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Journal articles on the topic 'Bias and stereotypes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Rivers, Andrew M., Jeffrey W. Sherman, Heather R. Rees, Regina Reichardt, and Karl C. Klauer. "On the Roles of Stereotype Activation and Application in Diminishing Implicit Bias." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 3 (2019): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219853842.

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Stereotypes can influence social perception in undesirable ways. However, activated stereotypes are not always applied in judgments. The present research investigated how stereotype activation and application processes impact social judgments as a function of available resources for control over stereotypes. Specifically, we varied the time available to intervene in the stereotyping process and used multinomial modeling to independently estimate stereotype activation and application. As expected, social judgments were less stereotypic when participants had more time to intervene. In terms of m

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Skorinko, Jeanine Lee McHugh. "Riddle Me This: Using Riddles That Violate Gender Stereotypes To Demonstrate The Pervasiveness Of Stereotypes." Psychology Learning & Teaching 17, no. 2 (2018): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475725717752181.

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This paper describes a classroom demonstration that showcases how pre-existing beliefs (e.g., stereotypes) influence problem-solving. Across four studies, participants solved riddles with gender stereotype-consistent (e.g. doctor is male) or gender stereotype-inconsistent (e.g., doctor is female; barber is female) solutions. Solve time, perceived difficulty, and perceptions of the demonstration and how it influenced learning were measured. Studies 3 and 4 extended Studies 1 and 2 by measuring objective learning through a quiz on gender stereotypes and bias. Results indicate that students solve

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Heilman, Madeline E. "Gender stereotypes and workplace bias." Research in Organizational Behavior 32 (January 2012): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.003.

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Bye, Hege H., and Henrik Herrebrøden. "Emotions as mediators of the stereotype–discrimination relationship: A BIAS map replication." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 7 (2017): 1078–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217694370.

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A central theoretical assumption in the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) map framework is that emotions mediate the relationships between stereotypes and intergroup behavior. Despite the BIAS map’s popularity, very few studies have tested the model’s mediation hypotheses and none have tested them by replicating the original study (Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2007, Study 1). We provide a replication in a Norwegian sample ( N = 244). The results supported that stereotype content is related to behavior tendencies, mediated through emotional prejudices. However, for each of t

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Moons, Wesley G., Jacqueline M. Chen, and Diane M. Mackie. "Stereotypes: A source of bias in affective and empathic forecasting." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 20, no. 2 (2016): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430215603460.

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People’s emotional states often depend on the emotions of others. Consequently, to predict their own responses to social interactions (i.e., affective forecasts), we contend that people predict the emotional states of others (i.e., empathic forecasts). We propose that empathic forecasts are vulnerable to stereotype biases and demonstrate that stereotypes about the different emotional experiences of race (Experiment 1) and sex groups (Experiment 2) bias empathic forecasts. Path modeling in both studies demonstrates that stereotype-biased empathic forecasts regarding how a target individual will

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Grant, Sharon, and Toby Mizzi. "Body Weight Bias in Hiring Decisions: Identifying Explanatory Mechanisms." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 3 (2014): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.3.353.

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We examined the impact of job applicant body weight on employability ratings via the mediators of obesity and physical attractiveness stereotypes, organizational costs, and rational bias. The moderating effect of job type was also examined. A sample of 202 (75% female) university students assessed a job applicant on the basis of a résumé which was accompanied by a photograph (overweight vs. average weight) and a position description (face-to-face vs. telephone sales). Results revealed that the overweight applicant was rated significantly higher on the obesity stereotype, significantly lower on

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Fiebert, Martin S., and Mark W. Meyer. "Gender Stereotypes: A Bias Against Men." Journal of Psychology 131, no. 4 (1997): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223989709603527.

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Carlana, Michela. "Implicit Stereotypes: Evidence from Teachers’ Gender Bias*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 134, no. 3 (2019): 1163–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz008.

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Abstract I study whether exposure to teacher stereotypes, as measured by the Gender-Science Implicit Association Test, affects student achievement. I provide evidence that the gender gap in math performance, defined as the score of boys minus the score of girls in standardized tests, substantially increases when students are assigned to math teachers with stronger gender stereotypes. Teacher stereotypes induce girls to underperform in math and self-select into less demanding high schools, following the track recommendation of their teachers. These effects are at least partially driven by lower

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Villicana, Adrian J., Donna M. Garcia, and Monica Biernat. "Gender and parenting: Effects of parenting failures on evaluations of mothers and fathers." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 20, no. 6 (2015): 867–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430215615683.

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Stereotypes may function as standards, such that individuals are judged relative to within-category expectations. Subjective judgments may mask stereotyping effects, whereas objective judgments may reveal stereotype-consistent patterns. We examined whether gender stereotypes about parenting lead judges to rate women and men as equally “good” parents while objective judgments favor women and whether parenting performance moderates this pattern. Participants evaluated a mother or father who successfully or unsuccessfully performed a parenting task. Subjective judgments of parent quality (“s/he i

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Sánchez-Junquera, Javier, Berta Chulvi, Paolo Rosso, and Simone Paolo Ponzetto. "How Do You Speak about Immigrants? Taxonomy and StereoImmigrants Dataset for Identifying Stereotypes about Immigrants." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 3610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083610.

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Stereotype is a type of social bias massively present in texts that computational models use. There are stereotypes that present special difficulties because they do not rely on personal attributes. This is the case of stereotypes about immigrants, a social category that is a preferred target of hate speech and discrimination. We propose a new approach to detect stereotypes about immigrants in texts focusing not on the personal attributes assigned to the minority but in the frames, that is, the narrative scenarios, in which the group is placed in public speeches. We have proposed a fine-graine

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Chan, Wayne, and Gerald A. Mendelsohn. "Disentangling stereotype and person effects: Do social stereotypes bias observer judgment of personality?" Journal of Research in Personality 44, no. 2 (2010): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.02.001.

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Greenberg, Caprice C., and Jacob A. Greenberg. "Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Surgical Training." JAMA Surgery 155, no. 7 (2020): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1561.

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13

Fischer, Eugen, and Paul E. Engelhardt. "Lingering stereotypes: Salience bias in philosophical argument." Mind & Language 35, no. 4 (2019): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mila.12249.

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Carter, Prudence L., Russell Skiba, Mariella I. Arredondo, and Mica Pollock. "You Can’t Fix What You Don’t Look At." Urban Education 52, no. 2 (2016): 207–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085916660350.

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Racial/ethnic stereotypes are deep rooted in our history; among these, the dangerous Black male stereotype is especially relevant to issues of differential school discipline today. Although integration in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education was intended to counteract stereotype and bias, resegregation has allowed little true integration. Thus, old patterns continue to be reinforced through the ongoing processes of implicit bias, micro-aggression, and colorblindness. Thus, to effectively address inequity, the role of race must be explicitly acknowledged in addressing racial disparities in d

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Bai, Xuechunzi, Miguel R. Ramos, and Susan T. Fiske. "As diversity increases, people paradoxically perceive social groups as more similar." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 23 (2020): 12741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000333117.

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With globalization and immigration, societal contexts differ in sheer variety of resident social groups. Social diversity challenges individuals to think in new ways about new kinds of people and where their groups all stand, relative to each other. However, psychological science does not yet specify how human minds represent social diversity, in homogeneous or heterogenous contexts. Mental maps of the array of society’s groups should differ when individuals inhabit more and less diverse ecologies. Nonetheless, predictions disagree on how they should differ. Confirmation bias suggests more div

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Nunoo, F. N. K., D. P. Mensah, E. Adu Boahen, and I. E. N. Nunoo. "Analysis of gender representation in basic level English textbooks in Ghana." Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) 37, no. 2 (2019): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/just.v37i2.8.

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Textbooks are known to influence the behaviours and worldview of children. Apart from imparting critical knowledge to pupils, textbooks also encourage pupils to form certain perceptions and stereotypes, including the ‘appropriate’ gender-specific roles in society. This paper examined gender stereotypes in the content and design of the Pupil’s English textbook at the Basic Level in Ghana using content analysis. The study revealed that, as teaching materials, the English Pupil’s Books 1, 2 and 3 displayed gross gender bias that reinforces the stereotypical roles of males and females in Ghanaian

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Miller, Saul L., Kate Zielaskowski, and E. Ashby Plant. "The Basis of Shooter Biases." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 38, no. 10 (2012): 1358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167212450516.

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White police officers and undergraduate students mistakenly shoot unarmed Black suspects more than White suspects on computerized shoot/don’t shoot tasks. This bias is typically attributed to cultural stereotypes of Black men. Yet, previous research has not examined whether such biases emerge even in the absence of cultural stereotypes. The current research investigates whether individual differences in chronic beliefs about interpersonal threat interact with target group membership to elicit shooter biases, even when group membership is unrelated to race or cultural stereotypes about danger.

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Souchon, Nicolas, Andrew G. Livingstone, and Gregory R. Maio. "The Influence of Referees’ Expertise, Gender, Motivation, and Time Constraints on Decisional Bias Against Women." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 35, no. 6 (2013): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.6.585.

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The influence of player gender on referees’ decision making was experimentally investigated. In Experiment 1, including 145 male handball referees, we investigated (a) the influence of referees’ level of expertise on their decisional biases against women and (b) the referees’ gender stereotypes. Results revealed that biases against women were powerful regardless of the referees’ level of expertise and that male referees’ stereotype toward female players tends to be negative. In Experiment 2, including 115 sport science students, we examined the influence of the participants’ gender, motivation

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Flores, René D. "“A Little More Ghetto, a Little Less Cultured”: Are There Racial Stereotypes about Interracial Daters in the United States?" Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 2 (2019): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219835851.

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Negative stereotypes about racial minorities, particularly African Americans, persist in the United States. Given the imperviousness of racial stereotypes about minorities, can individuals who date interracially also be stereotyped? The author investigates this by conducting the first systematic study of men’s attitudes toward white and black women who date outside their race. First, the author inductively uncovers these stereotypes through focus groups. Second, to assess these stereotypes’ nationwide prevalence and to minimize social desirability bias, the author applies a survey experiment,

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20

Walton, Gregory M., and Steven J. Spencer. "Latent Ability." Psychological Science 20, no. 9 (2009): 1132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02417.x.

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Past research has assumed that group differences in academic performance entirely reflect genuine differences in ability. In contrast, extending research on stereotype threat, we suggest that standard measures of academic performance are biased against non-Asian ethnic minorities and against women in quantitative fields. This bias results not from the content of performance measures, but from the context in which they are assessed—from psychological threats in common academic environments, which depress the performances of people targeted by negative intellectual stereotypes. Like the time of

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Tsamadi, Dimitra, Johanna K. Falbén, Linn M. Persson, et al. "Stereotype-based priming without stereotype activation: A tale of two priming tasks." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 11 (2020): 1939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820925396.

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An extensive literature has demonstrated stereotype-based priming effects. What this work has only recently considered, however, is the extent to which priming is moderated by the adoption of different sequential-priming tasks and the attendant implications for theoretical treatments of person perception. In addition, the processes through which priming arises (i.e., stimulus and/or response biases) remain largely unspecified. Accordingly, here we explored the emergence and origin of stereotype-based priming using both semantic- and response-priming tasks. Corroborating previous research, a st

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Landy, Frank J. "Stereotypes, Bias, and Personnel Decisions: Strange and Stranger." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1, no. 4 (2008): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2008.00071.x.

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Research on stereotyping as related to workplace evaluations and decisions has been going on for more than 30 years. Recently, implicit association theory has emerged as a less conscious manifestation of stereotyping mechanisms. In this article, I review the relevance of research on both stereotyping and one of the more popular tests of implicit associations, the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Claims have been made that both stereotyping research and, more recently, IAT research provide theoretical and empirical support for the argument that protected demographic groups (e.g., ethnic minorit

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Abreu, José M. "Theory and Research on Stereotypes and Perceptual Bias." Counseling Psychologist 29, no. 4 (2001): 487–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000001294002.

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This article presents theory and selected research on stereotyping and cognitive automaticity as a didactic resource base for multicultural counselor educators. Multicultural trainers can use this information in the classroom to establish the existing scientific evidence indicating that perceptual processes taking place outside of conscious awareness give rise to biased perceptions involving racial or ethnic categories. The objective of this didactic resource is to impress upon counseling trainees the importance of coming to terms with racial prejudice and biases often hidden from conscious sc

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Marsh, Richard, Gabriel Cook, and Jason Hicks. "Gender and orientation stereotypes bias source-monitoring attributions." Memory 14, no. 2 (2006): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210544000015.

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Sevillano, Verónica, and Susan T. Fiske. "Stereotypes, emotions, and behaviors associated with animals: A causal test of the stereotype content model and BIAS map." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 6 (2019): 879–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430219851560.

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Using the stereotype content model (SCM; Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) and the behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes (BIAS) map (Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2007), two experiments tested the effect of animal stereotypes on emotions and behavioral tendencies toward animals. As a novel approach, Study 1 ( N = 165) manipulated warmth and competence traits of a fictitious animal species (“wallons”) and tested their effect on emotions and behaviors toward those animals. Stereotypical warm-competent and cold-incompetent “wallons” elicited fondness/delight and contempt/disgust, respe

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Hebl, Michelle R. "Gender Bias in Leader Selection." Teaching of Psychology 22, no. 3 (1995): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2203_6.

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In this classroom exercise, students experience how stereotypes can result in biased leader selection and learn some introductory information about task-oriented competitive and social cooperative leaders. Students are placed in initially leaderless, mixed-sex (two men, two women) groups and asked to select leaders in preparation for a group activity. Half of the groups receive instructions that focus on competition; the other half receive instructions that emphasize cooperation. Overall, a disproportionate number of men are selected as leaders, substantiating past research that shows gender s

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Liu, Xuan, Wen Shan, and Shenghua Jin. "Civilised Behaviour: A Chinese Indigenous Intergroup Perception Dimension." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 9, no. 2 (2015): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/prp.2015.7.

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In order to check whether (un)civilised behaviour can be a valid indigenous intergroup comparison dimension for Chinese people, three studies were conducted based on stereotypic explanatory bias (SEB). Study 1 examined the media representation of Chinese and Western (un)civilised behaviours, and the SEB results suggested ingroup derogation of Chinese people regarding civilised behaviour. Study 2 aimed to use a more empirical approach to further analyse Chinese intergroup bias for civilised behaviour at both implicit and explicit levels. Chinese participants’ SEB results indicated ingroup derog

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van Breen, Jolien A., Russell Spears, Toon Kuppens, and Soledad de Lemus. "Subliminal Gender Stereotypes: Who Can Resist?" Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 12 (2018): 1648–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218771895.

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We examine women’s responses to subliminal gender stereotypes, that is, stereotypes present outside conscious awareness. Previous research suggests that subtle stereotypes elicit acceptance and assimilation, but we predict that subliminal exposure to gender stereotypes will trigger resistance in some women. Specifically, we expect resistance to occur among women who are relatively strongly identified with feminists, but not with the broader group of women. We predict that resistance takes the form of persistence in stereotypically masculine domains and (implicit) in-group bias. Indeed, we foun

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Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian, and Karin D. Martin. "The Social Psychology of Racially Biased Policing: Evidence-Based Policy Responses." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732220943639.

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Police killings of unarmed African Americans, such as George Floyd in 2020, continue to cause nationwide protests and calls for change. Psychological science knows much about biased policing and can inform policy to promote equitable policing. Social psychology’s extensive findings on stereotyping, attitudes, and intergroup relations help clarify the role of officer racial bias. This article reviews implicit and explicit bias, race-crime stereotypes, intragroup bias, ingroup favoritism, stereotype threat, and dehumanization in policing interactions, all of which can lead to racially disparate

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Arnold, David, Will Dobbie, and Crystal S. Yang. "Racial Bias in Bail Decisions*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 133, no. 4 (2018): 1885–932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjy012.

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Abstract This article develops a new test for identifying racial bias in the context of bail decisions—a high-stakes setting with large disparities between white and black defendants. We motivate our analysis using Becker’s model of racial bias, which predicts that rates of pretrial misconduct will be identical for marginal white and marginal black defendants if bail judges are racially unbiased. In contrast, marginal white defendants will have higher rates of misconduct than marginal black defendants if bail judges are racially biased, whether that bias is driven by racial animus, inaccurate

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Olberding, Amy. "Looking Philosophical: Stuff, Stereotypes, and Self‐Presentation." Hypatia 30, no. 4 (2015): 692–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12181.

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Self‐presentation is a complex phenomenon through which individuals present themselves in performance of social roles. The success of such performances rests not just on how well a performer fulfills expectations regarding the role she would play, but on whether observers find her convincing. I focus on how self‐presentation entails making use of material environment and objects: One may “dress for the part” and employ props that suit a desired role. However, regardless of dress or props, one can nonetheless fail to “look the part” owing to expectations informed by biases patterned along commo

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Mickes, Laura, Drew E. Walker, Julian L. Parris, Robert Mankoff, and Nicholas J. S. Christenfeld. "Who’s funny: Gender stereotypes, humor production, and memory bias." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 19, no. 1 (2011): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-011-0161-2.

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Cuddy, Amy J. C., Susan T. Fiske, and Peter Glick. "The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92, no. 4 (2007): 631–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631.

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Del Pinal, Guillermo, Alex Madva, and Kevin Reuter. "Stereotypes, Conceptual Centrality and Gender Bias: An Empirical Investigation." Ratio 30, no. 4 (2017): 384–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rati.12170.

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Brooks, Jeffrey A., Ryan M. Stolier, and Jonathan B. Freeman. "Stereotypes Bias Visual Prototypes for Sex and Emotion Categories." Social Cognition 36, no. 5 (2018): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2018.36.5.481.

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Myers, Sara P., Mohini Dasari, Joshua B. Brown, et al. "Effects of Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Surgical Training." JAMA Surgery 155, no. 7 (2020): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1127.

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Ring, Jeffrey M. "Reflections in the mirror: Bias, stereotypes and professional responsibility." Families, Systems, & Health 38, no. 2 (2020): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000496.

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Maass, Anne, Caterina Suitner, Xenia Favaretto, and Marina Cignacchi. "Groups in space: Stereotypes and the spatial agency bias." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, no. 3 (2009): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.01.004.

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Meadors, Joshua D., and Carolyn B. Murray. "Measuring Nonverbal Bias Through Body Language Responses to Stereotypes." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 38, no. 2 (2014): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-013-0172-y.

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Sim, Jessica J., Joshua Correll, and Melody S. Sadler. "Understanding Police and Expert Performance." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 39, no. 3 (2013): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167212473157.

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In three studies, we examined how training may attenuate (or exacerbate) racial bias in the decision to shoot. In Experiment 1, when novices read a newspaper article about Black criminals, they showed pronounced racial bias in a first-person-shooter task (FPST); when they read about White criminals, bias was eliminated. Experts (who practiced the FPST) and police officers were unaffected by the same stereotype-accessibility manipulation. However, when training itself (base rates of armed vs. unarmed targets in the FPST, Experiment 2a; or special unit officers who routinely deal with minority g

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Schloegel, Uta, Sebastian Stegmann, Alexander Maedche, and Rolf van Dick. "Age stereotypes in agile software development – an empirical study of performance expectations." Information Technology & People 31, no. 1 (2018): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-07-2015-0186.

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Purpose Research on agile software development (ASD) has so far primarily focused on processes and tools. Recently, researchers have started to investigate the social dimensions of ASD. The authors contribute to this and examine the largely invisible psychological factor of age stereotypes as one important social dimension of ASD. Driven by demographic change, employees of different age groups will need to work closely together in ASD in the future. However, age stereotypes can hinder many aspects of communication, cooperation and coordination in these self-managed teams. The purpose of this p

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J. Lyons, Brent, Jennifer L. Wessel, Yi Chiew Tai, and Ann Marie Ryan. "Strategies of job seekers related to age-related stereotypes." Journal of Managerial Psychology 29, no. 8 (2014): 1009–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-03-2013-0078.

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Purpose – Given the increasing diversity in the age of job seekers worldwide and evidence of perceptions of discrimination and stereotypes of job seekers at both ends of the age continuum, the purpose of this paper is to identify how perceptions of age-related bias are connected to age-related identity management strategies of unemployed job seekers. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 129 unemployed job-seeking adults who were participants in a career placement service. Participants completed paper-and-pencil surveys about their experiences of age-related bias and engagemen

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Scaffidi Abbate, Costanza, Isabella Giammusso, and Stefano Boca. "The Effect of Perspective-Taking on Linguistic Intergroup Bias." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 39, no. 2 (2019): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x19874383.

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In this experiment, we examined the effect of perspective-taking—actively contemplating others’ psychological experiences—on linguistic intergroup bias. We asked some participants to adopt the perspective of a character (an Italian or a Maghrebian), while others did not receive similar instructions, and complete a short dialogue comprised of a series of vignettes, resulting in a 2 (perspective-taking: presence vs. control) × 2 (group: ingroup vs. outgroup) between-participants design. We analyzed the texts produced on the basis of the linguistic category model. As expected, participants were m

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Mishel, Emma. "Contextual Prejudice: How Occupational Context and Stereotypes Shape Bias against Gay and Lesbian Employees." Social Currents 7, no. 4 (2020): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496520919912.

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While much research provides evidence that gay men and lesbians are discriminated against in the U.S. labor force, the contexts in which such bias is enhanced or reduced, or the mechanisms behind it, are harder to pinpoint. This article puts forth that occupational context—and specifically, the stereotypes about gay men and lesbians evoked by certain occupational contexts—plays an important role in shaping bias against gay men and lesbians in the labor force. I argue that people are implicitly guided by cultural stereotypes about gay men and lesbians, which affects perceptions about whether th

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Bilotta, Isabel, Abby Corrington, Saaid A. Mendoza, Ivy Watson, and Eden King. "How Subtle Bias Infects the Law." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 15, no. 1 (2019): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042602.

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This review describes the ways in which contemporary forms of prejudice and stereotypes, which are often subtle and unconscious, give rise to critical problems throughout the legal system. This summary highlights dominant themes and understudied issues at the intersection of legal and psychological research. Three areas of focus are considered: law enforcement (policing), legal decision making, and the legal profession. Recommendations for future research and practice are offered.

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Swim, Janet, Eugene Borgida, Geoffrey Maruyama, and David G. Myers. "Joan McKay versus John McKay: Do gender stereotypes bias evaluations?" Psychological Bulletin 105, no. 3 (1989): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.409.

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Smalarz, Laura, Stephanie Madon, Yueran Yang, Max Guyll, and Sarah Buck. "The perfect match: Do criminal stereotypes bias forensic evidence analysis?" Law and Human Behavior 40, no. 4 (2016): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000190.

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Cyr, Emily N., Hilary B. Bergsieker, Tara C. Dennehy, and Toni Schmader. "Mapping social exclusion in STEM to men’s implicit bias and women’s career costs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 40 (2021): e2026308118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026308118.

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Why are women socially excluded in fields dominated by men? Beyond the barriers associated with any minority group’s mere numerical underrepresentation, we theorized that gender stereotypes exacerbate the social exclusion of women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workplaces, with career consequences. Although widely discussed, clear evidence of these relationships remains elusive. In a sample of 1,247 STEM professionals who work in teams, we tested preregistered hypotheses that acts of gendered social exclusion are systematically associated with both men’s gender stereotype

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Iles, Irina A., Anita Atwell Seate, and Leah Waks. "Eating disorder public service announcements." Health Education 116, no. 5 (2016): 476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-07-2015-0019.

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Purpose – Previous studies have documented that exposure to stereotypical information about certain social groups leads to unfavorable perceptions and feelings toward that group. Integrating insights from the mental illness stigma and the social identity perspective literatures, the purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of eating disorder public service announcements (ED PSAs) that employ stigma formats through the lenses of the stereotype content model (SCM) and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) Map. Design/methodology/approach – The study followed an exper

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Hsu, Cathy H. C., and Nan Chen. "Resident Attribution and Tourist Stereotypes." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 43, no. 4 (2019): 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348018823903.

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The value of attribution theory in explaining and predicting resident perceptions of/reactions toward tourists is underestimated by tourism scholars. This article critically analyses the evolution and underdevelopment of attribution theory, as well as the literature on tourist stereotypes which serve as heuristics that may bias attribution. Under the guidance of dual process theories, a comprehensive conceptual framework is developed to delineate the interactions between a three-step resident attribution process of encounters with tourists and tourist stereotypes’ activation, application/suppr

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