Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bible – Histoire – 18e siècle'
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Ferrier, Béatrice. "La Bible à l’épreuve de la scène : la métamorphose du sacré dans l’histoire de Samson (1702-1816)." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_ferrier_b.pdf.
Full textThe numerous adaptations (on the stages theatrals and/or lyricals) of the biblical episode show a transformation of the conception of the Ancient Testament in eighteenth century. The corpus begins with canticles and cantatas then contains genres for entertaining : we play tragi-comedy at the Italian Theatre, parodies at the Fair, melodramas and pantomimes on boulevards theatres, puppets’ plays. We can add the Voltaire’s famous opera continued by oratorio, hierodrama or revolutionary chorus. The corpus is interesting because plays are linked with “intertextualité” which reveals a progressive distance from biblical “hypotexte”. This distance, on rewriting’s plan, result at a sense’s diversion, particularly with the displacement of Samson on Dalila – in conformity with the public’s taste – and with the ideas defended. Samson’s story is changed from Christian sense fixed by biblical exegetes to serve ideologies sometimes differents, event opposites, like deism or free-masonry. So, by leaving religious universe, Samson’s episode enters in secular world which it translates politics, spirituals and aesthetics preoccupations. Nevertheless, despite of holy’s loss because of the stage, the biblical episode doesn’t loose any sacred forms : it finds a new sacred with the scenic spectacle that becomes nearly a social ritual. Through Diderot’s theories and original natural language’s theories, we assist to the birth of a new sacred form particularly based on communion between men, based on social ritual. Consequently, we assist to a Christian holy’s metamorphosis in a secular sacred form like it exists in our modern society
Drouin, Sébastien. "Érudits, théologiens et libertins autour de l'exégèse allégorique à l'âge des lumières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24792/24792.pdf.
Full textBernier, Jean. "La critique du Pentateuque de La Peyrère à Calmet." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0112.
Full textThis thesis studies the Pentateuch's critique from the second half of the seventeenth century until the first decades of the eighteenth and is divided into four chapters. In the first one, the author tries to define the conditions, mostly intellectual, that allowed some critiques to question ancient conceptions related to the Pentateuch. Chapter two is about the author of the Pentateuch. It looks at the critique of Thomas Hobbes, Isaac La Peyrere, Baruch Spinoza, Richard Simon and Jean Le Clerc, at their efforts and ultimately their failures, to replace the old paradigm of the Pentateuch's composition. The third chapter focuses on the question of the Pentateuch's transmission. It traces the emergence of textual criticism around Louis Cappel, its development by Richard Simon and the arguments put forward by some to defend the Pentateuch's authenticity. Finally, the fourth chapter studies the accusation of imposture directed at Moses and the reactions it provoked
Larrivée, Dany. "DEO OMNIPOTENTI: Le cycle original des «Illustrations of the Bible» et la représentation du pouvoir divin d'après John Martin (1789-1854)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28457/28457.pdf.
Full textFernandez, Marina. "Les Wycliffite "Glossed Gospels" -commentaire hétérodoxe sur l'évangile de S. Luc- : travail d'édition et de transmission textuelle avec introduction, notes et glossaire." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT5022.
Full textFourquet-Gracieux, Claire. "Les Psaumes tournés en français (1650-1715)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/index.php?module=App&action=FrameMain&colname=ColGarnier&filename=CfxMS01.
Full textBetween 1650 and 1715, turning the Book of Psalms into French, whether in prose or verse, was very common while Catholic Church was still reluctant to translating Holy Bible. Moreover, these publications prioritised clarity and aesthetic appeal, alike popular mode of fairly free translation, known as belles infidèles. Biblical style, however, had always been considered separately from classical rhetoric, and held to be free from its structures. What form of elocutio, then, can be ascribed to the French versions of the psalms ? The definition of this distinctive elocutio relies on three elements. The first one consists of the constraints imposed by the Council of Trent upon translators and readers of the Bible, and upon the choice of source-text, since these restrictions governed every biblical translation. Secondly, a reflexion above biblical translation mechanism reveals some peculiarities. On the one hand, translators often borrowed from pre-existing French translations, especially those of Port-Royal, instead of dealing purely with Latin or Hebrew of the Scriptures. On the other hand, the traditional procedure of word-by-word rendering was abandoned in favour of a grammatical translation and of a paraphrase. This development reflected a growing confidence in French. Finally, French psalms explored the boundary between translation and rewriting, and between sacred and secular language. These texts made use of secular styles familiar to the reader in order to attract him, leaving biblical inventio to convert him afterwards. That is what we called the insinuatio thought
Bouabda-Chaari, Houda. "Les sources judai͏̈ques et chrétiennes dans "al-Fiṣal" d'Ibn Ḥazm : présentation et étude critique." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030024.
Full textThe scholar of the medieval Muslim world (Vth/XIth century) of al-Andalus, is Abû Muhammad 'Alî Ibn Hazm. In his treatise of religions and sects al-Fisal, Ibn Hazm seeks to convince some muslims, who belief in the historical rectitude of the jews and christians Books, that those Books are corrupted (Fisal I, p : 317-318). His commentary in this treatise is based essentially on the refutation of a large nomber of passages from the Torah and the Gospels. In the present work the detailed analysis of the parts dealing with the study of judaisme and christianity in the Fisal, allows us to approach to the critical of Ibn Hazm's method, and to see on him a real initiator of the critical text rather than a polemist, as it is often said about him
Lebedev, Andreï. "Philarète de Moscou : la parole d'un svjatitel' au dix-neuvième siècle en Russie." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0109.
Full textPhilarete, the metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna (1783 (1782 according to the Julian calendar) - 1867) civil name : Vasilij Mixailovic Drozdov) was one of the most influential figures in the Russian Orthodox Church during it's Synodal Period. Already in his lifetime Philaret was recognized as svjatitel', a hierarch who achieved the ecclesiastical model of bishophood through his service. This service is understood as being closely link to the word. Hence the interest of the author of the present thesis in the writings of Philaret, as well as in his commentaries in the book of Genesis, on the manifestation of the divine word described in the first book of Pentateuch, and in two imperial manifestos written by Philaret: the manifesto of 16 august 1823 on the succession of the throne signed by Alexander I, and the manifesto of 19 February 1861 on the abolition of serfdom signed by Alexander II
Deschaumes, Bernadette. "La quête identitaire du sujet lyrique dans les trois premiers recueils de Pedro Salinas ("Presagios", "Seguro azar" et "Fabula y signo")." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20017.
Full textVolpe, Tony. "Science et théologie dans les débats savants de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle : la Genèse dans les Philosophical Transactions et le Journal des Savants (1665-1710)." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE5017.
Full textIn the 17th century, in the « Republic of Letters », the communication was facilitated by the foundation in 1665 of both first scientific periodicals: Journal des Savants in Paris and Philosophical Transactions on London. A statistical analysis in the fields of the astronomy, mathematics and physics, from 1665 until 1710, shows that both periodicals underwent a divergent evolution. Then their comparative study, through connections between the Genesis and the science, allows to analyse the difference between the French and English erudite circles in the reception of the works and in the perception of the ideas expressed there
Caetano, Marie-Laurentine. ""Moy qui suis, ô Dieu, ton humble chanteresse" : anthologie de la poésie spirituelle et féminine du XVIe siècle en français." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20028.
Full textThis anthology gathers spiritual poems written by women from the sixteenth century, suggesting a new way of discovering the poetry from the Renaissance ; indeed, we have chosen texts written by women in preference to texts written by men which have usually been strongly emphasized throughout literary history, and also by choosing the spiritual inspiration which is different from the much better-known romantic Petrarchan inspiration. We have made a selection among Catholic works as well as reformed works, in order to show what the sixteenth century French spiritual life really was. We have added a study of the corpus to our anthology in order to justify our choice and to clear up the different important points in women's way of writing, this idea of spirituality and the use of the different forms of poetry, while mentioning research results at the same time, taking into account the most significant progress which has been made concerning the publishing of women's works
Underbrink, Mary Clare. ""Le traité des autre mariages" de Jeanne Chézard de Matel (1596-1670) : vers une spiritualité de l'incarnation." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30049/document.
Full textThis work is presented in three parts: a critical edition of the “Treatise on the Four Marriages” of Jeanne Chézard de Matel (Roanne 1596 – Paris 1670), a historical-Theological analysis of the treatise, and an exploration of the theological questions on the Incarnation raised in this treatise, giving rise to an incarnational spirituality. The edition of the text presents research on the life of the author (a mystic from the region of Lyon, foundress of the Order of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament), her milieu, her sources, her writings, and her theology, as well as research on the history of the treatise (the manuscript, date of composition, copyist, relationship with the “Treatise on the Three Marriages”, and the sources of its content). The second part analyzes the treatise according to two themes: the reading of Scripture and spiritual marriage. The analysis, keeping in mind the treatise’s historical context and sources, seeks to open a theological reflection on the issues raised in the treatise. The third part puts Jeanne Chézard de Matel in dialogue with contemporary theologians, taking as a common point the current reader’s experience. The study explores the relationship between time and eternity and between Creation, Incarnation and Salvation. The work culminates with the presentation of a spirituality of the Incarnation, understood as an eternal and salvific union of love which binds all humans together with each other and with God
Kosmatou, Eftychia. "La population des Iles Ioniennes (18e-19e siècle)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010503.
Full textCastagnet, Hervé. "Le vieillard au 18ème siècle." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M220.
Full textSeriu, Naoko. "Faire un soldat : une histoire des hommes à l'épreuve de l'institution militaire (XVIIIe s.)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0026.
Full textEntering into a vast movement of reforms in the second half of the XVIIIth century, the French army demonstrates its willingness to shape soldiers. Our analysis will first focus on this institution's new concern that appears in the opinions of officers. Debates about desertion, rewards or drill pave the way for a new line of separation between deserter and soldier, whose esteem has to be enhanced, and whose body has to be straightened up. When an individual enlists, what trials will he undergo to meet the norms and get accepted in this new worls? The cross-questionings of deserters allow us to analyze military life from the point of view of the individuals. Hierarchical violence, separation from family, conflicts with comrades are as many patterns generating the sufferong of soldiers. Speeches on soldiers, speeches from soldiers are echoing to shed light on the running of the institution
Rey, Christine. "État des connaissances médicales au XVIIIème siècle." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11147.
Full textLeduc-Fayette, Denise. ""La clef de Job", Pascal : la liberté le mal." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040169.
Full textThe purpose: restitute the augustinian Pascal to his specific atmosphere, the bible. The whole of his writings is decrypted in constant reference with the biblical "fore-text", on the horizon of courter-reform and port-royalist translation of the bible. The Pensées must be readed like a palimpsest of the book, and especially of the book of Job, according to a metonymy. The same apocalyptic structure can be detected in the bible, its monad, the famous poem of the Old Testament and the apology. Job is the "peg" of its moving architecture, in the double parallel between him and Salomon or Moses. The main point is that job, as figure of Christ, according to the traditional spiritual exegesis, gives the "key" of mystery of evil Pascal stands clear of theodicies, and his job's lecture is radically different from the later interpretations which will consider the man of Hus as a challenger of god. The answer is religious. It reverberates only the dogma. The sacrificial theology of the author, inseparable of his conception of surnatural temporality brings to light the catharsis of evil
Baby, Luc. "Le marché de la carrosserie à Paris dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle à travers les "affiches annonces et avis divers" : l'approche d'une industrie de luxe, de corps de métiers variés, de la société, et des rapports avec les carrossiers des pays européens." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30057.
Full textThe success of the carriage market in the second half of that century in Paris can, in part, and despite its limitations, be put down to advertising by posters “Affiches de Paris”. This de luxe product made up of new designs and some good fortune, continued its upward progression during those times when the ‘Elite’ were growing richer and the soft top (cabriolet) coach was being developed, only to be followed by total collapse of the industry at the commencement of the French Revolution. The manufacture was the subject to German imports and influences followed by English and also Italian and Belgian ideas. Its export business was founded on the excellent reputation of French coach bodywork builders. This market covered all types of coaches which were appropriate to demands made by social lifestyles, safety, gracefulness and encompassed the latest fashion. Buyers and sellers over the years have included everyone from kings and other royalty to the newly wealthy middle classes. It is a product made by specialist tradesmen and master craftsmen who since 1770 have developed highly specialist workshops. This market has witnessed the evolution of a luxury product into a badge of honour of the decorative arts (or art-deco)
Bernez, Marie-Odile. "La médecine et son image en Grande-Bretagne : 1700-1755." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL020.
Full textThis thesis uses an interdisciplinary approach to examine the structure of the medical world and the development of theory and therapeutic practices in Great-Britain at the beginning of the eighteenth century, as well as how doctors, diseases and remedies are represented in the works of Fielding and Hogarth and in the Gentlman's magazine. Concentrating particularly on the medical writing of Cheyne and Mead, Chambers' Cyclopaedia and the Philosophical transactions, and on major illnesses, such as small pox, consumption, syphilis, hysteria and scurvy
Viellard, Stéphane. "Le proverbe en Russie (XVIIIe siècle) : espace discursif et enjeu idéologique." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31002.
Full textEldem, Edhem. "Le commerce français d'Istanbul au XVIIIème siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10006.
Full textHeichette, Michel. "Sociabilité et sensibilités collectives au XVIIIème siècle : l'exemple du Pays Sabolien." Le Mans, 2002. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2002/2002LEMA3008_1.pdf.
Full textDepeyre, Michel. "Tactiques et stratégies navales de la France et du Royaume-Uni, de 1690 à 1815." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040190.
Full textFrom 1690 to 1815, france was regularly defeated at sea, while england was reinforcing her own power. Paradoxically, france' approach to naval tactics at the time was the most brilliant in europe, as expressed in the training of young officers. As to england, she moved away from such theoretical concerns and remained faithful to pratical training. How to explain the paradox ? the present thesis is based on these premises statement and tries to meet the paradox by analysing the treaties on tactics at sea in both countries. In the first part, we shall study the authors and their textbooks in a historical perspective; there will be three main periods : that of the initiators of the tactics (1690-1760), the climax (1770-1789), then the stagnation together with the discovery of new approaches to naval strategy (17891815). In the third part, we shall consider the method of the authors (in terms of pedagogy, the part of geomery and history, and so on) an we shall further develop two leading thems : the concept of tactics and the outlines of the strategic approach. The latter will be seen to develop in france in terms of abstract tactics, partly imitated in england by two authors. France, being inferior at sea, vainly tried to compensate with technological discoveries; the french also believed in tactical improvements developing a theory based on reason, also much influenced by contemporary esthetic concerns (there is for instance a similarity between court ballets and the evolutions of vessels). As for the english, they had a more c0ncrete approcah of tactics - yet with a sense of efficiency which accounts for such victories as trafalgar
Aguiar, de Freitas Inès. "Pour une histoire naturelle de la géographie. Les voyageurs-naturalistes français au Brésil au siècle des Lumières." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040098.
Full textThe fundamental aim of this thesis is to show that the modern geography find its roots in the natural history, in the 18th century. In order to prove it we took as example the French scientists travelers in Brazil during this time. The work of these teams of scientists, collectors, and illustrators displayed three features of decisive significance for the formation of geography as a distinctly modern, avowedly "objective" science: a concern for realism in description, for a systematic classification in collection, and for the comparative method in explanation. But the scientific project represented by naturalist's travels may not have seen as simple as that: naturalists didn't confine themselves to plants and animals. They also took a keen interest in peoples. And the extension of these scientific methods of observation, classification and comparison to peoples and societies had made the modern geography's subject possible. A new geography was born
Gouger, Lina. "Le peuplement colonisateur de Détroit, 1701-1765." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28594.
Full textKury, Lorelai Brilhante. "Civiliser la nature : histoire naturelle et voyages (France, fin du XVIIIe siècle - début du XIXe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0085.
Full textStarting with the enlightenment, the histoire naturelle was characterized by the emphasis on the utility of nature. Within this context, botany, zoology and agriculture were seen as crucial disciplines in the development of civilization as well immediately relevant to the happiness of mankind. The search for exotic natural products thus mobilized considerable individual and institutional efforts. The parisian museum d'histoire naturelle played a key role in the studies of nature carried on in france : there, exotic natural products became part of a universal system of knowledge, thanks to their orderly disposition and the acknowledgement of their utility. Often carrying with them detailed instructions, naturalists left their country with the hope of finding extraordinary plants living in privileged countries. Voyages did however constitute a highly heterogenous enterprise, differing in motivation, execution and outcome. The voyage, as perceived by contemporaries, represented the intellectual and physical conquest of the world involving science, utopia, personal gain, public utility and adventure. Back to france, the chimera of the acclimatisation of exotic plants indicated the hope of overcoming the geographical limitations imposed upon living beings, thus submitting nature to civilization
Adnani, Jillali el. "Entre hagiographie et histoire, les origines d'une confrérie musulmane maghrébine : la Tijâniyya (1781-1880)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10046.
Full textThe strategy of the founder of the tijaniyya fits in the mouvement of the brotherhood legacy and is placed among what could be called fruit ful of wave maghreb saints from the xiii th and xix centuries : ahmad b. Idris (m. 1837), al-'arbi al-darqawi(m. L839) et muhammad b. 'ali al-sanusi (m. 1859). In order to study the origins of the tijaniyya brotherhood and its spreading, the prevailing socio-economic, political and cultural framework of its birth must be taken into consideration. We would like to suggest that : without ahmad al-tijani's constrained de parture from 'ayn-madi the brotherhood would not have been created, it would not have been built there if its opponents had not been hunted out; nor would it have met with a favorable reception in morocco without the opposition of the other brotherhoods to the sultan m. Sulayman (1792-1822). This introduction aims at clarifying those various points together with suggesting leading lines and calling fresh perspectives. The founder character consisted of a jurist, a saint, also of thaumaturge and the connaisseur of alchemy and magical science. His brotherhood soole also doctrinal colourations and contraditory political positions, during his settlements between algeria and morocco, and after the frensh conquest. It is noted that the tijani-s of tlemcen, know for the mahdists ideas, organised insurrections in the region of tlemcen and close to the algerian-moroccan frontiers thus promise frensh expulsion untill the last man, then the tijani-s of 'ayn-madi and tamasin would form an alliance with the colonial administration. How does one explain the polyvalence of this brotherhood that decared itself superior to other tariqa-s and its founder declared himself to be the seal of saints ?
Ishikawa, Yumiko. "L'opéra-ballet des Indes galantes (1735) aux Fêtes d'Hébé (1739)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040279.
Full textThis thesis aims to study eight consecutive French opera-ballets from les Indes galantes (1735) to Les Fêtes d'Hébé (1739). The history of this type of lyrical work between 1695 and 1773 culminates in a significant quantity of creative works, on the one hand, and the standardization of a model-type, on the other. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first one examines what "opera-ballet" is, in comparison with the other forms: "tragédie lyrique", "fragments". This first section traces its evolution and its basic traits. The second focuses on the literary aspects of opera-ballet: librettos, librettists and the dramatic scenarios of eight works. The third section deals with the musical aspects of opera-ballet: scores, composers and styles. This study consequently establishes that there are three periods in the history of opera-ballet, of which the second, the only one concerned here, represents its model-type, the most common, that the standardization of a model and the wide range of subjects coexist in this period and, lastly, that the musical particularity exists in the frequent use of the mesured rhythm in recitatives and in the danse rhythms used in the song "airs", vocal ensembles and "symphonies"
Napoli, Paolo. "La "police" en France à l'âge moderne (XVIIIe-XIXe siècle) : histoire d'un mode de normativité." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA066.
Full textNières, Claude. "Les villes en Bretagne au 18e siècle : conditions et formes du développement urbain." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040068.
Full textA sequel to a series of studies on various French towns, this volume represents an effort to approach urban studies in a new light. The author works out a new definition of the concept of 'town'. Towns are considered as a network of interrelated elements, not as disconnected units. Demographic and economic importance, commercial, administrative, cultural, religious and military roles determine the place of each town in one or several organic wholes. The work focuses on 18th century Brittany; with its 'states provincial' it is a maritime province on the border of France, whose urban population decreases in the course of the century while new towns are created. The study shows that the decline, stagnation or growth of each city, its social evolution, the changes in the urban landscape depend on the economic situation of the province, as well as on the state's policy. Besides, every city's history also depends on how its governing body and its inhabitants respond to these two forces
Tésio, Stéphanie. "Pharmacie et univers thérapeutique en Basse-Normandie et dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent au XVIIIe siècle : praticiens, organisation, pratiques : une étude comparative." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29501.
Full textBrouillet, Pascal. "La Maréchaussée dans la généralité de Paris au XVIIIe siècle (1718-1791) : étude institutionnelle et sociale." Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE4033.
Full textPitou, Frédérique. "Métiers et boutiques à Laval au XVIIIe siècle : place du groupe des marchands, artisans et ouvriers dans une ville textile." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMAA001.
Full textChin, Man-Yi. "Amitié féminine et écriture épistolaire au XVIIIe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0045.
Full textThis thesis on women's friendship such it could be lived at the XVIIIth century in its connection with epistolary writing practice. It proposes to consider the women of the Enlightenment, for those at least for which we still do have written works, like users and actors of the written culture, in this case through their use of the friendship notion in their relations practices and their construction of cultural identity, their appropriation of the memoria of "learned friendship", their romantic writtings bringing into play the women's friendship correspondence and their epistolary exchanges within a long time friendship. Thus this memoria, in our work, establish a central concept for the friendship study as a common inheritance set up by well-read men but where others could have come to draw
Nuel, Martine. "La préface dans le roman français de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040050.
Full textFlorenty, Guy. "La population de Nevers du début du XVIIIe siècle au début du XIXe siècle : une capitale provinciale et sa population." Bordeaux 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR3ET16.
Full textLarriba, Elisabel. "Le public de la presse en Espagne à la fin du XVIIIe siècle (1781-1808)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10043.
Full textMaire, Catherine. "De la cause de Dieu à la cause de la Nation : le jansénisme au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0039.
Full textThe thesis tries to identify the specificity of the hansenist movement in the XVIIIth century viewing in all its course, from the Unigenitus Bull in 1713 until the civilian constitution of the clergy in 1790, through the episode of the "convulsions" and parliamentary battles of the second half of the century. The leading thread of this story, the fundamental element which gives it unity is constituted by figurism. Figurism is a method of exegesis and theology of history the inspiration of which can be found at the root of all expressions and transformations of the movement. The thesis is organised in three books which correspond to the three key phases of the study. The first book is an analysis of the rebirth both doctrinal and organisational of the jansenist party caused by the Unigenitus Bull, particularly under the form of a clandestine bookshop. The second replaces the emerging of the movement of the convulsionaries from the angle of the figurist acculturation of the people of the faithful. The third book is an attempt, finally, to elucidate the enigma constituted by the political transfiguration of jansenism within the parliamentary battle after the crisis of the refusals of the sacraments. The first part in this process is hold by the figurist barrister and partisan of the convulsions Louis-Adrien La Paige, of whom we establish the omnipresent activity of "éminence grise". But figurist filiation does not stop there : it goes on until french revolution, where it can be seen at work during the debate on the civilian constitution of the clergy as much as in the attempt of rebuilding the constitutional church under the Directoire It is through it that jansenism has been able to shift from the defence of the "cause of God" to the defence of the "cause of the nation"
Lévy, André. "Brest et les brestois (1720-1789) : étude d'une croissance urbaine au XVIIIe siècle." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES1006.
Full textAfter a particularly noteworthy expansion during the second half of the 17th century, brest went on growing in the 18th century ; it had more than 20000 inhabitants around 1720 and nearly 35000 in 1789. This growth, as in most towns, can be explained by the immigration coming from the bordeaux area, normandy, the paris region, but also from the east of france, of perhaps soldiers settling in the town and occupying jobs little valued by bretons. The whole economical activity is centered upon the naval dockyard as the town is indubitably dominated by ship-building ; in 1789 more than 5000 people were working there whereas the independent craftsmen were fewer than 1000. So, more than half of the inhabitants of the town belonged to the secondary sector-the arsenal was acting as the great royal manufactures and its workers were beginning to become proletarians-. Brest is a new town, a french colony in breton land, but is also a town of th old regime ; some of its typical features can be found in it. Men seem to get married as late as in the other french towns, at 28 years old at least ; however, women might have got married before the age of 25, which is comparatively young for that time. As to fertility, it corresponds to that of other breton women. The most important thing, however, is the obsessing presence of death in a town in which numerous epidemics will mark the whole century and in which the infantile mortality in recouvrance was over 250 00 at the end of the century. It was also a poor town and more and more inhabitants were required to pay the taxes : if the population has increased of 60% , the number of taxpayers has increased of more than 70% - the poorer a town is, the more the poor have to pay-. Also a bourgeoisie appears, ruled by the world of trade. It numbered hardly more than 1% in 1720 and exceeded 4% in 1789. It was a real caste capable of defining its own projects (testified by some memoirs such as those of siviniant) , and capable of mastering a space which, thanks to choquet de lindu, had assumed a look which could then appear permanent
Bacconnier, Brigitte. "Cent ans de librairie au siècle des Lumières : les Duplain." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/garaud-bacconnier_b.
Full textGaveau, Fabien. "L'ordre aux champs : histoire des gardes champêtres en France de la Révolution française à la Troisième République : pour une autre histoire de l'Etat." Dijon, 2005. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/147f36a5-141c-49c9-b173-24a526c36fb0.
Full textConstituants and Thermidorians defined the rural police. Implanted in each commune, it depends there on the rural policeman, agent of a public authority. From 1789 to the end of the Second Empire, the defence of the property, harvests and the law were based on this employee, who was the first of a new hierarchy attached to the Parisian offices. However, never this function manages to become a real profession. As this job is too badly paid, it's difficult to be practiced. Rural policemen are villagers placed between the notables and the administration, the landowners and the landless people, the farmers and the users of rural goods, the law and the customs, the justice and the police. The sources of conflicts are numerous. However, these employees were the principal actors of the unification normative of the French countries. Finally, the study of the rural policemen makes visible the methods of appearance of the contemporary centralized State. The aim of this work is to demonstrate all this
Bois, Jean-Pierre. "Les anciens soldats dans la societe francaise au 18e siecle." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040071.
Full textFollowing the foundation of the royal hotel des invalides in 1670, a new policy is introduced in the 18th century in favour of the veteran soldiers ; the most important decision of it is the creation, in 1764, of the invalidity pensions, replaced in 1776 by military awards, grounteds by special favour after 24 years of service, of which roughly 25 000 men take advantage at the end of the ancien regime. The military pension, related to the seniority and rank, becomes in 1790 a right, to which the revolution adds a grading of the invalidity pensions. Considerable progress compared to the total neglect of the previous centuries, the royal hotel and the pensions help the rehabilitation of the veteran soldiers in the civil society. For some, it is a social mutation, the establishment in the town, with a little craftsmen, trade or office job. Mor often, it becomes a real retirement, idle and honorable, accepted all the more easily that it goes with a marked improvement of the veterans behaviours. The respect and trust showd to them, thence contribued to the improvement of the army's image in the public opinion in the 18th century
Dubois, Pierre. "L'orgue dans la société anglaise au XVIIIème siècle : éthique et esthétique de la modération." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040200.
Full textPellae-Bougnol, Florence. "Le Carnaval de Venise au 18e siècle : solennités, fêtes et divertissements de la place publique." Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA130410.
Full textThe carnival of venice, in the eighteenth century, is closely linked to the image of the gallant city conveyed by the writers and painters of the time. But the evolution of the feast, as centuries went by, shows that there is another type of relation between the carnival and the city. In the thirteenth century, the carnival is spontaneous and violent. As early as the sixteenth century, it is part of the institutions of the town and progresses a lot until the end of the eighteenth century. The games are arranged in well-ordered spectacles and the carnival, which becomes the lists of popular struggles, turns into the favourite field of politics. The use of the myth of venice, more particularly when receiving famous guests, indicates that the carnival is henceforth an affair of the state, a propaganda concern which tends to glorify the powers that be. It is this relation between the power and the feast that we have tried to define in all its bearings : the integration of the carnival to the official venitian calendar, the description of the events and the organization of the feast. In the administrative field, the analysis of official documents, allows to estimate the part played by the state in the financial care of the feast, the way it works, the supervision of order and morals. It has been possible to set the problem of the statute of the carnival in the society and to see to what extent, the feast, while obtaining the masses' favours, was able to serve the purposes of an aristocracy who withheld the spiritual and temporal
Pietrasik, Vanessa. "La satire en Allemagne à la fin du XVIIIe siècle : entre critique et subjectivisme." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0008.
Full textChaline, Olivier. "L'Aristocratie parlementaire normande au XVIIIe siècle : un système de représentations : Godart de Belbeuf ou le parfait magistrat." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0069.
Full textThe study of this system representations allows a new approach of the very often criticized world of eighteenth-century parlement officers. The ideal of the perfect magistrat, created during the sicteenth-century struggles, and uniting service to the king, dignity of justice, and catholic fidelity, was always highly respected in the senat de normandie under louis xv. The procureur general, whose exceptionally rich papers lead to an analysis of his action and ideas, illustrates this fact, even though this very ideal, reinterpreted by other magistrates, led to a severe criticism of absolute monarchy. As a guardian of cohesion in a changing profession, this ideal had to face the expectations and reactions of the society in normandy, the region that godart de belbeuf had in charge. He was a staunch supporter of his own brand of christian enlightenment. However the gallican struggles, linked to the unigenitus bull, progressively turned the king's servants into provisional representatives of the nation
Giral, Gisela. ""Supplient très humblement-- We humbly beg--" : les pétitions collectives et le développement de la sphère publique au Québec, 1764-1791." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30084/30084.pdf.
Full textThis thesis examines the contribution of collective petitions to the development of Quebec's public sphere in the second half of the eighteenth century. It examines these using the concepts of public, public sphere, public opinion, and spaces of sociability. The study is based on a detailed analysis of some 278 collective petitions from the establishment of civil government in 1764 until the creation of the parliamentary system in 1791. In the absence of traditional representative institutions, collective petitioning to colonial authorities became an essential tool for influencing political and administrative decisions. A long-standing practice in England but rare in New France, collective petitioning allowed for the participation of a broad swathe of the colony's population in the colonial public sphere: old and new subjects, men and women, elites and ordinary people.
Kim, Joseph Ung-Tai. "L'expérience religieuse coréenne dans la première annonce du message chrétien : "le Seigneur du Ciel" comme "précompréhension" de la notion chrétienne de Dieu." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040306.
Full textSantoro, Massimiliano. "Le Temps des maîtres : mythes, idéologies, mentalités, doctrines, pour une histoire de l'imaginaire colonial d'Ancien Régime." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0016.
Full textMuch more the history of political imaginary than the history of the events this essai search out the relationship between fiction and reality political imaginary and social context even if an historical narration of french colonial and forces traced by lawyers defenders and landsowners is the obliged point of reference for any analysis of power's structures in colonies. The confronting of real white power on blaks and their imaginary power is obli ged. The difficulty to overcome the mass of slaves oblige colons to build up an ideological sophistry that will be dramatically paid during french revolution. Once more ancien regime and revolution will encounter each other in the case of frech caribbean slavery. This work wich cannot solve a question tries to analyse powers relations betwenn whites and blacks throught the image that the metropolis has of his colonies and the colons have of themselves. More than a conclusion,this research is an introduction to an history of colonial political imaginary of ancien regime france which has to be done
Zhang, Qianru. "Claude Villaret, témoin de l’évolution du roman libertin du 18e siècle." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080139.
Full text: Between 1736 and 1738, Crébillon fils composed Les égarements du coeur et de l’esprit. In 1740, Gervaise de Latouche published Le portier des chartreux. Today, we consider them both as libertine novels, not without a certain delicate embarrassment. There is no doubt that studies devoted to the libertine novel during two recent decades have allowed contemporary researchers to extend and clarify the definition of the genre, so that classifying the two novels in the same genre no longer makes problems; however, their difference in the content and in the form seems enormous to us. Actually, the libertine novel evolved perpetually in the 18th century. Two currents, each representing on its own mondain libertinism and licentious libertinism, formed and coexisted. Thus, we can’t help asking the following question: why did this division take place within the libertine novel? Chronologically, the 1740s constituted an important period of the libertine novel’s evolution. And Villaret wrote his novels precisely in this period. As a witness of this transition moment, Villaret erases, with his four novels, the demarcation between these two currents. In his novels, on the one hand, the protagonist’s social status is sometimes ambiguous, balancing between elite and common people, and a decent and veiled language is used here and there to describe a commoner protagonist; on the other hand, his description of desire also balances between suggestive allusions and bare terms. By studying Villaret’s novels, we will better understand this crucial moment in the libertine novel’s evolution, the reasons, the forms and the process of this evolution. In this way, we can also discover the multiple ties formed between the two divergent currents, so that Les égarements du coeur et de l’esprit is not as far from Le portier des chartreux as we believe