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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bias of assessments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ramineni, Chaitanya. "Rater contrast effects in performance assessments using the medical licensure examination." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 167 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654488081&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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2

Wandall, Birgitte. "Influences on toxicological risk assessments." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Filosofi och teknikhistoria, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4365.

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3

Hou, Wenliang. "How Accurate are Retirees' Assessments of Their Retirement Risk?:." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108826.

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Thesis advisor: Peter Ireland<br>Retirees with limited financial resources face numerous risks, including out-living their money (longevity risk), investment losses (market risk), unexpected health expenses (health risk), the unforeseen needs of family members (family risk), and even retirement benefit cuts (policy risk). This study systematically values and ranks the financial impacts of these risks from both the objective and subjective perspectives and then compares them to show the gaps between retirees’ actual risks and their perceptions of the risks in a unified framework. It finds that

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4

Wegener, Duane Theodore. "The flexible correction model : using naive theories of bias to correct assessments of targets." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1234615264.

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5

Matthews-López, Joy Lynn. "Best practices and technical issues in cross-lingual, cross-cultural assessments an evaluation of a test adaptation /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1082054025.

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6

Zhang, Feng. "Climate change assessment for the southeastern United States." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45770.

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Water resource planning and management practices in the southeastern United States may be vulnerable to climate change. This vulnerability has not been quantified, and decision makers, although generally concerned, are unable to appreciate the extent of the possible impact of climate change nor formulate and adopt mitigating management strategies. Thus, this dissertation aims to fulfill this need by generating decision worthy data and information using an integrated climate change assessment framework. To begin this work, we develop a new joint variable spatial downscaling technique for stat

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7

Hura, Geraldine M. "The Effects of Rater and Leader Gender on Ratings of Leader Effectiveness and Attributes in a Business Environment." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1134568571.

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8

Swafford, Marshall. "Assessment of references to agriculture in a middle grade science textbook." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4316.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 11, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.

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9

Randall, Chelsea V. "An Assessment of Therapist Attitudes Toward Polyamorous People." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1624528180682492.

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10

Ataya, Alia. "Assessment of cognitive bias in social alcohol users." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555655.

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Aims: The presence of cognitive bias towards drug-related cues is thought to play a pivotal role in the maintenance of substance use related psychopathologies. The aims of this thesis were to investigate 1) the presence of cognitive bias; 2) the effects of acute alcohol consumption (0.0 g/kg, 0.13 g/kg, 0.40 glkg) on the presence of cognitive bias; 3) whether lexical or pictorial cues are more effective in eliciting cognitive bias 4) whether the pictorial cue (active, passive) employed influences the presence of cognitive bias; 5) the psychometric properties of cognitive bias measurements (mod

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11

Dippenaar, Andre. "The Dangers of Speaking a Second Language: An Investigation of Lie Bias and Cognitive Load." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32623.

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Today's world is an interconnected global village. Communication and business transactions are increasingly conducted in non-native languages. Literature suggests that biases are present when communicating in non-native languages; that a truth bias is present in first language communication, and a lie bias in second language communication. Less than 10% of South Africa's population identifies with English, the lingua franca of the country, as a first language. Not much research in the presence of bias in second language communication has been published in the South African multi-lingual contex

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12

Shaw, Pamela. "Estimation methods for Cox regression with nonclassical covariate measurement error /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9544.

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13

Hall, Ritchie V. II. "The Role of Racial Bias in Family Assessment Measures." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243369253.

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14

Batistatou, Evridiki. "Optimal designs for cost-efficient assessment of exposure subject to measurement error." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:223498.

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In epidemiological studies of an exposure-response association, often only a mismeasured exposure is taken on each individual of the population under study. If ignored, exposure measurement error can bias the estimated exposure-response association in question. A reliability study may be carried out to estimate the relation between the mismeasured and true exposure, which could then be used to adjust for measurement error in the attenuated exposure-response relationship. However, taking repeated exposure measurements may be expensive. Given a fixed total study cost, a two-stage design may be a

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15

Mergelsberg, Enrique Laurent Paul. "An Investigation in Attention Bias Modification Training: Attention Bias Assessment, Acquisition and Change with the Dot-Probe Task." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/77426.

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Attention bias change can reduce anxiety vulnerability. The mechanisms that underlie attention bias assessment and training with the dot-probe task are unclear. This research project investigated the main stimulus-probe associative learning mechanism within the dot-probe task. It compared the attentional engagement and disengagement processes that underlie attention bias change using the dot-probe task and a gamified attention training task. The current work aids the understanding of successful attention bias assessment, acquisition and change.

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16

Bhuvanapalli, Shiv K. "Comparitive [sic] assessment of bit geometry and cutting parameters." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1713.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 81 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-75).

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17

Barboza, Marina. "The usefulness of the poreh nonverbal memory test for the assessment of response bias." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1529689005934252.

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18

Stoffle, Richard W., Vlack Kathleen A. Van, Hannah Johnspn, and Kristen Simmons. "Ethnography in Bits and Pieces in Social Assessments." University of Arizona Libraries, Special Collections, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301446.

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These four presentations were prepared for the Society for Applied Anthropology's annual meeting in 2012 in Baltimore, Maryland. These presentations present findings from the Solar PEIS Native American ethnographic study.<br>The Ethnographic Research team at BARA in the School of Anthropology, UofA has shifted to what we are calling “ethnography in bits and pieces” for situating American Indian cultural concerns. We wanted to provide essays that would more directly target the resources, places, and landscapes actually identified by tribal representatives during field work. We chose to negotiat

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19

Son, Min Hye. "Examining Rater Bias in Elicited Imitation Scoring: Influence of Rater's L1 and L2 Background to the Ratings." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2263.

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Elicited Imitation (EI), which is a way of assessing language learners' speaking, has been used for years. Furthermore, there have been many studies done showing rater bias (variance in test ratings associated with a specific rater and attributable to the attributes of a test taker) in language assessment. In this project, I evaluated possible rater bias, focusing mostly on bias attributable to raters' and test takers' language backgrounds, as seen in EI ratings. I reviewed literature on test rater bias, participated in a study of language background and rater bias, and produced recommendation

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20

De, Beer Este. "The influence of introversion/extraversion bias on leadership assessment with behaviour observation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23650.

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‘Survival of the fittest’ aptly describes the work environment. Employees and the organisations for which they work are therefore required to have various skills sets to afford them a competitive advantage in the job market. This is one of the many reasons why private and public organisations make use of the assessment center, and specifically the behaviour observation exercise to evaluate and select future personnel. Although the behaviour observation exercise provides the rater with rich information regarding a candidate’s skills, rater errors that are often inadvertent can result from a rat

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21

Ballion, Tatiana. "THE EFFECT OF GENDER, CONFIRMATION BIAS, AND METACOGNITIVE SELF ASSESSMENT OVER VARYING LEVELS OF EXPERTISE IN A VISUOSPATIAL TA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3658.

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It has been shown that there exists a relationship between levels of metacognitive ability and estimation of personal ability for largely verbally-based tasks, where those with lessened facility for the task tend toward overestimation of their aptitude relative to their peers (Kruger and Dunning, 1999). This study examines this effect for a task of mechanical ability for volunteer participants (n = 69), where participants were given an abbreviated form of the Bennett Mechanical Comprehension Test (BMCT) to establish a level of competency. Following the administration of the BMCT, the participa

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22

Rohrbacher, Heike. "Interpretation Bias in the Context of Depressed Mood: Assessment Strategies and the Role of Self-Generation in Cognitive Bias Modification." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-207298.

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Negatively biased interpretation has been hypothesized as an important factor in the aetiology and maintenance of depression. Recently developed cognitive bias modification paradigms, intending to change these biases towards a more optimistic interpretation tendency (CBM-I), seem to offer new promising implications for cognitive therapy innovation. Surprisingly, the increasing interest in the modifiability of interpretation bias is contrasted by a severe lack of methodological and measurement development studies. A review of current research revealed 1) a severe lack of psychometrically evalua

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23

Kelly, Jeremy MacLaren. "Exploring Retrospective Biases In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: An Experience-Sampling Study." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2212.

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Standard methods of assessment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) involve retrospective report of symptoms over a prior period of interest (e.g., a week, a month, etc.). However, such accounts may be subject to recall biases, leading to inaccurate assessments of symptoms. Recall biases present in two domains of symptom severity (distress and interference) were examined. The following study applied experience-sampling methods (ESM) to OCD symptom assessment. Using a modified form of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, twenty-one adults with a primary diagnosis of OCD rated distress

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24

Haupt, Genevieve Ruth. "The evaluation of the group differences and item bias of the English version of a standardised test of academic language proficiency for use across English and Xhosa first-language speakers." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9489_1297764429.

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<p>South Africa&rsquo<br>s Language-in-Education Policy is one of additive multilingualism, but in reality this policy is not adhered to, in that most black children are being educated through the medium of English from Grade 4. This type of instruction affects the development of academic language proficiency in their primary language, as these children are not engaging in cognitively demanding tasks in their primary or first language. The Woodcock Mu&ntilde<br>oz Language Survey (WMLS) is a test to assess academic language proficiency in Additive Bilingual Education, and is extensively used i

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25

Marshall, Matthew David Maceina Michael J. "Assessment of electofishing bias, angler exploitation, and a creel survey, and flathead catfish population assessment in Lake Wilson, Alabama." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/Marshall_Matthew_55.pdf.

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26

Pokhrel, Indira. "ANALYZING THE STREAMFLOW FOR FUTURE FLOODING AND RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER CMIP6 CLIMATE PROJECTION." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2785.

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Hydrological extremes associated with climate change are becoming an increasing concern all over the world. Frequent flooding, one of the extremes, needs to be analyzed while considering climate change to mitigate flood risk. This study forecasted streamflow and evaluated the risk of flooding in the Neuse River, North Carolina considering future climatic scenarios, and comparing them with an existing Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood insurance study (FIS) report. The cumulative distribution function transformation (CDF-t) method was adopted for bias correction to reduce the unce

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Omerovic, Aida. "Transforming registers:context and pupil writing at English 7." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36763.

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The aim of this essay was to investigate whether pupils with higher grades based on formative assessment were more successful at adapting informal texts into formal texts.Six pupils in English 7 were asked to write an informal blog entry about their favorite hobby/pastime and a formal entry also about their favorite hobby/pastime intended for an English encyclopedia. The pupils that were selected were assessed as havingformative grades A-E. The ability to transform informal into formal texts was assessedquantitatively by counting a number of lexical and grammatical features. The results showed

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28

Wang, Dandan. "Bias assessment and reduction for limited information estimation in general dynamic simultaneous equations models." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/98538/.

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Most of the literature which has considered the small sample bias of limited information estimators in simultaneous equation models has done so in the context of the static rather than the dynamic simultaneous equations model (DSEM). Therefore, an analysis of the performance of estimators in the general dynamic simultaneous equations case is timely and this is what is provided in this paper. By introducing an asymptotic expansion for the estimation errors of estimators, we are able to obtain bias approximations to order T−1. Following this we constructed bias corrected estimators by using the

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Soliday, Sharon Elise. "Cultural Bias in the Assessment of Phonological Processes in Conjunction with the APP-R." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4671.

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Normal phonological development is characterized by phonological processes in preschool children. These processes are sound error patterns, in relation to the adult target, that are expected within the speech of normally developing children. As children grow older, they "outgrow" these developmental errors. Within the black English dialect, speakers may use a combination of these processes and not be considered phonologically impaired within their linguistic community. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare phonological process usage in the speech of lower socioeconomic black and

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30

Boffo, Marilisa. "Implicit measurement at the service of mental health: assessment and intervention as the two sides of the same coin." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423753.

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Scientific research in psychology is intrinsically bound to the measurement of variables that are per nature highly complex, changeable, and most often unobservable. The design of measurement methods is mostly focused on the attempt to capture the main features of the psychological attribute of interest. The last fifteen years have seen a massive development and use of a new set of measurement instruments that go under the name of implicit measures, which accomplishes the primary goal of indexing psychological attributes interchangeably defined as automatic, uncontrollable, unconscious, impuls

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Lindeman, Suzanna Alison. "Assessment of Model Forecast Temperature Bias During Cold Air Damming in the Central Appalachian Mountains." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83476.

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Cold-air damming (CAD) is a prevalent Mid-Atlantic United States weather phenomenon that occurs when cold, dense air is dammed alongside the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Lower-than-normal maximum temperatures, increased and prolonged cloud cover, and precipitation that produces hazardous impacts are common features of this weather event, which are well known for presenting difficulties to both human forecasters and weather prediction models. This study explores CAD events between 2007 and 2016 archived in a Blacksburg National Weather Service ‘bust’ database – instances when fo

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Toan, Duong Duc. "Assessment of river discharge changes in the Indochina Peninsula region under a changing climate." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195976.

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Jefferies-Sewell, Kiri. "An exploration of barriers and facilitators to risk assessment in mental health professionals." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17109.

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The decisions made by Mental Health Professionals (MHPs) are of utmost significance for providing the highest quality care to service users. The assessment of risk is one of the pivotal processes that MHPs undertake frequently, as per government policy guidelines, and in order to safeguard patients and the public. Although Risk Assessment Proformas (RAPs) consume a proportion of MHP time and resources, very little research has been undertaken to address factors that might affect their most optimal utilisation in practice. Previous literature suggests that medical decisions, like decision makin

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Demir, Osman Koray. "Assessment Of Hand-type Hammer Drill Bits Under Percussive Loading." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608282/index.pdf.

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The task of a drill bit in percussive drilling is to transport the initial kinetic energy of the hammer to the workpiece in terms of stress waves. The efficiency of this transportation and the stresses that the drill bit is exposed to during the process is dependent on the nature of the stress waves. In hand-type hammer drilling, changing dimensions of the bit means changing conditions for the propagation and interaction of the stress waves. In this study, using finite element method, wave propagation and interaction in hand-type hammer drill bits is investigated with respect to drill bit dime

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Sun, Weimin. "Empirical comparison on performance of Ryan and Ritchken bound theories and assessment on pricing bias." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/MQ48184.pdf.

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36

Neave, Heather Whittaker. "Cognitive bias as a method of pain assessment following hot-iron dehorning of dairy calves." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45249.

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Pain is one of the most highly studied emotions in animals, and the interaction between pain and cognitive processes is well documented in humans. Recent research has attempted to use changes in cognitive processes as a method of assessing emotions of animals. This approach is based on the influence of mood states on attention to and interpretation of information. Studies with humans have shown that depressed or anxious people interpret ambiguous stimuli more negatively, while people in positive states have more optimistic interpretations. These judgement bias tasks have been applied in differ

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Handsel, Vanessa A. "Psychological variables in battered women's stay/leave decisions : risk-taking perceived control, and optimistic bias /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-1/handselv/vanessahandsel.pdf.

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38

Johnston, Kathleen. "The Actor's Self Serving Bias: An Exploration of Various Acting Techniques in the Creation of the Role of Kate in Dancing at Lughnasa." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/521.

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In psychology, the self-serving bias refers to a person's tendency to claim responsibility for his or her successes rather than failures. In acting, it takes on new meaning. The study of acting requires that the student use any source that will lead to his or her growth. The bias refers to this tendency towards self-betterment in the artistic process. This study is an attempt to document this process in my creation of the role of Kate in Dancing at Lughnasa. Included in the experiment are outlines of my basic process and the techniques I used to supplement it, how the creation of Kate fit in

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Jones, Peggy K. "A comparability analysis of the National Nurse Aide Assessment Program." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001752.

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Hartman, Jennifer S. "ARE CLINICIANS BIASED? THE ROLE OF CLIENT VARIABLES IN CLINICIAN ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998321388.

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Grubb, Henry Jefferson. "Intellectual assessment and prediction: an analysis of cultural involvement based on the culutrual-distance hypothesis." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52294.

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This paper explores socio-cultural factors which lead to group performance differences on IQ tests and learning tasks in an attempt to determine empirically if the Cultural-Distance Approach hypothesis is useful in accounting for these differences. The Cultural-Distance Approach, briefly stated, suggests that a sub-culture's distance from the major culture on which questions of a test are based and validated will determine that sub-culture's sub-score pattern. Results of the present study indicate that although Blacks and Whites perform similarly on-learning tasks, they perform differently on

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Refsland, Lucie Tuckwiller. "The use of attitudinal variables to reduce potential prediction bais [i.e. bias] of ACT mathematics test scores for non traditional-age students." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40144.

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Gilabert, Gallart Alba. "Assessment of the bias introduced by the automatisation of climate records combining climatological and metrological approaches." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401591.

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Des de l’últim terç del segle XX, les estacions meteorològiques automàtiques (AWS) han anat reemplaçant gradualment els sistemes d’observació manuals a nivell global. Aquesta transició té el potencial d’introduir biaixos sistemàtics (AWS biax) a les series climàtiques quan aquestes estan combinades amb mesuraments fets amb sistemes de mesura manuals (MAN) i constitueix un dels problemes més importants als quals s’enfronta la comunitat climàtica, ja que la qualitat i homogeneïtat de la majoria de registres globals es veu compromesa. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és la descripció estadística del b

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Greenberg, Ariela Caren. "Fighting Bias with Statistics: Detecting Gender Differences in Responses on Items on a Preschool Science Assessment." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/665.

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Differential item functioning (DIF) and differential distractor functioning (DDF) are methods used to screen for item bias (Camilli && Shepard, 1994; Penfield, 2008). Using an applied empirical example, this mixed-methods study examined the congruency and relationship of DIF and DDF methods in screening multiple-choice items. Data for Study I were drawn from item responses of 271 female and 236 male low-income children on a preschool science assessment. Item analyses employed a common statistical approach of the Mantel-Haenszel log-odds ratio (MH-LOR) to detect DIF in dichotomously scored

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Federer, Meghan Rector. "Investigating Assessment Bias for Constructed Response Explanation Tasks| Implications for Evaluating Performance Expectations for Scientific Practice." Thesis, The Ohio State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3731329.

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<p>Assessment is a key element in the process of science education teaching and research. Understanding sources of performance bias in science assessment is a major challenge for science education reforms. Prior research has documented several limitations of instrument types on the measurement of students' scientific knowledge (Liu et al., 2011; Messick, 1995; Popham, 2010). Furthermore, a large body of work has been devoted to reducing assessment biases that distort inferences about students' science understanding, particularly in multiple-choice [MC] instruments. Despite the above documente

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Erler, Antje. "Bias in retrospective assessment of perceived dental treatment effects when using the Oral Health Impact Profile." Springer International Publishing AG, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35213.

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Abstract Purpose Aim of this exploratory study was to investigate whether a retrospective assessment of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) is susceptible to bias such as implicit theory of change and cognitive dissonance. Methods In this prospective clinical study, a sample of 126 adult patients (age 17–83 years, 49% women) requiring prosthodontic treatment was consecutively recruited. The OHRQoL was assessed using the 49-item OHIP at baseline and at follow-up. Additionally, patients were asked at followup to retrospectively rate their oral

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Heery, Eliza Crenshaw. "The impact of bias in length frequency data on an age structured fisheries stock assessment model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32865.

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Statistical age-structured models are widely used in fisheries stock assessment. These models have been become increasingly complex over recent decades, allowing them to incorporate a larger variety of fisheries data. These typically include information regarding annual fishery yields, indices of abundance and catch composition data, which reflect the distribution of ages in the harvested population each year. In some fisheries, age composition can be determined annually through the examination of annuli on hard parts, such as otoliths or scales. These methods are, however, costly, time co

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Federer, Meghan Rector. "Investigating Assessment Bias for Constructed Response Explanation Tasks: Implications for Evaluating Performance Expectations for Scientific Practice." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374058610.

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49

Herrick, Laura Kathryn. "Same-sex schooling versus co-educational schooling and their effects on achievement, assessment and gender bias." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2009. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Herrick_LMITthesis2009.pdf.

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Locker, Taylor. "Testing a model of counselor bias in the assessment of and planning treatment for overweight clients." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025103.

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