Academic literature on the topic 'Biblioteka Narodowa (Poland)'

Recenzja: Michał Spandowski, Catalogue of Incunabula in the National Library of Poland, in collaboration with Sławomir Szyller, description of bookbindings prepared by Maria Brynda, translation: Elżbieta Olechowska, vol. I, Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa 2020, s. 694 [1]. ISBN 978-83-7009-833-6

Pamiętniki i relacje w zbiorach rękopiśmiennych BN (wydanie drugie poprawione i rozszerzone), oprac. Danuta Kamolowa przy współudziale Teresy Sieniateckiej, Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa, 2015, 539, [1] s., [26] k. tabl.: il., ISBN 978-83-7009-623-6 – Katarzyna Seroka [397-398] Anna Kocot, Artyści „czarnej sztuki”. Typografia druków Floriana Unglera i Macieja Wirzbięty, Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2015, ss. 416, ISBN/ISSN 978-83-76384-60-3 – Anna Kamler [398-403] Justyna Kiliańczyk-Zięba, Sygnety drukarskie w Rzeczypospolitej XVI wieku: źródła ikonografi czne i treści ideowe, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego „SocietasVistulana”, 2015, ss. 342, [1]: il., ISBN 978-83-61033-89-9 – Katarzyna Seroka [403-405] Catalogue of books from the Library of Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland, in the collection of the National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg, ed. by Maria I. Tkachenko, Maria Brynda, National Library of Poland (Warsaw), National Library of Russia (Saint Petersburg),Warsaw: National Library of Poland, 2015, 198 [1] s., [21] s. tabl., ISBN 978-83-7009-621-2 – Karolina Figaszewska [405-406] Joanna Matyasik, Polonika XVI-XVII w. ze zbiorów Wojewódzkiej i Miejskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Bydgoszczy. Katalog, Bydgoszcz: Wojewódzka i Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna im. Dr. Witolda Bełzy, 2015, ss. 345, ISBN 978-83-85979-21-0; 978-83-62545-86-5 – Agnieszka Chamera-Nowak [406-409] Polski wkład w przyrodoznawstwo i technikę: słownik polskich i związanych z Polską odkrywców, wynalazców oraz pionierów nauk matematycznoprzyrodniczych i techniki, t. 1-4, red. nauk. Bolesław Orłowski, Warszawa: Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 2015, t. 1 ss. 521, t. 2 ss. 437, t. 3 ss. 511, t. 4 ss. 543, ISBN 978-83-8606-229-4; 978-83-8606-228-7; 978-83-7629-829-0; 978-83-7629-828-3; 978-83-7545-569-4; 978-83-7545-570-0 – Sarah Skumanov [409-410]

The article analyzes the composition of the Ukrainian political emigration’s archival collections in the interwar period in Poland, traces the ways of their displacements during the Second World War, and determines its current storage locations and source potential for studying the problems of the political and military history of Ukraine as well as Polish-Ukrainian relations. It is defined that after the defeat of the Ukrainian War of Independence 1917-1921 valuable political and military archives were repatriated to Poland where they were preserved in the emigration centers established by the UNR Government in Tarnow, Сzestochowa and partly in Warsaw. During the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany, the archives of the UNR Directorate were repatriated to Krakow, and eventually, they came into the possession of Soviet security services that resulted in moving the archives to the USSR. As a consequence, these archives were classified for security reasons and stored in archival special fonds. Moreover, valuable documents that describe the activity of the Ukrainian political emigration and Polish-Ukrainian relationship, particularly the relations between Symon Petlura and Josef Pilsudski, can be found in the fonds of Polish institutions, such as Archiwum Akt Nowych, Сentralne Archiwum Wojskowe, National Library of Poland / Biblioteka Narodowa in Warsaw and the National Ossolinski Institute in Wroclaw. In Ukraine, the most considerable segment of the UNR emigration collections is presented nowadays by the fonds of the Central State Archive of Supreme Authorities and Governments of Ukraine in Kyiv. These documents have an important source potential for describing the processes of the Ukrainian state formation, struggles for independence along with detailed research of Polish-Ukrainian relations during the interwar period. The author states the relevance of preparing an electronic registry of Ukrainian emigration archival collections with the characterization of the content of collections, location of their creation, transportation routes, and their current location. It would embrace the research along with including the documents to the scientific narrative.

Background The Helsinki Accords signed in 1975 set inviolability of frontiers, ensured respect for human rights and hence formed the new international situation in the East Central Europe. With the emergence of opposition movements and the crisis of so-cialist bloc and the communist ideology, the issue of the future order, interethnic rela-tions, borders and national minorities arose. Purpose The purpose of the article is to research preconditions for signing of “The Declaration on the Matter of Principles of the Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation” in 1987 and its role in paving the way for bilateral relationship. Results. On the Polish opposition initiative in 1987 “The Declaration on the Mat-ter of Principles of the Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation” was signed with representatives of the Ukrainian emigration. It supported inviolability of borders and respect for nation-al minorities’ rights. The declaration was the first agreed between Polish opposition and Ukrainian émigrés document to suggest integrated and thorough project of Polish-Ukrainian cooperation after the downfall of the Socialist Camp and the Soviet Union. Its statements developed by civil society institutions, and partly approved by the gov-ernment-in-exile, were recognized by state structures of both nations after gaining of in-dependence and became a basis of their relationship. The Declaration gave a great impe-tus to normalization of relations between independent Poland and Ukraine. Its principles were implemented in an interstate framework treaty between Ukraine and Poland in 1992 and in a joint statement about mutual understanding and unity signed on the twen-ty-first of May, 1997. Key words: the Polish-Ukrainian relations, frontiers, national minorities, the East Central Europe. Before we will be with Europe. Jerzy Stankiewicz is talking to Grzegorz Kostrzewa, 1989. Tygodnik Polski, 35. 27 sierpnia. (In Polish) Boruta, M., 2002. Free with Free, Equal with Equal. Poland and the Poles about Inde-pendence of the Eastern Neighbours of Rzeczypospolita. Kraków: ARCANA, 355 p. (In Polish) Chushak, Kh., 2011. There is no Free Poland without Free Ukraine: Ukraine and Ukrainians in the Political Thought of Polish Opposition (1976–1989). Lviv: Instytut ukrayinoznavstva im. I. Kryp’yakevycha NAN Ukrayiny; Vydavnyctvo “PAIS”. (In Ukrainian) Concerning the Issue of Polish-Ukrainian Relations [unpublished sourse], 1986. The Declaration. Samostijnyk. Visnyk nezalezhnoho ukrayins"koho slova, 4–5. J. Targalski’s Private Archive in Warsaw. (In Ukrainian) Ideological Declaration of Confederation of Independent Poland [unpublished sourse]. 1 IX 1979. Archives of the KARTA Center (AOK). Archives of the Opposition (AO). Sygn. AO IV/13.1. K. 1. Warsaw. (In Polish) Les archives de l’Institut Litteraire a Paris (AILP). Les coupures de presse (CP). 1991. Vol. 3: Kozak S. Poland and Ukraine. Paths and Impassable Roads to Mutual Understand-ing, 1991. Więź, 11–12 (XI–XII), pp.113–115. (In Polish) Małynowycz, W., 1987. Ukraine and Poland. Kultura, 9 (480), pp.113–115. (In Polish) Markowicz, P., 1988. The Frontiers. Zomorządność, 157 (4 III). Kraków, pp.3–4. (In Polish) Nykiel, W., 1990. Forewarns of Juliusz Mieroszewski. Pogląd, 1/2. Styczeń–luty, pp.65–66. (In Polish) Organizacje opozycyjne wg. miast P-Z: Ideological Declaration of Confederation of Independent Poland [unpublished sourse], 1979, 1. IX. Biblioteka Narodowa. Dokumenty życia społecznego. (DŻS). Sygn. I 2 j. Warsaw. (In Polish) Organizacje opozycyjne wg. miast P-Z: The Statement on the Principles of Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation [unpublished sourse], III 1987. Biblioteka Narodowa. Dokumenty życia społecznego. Sygn. I 2 j. Paryż (In Polish) Podlaski K. [Skaradziński B.]. Belarusians – Lithuanians – Ukrainians: our Enemies or Brothers? Warsaw: Przedświt [unpublished sourse], 1984. P. Kazanecki’s. Private Archive in Warsaw. (In Polish) Samostijnyk. Visnyk nezalezhnoho ukrayins"koho slova [unpublished sourse], 1986, 4–5. J. Targalski’s Private Archive in Warsaw. (In Ukrainian) The Attitude of the Union to National Minorities’ Organizations [unpublished sourse]. Archives of the Karta Center (AOK). Sygn. A/7.4.2 (In Polish) The borders were established for us. Zbigniew Dudziński talked. 1990. Po prostu. War-szawa, 12. 3. V. S. 10. (In Polish) The Declaration: to Brothers Ukrainians, Belarusians and Lithuanians [unpublished sourse], 1985. Vidnova. Kul"tura. Suspil"stvo. Polityka, 3. B. Berdychowska’s Private Ar-chive. (In Ukrainian) The Interview with Jan Zaleski (KOS), 1988. Dialogi. Biuletyn polsko-ukraiński [unpublished sourse], 2–3(11–12), P. Kazanecki’s Private Archive in Warsaw. (In Polish) The interview with Bogumiła Berdychowska [unpublished sourse], Warsaw, 9. Х. 2003. (In Ukrainian) The interview with Bohdan Skaradziński, Podkowa Leśna [unpublished sourse], 15. VIII. 2006. (In Ukrainian) The interview with Grzegorz Kostrzewa-Zorbas [unpublished sourse], Warsaw, 18. VII. 2009. (In Ukrainian) The interview with Jerzy Targalski [unpublished sourse], Warsaw, 22. VIII. 2006. (In Ukrainian) The interview with Leszek Moczulski [unpublished sourse], Warsaw, 18. I. 2007. (In Ukrainian) The Position of CUPPO on Polish-Ukrainian Relations. Vidnova. Kul"tura. Suspil"stvo. Polityka, 5. Lito-osin’-zyma 1986: Chornobyl" – trahediya Ukrayiny [unpublished sourse]. B. Berdychowska’s Private Archive. (In Ukrainian) The Position of CUPPO on Polish-Ukrainian Relations [unpublished sourse], 1986. Samostijnyk. Visnyk nezalezhnoho ukrayins"koho slova, 4–5. J. Targalski’s Private Ar-chive. (In Ukrainian) The Resolution on National Minorities Issue, № 69/81. I Krajowy Zjazd Delegatów NSZZ “Solidarność”. Statut. Uchwała programowa z Aneksem. Dokumenty Zjazdu. Gdańsk: Biuro Informacji Prasowej Komisji Krajowej NSZZ “Solidarność” [unpublished sourse], [1981]. Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance (AIPN). Sygn. IPN BU MSW II 1637. Npgn. (In Polish) The Prague Appeal, 1987. Obóz, 12. B.m.: Wydawnictwo CDN. pp.79–80. (In Polish) The Yalta Appeal, 1985. Niepodległość. Miesięcznik Polityczny Liberalno-Demokratycznej Partii “Niepodległość”, 37–38(II). (In Polish) To Brothers Ukrainians, Belarusians and Lithuanians! The proposal of Common Posi-tion on Polish-Ukrainian, Polish-Belarusian and Polish-Lithuanian Border, 1984. Nowa Koalicja, 2. (In Polish) Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council. (ZP UHVR – HS ZS UHVR – The surroundings of UHVR (documents, information, names dictionary). Hadyach: Hadyach, 2001. (In Ukrainian) W. Mokry’s Private Archive in Krakow: The editorial staff of the “New Coalition”. Signs of Breakthrough, 1988. Nowa Koalicja, 5, pp.4–5. (In Polish) W. Mokry’s Private Archive in Krakow: the Statement of Ukrainian Supreme Libera-tion Council UHWR, 1986. Obszar III. Pismo Konfederacji Polski Niepodległej. Obszar – Łódź, 2 (XI), pp.1–2. (In Polish) Założenia programowe, 1983. Niepodległość, 21–22 (IX–X). pp.1–3. (In Polish)

INFORMATION RESOURCES OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY AS A SOURCE FOR THE STUDY OF THE ELECTRONIC BOOK MARKET IN POLANDThe aim of the article is to present publications and databases based on legal deposit copies sent to the National Library as potential sources for the study of books on electronic media. The authors carry out a critical analysis of, above all, the statistics provided by Ruch Wydawniczy w Liczbach [Polish Publishing in Figures] 2001–2014 as well as inventories making up the national bibliography system, Bibliografia Dokumentów Elektronicznych [Bibliography of Electronic Documents] 2001–2015 and Bibliografia Dokumentów Dźwiękowych [Bibliography of Sound Documents] 2009–2011. The data obtained as a result of the analysis have been confronted with information contained in the basic component of the national bibliography system — Przewodnik Bibliograficzny [Bibliographic Guide]. The analysis has demonstrated that the statistics provided by the National Library’s publications are not useful to the study of the electronic book market owing to the fact that the data overlook the aspect of the medium. The analysis has also shown that the bibliographic information about the current production of e-books and audiobooks is incomplete. Drawing on the results of the analysis, the authors have concluded that the incompleteness of the National Library’s sources stems partly from the methodology used in their compilation and partly from problems with obtaining legal deposit copies from publishers. In addition, other National Library resources — the main catalogue, digital repository or e-ISBN service — do not, in their present form, constitute alternative sources of information about electronic books published in Poland.

Z PROBLEMÓW URZĘDOWEJ REJESTRACJI DRUKÓW W II RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ: EGZEMPLARZ OBOWIĄZKOWY, BIBLIOGRAFIA NARODOWA, STATYSTYKA WYDAWNICZARejestracja polskiej produkcji wydawniczej przed 1918 rokiem. Prawo o egzemplarzu obowiązkowym dla bibliotek 1919, 1927, 1932. Od „Biuletynu Bibliograficznego” i „Przewodnika Bibliograficznego” do „Urzędowego Wykazu Druków”.PROBLEMS OF THE STATE PRINTS REGISTRATION IN POLAND 1918–1939: LEGAL DEPOSIT, NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY, PUBLISHING STATISTICSThe author of the article analyses the history of official state registration of prints in Poland in 1919–1939. The main problem was to correlate the collecting of legal deposits as well as compile the current national bibliography and credible state publishing statistics. A signifi cant difficulty involved in compiling official book records was caused by the fact that had been no National Library before 1928. The article draws on the writings of bibliographers from the period Stefan Vrtel-Wierczyński, Jan Muszkowski, Władysław Tadeusz Wisłocki, Eustachy Gaberle, Jadwiga Dąbrowska, Helena Hleb-Koszańska. The author’s starting point is an analysis of legal deposit regulations issued three times: in 1919, 1927 and in 1932. According to the first regulations, legal deposits were to be given to university libraries in Kraków, Warsaw, Lviv, Lublin as well as the Public Library in Warsaw and the library of the Society of Friends of Sciences in Poznań. The main problem was that the regulations covered only part of the country formerly annexed by Russia and there was no specialist bibliographic institution Bibliographic Institute. Under the 1927 regulations, legal deposits were to be sent to the National Library, additionaly all journals were to be sent to the Ossolineum Library in Lviv. One legal deposit was also granted to five regional university libraries Warsaw, Vilnius, Lviv, Poznań, Kraków and two public libraries Warsaw, Toruń.Thus the legal deposit regulations were extended across the country. Under the 1932 regulations, legal deposits were to be given to the National Library, university libraries Jagiellonian Library, Warsaw University Library, Lviv University Library, Poznań University Library and Library of the Silesian Parliament later Silesian Library in Katowice, City Public Library in Toruń as well as the Wróblewski Library in Vilnius today Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. The main problem in that period was the collecting of legal deposits.

ABSTRACT Sara Levy and Her Music Collection. Keyboard Concertos by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach from the National Library ofPoland The paper discusses musical sources kept in the National Library of Poland, namely a collection of handwritten copies of ten keyboard concertos by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, made by Georg Amft based on materials that originated from the music collections of Sara Levy and Zippora Wulff. This paper primarily focuses on the Concerto in A Minor Wq 26. Amft’s copy of that piece was likely made based on a Bach’s autograph kept in the Royal Library in Berlin (Königliche Bibliothek). Seeing as Amft’s Vorlage is now lost, the Warsaw document appears to be an important indirect source for an early version of Wq 26.

ABSTRACT Sara Levy and Her Music Collection. Keyboard Concertos by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach from the National Library ofPoland The paper discusses musical sources kept in the National Library of Poland, namely a collection of handwritten copies of ten keyboard concertos by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, made by Georg Amft based on materials that originated from the music collections of Sara Levy and Zippora Wulff. This paper primarily focuses on the Concerto in A Minor Wq 26. Amft’s copy of that piece was likely made based on a Bach’s autograph kept in the Royal Library in Berlin (Königliche Bibliothek). Seeing as Amft’s Vorlage is now lost, the Warsaw document appears to be an important indirect source for an early version of Wq 26.

USE OF EDUCATIONAL RES OURCES OF SCHOOL LIBRARIES BY TEACHERS OF VARIOUS SUBJECTS — RESULTS OF A SURVEYThe author of the paper discusses cooperation between teachers of various subjects and school librarians. She stresses that from the point of view of developing information literacy, such cooperation translates into development of the pupils’ skills. She points to the recommendations of American librarian societies in this respect Information Power. Guidelines for School Library Media Programs and Information Power. Building partnerships for learning as well as Polish ministerial recommendations annex to Rozporządzenie Ministra Edukacji Narodowej z 27 sierpnia 2012 r. w sprawie podstawy programowej wychowania przedszkolnego oraz kształcenia ogólnego w poszczególnych typach szkół [Regulation of the Minister of National Education of 27 August 2012 on the core curriculum for kindergartens and general education in various types of schools]. At the same time the author’s analysis of the curricula for various subjects in Poland in the second half of the 20th century demonstrates that the problem was marginalised with the exception of Polish language curricula. The aim of the author’s study was to establish whether teachers of selected subjects used the potential of school libraries in line with the ministerial recommendations. In addition, the author was looking for a link between the type of the subject taught at school and use of educational resources of the school library. The author discusses the results of her diagnostic survey N=244. The statistical conclusions are based on the results of chisquared tests. The results show unequivocally that teachers of Polish are statistically more likely, than teachers of other subjects included in the study, to use the educational resources of the school library, to suggest that they should be expanded and to collaborate with the librarian.

Języki haseł przedmiotowych są jednymi z podstawowych narzędzi dostępu do treści dokumentów w bibliotekach. Ich leksyka składa się z dwóch rodzajów jednostek: autosyntaktycznych tematów i synsyntaktycznych określników. Bibliotekarze opisując dokumenty łączą jednostki leksykalne w zdania (hasła przedmiotowe proste i rozwinięte). Przez dziesiątki lat języki te funkcjonowały w katalogach kartkowych, w których wyszukiwanie opierało się między innymi na wykorzystaniu prekoordynacji. Sytuacja uległa poważnej zmianie wraz z powstaniem sieci WWW, która przyczyniła się do upowszechnienia wyszukiwania pełnotekstowego i do zwiększenia samodzielności użytkowników w wyszukiwaniu informacji. Modyfikacja sposobu tworzenia i dostosowanie języków haseł przedmiotowych do potrzeb współczesnych użytkowników są niezbędne, aby biblioteki mogły nadal pełnić rolę istotnego pośrednika w dostępie do informacji i wiedzy. Ważna jest potrzeba wskazania zarówno teoretycznych możliwości zmiany języków haseł przedmiotowych, jak i praktyczna ich modyfikacja oraz badanie użyteczności stworzonych systemów. Celem rozprawy jest zaprezentowanie możliwości optymalizacji danych semantycznych zorganizowanych jako języki haseł przedmiotowych w celu stworzenia systemu zapewniającego skuteczniejsze, bliższe oczekiwaniom użytkowników wyszukiwanie informacji. Główną tezą rozprawy jest założenie, że w językach haseł przedmiotowych tkwi niewykorzystany dotychczas potencjał informacyjno-wyszukiwawczy, który może zostać zdyskontowany przy zastosowaniu technologii semantycznych. Jednej z możliwości transformacji języków haseł przedmiotowych dostarcza model map tematów. Tego rodzaju prace badawcze prowadził dotychczas jedynie japoński zespół pod kierunkiem Motomu Naito. Ich ograniczeniem był brak dokładniejszej analizy struktury przekształcanych języków haseł przedmiotowych. W rozprawie rozważania ograniczone zostały do jednego z reprezentantów języków haseł przedmiotowych – Języka Haseł Przedmiotowych Biblioteki Narodowej (JHP BN). Język ten jest, obok języka KABA używanego w katalogu NUKAT, najczęściej stosowany w polskich bibliotekach. Posługuje się nim Biblioteka Narodowa w swoim katalogu i w tworzonych bibliografiach na czele z bibliografią narodową oraz większość bibliotek publicznych i pedagogicznych, a także część bibliotek naukowych. Sprawia to, że problematyka optymalizacji JHP BN jest niezwykle istotna dla polskich bibliotek i ich użytkowników. Osiągnięciu celu rozprawy służy dokładna analiza JHP BN i modelu map tematów, który został opublikowany jako norma przez International Standard Organization (ISO) i International Electrotechnical Commision (IEC), a następnie wskazanie możliwości przekształcenia poszczególnych elementów języka w elementy mapy tematów. Rozprawa składa się z trzech rozdziałów. W pierwszym scharakteryzowano historię oraz aktualny stan JHP BN. Zaprezentowano w nim m.in. statystykę odnoszącą się do JHP BN i wzorce relacji między tematami. Podkreślono rolę oraz wskazano określniki identyfikujące relacje między pojęciami. Rozdział drugi prezentuje model map tematów w oparciu o standardy ISO/IEC. W rozdziale trzecim przedstawiono propozycję transformacji JHP BN do postaci mapy tematów. Rezultatem jest wstępna ontologia mapy tematów oparta na JHP BN. Została ona stworzona po analizie relacji syntagmatycznych i paradygmatycznych. W propozycji starano się zachować kontekst tworzony przez hasła rozwinięte, a tym samym zaprezentować elastyczne i przyjazne dla użytkownika rozwiązanie odnoszące się do opracowania i wyszukiwania przedmiotowego.
One of the most popular subject access points in libraries is the subject heading language. The subject heading language consists of headings and subdivisions. It is a pre-coordinate system, which means that librarians describing content of the documents combine preferred terms recorded in a controlled vocabulary. Subject heading languages have been used in card catalogues for a long time. The turning point was the invention of the World Wide Web, which has led to the prevalence of the full-text search and to the increase of the users independence in information search. The modification of the process of vocabulary creation and the adaptation to the user’s needs seem to be indispensable for libraries trying to remain important information and knowledge intermediaries. There is a need to present possible transformations of subject headings and to evaluate created solutions. The main goal of the thesis is to present possibilities of optimization of semantic data organized as subject heading languages to create a system that will provide more effective system of information retrieval, closer to the user’s expectations. There is a hidden information retrieval potential in the subject heading language and its utilization should be based on semantic technologies. One of the possibilities of such a transformation is offered by Topic Maps, the standard published by the International Standard Organization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commision (IEC). The subject heading language has been transformed into Topic Maps so far only by Motomu Naito and his research team in Japan but during this work they did not analyze subject heading strings. The considerations in this thesis are restricted to an example of subject heading languages – the National Library of Poland Subject Headings (JHP BN). This language, beside KABA language used in NUKAT – the union catalog of Polish academic and research libraries, is the most frequently used subject heading language in Poland. It is used in the National Library of Poland’s catalog, in the Polish national bibliography and by the majority of public and pedagogical libraries and some research libraries. Therefore, JHP BN transformation is very important for Polish libraries and their users. In order to achieve the goal of the thesis, I analyze JHP BN and Topic Maps model and then I show the possibility of transformation of individual elements of JHP BN into the elements of the topic map. The thesis consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, I characterize the history and the current state of JHP BN. I present the statistics of JHP BN data and I describe the relation patterns between headings. I also emphasize the role of some subdivisions as a means to present relationships in subject heading strings. The second chapter presents Topic Maps based on the ISO/IEC standards. In the third chapter I present the proposition of JHP BN transformation into a topic map. The result is initial ontology of the topic map based on JHP BN. It was created after an analysis of paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships. The proposition aims to preserve the context of strings and at the same time provide a more flexible and user friendly solution for subject cataloging and access.

Czytelnictwo w Polsce nie jest najczęstszą formą spędzania wolnego czasu. Według badań Biblioteki Narodowej ponad połowa Polaków nie czyta w ogóle. Można się zastanawiać, jakie są tego przyczyny. Niektórzy wskazują na ceny książek, inni – na czasochłonność, z jaką wiąże się ich lektura. Młodzież zazwyczaj znajduje inne, bardziej dynamiczne, szybsze, głośniejsze rozrywki, takie jak telewizja, gry czy Internet. Jednak niektórzy pedagodzy uważają, że powodem, dla którego Polacy sięgają po książkę tak rzadko, jest to, że nie potrafią sprawnie czytać. A jeśli nie umieją robić tego sprawnie, robią to niechętnie, nie przynosi im to przyjemności, więc jest rozrywką niszową. Powstaje swoista reakcja łańcuchowa, a sposobem jej przełamania może być dawanie pozytywnego przykładu w tym zakresie przez dorosłych oraz umożliwienie dzieciom osiągnięcia komfortu czytania. Głośne czytanie podczas pierwszych lat nauki zaburza proces percepcji znaków graficznych i opóźnia dotarcie tych informacji do analizatorów mózgowych. Nowa podstawa programowa, w wyniku której nauka czytania zostaje wprowadzona w jeszcze późniejszym wieku niż dotychczas, z pewnością nie poprawi statystyk czytelniczych wśród dzieci i młodzieży. W artykule zaprezentowano proces czytania z perspektywy psychologii uczenia się, neurodydaktyki oraz treningu tej umiejętności, ponadto pod rozważenie poddane zostały zagrożenia z takich podejść płynące.

In the perspective of research on the genealogy of the nobility of Galicia, the Alexander Czolowski Collection from the collection of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine is extremely important and helpful to researchers of family histories. In the collection one can find such materials as excerpts from the National Tabula, notarial records, court records, inventories of movable property and immobiles, wills, ancestral records, copies of baptismal records, prenups, excerpts from court records (including land and municipal records), certificates of nobility, obituaries and family correspondence. It is worth remembering, however, that as a result of the actions, as well as the aftermath of World War II, materials from the former collection of Alexander Czolowski also found their way into the resources of AGAD, the National Library, or the Ossoliński National Institute in Wroclaw. They often complement genealogical information about the families sought. It is worth remembering that when conducting a search for ancestors, it is necessary to conduct a search in all of the above-mentioned institutions, and correlate the materials found with religious archives from the sources of church and state archives in Poland and Ukraine.