Journal articles on the topic 'Biblioteca botanica'

Here, we reconstruct the history of the Botanic Garden of Brera of Milan from the Restoration of the Austrian Empire up to the early years of the Kingdom of Italy, when in 1863 the garden passed hands from the Liceo di Sant’Alessandro to the Istituto Tecnico Superiore of Milan. The reconstruction is based mostly on unpublished documentation preserved at the Archivio di Stato of Milan, the Biblioteca Braidense of Milan, the libraries of the Museo di Storia Naturale of Milan and the Archivio di Stato of Milan, the Archivio del Liceo Classico Statale Cesare Beccaria of Milan, the historical archives of the Politecnico of Milan, the Biblioteca di Biologia Vegetale, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, University of Turin, the Autografoteca Botanica of the Botanical Garden of the University of Modena, and the library of the Botanical Garden of the University of Padova. Overall, the period was one of slow decline for the Botanic Garden of Brera, against which successive directors – namely, Antonio Bodei, Francesco Enrico Acerbi, Giuseppe Balsamo Crivelli, Vincenzo Masserotti and Giustino Arpesani – combatted in vain. In particular, Balsamo Crivelli fought with great passion for many years to keep the level of the Botanic Garden of Brera at a satisfactory level, but he did not achieve the desired aim. However, he complied a partial list of the garden’s plants, of which an updated version is presented here.

Il saggio illustra, la storia dell’Orto di Brera e della sua funzione come strumento didattico per la cattedra di botanica del Ginnasio, dal 1802 Liceo, di Brera nel periodo compreso tra la fine della dominazione asburgica e l’intero periodo napoleonico. Esso si fonda su una documentazione per la massima parte inedita conservata nelle seguenti istituzioni: Biblioteca Braidense di Milano, Archivio di Stato di Milano, Biblioteca del Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, Archivio di Stato di Pavia, Accademia delle Scienze di Torino; Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Biblioteca dell’Orto botanico dell’Università di Padova, Bibliothèque Centrale du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle di Parigi.<br />La prima parte del lavoro è dedicata al periodo che va dall’entrata in attività dell’Orto (1777) alla conduzione di Ciro Pollini (1805-1807) e si incentra in particolare sul legame tra la scelta delle piante dell’Orto, per lo più officinali, e l’insegnamento ai medici e ai farmacisti.<br />Si passa quindi alla ricostruzione del lavoro svolto dal custode Filippo Armano che diede all’Orto una nuova fisionomia, introducendo piante ornamentali, esotiche e rare, e che redasse il primo Catalogo (1812) di cui si presenta una lista degli aggiornamenti nomenclaturali.<br />Viene infine illustrata la figura del direttore Paolo Sangiorgio che resse l’Orto per tutto il periodo napoleonico, opponendosi alla concezione di Armano e applicandosi con forte impegno alla didattica.

Abstract<title> RIASSUNTO </title>Si descrive un codice illustrato (ca. 1590), donato dal re Filippo II a Honorato Pomar, professore di medicina botanica all'Università di Valencia, e ora conservato nella biblioteca della stessa universita. Tale codice contiene 218 acquarelli di piante e animali del Vecchio Continente e provenienti dalla spedizione nelle Americhe di Hernandez (1571-1577). Inoltre, l'articolo si sofferma brevemente sull'interesse di Filippo II per la storia naturale, sulla spedizione di Hernandez e sulla cattedra di botanica medica all'universita di Valencia nel corso del sedicesimo secolo. Infine, si discute dell'identita dell'autore delle illustrazioni e dei testi del codice, con particolare riferimento a Honorato Pomar e a <?CTRLerr type="1" mess="Doute Cars isoles avec recollage" ?>Jacopo Ligozzi, un pittore della corte fiorentina durante il regno di Francesco I.

Il saggio ricostruisce, sulla base di documenti per la massima parte inediti raccolti nell’Archivio di Stato di Milano, nella Biblioteca di Brera di Milano, nella Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, nel Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano e nell’Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, la storia della fondazione e dei primi decenni di attività dell’Orto, annesso alla cattedra di Botanica del Ginnasio di Brera, alla quale venne chiamato nel 1774 il padre vallombrosano Fulgenzio Vitman. La prima parte del lavoro descrive le operazioni materiali compiute per l’allestimento dell’Orto. Segue la descrizione dello svolgimento annuo dei lavori consistenti perlopiù nell’acquisizione e nei cambi di semi e piante, nell’adozione per la disposizione delle piante del metodo di classificazione di Linneo, nell’utilizzo delle piante per le lezioni. Si passa quindi all’analisi dei modi che Vitman adottò per arricchire l’Orto, sottolineando la sua convinzione dell’opportunità di privilegiare le piante necessarie alla didattica e alla ricerca scientifica. Purtroppo, mancando l’Orto di un proprio archivio e di raccolte di lettere, molte questioni restano ancora non risolte. Appaiono comunque evidenti sia l’appartenenza di Vitman alla fitta rete di scambi tra i botanici dell’epoca, sia l’utilizzo di canali diplomatici, in particolare per gli scambi con Francia, Olanda e Spagna. Il contributo si conclude con la descrizione dell’attività didattica e scientifica di Vitman, autore di un fortunato libro di testo, <em>De medicatis herbarum facultatibius liber</em>, Faventiae 1770, e di una importante <em>Summa plantarum</em>, Mediolani 1789-1792, in 6 volumi, nella quale l’autore segue il metodo di classificazione linneano.

Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University236041, Kaliningrad, ul. A. Nevskogo 14, RussiaE-mail: Erm_n@list.ruKarlas Gottfriedas Hagenas (1749–1829) buvo garsus vokiečių chemikas, farmakologas, medicinos mokslų daktaras ir šeimos farmacijos verslo tęsėjas. K. G. Hagenas garsėjo kaip universalus profesorius – Karaliaučiaus universitete dėstė chemiją, fiziką, mineralogiją, zoologiją ir botaniką. Jo sūnus E. A. Hagenas prisidėjo prie K. Donelaičio Metų leidybos. K. G. Hageno asmeninė biblioteka buvo žinoma kaip viena turtingiausių visame Karaliaučiuje. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami kai kurie K. G. Hageno bibliotekos kokybiniai ir kiekybiniai rodikliai. Straipsnio autorė nagrinėjo profesoriaus gyvenimą ir jo mokslinę veiklą; nemažai dėmesio buvo skiriama ir istoriniams įvykiams, nulėmusiems profesoriaus pedagogines pažiūras. Apibendrinusi šios iškilios asmenybės biografijos faktus ir jam įtakos turėjusius istorinius įvykius, straipsnio autorė priėjo prie išvados, kad galima išskirti tris pagrindines profesoriaus veiklos sritis: mokslinę, pedagoginę ir žurnalistinę. Asmeninė biblioteka atliko svarbų vaidmenį plėtojant produktyvią ir integruotą K. G. Hageno mokslinę veiklą. Bibliotekos tyrimas atliktas remiantis aukciono katalogu „K. G. Hageno knygų sąrašas“. Katalogą, paskelbtą Karaliaučiuje 1829 metais, sudaro 128 puslapiai. Juo straipsnio autorė galėjo naudotis gavusi dr. E. Neumanno-Redlino von Medingo, profesoriaus K. G. Hageno palikuonio, sutikimą. Autorė išnagrinėjo asmeninę biblioteką pagal leidimo vietas ir metus, mokslo sritis, leidinių kalbą ir dokumentų rūšis. Į katalogą buvo įtrauktos knygos, išspausdintos 100 įvairių vietų. Nustatyta, kad K. G. Hageno bibliotekos kataloge yra šių mokslo sričių leidinių: mokslo istorijos, fizikos, chemijos, alchemijos, zoologijos, botanikos, mineralogijos, medicinos ir su ja susijusių mokslų, Prūsijos istorijos, filosofijos, teologijos ir kt. Į katalogą buvo įtraukti vadovėliai, monografijos, žodynai, vadovai, farmakopėjos tekstai, disertacijos, rankraščiai, moksliniai žurnalai, kelionių aprašymai, laikraščiai. Autorės turimomis žiniomis, aukcionui buvo pasiūlyta tik dalis K. G. Hageno bibliotekos knygų. Ateityje tikimasi pratęsti informacijos apie šią biblioteką paiešką.

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title L'inventario del carteggio di Giorgio Santi conservato nella Biblioteca Comunale di Siena rivela i numerosi contatti di questo chimico, botanico e naturalista toscano, fra il 1776 e il 1822. Formatosi in Francia a stretto contatto con le nuove teorie di Buffon e Lavoisier, professore all'Universit di Pisa e direttore del Giardino Botanico dal 1782, Santi costituisce una delle personalit scientifiche di maggiore interesse fra diciottesimo e diciannovesimo secolo, esponente di punta di quel gruppo toscano impegnato nella realizzazione del vasto progetto del Granduca Pietro Leopoldo prima e della nuova amministrazione francese in seguito.

Magdalena Morska, the owner of the Zarzecze residence, where she created a sentimental-romantic park and garden was a Polish aristocrat and keen organizer of cultural life in Galicia province of Poland. She donated a collection of 358 titles of books and periodicals in 1228 volumes to the Ossolineum Library in 1847. They were mostly books in French published between 1785-1835. In the article an overview of this collection is given. The collection consists mostly of belles-lettres, historical and political works. Also books on geography, especially itinerary accounts are vastly represented, as well as philosophy, including leading authors of European Enlightenment, books on art, poetry, drama, works on botanic and gardening. In Morska’s library there were also volumes of typically women’s literature of the period: romances, moralizing literature, educational books, language dictionaries and grammar manuals. In spite of a substantial book collection of count Morska, there was no separate library room in the Zarzecze palace.

Indhold: Bøger og bibliotek; Det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultetsbibliotek, Gothersgade 140; Det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultets­ bibliotek har slået dørene op til et nyt studiecenter i det tidligere Botanisk Laboratorium; Fiolstræde havde sidste åbningsdag 8. april 2009; Det smukke bibliotek i Fiolstræde er ikke længere rammen om en klassisk biblioteksvirksomhed; Bogsalen i Fiolstræde vil dog fremover skulle fungere som læse­ og arbejdssal; Carl Nielsens værker er nu udgivet og kommenteret i 35 bind; Det Kongelige Bibliotek på nettet; Udstillinger; Foredragsrækken Kunst & Kærlighed; International forfatterscene; Jan Kjærstad; Salman Rushdie; Musik; STUDENTS ONLY!; Erhvervelser; Publikationer

Libri picturati A. 16–30 from the former Preussischer Staatsbibliothek in Berlin comprise a high quality ensemble of sixteenth century drawings of animals and plants. Since their rediscovery in Biblioteka Jagiellońska. Cracow, Poland, several different theories have arisen about the origin of the collection, as a result of work done by several scholars. Jacob van Corenhuyse has been identified as the author of some of the drawings, and Karel van Sint Omaar and Karel van Aremberg as the consecutive owners of the collection. Careful examination of the drawings confirms the important role played by the Flemish botanist Charles de l'Écluse (Clusius) in forming the collection. L'Écluse's correspondence reveals the existence of a second painter, possibly Peeter van der Borcht, who may have been the author of the drawings done using dried specimens. One hundred and twenty of the drawings in the collection were used by Officina Plantiniana (Antwerp) as the templates for the engravings in l'Écluse's publications.

Recently published by the Madrid publishing house Sequitur, La Escuela Universalista Española del siglo XVIII is an introductory work to a study of the so-called Universalist School. Its author, Pedro Aullón de Haro from the University of Alicante, Spain, and Head of the Research Group “Humanism-Europe” since 1994, has coordinated various volumes whose main objective is the historical reconstruction of the Late Spanish Enlightenment Period, which was truncated by Charles III of Spain’s expulsion of the Jesuits, affecting a great many of its members. This Enlightenment Period, in contrast to the victorious French Enlightenment, offered not a political, but a scientific and humanistic view of knowledge, taking a comparative and universalist approach, but, due to the aforementioned expulsion of the Jesuits, the authors dispersed, leaving their work unfinished; and it is only now, under the label of the Universalist School, coined by Prof. Aullón de Haro, that they have been gathered together furthering the possibility of recovering their meaning and systematic cohesion. This volume serves as an introduction to the publications that the author has announced for 2018, in which the detailed study of the main authors within this scientific community will be undertaken following an encyclopaedic structure, which will finally give recognition to the Universalist School movement, and whose stand out authors include: Juan Andrés, creator of the Universal History of the Humanities and Sciences; Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro, creator of Universal and Comparative Linguistics; and Antonio Eximeno, creator of a universal aesthetic concept of music as language and expression.The common thread of the School is precisely the "universalist ideation" that assumes the unity of knowledge in a harmonious integration of experimental sciences, fine arts and human sciences within a humanistic epistemological framework, and consequently, comparativism as a methodology of study, based on the unity of its object: the destiny of man, with his knowledge integrated into a unitary vision of the universe and the world. All this is ultimately based on the work of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, historically rooted in the process of Greco-Roman cultural parallels, and with the main figures of Macrobius, Scaliger and Morhof.Furthermore, 2017 is the second centenary of the death of Juan Andrés, commemorated by an international Congress held at the Complutense University of Madrid and featuring an important bibliographical exhibition in the History Library of this Madrid University, titled "Juan Andres y la Escuela Universalista Española" (2017).The great scientific and thematic scope of the School means that it is possible to discern several sectors or "sub-schools", although the authors often practice several disciplines: the linguistic sub-school (Hervás and his extensive circle of collaborators), bibliographical (Miguel de Casiri, Diosdado Caballero…), botanical-naturalist (Antonio José Cavanilles, Pedro Franco Dávila, Juan José Ruperto de Cuéllar, José Celestino Mutis, Eduardo Romeo…), musicological (Antonio Eximeno, Josef Pintado, Vicente Requeno, Buenaventura Prats, Joaquín Millás…), Americanist-Mexicanist (Francisco Javier Clavijero, Juan Bautista Muñoz, Miguel del Barco González, José Lino Fábregas, Juan Nuix y Perpiñá…), on the Philippines (Juan de la Concepción, Antonio de Tornos, Bernardo Bruno de la Fuente…), meteorology (Andrés, Viñes, Faura…), studies on translation (Carlos Andrés, Juan Bautista Colomés, Pedro Cantón…) etc.The work is divided into three sections: "Teoría general", "Textos de y sobre autores de la Escuela", and "Bibliografía fundamental y selecta".The first section begins with an introductory chapter in which the conceptual principles of the School are explained in relation to the particularity of the Hispanic cultural history, where both its antecedents and theoretical limits are determined. Next comes a description of the sequence of milestones, historical circumstances and accidents that resulted in the formation of the School, as well as an in-depth explanation of the concept of "universalist ideation". Finally, "La ideación del primer programa epistemológico", is a necessary exposition of the important and almost inaccessible Prospectus Philosophiae Universae, a work that was written and directed by Juan Andrés. It is a general and pluridisciplinary programmatic text published in 1773 in Ferrara, and access to it for consultation is hard to come by. That is, it is a kind of program that intends to carry out a radical overcoming of the culture and thought of the Baroque era, through the integration of empiricist science and philosophy with classical humanism and its evolution through a historically founded and revisable concept of progress. The fourth chapter, entitled "La Ilustración universalista: creación de la Comparatística moderna y Literatura Universal", lists the conceptual keys to understanding the particularity of this late Spanish age of Enlightenment of Hispanic-Italian roots, Christian, integrative, international, intercontinental, founded on a unitary vision of the universe and the world. The fifth chapter, "La clasificación de las ciencias, la universalidad tematológica y la estética de la expresión", analyses the variables of the Enlightenment Period, the various types of European illustrations and their internal conceptual sectors, in an attempt to bring to light the lack of historical and intellectual homogeneity of a process of great relevance, and analyses the universalistic classification of scientific disciplines by comparison with the classification of the French illustration, showing the flagrant reduction of the French classification, and also includes a revealing study on the concept of "expression" elaborated by Antonio Eximeno, which was later also recovered by Benedetto Croce, although without him acknowledging the precedence of Eximeno’s work.The second part, "Textos de y sobre autores de la Escuela", presents a series of documents as a critical support of the School and its authors. This is especially true of the textual references from the three main authors with respect to the other members of the School, which provides an account of the indisputable existence of a productive and active scientific community.The last part records essential bibliographical sources and information intended to enable a continuation of the study by the authors of this School, a bibliographic selection of the most important works of all the members of the School, and another selection of general and monographic studies on relevant theoretical, historical and cultural issues.In short, this work succeeds in refuting one of the most important historical and intellectual fallacies of our time: the absence of a Spanish Enlightenment Period, and consequently, proves the existence of an original and consistent modern Hispanic thought. In this way, it opens up a field of study that demands new research that will bring to light better-informed reinterpretations of both Spanish and Hispanic America pasts in general, which will lead to a search for unity, not in political and economic terms, as seems to be the objective of economic globalization, but on the basis of the concept of universality. For this purpose, the Research Group Humanismo-Europa has affiliated itself with the Instituto Juan Andrés de Comparatística y Globalización, as well created links to its online network Biblioteca HumanismoEuropa, where all the information about the authors of the School and their texts has been gathered and made available to the general public.

Abstract<title> RIASSUNTO </title>Ottaviano Targioni Tozzetti (1755-1829), figlio del celebre naturalista Giovanni, fu un personaggio di rilievo nel panorama scientifico toscano nel periodo fra la fine del '700 e i primi decenni del secolo XIX. Attivo come medico a Santa Maria Nuova e membro dell'Accademia dei Georgofili, Ottaviano Targioni Tozzetti, si occupò di chimica, agricoltura e botanica assumendo, per quasi trent'anni, la direzioine del giardino botanico di Firenze. L'inventario della sua corrispondenza, conservata presso la Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, testimonia la vastità e qualità dei suoi rapporti con il mondo scientifico - non solo toscano ma italiano ed europeo - e contribuisce alla riscoperta di un profilo di questo personaggio a cavallo fra tradizione settecentesca e il moderno pensiero scientifico.

Rețeaua de metafore care învăluie cunoașterea științifică suscită astăzi interesul multor cercetători. O literatură de specialitate tot mai consistentă semnalează că gîndirea și exprimarea metaforică aduc științei atît beneficii cît și deservicii, astfel că obiectul principal al lucrării de față este de a sonda relevanța unor metafore generate de scris și potențate de prestigiul acestei tehnologii comunicative. Corelațiile și ramificările acestor matrice pot fi, la rigoare, cartografiate prin lectura textelor de referință. Interpretate ca noduri de rețea, operele fondatoare în știință au forța de a schimba traiectoria explorării științifice și a reconfigura felul în care înțelegem să ne raportăm la realitate. Întrucît asumarea sarcinii de a sonda arhitectura metaforică a tuturor textelor științifice de prim rang ar depăși cu mult mizele particulare ale lucrării de față, am preferat să reliefăm cîteva din matricele metaforice centrale ale tradiției scrisului pe care le regăsim în opera lui Carl von Linné, cu observația că, în posteritate, modelul clasic de categorizare impus în științele naturale de învățatul suedez a consolidat stabilitatea vocabularelor botanice vernaculare și a favorizat popularizarea și internaționalizarea multor denumiri științifice de plante. Axul în jurul căruia este organizată argumentarea este reprezentat de metafora bibliotecii.

This paper focuses on the relationship between Alexander von Humboldt, the famous German explorer-naturalist and Filippo Parlatore, botanist from Palermo (Sicily, Italy) in the field of botanical geography. Our considerations are based on three letters written by Humboldt to Parlatore in May 1851 and two letters with attachments written by Parlatore in answer to Humboldt in May 1851 and June 1852. The former are preserved in the Biblioteca comunale di Palermo (Palermo City Library) and the latter in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (Berlin State Library). On reading the correspondence it can be inferred how, on the one hand, Humboldt asked Parlatore for verification on some important questions of botanical geography that he intended to cover in the second part (never published) of volume five of his Kosmos, and how, on the other hand, Parlatore diverged in his answers from Humboldt’s intent to search for universal laws to explain the distribution of plants on the planet. In fact, Parlatore was engaging in new lines of research, which, though stemming from Humboldt, were moving towards a modern twodimensional interpretation of natural plant communities according to which vegetation and flora, though interacting, are distinct realities and require different methods of study. The paper includes a portrait of Parlatore and one of Humboldt, a taxonomic table of the plants mentioned by the two scientists in their correspondence and illustrations of a selection of the same plants.

We introduce some of the 96 books of scientific content, published in the 16th century and belonging to the Istituto Lombardo library. We chose some books in the field of the “natural sciences” both for iconographic peculiarities and for the original content. The library owns the first edition of the anatomy treatise of Andrea Vesalio. The medical books of Jean Francois Fernel, Antonio Fracanzani, Girolamo Fracastoro, the botanical treatise of Pier Andrea Mattioli and the geographical treatise of Giovan Battista Ramusio although in further edition are of great interest in order to evaluate the state of the art and the evolutionary steps of the science. Some books are rather rare and precious and deserve to be accurately exploited. Also the texts should be worthy of a critical investigation, overcoming the linguistic difficulties, both for the latin and for italian texts.

Artykuł w syntetycznym ujęciu przedstawia dzieje księgozbioru warszawskiego klasztoru sióstr wizytek od czasu ich założenia (1654) po rok 1887. Autorka przeprowadziła analizy zachowanych inwentarzy bibliotecznych i na ich podstawie oszacowała wielkość biblioteki oraz tematykę zbiorów. Wizytki wykorzystywał księgozbiór nie tylko do lektury uzupełniającej medytacje i modlitwy, ale również do celów edukacyjnych i pedagogicznych (prowadziły szkołę dla dziewcząt) oraz wydawniczych. Najstarszy zachowany inwentarz z 1703 r. wymienia 749 dzieł w 1289 tomach. Natomiast w inwentarzu z 1887 r. widnieje 1722 tomów. Autorka ustaliła, że w XVIII w. księgozbiór warszawskich wizytek, na tle kolekcji innych żeńskich zgromadzeń, był pokaźny. Przeważały w nim książki religijne, w mniejszości pozostawały podręczniki do arytmetyki, botaniki, opisy niektórych krajów, słowniki językowe, dzieła o polskich królach (np. Zygmuncie III czy Janie Sobieskim), zbiory poezji – wykorzystywane do popisów uczennic na zakończenie roku. Dopiero w XIX w. (w oparciu o inwentarz z 1864 r.) księgozbiór był uzupełniany pozycjami wykorzystywanymi w żeńskich szkołach średnich.