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Journal articles on the topic 'Biarea'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Jundt, Dustin K., and Verlin B. Hinsz. "INFLUENCES OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT ON DECISIONS INVOLVING JUDGMENTAL BIASES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 30, no. 1 (2002): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.1.45.

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This study examines the influences of positive and negative affect on decisions involving seven judgmental biases. For nonpersonally relevant biases, it was hypothesized that negative affect would lead to more in-depth thinking and less biased decisions while positive affect would lead to shallower thinking and more biased responses. For the personally relevant self-serving bias, it was hypothesized that negative affect would lead to more shallow processing and more biased responses, while positive affect would lead to more in-depth processing and less biased responses. Significantly biased re

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Restiyadi, Andri, Lolita Refani Lumban-Tobing, Anik Juli Dwi Astuti, Churmatin Nasoichah, and Mochammad Fauzi Hendrawan. "KONSTELASI KERUANGAN BIARA SANGKILON, KAWASAN KEPURBAKALAAN PADANG LAWAS BAGIAN SELATAN PADA ABAD XI—XIV MASEHI." Forum Arkeologi 33, no. 1 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/fa.v33i1.587.

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Biara Sangkilon is one of the many biaras in the in Padang Lawas archaeological area located in Sangkilon Village, Lubuk Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency. In general, the arrangement of biaras in this region has its own characteristics, namely the main building facing the mandapa, with one gate. The problem raised in this paper is how the spatial constellation of Biara Sangkilon is? The writing purpose of this article is to get a description of the space boundaries based on the distinction of spatial functions and their relationships in the Biara Sangkilon Complex. Through descriptive-an

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Biswas, Mriganka, and John Murray. "Can Cognitive Biases in Robots Make More ‘Likeable' Human-Robot Interactions than the Robots Without Such Biases." International Journal of Artificial Life Research 6, no. 1 (2016): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijalr.2016010101.

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The research presented in the paper aims to develop long-term companionship between cognitively imperfect robots and humans. In order to develop cognitively imperfect robot, the research suggests to implement various cognitive biases in a robot's interactive behaviours. In the authors' understanding, such cognitively biased behaviours in robot will help the participants to relate with it easily. In the current paper, they show comparative results of the experiments using five biased and one non-biased algorithms in a 3D printed humanoid robot MARC. The results from the experiments show that th

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Eva, Kevin W., and Geoffrey R. Norman. "Heuristics and biases - a biased perspective on clinical reasoning." Medical Education 39, no. 9 (2005): 870–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02258.x.

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Macewicz, Jerzy. "Czy proporcja udziału ziarniaków z warstwą i bez warstwy subaleuronowej determinuje poziom i jakość białka w plonie jęczmienia?" Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 1, no. 1 (2003): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2003.1.1.07.

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Wysokobiałkowe odmiany jęczmienia mogą różnić się zawartością białka w plonie nawet o 50%. Stwierdzamy tę między odmianową zmienność, mimo że warstwa aleuronowa, gromadząca białka zapasowe ma jednakową wielkość w ziarniakach wszystkich odmian. Dotąd brak było morfologicznej interpretacji, wskazującej gdzie w ziarniakach gromadzona jest ta dodatkowa ilość białka, którą wyróżniają się odmiany wysokobiałkowe. Wykonano porównawcze obserwacje struktury endospermu w odmianie najwyżej- i najniżej białkowej. Autorzy barwili białka własną metodą histochemiczną: na powierzchni przełomu nie utrwalonego e

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Porębski, Szymon, and Agnieszka Grzelak. "Klucz do badania procesów komórkowych - białka reporterowe." Kosmos 70, no. 1 (2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36921/kos.2021_2680.

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Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie powszechnie wykorzystywanych białek reporterowych. Ważne w rozwoju nauk biologicznych jest nie tylko rozumienie białek reporterowych jako produktów genów markerowych, ale narzędzia przydatne do wysoce specyficznych analiz. Zostało zaprezentowane i zdefiniowane pojęcie genu oraz białka reporterowego, z podkreśleniem niezbędnych cech, które powinien prezentować reporter. Scharakteryzowane zostały fluorescencyjne białka reporterowe, z naciskiem na białko zielonej fluorescencji. Wyróżnione zostały podklasy fotoaktywowalnych, fotoprzełączalnych oraz fotokonwertowaln

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Burris, Jessica L., Denise Oleas, Lori Reider, Kristin A. Buss, Koraly Pérez-Edgar, and Vanessa LoBue. "Biased Attention to Threat: Answering Old Questions With Young Infants." Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 6 (2019): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721419861415.

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For decades, researchers have been interested in humans’ ability to quickly detect threat-relevant stimuli. Here, we review recent findings from infant research on biased attention to threat and discuss how these data speak to classic assumptions about whether attention biases for threat are normative, whether they change with development, and what factors might contribute to this developmental change. We conclude that although there is some stability in attention biases in infancy, various factors—including temperamental negative affect and maternal anxiety—also contribute to shaping the deve

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Kliszcz, Beata, and Andrzej Kasprzak. "Rola białek motorycznych w transporcie aksonalnym." Kosmos 67, no. 1 (2018): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36921/kos.2018_2371.

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Transport wzdłuż mikrotubul aksonu i dendrytów jest niezbędny nie tylko dla zachowania ogólnej struktury i funkcjonowania komórki nerwowej, ale również całego układu nerwowego. W aksonie transport odbywa się dwukierunkowo, wzdłuż jednorodnie zorientowanych mikrotubul. Transport od ciała komórki w kierunku synapsy wymaga aktywności kinezyn i umożliwia dostarczanie białek (enzymów, cząsteczek sygnałowych, neurofilamentów, motorów molekularnych), pęcherzyków lipidowych i organelli, takich jak mitochondria do dystalnej części aksonu. Za transport w przeciwnym kierunku odpowiada dyneina cytoplazmat

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Hetmann, Anna, and Stanisław Kowalczyk. "Supresja odporności podstawowej typu PTI przez syntetyzowane w fitopatogenach białka efektorowe wprowadzane do wnętrza komórek infekowanej rośliny." Postępy Biochemii 65, no. 1 (2019): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/pb.2019_257.

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Układ odpornościowy roślin obejmuje dwa, powiązane ze sobą poziomy obrony lokalnej. Pierwszą linię obrony (PTI) aktywują cząsteczki MAMP/PAMP i DAMP rozpoznawane przez zlokalizowane w błonie plazmatycznej białka receptorowe typu PRR. Jednakże fitopatogeny syntetyzują i wprowadzają do komórek rośliny gospodarza białka efektorowe wykorzystujące wspólne, ale także swoiste dla różnych fitopatogenów strategie molekularne nakierowane na supresję układu odpornościowego. Wiele białek efektorowych atakujereceptory PRR bądź białkowe i niebiałkowe elementy szlaków sygnałowych, inne zakłócają ważne proces

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Wolska, Jolanta, Katarzyna Janda, and Izabela Gutowska. "SPEKTROFOTOMETRYCZNE OZNACZANIE ZAWARTOŚCI BIAŁKA W MONOCYTACH/MAKROFAGACH THP-1 – OPIS METODY." Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences 61, no. 1 (2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.57.

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Białka są podstawowym elementem budowy tkanek, wchodzą w skład enzymów i hormonów, regulując wiele ważnych procesów życiowych. Zmiany ich stężenia kontrolują procesy metaboliczne komórki. Ilościowe oznaczanie zawartości białek podzielono na metody pośrednie (np. Kjeldahla) i bezpośrednie (biuretowa, Lowry’ego, immunoenzymatyczna, formolowa, metody oparte na wbudowaniu barwników, spektrofotometrii w zakresie nadfioletu oraz oparte na zjawisku selektywnego pochłaniania promieniowania w zakresie podczerwieni). Jednym ze sposobów oznaczania zawartości białek jest metoda spektrofotometryczna opisan

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Batt, Robert J., and Jordan D. Tong. "Mean Service Metrics: Biased Quality Judgment and the Customer–Server Quality Gap." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 22, no. 5 (2020): 975–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2019.0783.

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Problem definition: People often make service-quality judgments based on information about the quality of each server even though they care primarily about the quality each customer experiences. When and how do server-level quality metrics differ from customer-experienced ones? Can people properly account for these differences, or do they drive human judgment and decision biases? Academic/practical relevance: Biased judgments about service quality can cause governments to fund programs suboptimally, organizations to promote the wrong employees, and customers to make disappointing purchases. We

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Mahanama, Sarith P. P., and Randal D. Koster. "AGCM Biases in Evaporation Regime: Impacts on Soil Moisture Memory and Land–Atmosphere Feedback." Journal of Hydrometeorology 6, no. 5 (2005): 656–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm446.1.

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Abstract Because precipitation and net radiation in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) are typically biased relative to observations, the simulated evaporative regime of a region may be biased, with consequent negative effects on the AGCM’s ability to translate an initialized soil moisture anomaly into an improved seasonal prediction. These potential problems are investigated through extensive offline analyses with the Mosaic land surface model (LSM). The LSM was first forced globally with a 15-yr observation-based dataset. The simulation was then repeated after imposing a represe

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Moraczewska, Joanna. "Filamenty cienkie i mikrofilamenty – funkcjonalne kompleksy aktyny z tropomiozyną." Kosmos 67, no. 1 (2018): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36921/kos.2018_2366.

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Aktyna jest uniwersalnym białkiem o strukturze dobrze zachowanej w toku ewolucji. W komórkach aktyna istnieje w równowadze pomiędzy formą monomeryczną i filamentową. Pomimo zachowanej w toku ewolucji struktury, aktyna pełni zdumiewająco wiele różnorodnych funkcji. Jest to możliwe dzięki zdolności aktyny do oddziaływania z wieloma białkami, wśród których znajdują się motory miozynowe oraz białka regulujące dynamiczną polimeryzację i depolimeryzację aktyny. Nadrzędnymi regulatorami filamentów aktynowych są tropomiozyny, rodzina superhelikalnych białek, które polimeryzują wzdłuż filamentowej akty

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Hidalgo·Hartmann, Arquitectos. "Casa Bianna en Mas Llistosella. Vall de Bianya, La Garrotxa. Gerona." EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura 1, no. 2 (2008): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eb.2009.7280.

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<p>Situada en un valle de carácter agrícola rodeado de montañas, la casa se somete al protagonismo de su entorno natural con respeto, integrándose en sus tierras y abriéndose a las vistas con aperturas precisas que enmarcan el paisaje.</p><p>Con sus perfiles alargados, y de poca altura, esta vivienda funciona como nexo de unión entre los diferentes rasgos de su entorno que quedan atrapados en su interior mediante los porches y patios bajo la cubierta continua que los engloba.</p>

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Lu, P. X., D. A. Huber, and T. L. White. "Potential biases of incomplete linear models in heritability estimation and breeding value prediction." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 6 (1999): 724–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-047.

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Potential biases associated with incomplete linear models in the estimation of heritability and the prediction of breeding values have been investigated. Results indicate that estimates of additive genetic variance and heritability as well as predicted parental breeding values from incomplete models will inevitably be biased as long as the true variance components of ignored effects are not zero. While models ignoring the interaction effect of males and females (SCA) × environment (E) interaction downwardly biased the estimates of additive genetic variance and heritability, models ignoring SCA

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Uhlmann, Eric Luis, and Brian A. Nosek. "My Culture Made Me Do It." Social Psychology 43, no. 2 (2012): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000089.

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The present research examined the effects of egocentric motivations on individuals’ explanations for how their automatic racial prejudices came into being. The majority of participants reported experiencing biased thoughts, feelings, and gut reactions toward minorities which they found difficult to consciously control, and they attributed such biases to cultural socialization. Of particular interest, ego-threatened participants were significantly more likely to attribute their automatic racial biases to their culture and significantly less likely to attribute such biases to themselves. Results

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Hoza, Betsy, Dianna Murray-Close, L. Eugene Arnold, Stephen P. Hinshaw, and Lily Hechtman. "Time-dependent changes in positively biased self-perceptions of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A developmental psychopathology perspective." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 2 (2010): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941000012x.

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AbstractThis study examined changes in the degree of positive bias in self-perceptions of previously diagnosed 8- to 13-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 513) and comparison peers (n = 284) over a 6-year period. The dynamic association between biased self-perceptions and dimensional indices of depressive symptoms and aggression also were considered. Across the 6-year time span, comparison children exhibited less bias than children with ADHD, although a normative bolstering of social self-views during early adolescence was observed. Decreases in positive

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Kamińska, Joanna, and Damian Kolakowski. "Białka z rodziny Vps13 – od funkcji molekularnej do patogenezy chorób neurodegeneracyjnych." Postępy Biochemii 64, no. 4 (2018): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/pb.2018_141.

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Grupa białek Vps (ang. vacuolar protein sorting) zaangażowanych w transport do wakuoli została odkryta u drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Wśród białek Vps, jest rodzina Vps13, której przedstawiciele występują u organizmów z różnych grup systematycznych. U drożdży jest jedno białko Vps13, a u ludzi są cztery Vps13 – hVps13A-D. Są to białka duże, o charakterystycznej budowie domenowej. Mutacje w genach hVPS13 są powiązane z rzadkimi chorobami neurodegeneracyjnymi: pląsawicą-akantocytozą (hVPS13A), zespołem Cohena (hVPS13B/COH1), usposabiają do wczesnej choroby Parkinsona (hVPS13C) i prowadzą do

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Namkung, Yoon, Christian LeGouill, Sahil Kumar, et al. "Functional selectivity profiling of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor using pathway-wide BRET signaling sensors." Science Signaling 11, no. 559 (2018): eaat1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aat1631.

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G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important therapeutic targets that exhibit functional selectivity (biased signaling), in which different ligands or receptor variants elicit distinct downstream signaling. Understanding all the signaling events and biases that contribute to both the beneficial and adverse effects of GPCR stimulation by given ligands is important for drug discovery. Here, we report the design, validation, and use of pathway-selective bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) biosensors that monitor the engagement and activation of signaling effectors downstream of

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Rędowicz, Maria Jolanta. "Modyfikacje potranslacyjne aktyny." Kosmos 67, no. 1 (2018): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36921/kos.2018_2367.

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Aktyna, komponent cytoszkieletu komórek eukariotycznych, to jedno z białek najistotniejszych dla funkcjonowania organizmów i najlepiej zachowanych w toku ewolucji. Ta globularna cząsteczka o masie cząsteczkowej około 42,3 kDa występuje zarówno w formie monomerycznej, jak i spolimeryzowanej (filamenty), a zdolność do dynamicznej reorganizacji aktyny jest niezbędna dla życia komórki. Przejście pomiędzy obiema formami jest możliwe dzięki precyzyjnej w czasie i przestrzeni, dynamicznej regulacji organizacji aktyny przez szereg białek wiążących się zarówno z monomerami, jak i filamentami aktyny. Is

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Zhang, Xuefeng, Shaoqing Zhang, Zhengyu Liu, Xinrong Wu, and Guijun Han. "Parameter Optimization in an Intermediate Coupled Climate Model with Biased Physics." Journal of Climate 28, no. 3 (2015): 1227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00348.1.

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Abstract Imperfect physical parameterization schemes in a coupled climate model are an important source of model biases that adversely impact climate prediction. However, how observational information should be used to optimize physical parameterizations through parameter estimation has not been fully studied. Using an intermediate coupled ocean–atmosphere model, the authors investigate parameter optimization when the assimilation model contains biased physics within a biased assimilation experiment framework. Here, the biased physics is induced by using different outgoing longwave radiation s

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Luhring, Thomas M., Grant M. Connette, and Christopher M. Schalk. "Trap characteristics and species morphology explain size-biased sampling of two salamander species." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 1 (2016): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003034.

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Demographic studies often depend on sampling techniques providing representative samples from populations. However, the sequence of events leading up to a successful capture or detection is susceptible to biases introduced through individual-level behaviour or physiology. Passive sampling techniques may be especially prone to sampling bias caused by size-related phenomena (e.g., physical limitations on trap entrance). We tested for size-biased sampling among five types of passive traps using a 9-year data set for two species of aquatic salamanders that have a 20 and 61 fold change in length ov

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Zhang, Guiming. "Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Volunteer Data Contribution Activities: A Case Study of eBird." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 10 (2020): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100597.

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Volunteered geographic information (VGI) has great potential to reveal spatial and temporal dynamics of geographic phenomena. However, a variety of potential biases in VGI are recognized, many of which root from volunteer data contribution activities. Examining patterns in volunteer data contribution activities helps understand the biases. Using eBird as a case study, this study investigates spatial and temporal patterns in data contribution activities of eBird contributors. eBird sampling efforts are biased in space and time. Most sampling efforts are concentrated in areas of denser populatio

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Cheung, Sai On, and Keyao Li. "Biases in construction project dispute resolution." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 2 (2019): 321–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2018-0109.

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PurposeThis study aims to propose a framework of bias in construction project dispute resolution (CPDR hereafter).Design/methodology/approachWith reference to the literatures on effects of bias, manifestations of bias in CPDR were developed. Based on data obtained from construction professionals about their frequency of having these bias manifestations, the underlying constructs of biased behaviors were explored by a principal component factor analysis. A confirmatory factor analysis was further conducted to validate the framework of bias in CPDR.FindingsFour types of bias were identified as t

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Tonta, Kate E., Joel A. Howell, Penelope A. Hasking, Mark E. Boyes, and Patrick J. F. Clarke. "Attention biases in perfectionism: Biased disengagement of attention from emotionally negative stimuli." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 64 (September 2019): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.02.009.

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Watterson, G. A. "Estimating the proportion of neutral mutants." Genetical Research 50, no. 2 (1987): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300023569.

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SummaryKimura used the heterozygosity and the number of low-frequency alleles to estimate that about 14% of mutations are selectively neutral. The method is shown to be subject to biases and to disruption due to bottleneck effects. Let deleterious alleles have selective disadvantage, s, compared with neutral alleles and let Ne denote the effective diploid population size. The estimator, , of the proportion of neutral alleles is positively biased if (roughly) 4NeS < 25 or if 4Nes > 200. In the former case, one cannot adequately detect the different influences of deleterious and neutral al

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Manata, Brian, Franklin J. Boster, Gwen M. Wittenbaum, and Daniel E. Bergan. "Assessing the Effects of Partisan Bias at the Group Level of Analysis: A Hidden Profile Experiment." American Politics Research 47, no. 6 (2018): 1283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x18788052.

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Although there is some evidence in the political arena that pooling information can overcome individual biases to improve decision-making accuracy, research from the group communication and psychology arenas suggests otherwise. Specifically, research on the hidden profile, a group-level decision-making problem, suggests that groups are decidedly biased when making decisions. This laboratory experiment tested whether or not partisan biases manifest at the group level of analysis. In the main, it was found that groups composed of either all Republican or all Democratic group members were likely

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Everaert, Jonas, Amit Bernstein, Jutta Joormann, and Ernst H. W. Koster. "Mapping Dynamic Interactions Among Cognitive Biases in Depression." Emotion Review 12, no. 2 (2020): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073919892069.

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Depression is theorized to be caused in part by biased cognitive processing of emotional information. Yet, prior research has adopted a reductionist approach that does not characterize how biases in cognitive processes such as attention and memory work together to confer risk for this complex multifactorial disorder. Grounded in affective and cognitive science, we highlight four mechanisms to understand how attention biases, working memory difficulties, and long-term memory biases interact and contribute to depression. We review evidence for each mechanism and highlight time- and context-depen

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Kaneko, Asuka, Yui Asaoka, Young-A. Lee, and Yukiori Goto. "Cognitive and Affective Processes Associated with Social Biases." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 24, no. 8 (2021): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab022.

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Abstract Background Our social activities are quite often erroneous and irrational, based on biased judgements and decision-making, known as social biases. However, the cognitive and affective processes that produce such biases remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated associations between social schemas, such as social judgment and conformity, entailing social biases and psychological measurements relevant to cognitive and affective functions. Method This study recruited 42 healthy adult subjects. A psychological test and a questionnaire were administered to assess biased social

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Charness, Gary, Ryan Oprea, and Sevgi Yuksel. "How do People Choose Between Biased Information Sources? Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment." Journal of the European Economic Association 19, no. 3 (2021): 1656–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvaa051.

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Abstract People in our experiment choose between two information sources with opposing biases in order to inform their guesses about a binary state. By varying the nature of the bias, we vary whether it is optimal to consult information sources biased towards or against prior beliefs. Even in our deliberately-abstract setting, there is strong evidence of confirmation-seeking and to a lesser extent contradiction-seeking heuristics leading people to choose information sources biased towards or against their priors. Analysis of post-experiment survey questions suggests that subjects follow these

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Sanchez Ruelas, Jafet G., Tarık Şahin, and Thomas Vietor. "Development of Decision–Model and Strategies for Allaying Biased Choices in Design and Development Processes." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 2 (2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020118.

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The design and development processes are full of decisions. Ranging from simple and straightforward to complex and elaborated. These decisions are taken by individuals that constantly rely on their intuition and heuristics to support their decision-making processes. Although heuristics tend to be very helpful, in many cases, they can lead to cognitive biases. This article postulates a method to recognize some of these biases and to apply dedicated strategies to diminish their effects. To do so, the study reviews different decision models in engineering design and consolidates them into one; he

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Chakraborty, Rahul, Amy Louise Schwarz, and Phillip Vaughan. "Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceptions of Nonnative Accent: A Pilot Study." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 4, no. 6 (2019): 1601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_pers-sig17-2019-0030.

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Purpose Considering the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) global influence and continued emphasis on heightening multicultural receptivity, a major consideration for ASHA is to cultivate cultural sensitivity and competence in its largely female (95.30%), monolingual (93.46%), and White (92.10%) workforce. ASHA's 32-year transition from no formal multicultural education to mandatory multicultural education infusion provokes to enquire whether multicultural education in speech-language pathologists (SLPs) has modified SLPs' perceptions toward multicultural issues. In this art

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Amer, T. S., and Sury Ravindran. "The Effect of Visual Illusions on the Graphical Display of Information." Journal of Information Systems 24, no. 1 (2010): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2010.24.1.23.

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ABSTRACT: Graphical displays of business and accounting information are widely used as decision aids. Theoretical work in visual perception indicates graphs that exhibit certain characteristics create visual illusions that may result in biased decision making. This paper reports the results of an experiment that demonstrates how such two-dimensional and three-dimensional visual illusions cause viewers to make biased comparison judgments. The experiment also shows that these decision biases can be mitigated by including gridlines in both two- and three-dimensional graphs.

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Schwemmer, Carsten, Carly Knight, Emily D. Bello-Pardo, Stan Oklobdzija, Martijn Schoonvelde, and Jeffrey W. Lockhart. "Diagnosing Gender Bias in Image Recognition Systems." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 6 (January 2020): 237802312096717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120967171.

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Image recognition systems offer the promise to learn from images at scale without requiring expert knowledge. However, past research suggests that machine learning systems often produce biased output. In this article, we evaluate potential gender biases of commercial image recognition platforms using photographs of U.S. members of Congress and a large number of Twitter images posted by these politicians. Our crowdsourced validation shows that commercial image recognition systems can produce labels that are correct and biased at the same time as they selectively report a subset of many possible

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Pishghadam, Reza, and Hannaneh Abbasnejad. "Judgments under emotioncy’s influence." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 4, no. 2 (2017): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00006.pis.

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Abstract Following a number of studies on discovering the controlling dormant forces in linguistic biases, this study attempts to introduce the concept of emotioncy as a driving force in explicating the causes of prejudice manifested through biases in speech. To this end, two scales for measuring individuals’ bias and their emotioncy levels were devised and validated through Rasch measurement. A total number of 341 participants were asked to take the scales. Afterward, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate the probable relationships between sub-constructs of the scales

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Genthon, Christophe, Delphine Six, Vincent Favier, Matthew Lazzara, and Linda Keller. "Atmospheric Temperature Measurement Biases on the Antarctic Plateau." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28, no. 12 (2011): 1598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-11-00095.1.

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Abstract Observations of atmospheric temperature made on the Antarctic Plateau with thermistors housed in naturally (wind) ventilated radiation shields are shown to be significantly warm biased by solar radiation. High incoming solar flux and high surface albedo result in radiation biases in Gill (multiplate)-styled shields that can occasionally exceed 10°C in summer in cases with low wind speed. Although stronger and more frequent when incoming solar radiation is high, biases exceeding 8°C are found even when solar radiation is less than 200 W m−2. Compared with sonic thermometers, which are

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Jonauskaite, Domicele, Adam Sutton, Nello Cristianini, and Christine Mohr. "English colour terms carry gender and valence biases: A corpus study using word embeddings." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0251559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251559.

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In Western societies, the stereotype prevails that pink is for girls and blue is for boys. A third possible gendered colour is red. While liked by women, it represents power, stereotypically a masculine characteristic. Empirical studies confirmed such gendered connotations when testing colour-emotion associations or colour preferences in males and females. Furthermore, empirical studies demonstrated that pink is a positive colour, blue is mainly a positive colour, and red is both a positive and a negative colour. Here, we assessed if the same valence and gender connotations appear in widely av

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Johnson, Valerie B., and Alexander L. Kaufman. "Errata: Volume 1." Bulletin of the International Association for Robin Hood Studies 2, no. 1 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/biarhs.2.1.39.

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Ferson, Wayne E., Sergei Sarkissian, and Timothy Simin. "Asset Pricing Models with Conditional Betas and Alphas: The Effects of Data Snooping and Spurious Regression." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 43, no. 2 (2008): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000003549.

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AbstractThis paper studies the estimation of asset pricing model regressions with conditional alphas and betas, focusing on the joint effects of data snooping and spurious regression. We find that the regressions are reasonably well specified for conditional betas, even in settings where simple predictive regressions are severely biased. However, there are biases in estimates of the conditional alphas. When time-varying alphas are suppressed and only time-varying betas are considered, the betas become biased. Previous studies overstate the significance of time-varying alphas.

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Jaworski, Jacek. "Białka z rodziny +TIP – „agenci” śledzący mikrotubule w rozwoju i plastyczności neuronów." Kosmos 67, no. 1 (2018): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36921/kos.2018_2374.

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Mikrotubule są jednym z elementów cytoszkieletu a ich rolą jest zapewnienie prawidłowego transportu wewnątrzkomórkowego, utrzymanie kształtu komórek oraz generowanie sił mechanicznych. Aby mikrotubule mogły pełnić swoje funkcje komórkowe konieczna jest licznagrupa białek je wiążących, odpowiedzialnych za ich polimeryzację, stabilizację i dynamikę. Należą do nich między innymi białka śledzące koniec plus mikrotubul (ang. microtubule plus-end tracking proteins, +TIP). W ciągu ostatnich 10 lat poczyniono ogromne postępy w rozumieniu zarówno podstawowych aspektów działania tych białek na poziomie

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Liu, Siyuan, Jakob Seidlitz, Jonathan D. Blumenthal, Liv S. Clasen, and Armin Raznahan. "Integrative structural, functional, and transcriptomic analyses of sex-biased brain organization in humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 31 (2020): 18788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919091117.

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Humans display reproducible sex differences in cognition and behavior, which may partly reflect intrinsic sex differences in regional brain organization. However, the consistency, causes and consequences of sex differences in the human brain are poorly characterized and hotly debated. In contrast, recent studies in mice—a major model organism for studying neurobiological sex differences—have established: 1) highly consistent sex biases in regional gray matter volume (GMV) involving the cortex and classical subcortical foci, 2) a preponderance of regional GMV sex differences in brain circuits f

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Chang, Edmund K. M., Yanjuan Guo, Xiaoming Xia, and Minghua Zheng. "Storm-Track Activity in IPCC AR4/CMIP3 Model Simulations." Journal of Climate 26, no. 1 (2013): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00707.1.

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Abstract The climatological storm-track activity simulated by 17 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4)/phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) models is compared to that in the interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). Nearly half of the models show significant biases in storm-track amplitude: four models simulate storm tracks that are either significantly (&gt;20%) too strong or too weak in both hemispheres, while four other models have interhemispheric storm-track ratios that are biased by over 10%. Consistent with previous stud

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Kaiser, Roselinde H., Hannah R. Snyder, Franziska Goer, Rachel Clegg, Manon Ironside, and Diego A. Pizzagalli. "Attention Bias in Rumination and Depression: Cognitive Mechanisms and Brain Networks." Clinical Psychological Science 6, no. 6 (2018): 765–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702618797935.

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Depressed individuals exhibit biased attention to negative emotional information. However, much remains unknown about (a) the neurocognitive mechanisms of attention bias (e.g., qualities of negative information that evoke attention bias or functional brain network dynamics that may reflect a propensity for biased attention) and (b) distinctions in the types of attention bias related to different dimensions of depression (e.g., ruminative depression). Here, in 50 women, clinical depression was associated with facilitated processing of negative information only when such information was self-des

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Vadillo, Miguel A., Fernando Blanco, Ion Yarritu, and Helena Matute. "Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency Detection." Experimental Psychology 63, no. 1 (2016): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000309.

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Abstract. Decades of research in causal and contingency learning show that people’s estimations of the degree of contingency between two events are easily biased by the relative probabilities of those two events. If two events co-occur frequently, then people tend to overestimate the strength of the contingency between them. Traditionally, these biases have been explained in terms of relatively simple single-process models of learning and reasoning. However, more recently some authors have found that these biases do not appear in all dependent variables and have proposed dual-process models to

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Leong, Yuan Chang, Roma Dziembaj, and Mark D’Esposito. "Pupil-Linked Arousal Biases Evidence Accumulation Toward Desirable Percepts During Perceptual Decision-Making." Psychological Science 32, no. 9 (2021): 1494–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09567976211004547.

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People’s perceptual reports are biased toward percepts they are motivated to see. The arousal system coordinates the body’s response to motivationally significant events and is well positioned to regulate motivational effects on perceptual judgments. However, it remains unclear whether arousal would enhance or reduce motivational biases. Here, we measured pupil dilation as a measure of arousal while participants ( N = 38) performed a visual categorization task. We used monetary bonuses to motivate participants to perceive one category over another. Even though the reward-maximizing strategy wa

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Harris, Chris, Klaus Fiedler, Hans Marien, and Ruud Custers. "Biased preferences through exploitation: How initial biases are consolidated in reward-rich environments." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 149, no. 10 (2020): 1855–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000754.

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Marlowe, Cynthia M., Sandra L. Schneider, and Carnot E. Nelson. "Gender and attractiveness biases in hiring decisions: Are more experienced managers less biased?" Journal of Applied Psychology 81, no. 1 (1996): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.1.11.

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Ball, Gregory F. "Species variation in the degree of sex differences in brain and behaviour related to birdsong: adaptations and constraints." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1688 (2016): 20150117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0117.

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The song-control system, a neural circuit that controls the learning and production of birdsong, provided the first example in vertebrates of prominent macro-morphological sex differences in the brain. Forebrain nuclei HVC, robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and area X all exhibit prominent male-biased sex differences in volume in zebra finches and canaries. Subsequent studies compared species that exhibited different degrees of a sex difference in song behaviour and revealed an overall positive correlation between male biases in song behaviour and male biases in the volume of the song nuc

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Welch, David J., Bruce D. Mapstone, Campbell R. Davies, and Garry R. Russ. "Spatial and fishing effects on sampling gear biases in a tropical reef line fishery." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 10 (2010): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09278.

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Biased estimates of population parameters for harvested stocks can have severe implications for fishery management strategy choices. Hook-and-line fishing gear is size-selective and therefore collects biased samples from wild populations. Such biases may also vary in space and time. To assess this assertion, we compared line- and spear-caught samples of the main target species of an Australian hook-and-line fishery to quantify relative bias in size and age structure estimates. We also assessed the consistency of biases among four fishery regions and between two management zones – areas open an

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Burris, Jessica L., Kristin Buss, Vanessa LoBue, Koraly Pérez-Edgar, and Andy P. Field. "Biased attention to threat and anxiety: On taking a developmental approach." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 10, no. 3 (2019): 204380871986071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043808719860717.

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Several researchers have proposed a causal relation between biased attention to threat and the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in both children and adults. However, despite the widely documented correlation between attention bias to threat and anxiety, developmental research in this domain is limited. In this review, we highlight the importance of taking a developmental approach to studying attention biases to threat and anxiety. First, we discuss how recent developmental work on attention to threat fits into existing theoretical frameworks for the development of anxiety and h

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