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HALBOOS, Mohanad Hazim, Bayan Jabr HUSSEIN, and Aayad Ammar SAYHOOD. "PREPARATION OF A NEW AZO COMPOUND (HAZM) USED FOR ANALYTICAL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE IN BLOOD AND SALIVA." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 35 (July 20, 2020): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.48_halboos_pgs_569_578.pdf.
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Because health resources are limited, low-income conditions demand affordable technological development. The design and analysis is a low-cost colorimetric method for non-invasive diabetic diagnostic monitoring by glucose detection of the saliva and blood discussed, where a new compound (HAZM) was prepared through a reaction 4-aminoantipyrine with 1-phenyl-2-methyl-5-pyrazolon; FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR diagnosed for this synthetic compound. Samples have been processed and analyzed using the production equipment using glucose oxidase (GO) and peroxidase (PO) enzymes reaction with (HAZM); give the method the ability to calculate glucose level in less than 15 seconds accurately. The slope of the calibration curve is equal to 0.0026, ε = 468.26, and Sandel sensitive equals 0.384 mg/dL, to quantify the glucose salivary concentrations and blood (5-500 mg/dL) at 423 nm. Achieve a detection limit of 0.421 mg/dL where 5 % CV to (n = 3). Because HAZM tests performed according to a kit method, which reflects the mean kit values (101.35 ± 3.647 mg/dL) and the results of HAZM (104.41 ± 4.951 mg/dL) with 3.1 mg/dL positive bias in blood. Comparing the mean kit and HAZM glucose levels in saliva, 99.48 ± 1.26, and 100.97 ± 2.38 mg/dL, respectively, shows 1.5 mg/dL positive bias for the kit process. Results from the use of this method for measuring glucose in blood and saliva samples indicate that it is effective, as it offers accurate, and its cheap results compared to other commercial techniques.
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Drugé, Thomas, Pierre Nabat, Marc Mallet, and Samuel Somot. "Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979–2016." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 3707–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3707-2019.
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Abstract. Aerosols play an important role in Europe and the Mediterranean area where different sources of natural and anthropogenic particles are present. Among them ammonium and nitrate (A&N) aerosols may have a growing impact on regional climate. In this study, their representation in coarse and fine modes has been introduced in the prognostic aerosol scheme of the ALADIN-Climate regional model. This new aerosol scheme is evaluated over Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, using two twin simulations over the period 1979–2016 with and without A&N aerosols. This evaluation is performed at local and regional scales, using surface stations and satellite measurements. Despite an overestimate of the surface nitrate concentration, the model is able to reproduce its spatial pattern including local maxima (Benelux, Po Valley). Concerning the simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD), the inclusion of A&N aerosols significantly reduces the model bias compared to both AERONET stations and satellite data. Our results indicate that A&N aerosols can contribute up to 40 % of the total AOD550 over Europe, with an average of 0.07 (550 nm) over the period 2001–2016. Sensitivity studies suggest that biases still present are related to uncertainties associated with the annual cycle of A&N aerosol precursors (ammonia and nitric acid). The decrease in sulfate aerosol production over Europe since 1980 produces more free ammonia in the atmosphere leading to an increase in A&N concentrations over the studied period. Analyses of the different aerosol trends have shown for the first time to our knowledge that, since 2005 over Europe, A&N AOD550 and A&N shortwave (SW) direct radiative forcing (DRF) are found to be higher than sulfate and organics, making these the species with the highest AOD and the highest DRF. On average over the period 1979–2016, the A&N DRF is found to be about −1.7 W m−2 at the surface and −1.4 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) in all sky conditions over Europe, with regional maxima located at the surface over the Po Valley (−5 W m−2). Finally, the dimming effect of A&N aerosols is responsible for a cooling of about −0.2∘ C over Europe (summer), with a maximum of −0.4 ∘C over the Po Valley. Concerning precipitation, no significant impact of A&N aerosols has been found.
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Tekavčić, Pavao. "Vocabularul reprezentativ al limbilor romanice, de Mihaela Bîrladeanu, M. Iliescu, Liliana Macarie, Ioana Nichita, Maria na Ploae-Hanganu, Marius Sala, Maria Theban, Joana Vintilă-Radulescu; coordonator: Marius Sala; Universitatea Bucureşti,, Institutul d." Linguistica 29, no. 1 (December 1, 1989): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.29.1.179-185.
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L'étude statistique des langues, surtout celle du lexique, a une longue tradition et compte un nombre important d'ouvrages. Tout récemment, un groupe de linguistes de l'lnstitut de Linguistique de l'Université de Bucarest nous a donné un ouvrage consacré à cette discipline mais, d'après les mots mêmes de ses auteurs, conçu comme devant être différent de tous les précédents. Son but est de donner un lexique des langues romanes, défini comme représentatif (pour cette notion voir p. 578), basé sur des critères identiques po ur tous les idiomes examinés (pp. 11-12) et strictement synchroniques (p. 12). Il s'agit d'une sélection d'un certain nombre de mots considérés représentatifs, et de critères destinés à réduire le plus possible le moment subjectif (p. 578). Les idiomes examinés sont le roumain, l'italien, le sarde, les dialectes rhéto-romans (appelés de ce terme dans tout l'ouvrage), le français, l'occitan, le catalán, l'espagnol et le portugais. Les unités lexicales sélectionnées vont de 2300 à 2600 (p. 15). Tout en étant bien entendu conscients des limites de la méthode statistique (p. 13), les auteurs déclarent en toute honnêteté préférer le risque de présenter une oeuvre peut-être imparfaite plutôt que renoncer au travail (p. 16).
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Tarrío, P., and S. Zarattini. "Photometric redshifts for the Pan-STARRS1 survey." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038415.
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We present a robust approach to estimating the redshift of galaxies using Pan-STARRS1 photometric data. Our approach is an application of the algorithm proposed for the SDSS Data Release 12. It uses a training set of 2 313 724 galaxies for which the spectroscopic redshift is obtained from SDSS, and magnitudes and colours are obtained from the Pan-STARRS1 Data Release 2 survey. The photometric redshift of a galaxy is then estimated by means of a local linear regression in a 5D magnitude and colour space. Our approach achieves an average bias of Δ̅z̅n̅o̅r̅m̅ = −1.92 × 10−4, a standard deviation of σ(Δznorm) = 0.0299, and an outlier rate of Po = 4.30% when cross-validating the training set. Even though the relation between each of the Pan-STARRS1 colours and the spectroscopic redshifts is noisier than for SDSS colours, the results obtained by our approach are very close to those yielded by SDSS data. The proposed approach has the additional advantage of allowing the estimation of photometric redshifts on a larger portion of the sky (∼3/4 vs ∼1/3). The training set and the code implementing this approach are publicly available at the project website.
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Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey, Isabelle Pison, Grégoire Broquet, Gaëlle Dufour, Antoine Berchet, Elise Potier, Adriana Coman, Guillaume Siour, and Lorenzo Costantino. "Variational regional inverse modeling of reactive species emissions with PYVAR-CHIMERE-v2019." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 2939–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2939-2021.
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Abstract. Up-to-date and accurate emission inventories for air pollutants are essential for understanding their role in the formation of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter at various temporal scales, for anticipating pollution peaks and for identifying the key drivers that could help mitigate their concentrations. This paper describes the Bayesian variational inverse system PYVAR-CHIMERE, which is now adapted to the inversion of reactive species. Complementarily with bottom-up inventories, this system aims at updating and improving the knowledge on the high spatiotemporal variability of emissions of air pollutants and their precursors. The system is designed to use any type of observations, such as satellite observations or surface station measurements. The potential of PYVAR-CHIMERE is illustrated with inversions of both carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in Europe, using the MOPITT and OMI satellite observations, respectively. In these cases, local increments on CO emissions can reach more than +50 %, with increases located mainly over central and eastern Europe, except in the south of Poland, and decreases located over Spain and Portugal. The illustrative cases for NOx emissions also lead to large local increments (> 50 %), for example over industrial areas (e.g., over the Po Valley) and over the Netherlands. The good behavior of the inversion is shown through statistics on the concentrations: the mean bias, RMSE, standard deviation, and correlation between the simulated and observed concentrations. For CO, the mean bias is reduced by about 27 % when using the posterior emissions, the RMSE and the standard deviation are reduced by about 50 %, and the correlation is strongly improved (0.74 when using the posterior emissions against 0.02); for NOx, the mean bias is reduced by about 24 % and the RMSE and the standard deviation are reduced by about 7 %, but the correlation is not improved. We reported strong non-linear relationships between NOx emissions and satellite NO2 columns, now requiring a fully comprehensive scientific study.
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Traore, Karim, Drissy Coulibaly, Abdoulaye K. Kone, Ali Thera, Boureima Guindo, Bourama M. Tangara, Aichatou A. Diawara, Ogobara K. Doumbo, and Mahamadou A. Thera. "PO 8594 VALIDATION OF A VERBAL AUTOPSY QUESTIONNAIRE APPLIED TO A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF CEREBRAL MALARIA IN BANDIAGARA AND BAMAKO, MALI." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A60.2—A60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.158.
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BackgroundMalaria remains a leading cause of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Severe malaria is the main pathway to death caused by malaria. A study of factors associated with protection against severe malaria is best achieved using a case-control design. However, these studies are affected by the quality and appropriateness of the choice of controls that may introduce important bias in study design and definitively alter the conclusions from the studies. It is of paramount importance that the presence or absence of an episode of severe malaria in the history of the controls is ascertained. In settings with reliable medical data this is easily tracked back from hospital records. In settings like Bandiagara, with weak health care systems, a dedicated approach is needed to track history of severe malaria. We used an adapted verbal autopsy questionnaire to identify presence of cerebral malaria in the history of controls in a case-control study of severe malaria in Bandiagara.We have assessed the sensitivity, specificity and predictive positive and negative values of the questionnaire.MethodsFrom January through August 2018 we enrolled 450 children with or without known confirmed cerebral malaria selected at health care centers in Bandiagara and Bamako, with archived medical records. Parents of enrolled children were identified, located and interviewed using the adapted verbal autopsy questionnaire. Interviewers were not aware of children’s diagnosis. We compared the diagnosis derived from the verbal autopsy questionnaire to the confirmed biological diagnosis from the medical records.ResultsWe will present full results on the sensitivity, specificity, the predictive positive and negative values of the verbal questionnaire, and the Kappa coefficient of agreement.ConclusionA good verbal questionnaire will enhance the quality of the choice of controls in case-control studies of severe malaria and overall will improve the quality and relevance of inferences from such studies.
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Diaz-Bone, Roland A., and Tom Van de Wiele. "Biotransformation of metal(loid)s by intestinal microorganisms." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 2 (January 25, 2010): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-06-08.
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Many metals and metalloids undergo complex biotransformation processes by micro-organisms in the environment, namely, Ge, As, Se, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, and Po. Though the human intestine harbors a highly diverse and metabolically active micro-bial community, the knowledge on metal(loid) biotransformation by gut microbiota is limited. Microbial metal(loid) metabolism in the gut is highly relevant when assessing health risks from oral exposure, as both the bioavailability and the toxicity of the ingested compound can be modulated. This review gathers and compares a broad selection of scientific studies on the intestinal biotransformation of metal(loid)s. It can be inferred that metal(loid) biotransformation by intestinal microbiota is a common process, resulting in both beneficial and adverse toxicological effects. Whereas for Hg the intestinal demethylation of methylmercury results in enhanced elimination, highly bioavailable and toxic arsenic and Bi species are formed by intestinal microorganisms. In either case, we conclude that the gut microbial potency should be considered to be taken up in toxicokinetic studies and models for assessing the health risks of oral metal(loid) exposure. This will allow the relevance of intestinal metal(loid) biotransformation to be assessed for human health risks. Keywords: colon microflora; biomethylation; metals; metalloids; risk assessment; speciation; thiolation; volatilization.
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Eston, Roger G., Gaynor Parfitt, Laura Campbell, and Kevin L. Lamb. "Reliability of Effort Perception for Regulating Exercise Intensity in Children Using the Cart and Load Effort Rating (CALER) Scale." Pediatric Exercise Science 12, no. 4 (November 2000): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.12.4.388.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to assess whether young children could reliability regulate exercise intensity production after several practice trials, without reference to objective feedback measures. The study used a new 10-point scale (Cart and Load Effort Rating [CALER] Scale), which depicts a child on a bicycle, at various stages of exertion, towing a cart in which the load increases progressively. After warm-up, 20 children, aged 7–10 years, performed an intermittent, effort production protocol at CALER 2, 5, and 8 on a cycle ergometer. This was repeated on three further occasions in the next 4 weeks. An increase in PO across trials (44, 65, and 79 W at CALER 2, 5, and 8, respectively) confirmed that the children understood the scale. A Bland and Altman limits of agreement (LoA) analysis and an intraclass correlation analysis (ICC) between trials (T) indicated that reliability improved with practice. Intertrial comparisons of overall reliability from T1 to T2 and from T3 to T4 ranged from 0.76 to 0.97 and an improvement in the overall bias ± 95% limits of agreement from −12 ± 19 W to 0 ± 10 W. This study is the first to apply more than two repeated effort production trials in young children and provides strong evidence that practice improves the reliability of effort perception in children. The data also provide preliminary evidence for the validity of the CALER Scale in children aged 7–10 years.
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Ferrero, Luca, Asta Gregorič, Griša Močnik, Martin Rigler, Sergio Cogliati, Francesca Barnaba, Luca Di Liberto, Gian Paolo Gobbi, Niccolò Losi, and Ezio Bolzacchini. "The impact of cloudiness and cloud type on the atmospheric heating rate of black and brown carbon in the Po Valley." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 6 (March 29, 2021): 4869–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4869-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We experimentally quantified the impact of cloud fraction and cloud type on the heating rate (HR) of black and brown carbon (HRBC and HRBrC). In particular, we examined in more detail the cloud effect on the HR detected in a previous study (Ferrero et al., 2018). High-time-resolution measurements of the aerosol absorption coefficient at multiple wavelengths were coupled with spectral measurements of the direct, diffuse and surface reflected irradiance and with lidar–ceilometer data during a field campaign in Milan, Po Valley (Italy). The experimental set-up allowed for a direct determination of the total HR (and its speciation: HRBC and HRBrC) in all-sky conditions (from clear-sky conditions to cloudy). The highest total HR values were found in the middle of winter (1.43 ± 0.05 K d−1), and the lowest were in spring (0.54 ± 0.02 K d−1). Overall, the HRBrC accounted for 13.7 ± 0.2 % of the total HR, with the BrC being characterized by an absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of 3.49 ± 0.01. To investigate the role of clouds, sky conditions were classified in terms of cloudiness (fraction of the sky covered by clouds: oktas) and cloud type (stratus, St; cumulus, Cu; stratocumulus, Sc; altostratus, As; altocumulus, Ac; cirrus, Ci; and cirrocumulus–cirrostratus, Cc–Cs). During the campaign, clear-sky conditions were present 23 % of the time, with the remaining time (77 %) being characterized by cloudy conditions. The average cloudiness was 3.58 ± 0.04 oktas (highest in February at 4.56 ± 0.07 oktas and lowest in November at 2.91 ± 0.06 oktas). St clouds were mostly responsible for overcast conditions (7–8 oktas, frequency of 87 % and 96 %); Sc clouds dominated the intermediate cloudiness conditions (5–6 oktas, frequency of 47 % and 66 %); and the transition from Cc–Cs to Sc determined moderate cloudiness (3–4 oktas); finally, low cloudiness (1–2 oktas) was mostly dominated by Ci and Cu (frequency of 59 % and 40 %, respectively). HR measurements showed a constant decrease with increasing cloudiness of the atmosphere, enabling us to quantify for the first time the bias (in %) of the aerosol HR introduced by the simplified assumption of clear-sky conditions in radiative-transfer model calculations. Our results showed that the HR of light-absorbing aerosol was ∼ 20 %–30 % lower in low cloudiness (1–2 oktas) and up to 80 % lower in completely overcast conditions (i.e. 7–8 oktas) compared to clear-sky ones. This means that, in the simplified assumption of clear-sky conditions, the HR of light-absorbing aerosol can be largely overestimated (by 50 % in low cloudiness, 1–2 oktas, and up to 500 % in completely overcast conditions, 7–8 oktas). The impact of different cloud types on the HR was also investigated. Cirrus clouds were found to have a modest impact, decreasing the HRBC and HRBrC by −5 % at most. Cumulus clouds decreased the HRBC and HRBrC by −31 ± 12 % and −26 ± 7 %, respectively; cirrocumulus–cirrostratus clouds decreased the HRBC and HRBrC by −60 ± 8 % and −54 ± 4 %, which was comparable to the impact of altocumulus (−60 ± 6 % and −46 ± 4 %). A higher impact on the HRBC and HRBrC suppression was found for stratocumulus (−63 ± 6 % and −58 ± 4 %, respectively) and altostratus (−78 ± 5 % and −73 ± 4 %, respectively). The highest impact was associated with stratus, suppressing the HRBC and HRBrC by −85 ± 5 % and −83 ± 3 %, respectively. The presence of clouds caused a decrease of both the HRBC and HRBrC (normalized to the absorption coefficient of the respective species) of −11.8 ± 1.2 % and −12.6 ± 1.4 % per okta. This study highlights the need to take into account the role of both cloudiness and different cloud types when estimating the HR caused by both BC and BrC and in turn decrease the uncertainties associated with the quantification of their impact on the climate.
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Gallegos, Karina. "Evaluación cualitativa de experiencia piloto PROCASER, como método para mejorar la pertinencia de interconsultas desde Atención Primaria con uso de Telemedicina." Revista Chilena de Salud Pública 21, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5281.2017.48908.
Full textAbstract:
Entendiendo la problemática de Lista de Espera (LE) y el alto número de interconsultas no pertinentes, surge el Proyecto centros de atención de Salud en Red, “PROCASER”.
Objetivo principal: Evaluar el resultado de esta experiencia piloto como herramienta para la gestión de interconsultas.
Diseño y Método: Estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal. Muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, tamaño muestral de 28 profesionales.
Durante cinco meses se desarrollaron reuniones semanales por videocon¬ferencia en la que médicos generales de cuatro centros de APS (Atención Pri¬maria de Salud) se conectaron por teleasistencia con un médico especialista del centro de referencia (Hospital Dr. HHA Temuco-Chile), rotatorio según semana y patología a tratar. Se presentaron casos clínicos de LE desde APS con mismo diagnóstico según semana, permitiendo resolver la interconsulta, evaluar pertinencia y reforzar conceptos según patología. Se desarrollaron 14 reuniones, resolvieron 38 casos clínicos y reforzaron conceptos de 16 pa¬tologías. Al término del proyecto se aplicó un cuestionario vía internet a los médicos participantes.
Resultados: 79% respondieron esta encuesta; 95% consideró que se po¬tenció la comunicación entre médicos APS con especialistas; 100% que se reforzaron conceptos y criterios de derivación; 91% afirmó que en caso de mantenerse la actividad de forma anual, pudiese disminuir el número de interconsultas no pertinentes.
Conclusión: Si bien aún no es factible conocer el impacto real, PRO¬CASER pudiese ser a futuro una nueva forma de asociar la telemedicina a un nuevo método de trabajo para mejorar la pertinencia de derivación y disminuir las LE.
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Moya Roque, Róger. "Influencia de la edad del cambium, tasa de crecimiento y nivel de precipitación sobre la densidad básica de la teca en Costa Rica." Madera y Bosques 8, no. 1 (September 2, 2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2002.811304.
Full textAbstract:
La teca (Tectona grandis) es una especie importante en la reforestación comercial en Costa Rica y su madera está siendo vendida en los mercados internacionales como “baby teak” (madera joven) debido a que proviene de árboles con edades inferiores a los 10 años, producto de los raleos. La teca en Costa Rica ha tenido excelente comportamiento silvicultural en lugares con nivel de precipitación superior a los 3500 mm por año y donde no existe una estación seca definida, diferente a su sitio natural de crecimiento en el continente asiático. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el comportamiento de la densidad básica (Po/Vv) desde la médula hacia la corteza de la madera de teca, así como la influencia de la edad del cambium, tasa de crecimiento y nivel de precipitación en árboles creciendo en la Zona del Caribe de Costa Rica. Para ello, se cortaron discos de madera provenientes del diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) de árboles de 5, 7 y 9 años y en cada uno de estos se midieron la tasa de crecimiento, representada por el ancho de anillo y los valores de densidad básica para cada anillo de crecimiento. Los resultados permitieron establecer que la densidad básica de la madera aumenta de la médula a la corteza y ésta se ve afectada principalmente por la edad del cambium y la tasa de crecimiento. En tanto, el nivel de precipitación, no afectó significativamente la densidad básica de la madera en los árboles. Otro resultado importante fue que el manejo intensivo de las plantaciones produce disminuye la relación entre la densidad básica y la edad del cambium o bien la tasa de crecimiento.