Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bibliothèques et Noirs américains'
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Le, Dantec-Lowry Hélène. "Familles noires et culture afro-américaine." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070146.
Full textThis study examines domestic networks in the united states within a minority culture in white america. After a historiographic analysis, the author examines male-female relationships, child sociolization and the organisation of the black family, as well as its relations to two other black institutions : the church and the ghetto. The study was made in st louis, missouri, based on interviews with persons working among blacks or with members of the community itself varying in age, economic status and place of residence. The black family appears not only as an economic and social, but also cultural, unit at the center of american political and ideological debate; it reflects the relationships among blacks and with the wider society. There is not a single pattern but rather a variety of family types that change with class status and the level of integration into white america. This diversity may lead to conflicts and ambiguities within families. The black family is the center of acculturation but can also be the place where cultural specificities are preserved. It is within the family that social differences may occur, but also that blacks be reunited despite disparities as an increasing number are now integrating into the wider society while the entire group is still discriminated against. Domestic groups are also "lieux de memoire" in which blackness is expressed and reaffirmed
Urbanowski, Anne. "Les Concepts de race et de classe dans les processus identificatoires des afro-américains : l' exemple de la bourgeoisie noire." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR2011.
Full textOuellet, Nelson. "Migration et relations interraciales, les Noirs américains de Gary, Indiana, 1906-1920." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ26806.pdf.
Full textSayni, Kouamé. "L'identité afro-américaine et le rapport avec l'Afrique dans la fiction, de James Baldwin à Toni Morrison." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR2012.
Full textWhat conditions are at the basis of the changes in African American fiction from the fifties to the late seventies affecting the portraiture of the black hero through the various narrative discourses ? What impacts did these conditions have on the quest of Black idendity ? In other words, does the passage from the "protest novel" to the "novel of memory" modify contemporary African American literary militantism [. . . . ]
Leport, Catherine. "Les Appliqués noirs américains des Antilles françaises : origines et mutations d'un langage plastique contemporain." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010559.
Full textStudy of cultural identity questions in black american and caribbean communities based on the examination of a contemporary art form : the applique textiles
Guillaume, Isabelle. "Le personnage noir dans le cinéma américain : entre remise en question et rémanence des formes classiques." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083975.
Full textThe subject matter of this doctoral work is the process by which black characters have become stereotypes in American cinema. The work shows how, very early on, American cinema, the first appearances of black people on screen gave rise to stereotypical black characters. The purpose of this work is to try and show that these very first caricatured, stereotypical, reductive and set images of black people have endured thereafter, in more or less varied forms, throughout American cinema’s history. The work is based on the five major stereotypical black figures listed by American historian Donald Bogle. The categories of stereotypes drawn by Bogle form the backbone of this work. Throughout the work, these black figures will be used as a benchmark to show that American cinema has both, tried to improve its portrayal of black characters while, at the same time, given in to the easy endless repetition of traditional figures. The aim of this dissertation being to provide an overview of black identity’s evolution in American cinema from the early days up until now, it will, therefore, focus on several genres, black and white actors and directors, and independent films, as well as films financed by Hollywood’s movie industry. By way of conclusion, the journey of black characters throughout this study is a long, arduous one. Inequalities remain. American audiences must, therefore, be wary of the persistence of classical representations of black characters, as such representations bring back ghost images that will continue to haunt American cinema for many years
Mbasegue-Oyono, Luc Rigobert. "The Importance of negro spirituals and gospel songs in the afro-american's life from 1871 until today." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599710g.
Full textHourdry, Caroline. "Peau noire, regards blancs dans le cinéma états-unien : entre réhabilitation et mauvaise conscience (1945-1970)." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30094.
Full textI will study the interactions between Blacks and Whites as they appeared in the American films of the Post-War era, WW2 as well as the struggle against Hitlerian fascism having considerably modified perceptions of African Americans. In the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, race relations gradually became the favourite field of investigation of Black and White cinema producers, who had come up with a new subgenre in the American socially-conscious cinema. The historical period 1945-1970 saw the triumph of a so-called “white race liberalism” which aimed at rehabilitating the black minority on the international scene. While the burning issues of institutionalized segregation and Black political militancy were naturally not broached upon in films, ethnic equality as the new rallying cry in the cinema milieu. Hollywood had become a strategic place where constant pressure was exerted, in particular by the black organization the NAACP, whose work consisted in combating former stereotypes. Although most directors expressed an obvious sympathy for their black characters, often described on screen as the scapegoats of Black-hating rednecks, their films generally betrayed an ideologically ambivalent stance, between ethnic tolerance and suppressed racism. Indeed, some major filmmakers, such as Stanley Kramer or Richard Brooks, voiced the American integrationist creed while subliminally conveying deep-rooted ethnic prejudices that can be observed in the film production of today
Paquet-Deyris, Anne-Marie. "Esclavage et féminité dans l'oeuvre de Toni Morrisson : sources des mythes afro-américains." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040177.
Full textToni Morrison addresses in her five novels the problems of Afro-American women in a family or communal environment, thus breaking a ling literary silence. For the Afro-American woman, "slavery" has now taken on a mostly cultural and social meaning. Faced with a limited amount of personal freedom, she has to fight her way toward self-definition and worth. This often means breaking up with the community and embarking on a quest of her own or guiding the novel's hero, often a male. Throughout the narrative, Toni Morrison makes constant references to mythic structure and motifs, mainly to reshape them for her own uses. Her female characters often are magicians whose word is a sacred and powerful one. It reunites the hero with his long-lost tradition, roots and name. The author's message extends to contemporary society where mother-centered families are now becoming the rule. As both a woman and the head of the family, the Afro-American woman is able to redefine a new family. As a figure of "the parent", she offers the possibility of alternative lifestyles in modern society which allow the individual to function in a more wholesome way within the group (family or other)
Konate, Kangbai. "L' utilisation et la place de l'Afrique dans le processus identitaire des Noirs américains : discours interprétatif et négociation culturelle." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0063.
Full textAfrica as a constructive element of African American's alterity, enters the American social, political and cultural scene through their process of self-identification. If for the majority of African Americans, Africa is part of the cultural heritage, for others, the connection to “the mother land” is fundamental to the cultural and political negotiation that they are initiating within American society. This study argues that this negotiation is an attempt by African Americans to reposition themselves in their Americanness: for the majority of African Americans, the place of Africa in their search for identity is a way to exist in American society and not about becoming “Africans”. Rather, it is about defining the parameters of a complete identity. To some extent, the “recourse” to Africa permits African Americans to better come to terms with their “Americanness”. Fundamentally, this search for identity by African Americans reveals a desire for legitimacy rooted in the reality of the unique context of American society
Laurent-Audiat, Dominique. "La quête d'identité Africaine-Américaine, de l'émergence de la négritude à l'accession au Rêve Américain : "Not without laughter" Langston Hughes, "Jubilee" Margaret Walker, "The autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman" Ernest Gaines, "Dreams from my father" Barack Obama." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131010.
Full textFor a long time African Americans have been confronted with a dilemma: how to exist in a society living in contradiction with the Principles of Liberty and Equality enunciated by the Founding Fathers, and how to affirm one‘s personal identity without disavowing one‘s community? This study analyzes, through literature, the long way from denial to recognition of the sacred and unalienable rights included in the Declaration of Independence. Not Without Laughter was published in 1930, at the height of the Harlem Renaissance. Jubilee and The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman were written during the second part of the twentieth century, when the Black Aesthetic movement was in vogue. Both literary movements are built on a racial pride that pervades the quest for identity of the heroes. The three novels illustrate the major stages of African American history. Barack Obama‘s autobiography, analyzed as a literary work, throws light on this study in presenting his own quest for identity at the end of the twentieth century: Dreams From My Father bears the burden of the past, but also contains the seed of change which allowed Barack Obama to reach the American Dream. Through its promise of equality, wealth and happiness, embodying the values of courage and work, this dream has developed individualism in the American society; while being inaccessible to the black people, it has developed a strong community link. This individual longing will be called ―personal identity‖, and the belonging to the community will be called ―collective identity. ‖ The African American quest for identity is constantly oscillating between these two poles, the prevalence of the one on the other reflecting historic and social evolution
Kabous, Patricia. "John Edgar Wideman : au-delà de l'héritage." Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30042.
Full textJohn Edgar Wideman is the author of a powerful, profound, unsettling and lyrical writings ranging from novels, essays to meditations. The present study examines how coming out of the African American tradition while contributing to its survival by way of celebrating its richness, John Edgar Wideman who is referred to as a–beyond heritage writer–reveals himself through empirical, creative and complex writings. This study points to the author’s life since its genesis as well as its structure, are entirely embedded with biographical insights about Wideman. The study then moves in depth into history in order to underline how its repeats itself, while at the same token points to the psychological trauma caused by the social slavery that African Americans are still undergoing in the twenty-first century as racism continues to shape American race relation. The persistent unsolved Black question gives tools to Wideman to focus on a very personal level upon the father/son race relation paradigm yet putting him in the collective history experienced by African Americans as it is related to race relation in America. This study further discusses the socio-political landscape without which Wideman’s writings would be non-existent. This study aims at generating a thoughtful analysis of the American society dysfunctions. Wideman’s fictional writings criticize and forcefully points to economic mechanisms, social exclusion and the alienation resulting from these social evils affecting and contributing to the decaying of the African American community. Wideman’s writing also discusses processes put into place to structure, idealize reality and account from a stylistic standpoint for a social and political reality by way of producing beauty effect and reading pleasure. The artistic work and the author’s unlimited writing experiments are unique and cannot be dissociated from their political and social dimensions. Wideman’s works examine a host of questions manely cultural survival, durability, racial paradigm, sexuality, historical trauma, incarceration system, family and the African American community. His writings also lay out unconventionnal questions that many among us would rather be consciously or unconsciously in denial of so as to disregard them
Tsibah-Madzou, Norbert. "W. E. B. Du Bois : quête de la vérité : comment être noir et américain." Lyon 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO31002.
Full textAinamon, Augustin. "Les nationalistes Noirs américains et l'Afrique : continuité et changement, avec référence particulière à W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey et Claude McKay." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2011.
Full textZrann, Fatma. "La problématique identitaire dans la photographie noire américaine : de l'identité comme revendication communautaire à l'identité comme principe d'autonomie esthétique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070112.
Full textThis work is a reflection of the problem of identity in photographic and more generally pictorial production. It questions Black American photographers' works and the way they portray or mask the African American reality. My aim was to study the Black identity in the sense of the African identity or African origin asserted by Black Americans and the way contemporary artists deal with it, especially in the works of Black photographers. It looks at the past and present, using various and overlapping archived images, paintings, photographs and evidence, based on real, historical or imaginary events which give an in-depth, objective analysis of complex problems related to slavery, discrimination, the existence of a Black identity and the portrayal of African Americans and other minorities in the United States in general. In the end, it's a cultural study, which looks at how Black identity takes shape across very different works in which the photographer brings into play persona! motivations and common problems
Philogène, Gina. "De "Black" à "African american" : l'élaboration d'une nouvelle représentation sociale." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0019.
Full textChiarelli, Pierre-Jean. "Keep it real ! : House music : des origines et usages d'une musique noire américaine et de DJs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10003.
Full textLarrazet, Christine. ""Blacks in Time" : place et visibilité des noirs américains dans un organe de presse "blanc" : "Time Magazine", 1965-1995." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30037.
Full textFor a long time African American leaders have been pointing out the under-coverage and misrepresentation of black citizens in the news media. In 1968, the Kerner report echoed their criticism, declaring that the media were depicting a world almost totally white with a white perspective, and encouraged them to make integration a reality in both their content and personnel. This study, which fits into the ongoing debate on the representation of minorities in the media, focuses on one magazine, Time, one of the most influential in American mainstream media. It seeks to find if the place and representation Time has given to and of the black community have evolved to become more prominent and even-handed after the 1960's. In the process, it inquires whether or not the integration of African American journalists at Time has helped to change either the frequency of the articles on Blacks or their image. The foundations of this research lay on an in-depth content analysis based on the notion of space and on sampling; more than 600 articles were analyzed in a computer file specially devised for the study. The findings suggest that the visibility of Blacks in Time has not steadily increased after the Kerner report and the integration of black journalists. Three different periods emerged from the data: 1965-1971, 1972-1988, and 1989-1995. The detailed analysis of these periods, bolstered by in-person interviews of Time journalists, reveals major evolutions in the visibility of black citizens and examines the extent of the influence of the few black journalists at Time who have contributed toward communicating to a mainly white audience what it is to be black in the United States
Guedj, Pauline. "Le chemin du Sankofa : religion et identité "akan" aux Etats-Unis." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100159.
Full textIn 1965, during a trip to Africa, an African American visited the Akonedi Shrine of Larteh Kubease, Ghana. There, the priestess gave him a reading during which she told him the names of his enslaved ancestors, taught him elements of the religion practiced in the shrine and enstooled him as the “Chief of the Akan in America”. The aim of this dissertation is to study the formation of the transnational networks that, since 1965, are linking the Akonedi Shrine with various shrine houses in the United States and to analyze the way the “Akan” religion, as it is practiced in the Ghanaian sanctuary, has been adapted by American devotees, integrated into a new religious field and is today constitutive of complex identity constructions
Croisille, Valérie. "Identité, communauté et langage dans l'oeuvre d'Ernest J. Gaines." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30042.
Full textThis thesis tackles the work of Ernest J. Gaines, a contemporary African-American writer from Louisiana, by exploring three main notions, identity, community and languages, and by showing that his fiction opens a space where a community of language, stories and history can take shape, and where identity is built in an interactive and performative way, in constant contact with the other, be he Black, Mulatto or White. It shows that anamnesis enables Blacks to become aware of the necessity to resist and to reappropriate their (h)istory - a lively history feeding on individual memory. Gaines' work not only pays a vibrant tribute to the word, but also opens a dialogic and polyphonic space : Ernest J. Gaines is thus above all a story teller, who pays allegiance to the oral tradition by letting voices arise from his writing
Donatien-Yssa, Patricia. ""Africobra" : esthétique et idéologie de l'expression plastique noire-américaine." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR2009.
Full textAfricobra, aesthetics and ideology of afro-american visual arts relates the evolution of painting and sculpture in the black community of the united states from slavery to 1960. It particularly insists on the aesthetic changes that took place during the Harlem renaissance and the revolutionary period of the 60's and 70's. This work examines the aesthetics and the ideology of the afro-american visual arts, essentially between the 60's and the 80’s. More precisely through the study of the works of the Africobra group, a group of then black artists who were deeply involved in the political struggle of the 60's and 70's and in the search for new aesthetic concepts. It also takes an active interest in the problem of the cultural identity and in the relation that exists between the ideological discourse and the pictural language, showing how the members of Africobra urged by their philosophical and political convictions have drawn from the afro-american and african traditions to create an art opened on contemporaneousness and reflecting their aesthetic aspirations
Martin-Breteau, Nicolas. "Corps politiques : sport et combat civiques des Africains-Américains à Washington, D.C., et Baltimore (v. 1890 - v. 1970)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0097.
Full textThis dissertation explores the role of sport in the struggles for dignity, equality and rights of the African American communities of Washington, D. C. , and Baltimore between the 1890s and the 1960s. Its aim is to explain how athletics constituted a means of political action seeking to counter racial prejudices on the "natural" inferiority of the black body which legitimized its social oppression. The public display of the dignity of the black body functioned as a claim of symbolic equality, compensating for the relative privation of speech endured by African Americans as they were exduded from the civic community. Since the end of Reconstruction, African American elites have promoted sport as a central element of the perfectionist tactics of "racial uplift" in order to integrate the national community. The main objective of this study is thus to establish how African American political struggles have had the body as place and stake, using sport as a performative means for uplifting individuals' bodies and achieving collective emancipation
Soumahoro, Maboula. "La couleur de Dieu ? Regards croisés sur la Nation d'Islam et le Rastafarisme, 1930-1950." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2009/document.
Full textUsing the analytical tool of the African diaspora and based on the historical context that immediately followed the activities of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, this work delves into the contexts that gave rise to the American Nation of Islam and the Jamaican Rastafarianism. These two black nationalist expressions chose to launch their respective struggle for self-determination through religion. The Nation of Islam and Rastafarianism, through the discourse they have initially articulated, both raise fundamental questions regarding distinctive historical and social processes of racialization in the African diaspora of the Americas
Tifnouti, Soumaya. "L'islam noir americain : identite et nationalisme." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040045.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to analyse the role of islam as a religion and as an ideology in the black american community. Through a historical discussion of the rise and development of black american islam since slavery, we show the extent to which this religion has always been closely related to black nationalism in the united states. Also, through a field work in baltimore, maryland, we shed light on the psychological and social functions of islam in the black community. The last part of the study is devoted to an analysis of the ideological and political implications of louis farrakhan's nation of islam
Ndongo, Onono Côme Télesphore. "Chester Himes, écrivain tragique." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUEL629.
Full text"Chester Himes (1909-1984), a tragic writer" is an effort to analyse the tragedy described by Himes in his work. It has three parts. The first part opens with the framework of Himes's difficult life from America to his exile in France and Spain where he died in 1984. Then, I introduce his sixteen novels of our research area. The second part is a study of his oral literature, the monstrosity of the American cities and characters, the style announcing the tragedy (metaphor, proverb, analepsis, prolepsis). The third part is an effort to analyse thirty tragic themes, such as fear, flight, the absurdity of life, violence, the fate of Himes's heroes. "Chester Himes, a tragic writer" ends with Himes's idea of being a Black man, and his project of an unavoidable revolution in America
Taous, Moncef. "L'émergence des Africains-Américains dans les technostructures des Etats-Unis de 1954 à 1984 : origines, réalités et limites." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040269.
Full textThis thesis proposes a subjective model designed to interpret the emergence of African-Americans into the technostructures of America from 1954 to 1984. .
Kekeh-Dika, Andrée-Anne. "Lieux et stratégies de résistance dans les discours romanesques de Gayl Jones, Paule Marshall, Toni Morrison, Alice Walker et Sherley Anne Williams." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070067.
Full textTiaya, Tiofack Prospere. "L'écriture musicale dans les oeuvres de Toni Morrison et de Léonora Miano." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0245.
Full textThis thesis is based on the general assumption that Toni Morrison and Léonora Mian take as a starting point the Afro-American music in their work of writing, with particular methods and for quite precise objectives. If this field of the literary transposition of the Afro-American music has already caused a certain number of researches, it however has not yet been the object of a study of synthesis such as we consider it. By adopting the methodological approach of semiotics and comparative literature, the analysis is interested in the treatment of the musical loans by the two novelists, and in the convergences and the divergences which appear when the various contexts are taken into consideration. Divided into four parts, the analysis describe first the Afro-American literary tradition in whom the authors fit, before explaining the way in which the musical reference is mobilized in the development of the fiction, then in the treatment of the narrative voice and the narrative structure, and finally in the treatment of the language and the style of writing. This reveals that the literary transposition of the Afro-American music, particularly blues and jazz, involves a systematic renewal of the aesthetic of the novel, on the levels of the formal and generic categories, the symbolic dimension, the ideological aimings. The theme of identity, the deconstruction, the orality and the hybridity become the principal paradigms of a writing which becomes an act of resistance and subversion in response to oppression
Bastien-Schmit, Sévrine. "La représentation de l'histoire africaine américaine dans les manuels scolaires du XXe siècle : une étude comparative de manuels d'histoire américains publiés entre 1930 et 1992." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070071.
Full textDupetit, Guillaume. "Afro-futurisme et effet miroir : les contre-récits de Parliament-Funkadelic." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/182422941#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textLong before anyone had given it a name, artists such as Sun Ra, Lee Perry and George Clinton already represented the first effervescence of Afrofuturism. Combining music and science fiction, their creations forced fantasy to fall within the bounds of reality. The connections and perspectives of Afrofuturism extend in time and space, cross disciplines and specialties, and are both deeply rooted and constantly renewed. Although it is necessary to expound on the proposed definitions of the term, our main focus here will be on its application and exemplification. The objective of this study is not to define fixed contours or to measure the extent of the multiple ramifications embodied in the afrofuturistic discourse, but rather to provide an example of what it can generate in terms of musical discourse. The central theme of this analysis, thus, will confine itself to the musical field of Afro-futurism through the specific example of the Parliament / Funkadelic collective, in order to express the environment in which his musical creation is inscribed and to give a glimpse of the multiple meanings of the P Funk Universe
Chavanelle, Sylvie. "Mémoire individuelle et collective dans les romans de Gayl Jones, Paule Marshall, Toni Morrison, Gloria Naylor et Alice Walker." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070054.
Full textHow individual and collective memory are intertwined. Names contain history, the history of an individual, an family, or a community. Female characters and the elders are the guardians of african-american memory, a memory that includes historical reality, myths and legdns, music, songs and dances, public and private rituals. The language reflcts an ethnic identity and cultural values. The places chosen by the novelists have a symbolic value. The narrative "refigures" time, highlighting various temporal schemes : chronological, "experienced", mythical, sacred, cyclical. The afro-american imagination is at work in the novels by jones, marshall, morrison, naylor and walker
Bou-Khalil, Marie. "Penser et voir la différence : les phénomènes de foire aux Etats-Unis, 1840-1940." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040173.
Full textTo think about and see otherness means to be able to comprehend it and represent it, whether it be physical or anthropological. Freaks in the Unites States have been used to talk about eugenics, African American rights, women’s rights or the position of colonized peoples. Whether it was in a dime museum, a circus, a carnival, a World’s Fair or at the movies, the freak stood for the Other, the one the public should not and must not ever be: he epitomized what was forbidden and what went against the rules, physically or culturally. In order to tame the Other, to make it one’s own, he was turned into a child or an animal; in both cases, he then needed a paternalistic society and not political autonomy. It was not an objectification of otherness but its demotion. From the rung of mankind, that he was never allowed to step on, the Other became an animal (wild or tame) or a child who needed to be guided by us
Mangeon, Anthony. "Lumières noires, discours marron : indiscipline et transformations du savoir chez les écrivains noirs américains et africains : itinéraires croisés d'Alain Leroy Locke, V.Y. Mudimbe et de leurs contemporains." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CERG0237.
Full textAje, Lawrence. "Entre désir d'intégration et séparatisme socio-racial : naissance et autonomisation des libres de couleur de Charleston, Caroline du Sud, 1790-1865." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS010S.
Full textAs soon as a free population of color made its appearance in 18th century South Carolina, it was perceived as an anomaly. Free people of color were the result of a combination of circumstances. Consequently, their social integration varied through time and depended on whether they were seen as a menace to slavery or if they were considered to represent a stabilizing factor for its sustainability. White South Carolinians formed a united racial front as the sectional tension grew. The reordering of the social hierarchy according to strict racial lines was achieved at the expense of free people of color who were socially marginalized. Far from reaching the desired effect of eliminating them, these social pressures paradoxically partook in fostering free people of color’s sense of a separate identity. Their aspirations for a full social integration progressively developed into a process of autonomisation and velleities of socio-racial separatism
Dubois, Régis. "Le cinéma africain-américain : enjeux politiques et discours idéologiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10015.
Full textDzanouni, Lamia. "Le dessin journalistique au service du dessein politique des Noirs aux Etats-Unis et en France (1861-1965) : moments-clés et regards croisés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA121.
Full textWithin the framework of Histoire croisée, this thesis focuses on the impact of press drawings, in France and in the USA, on the black population’s fight to obtain rights at key moments between 1861 and 1965. Following their surrender at the end of the US Civil War, the Confederates bolstered their racist ideology with a new ideological weapon, the political cartoon, a major asset in the Union’s victory. In the XX century, th the African Americans reacted to the confederate propaganda and a war of images ensued. Simultaneously, some black artists went into exile in France in order to fight back more adequately. France provided an ideal environment for artistic expression due to hostility against them in Paris being lower than in the USA. Their success abroad thus demonstrated the responsibility and the complicity on the part of American institutions in terms of racial discrimination. That said, the French attitude was far from admirable when it came to its colonies, particularly those of black Africa. Though racism and discrimination were clearly visible within the USA, these mindsets were insinuated more perniciously within French society, the country’s newspapers contributing substantially to this pictorial emulation. A focus on the inter-crossings between these two countries reveals unique analogies in the representation of black people in the newspapers of the time, both within the segregationist system of the USA as well as within France’s colonial empire. The stereotypes developed by the racist press pervaded the collective subconscious as archetypes. The partisans of emancipation protested against this propagation through the use of their own image in different phases of their fight – between the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement in the United States; and from colonial France to the African independence movements. This analysis of the history of the press and of its illustrations seeks to shed light on the progressive convergence of American and French laws aiming at a society free from racial prejudice. It also underlines the idea that the image bears meaning, constituting a language in its own right, and that it plays a significant role in the construction and the deconstruction of racial inequality
Cras, Pierre. "Archétypes, caricatures et stéréotypes noirs du cinéma d'animation américain du XXe siècle (1907-1975)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA153.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the notions of archetypes, caricatures and stereotypes as well as their application to black characters in twentieth-century American animated films. In 1907, the very first animated film depicting a black character, “Coon”, was screened. “Coon” came from a long tradition of pejorative depictions that targeted African Americans and defined them down as “others” and “inferiors”. The first regular examples of these representations emerged in American comic strips and were drawn by cartoonists who soon became “animators”. A large part of the ideology and physical representations leading to the creation of these characters was inspired by pseudo-scientific theories that sanctioned black people “inferiority”, graphically and ideologically in the name of pseudo-sciences, including first and foremost physiognomy and phrenology, which first gained influence in Europe before reaching the United States. Vaudeville and Blackface Minstrelsy performances – popular shows that lampooned Black people and were performed by white actors in make-up from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1960s – also played a significant role in the creation of black otherness. The black characters in animated films were a reflection of these three cultural influences and remained unchanged until the 1940s. The negative depictions of African Americans in animated films began to evolve slowly when the United States entered World War II. Slow changes were perceptible through the use of bebop music in such films, although the vast majority of those films remained full of caricatures of Black people. Irrevocable changes rose in the post-war period, from old caricatures to new representations. Increasing demands by African Americans for equal rights created an ambiguity between their integrationist aspirations and the remaining visual traces going back to the period of slavery. The gradual legal gains achieved through their fight in the Civil Rights and Black Power movements led to a new televisual and cinematic imagery, which showed more positive sides of Blackness, despite the persistence of a conformist tone, sometimes out of touch with African American reality. The most faithful reflections of African American experience ultimately came from underground animated movies in the 1970s, in which prostitutes and hustlers added to a new social subtext
Alla, Koffi Jean. "Les représentations de la société traditionnelle de l'Afrique Noire : du roman colonial au roman contemporain africain." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082195.
Full textSylvanise, Frédéric. "L'idéologie des formes dans le parcours poétique de Langston Hughes." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100133.
Full textThe African-American poet Langston Hughes (1902-1967) has produced a considerable poetic oeuvre. Taking part in the aesthetic moment of the Harlem Renaissance, he stands out by defending the African-American folklore against the upholders of a British tradition of making verse. In his first works, he draws his inspiration from the rhythms of blues and jazz music to compose his poems which make him the mouthpiece of the Black people. The anti-authority ideology of his work is inscribed in his formal choices as much as in the content of the poems which was barely disturbing at the time. Contrary to what he did in the 1920s, he uses the poetic form as a means of Bolshevik propaganda in the 1930s and 1940s. Finally, in his last works, published between 1951 and 1961, he revives the musical experimentations of the 1920s, but in a more complex manner, inherited from Modernist techniques. The influence of Hughes's formal research on other poets is undeniable, especially in the musical field
Sylvanise, Vanessa. "Poétique de la dissimulation dans les œuvres de Toni Morrison et de Derek Walcott : différence et nouveauté dans la culture." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080033.
Full textToni Morrison and Derek Walcott, both English mother tongue writers from Afro-descendants, being part of the "black diaspora", are famous for the poetic analysis they propose about their history and their culture; the United States for Morrisson on the one hand, the Caribbean for Walcott on the other hand. However in their works, instead of the revelation and visibility standards, one can perceive a "no-power" to see culture along with a "no-power" to tell the history that gave birth to the cultural groups which are represented. Despite their poetic specificities, both give shape to the same poetics of dissimulation that puts the concept of culture into question submitting it to the secrets related to the history of slavery and colonialism that they both have in common. Shaking up the enonciation standards, using characters struck by the same ontological evil related to racial difference, both writings give shape poetically to the "black problem" enounced by Frantz Fanon and "say without saying while saying anyway" (Édouard Glissant) historical and cultural secrets that we share. As a performative poetics perturbing the linguistic and enunciative frontiers, the dissimulation produces the following questions: What does "black" mean, referring to a racial difference in English (black) as well as in French, but also in literature and within our context? How do we shift from a racial difference to a cultural difference? How is this difference produced? What does "diaspora" mean? How poetic works can renew culture when it appears problematic and negative from the very start?
Le, Fustec Claude. "Crise et regeneration : la quête d'unite dans la fiction de Toni Cade Bambara et Toni Morrison." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20002.
Full textTorn from their motherland and rejected by those who caused their exile, afro-americans live in a place where they have no recognised identity. Hence, for them, existing will mean bridging the gap between their african and american identities. Since the 1970s, this is precisely what afro-american women writers have been aiming at doing. Toni cade bambara and toni morrison, particularly, have tried to go beyond the imperialist-derived secularism of western culture that fragments reality and caused afro-americans, in du bois' terms, to experience "double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others". The crisis undergone by the afro-american psyche is thus studied in the etymological sense of the word, i. E. "separation", as reflected by bambara's and morrison's fiction. As a matter of fact, both writers have tried to substitute a regenerating sense of unity for the destructive dualism imposed by the ruling part of the american society. In their progression from a state of existential and stylistic crisis to a unified whole, their fictional writings demonstrate an equal urge to go beyond words in an attempt to grasp the essence of life, far beyond the limited and fragmenting vision conveyed by any ideology
Diarra, Amara. "Le nationalisme noir aux etats-unis et l'image de l'afrique dans la litterature afro-americaine contemporaine." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030079.
Full textWe have been trying to show in this dissertation that africa has never ceased to have a major role to play in the history of blacks in the united states, as a cultural component which guarantees their specific identity in the first place, and in the second place, as a reference of nationality that they claim as openly as the refusal of their integration in the american mainstream is implacable. Their claim of membership of an african world has gone through the times, from the initial attempts to emigrate to africa to the recent and more realistic pan-africanist trend. But their endeavour to break away from the traditional integrationist feelings seems to have been painful and the identification with africa is often coupled with ambivalence as in the case of the novelists who very often remain dependant on the traditional euro-american cliches of the primitive african. This being one of the reasons why their image of africa seems less precise than the one presented in the poetry. Indeed, the black poets have developed a more coherent image of africa which evolves as follow: they have reasserted the value of the past of their african ancestors, glorified the beauty of blackness, before they can claim an african identity, as they feel and present the problems of nowadays africa as their own. This celebration of an african personality by the afro-american writers, though it may reveal some romanticism, cannot be disregarded as a temporary extravaganza, for its echo reaching as far as the african continent itself, has helped to re-establish the links of kinship which had been broken for a long time, leading the afro-americans through a major turning point in their long and painful search of an identity
Weets, Tatiana. "L'oeuvre de John Wideman : une écriture de la clandestinité." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030200.
Full textJohn edgar wideman is the author of multilayered, complex texts. His novels, stories, memoirs and critical essays are characterised by the fluidity of their language and style which reflect a broad array of influences ranging from t. S. Eliot to past and present african-american writers as well as the blues. A most prominent influence is the author's past. The result is the creation of a very specific voice where lyricism and realism coexist. It is the creation of this personal idiom which has enabled wideman to reappropriate the stories of his community and to tell them in a language that does not betray them. The complexities of wideman's writing reveal his interest in literary experimentation but more fundamentally the necessity of a search for a form that will allow these stories, often verging on the unspeakable, to be spoken. These texts which mostly deal with testimony, memory and inheritance and which are thus profoundly personal nevertheless retain a collective value. In drawing from the most intimate wideman reaches the universal. This study of wideman's works as the writing of the unspeakable is threefold and relies mostly on the technique of close reading. It deals first with wideman's narrative choices and their opposition to what could be termed a narrative norm. My study then turns to the way in which the unspeakable and its metaphors inform these texts and finally with the links between loss, or absence, and writing. Ultimately this study concludes that if wideman's texts are so resistant to analysis it is largely because they attempt at recovering all that has been forgotten, at naming the nameless
Sylla, Salian. ""If negroes were to vote, I would persist in opening the door to females" : alliances et mésalliances autour du vote des femmes et des Noirs aux États-Unis, 1860-1920." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100004.
Full textIn the wake of a tragic civil war, the United States entered a period of Reconstruction that aroused many questions about the notion of liberty. Two groups were propelled into the center of the country’s public debate: Blacks and women. While the former became a central issue because their abolitionist allies wanted them to garner immediate citizenship (“This is the Negro’s hour”), the latter were trying to catch public attention because they had been longtime allies to the same abolitionists and were now claiming their own enfranchisement. That was the inception of a long period made of alliances interspersed with moments of blatant disagreement and even separation between black male militants, suffragists, black female franchise advocators, and their respective supporters or opponents. They were all caught in the twists and turns of struggles and causes that complemented one another. Though their motives were concomitant and compatible, they remained fundamentally distinct, even divergent in terms of principles and strategies, which sometimes sparked mutual hostility. They all entered a cycle of actions oscillating between a universal and a particular claim of the franchise. This situation prevailed until the advent of universal female suffrage in 1920 (except for black women in the South). Whether or not the success or failure of black males depended on the defeat of women, the successive defeats of both groups pointed out the reluctance of a society undergoing the convulsions sparked by its original contradictions stemming from the very period when it declared all men equal; all except Indians, Blacks, and women. The final enfranchisement of both women and Blacks took more than a century of alliances and dissociations in the midst of a tumult of successive support or opposition across the country’s political spectrum
Martin, Florence. "La chanteuse de blues et le roman féminin noir américain contemporain." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030109.
Full textClassic blues recordings transcribe the expression of an oral tradition with the means of a written one. This tradition shows a continuity in form: from the african tribal epics or narratives to the work-songs, religious hymns or entertainment songs on american plantations, its songs have always been performed according to a precise musical structure and specific harmonic and rhythmic patterns allowing the soloist to improvise and the audience to participate in the performance. The artist of the twenties, promoted black show-business star, would use the traditionnal oratory devices of her group in her songs (e. G. Reiteration and double-entendre) and deliver a coded message only the initiated could understand. The development of mass culture killed the classic blues; its contents and language were too intimate, too specific for the multi-ethnic audience of the united states. The classic blues singer was no longer heard at the beginning of the thirties. Yet neither the ancestral tradition of black american women's oral transmission, nor the process of encoding -- inherent to the composition and performance of every song -- disappeared. Today, the black american woman novelist draws her inspiration from the classic blues singer and becomes in turn, the present-day incarnation of the spokeswoman or singing woman of her community. The stars of the twenties are revived in her works of fiction while she writes according to a system of codes, giving the access keys only to her attentive readers
Cottenet, Cécile. "Histoires éditoriales : the conjure Woman de Charles W. CHesnutt (1899) et Cane de Jean Tooner (1923)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10022.
Full textLallemand-Stempak, Jean-Paul. "Peaux noires, blouses blanches : les Afro-Américains et le Mouvement pour les droits civiques en médecine (1940-1975)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0150.
Full textThis dissertation explores the role of medicine inside the Civil Rights Movement in the United States between the 1940s and 1975. Its aim to explain how African-Americans took advantage of medical issues and linked them to a political discourse in order to put an end to segregation and medical discriminations they suffered. At the crossroads of African American History, Social History and History of Medicine, this work analyses the strategies of the actors -physicians, associations, activists and the federal government - involved in this movement. The first part traces the origin of the Movement through the study of the scandal of the segregation of african-american blood donors by the American Red Cross during World War II. This scandal raised awareness for African-American associations about the key role played by medical issues in the struggle for civil rights. The second part focuses on the institutionalization of the movement led by the postwar NAACP. From a strategy of negotiation with the federal government, the NAACP -with the support of a few African-American physicians - was oriented, from 1954, toward a legal strategy to sue the practice of medical segregation. Eventually, in 1966, this militancy, combined with a federal will to impose desegregation, put an end to segregation in the medical community. The third part examines the continuity of the Movement after 1965 through the study of the first community health centers in the history of the United States. These centers were the site of conflicting discourses on the role to be played by the Black Power Movement in medicine
Curie, Fabien. "La NAACP et le Parti communiste face à la question des droits civiques, 1929-1941." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059773.
Full textTra-Lou, Tesan Monique. "Mythe et fiction : Rudolph FISHER, Nella LARSEN et Toni MORRISON." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070031.
Full textThis study focuses on the styles of three African-American authors through six novels: Rudolph Fisher's "The Walls of Jericho" and "The Conjure Man Dies", Nella Larsen's "Quicksand" and "Passing", Toni Morrison's "Beloved" and "Paradise". Using the myth functioning, the analysis seeks to highlight the many layers of narratives which blend poetry and visual and performance arts techniques with the prose. The characters and the plots thus create the conditions for a quest of a more vivid performing story. This tend to be both a way of thinking and a creative movement. Bitterness and happiness which are the basic emotions in life remain a way to drive the discurse from prose to the stage, on painting, carving, music and poetry fields. African religious practices are thus adjusted to the American black diasporic world. .
Agbessi, Éric. "Du droit de l'égalité à l'égalité de droit pour la communauté noire américaine, évolutions constitutionnelle, juridique et politique : à l'égalité de fait à travers trente ans d'action." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET2065.
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