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Light, Ben, Peta Mitchell, and Patrik Wikström. "Big Data, Method and the Ethics of Location: A Case Study of a Hookup App for Men Who Have Sex with Men." Social Media + Society 4, no. 2 (April 2018): 205630511876829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305118768299.
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With the rise of geo-social media, location is emerging as a particularly sensitive data point for big data and digital media research. To explore this area, we reflect on our ethics for a study in which we analyze data generated via an app that facilitates public sex among men who have sex with men. The ethical sensitivities around location are further heightened in the context of research into such digital sexual cultures. Public sexual cultures involving men who have sex with men operate both in spaces “meant” for public sex (e.g., gay saunas and dark rooms) and spaces “not meant” for public sex (e.g., shopping centers and public toilets). The app in question facilitates this activity. We developed a web scraper that carefully collected selected data from the app and that data were then analyzed to help identify ethical issues. We used a mixture of content analysis using Python scripts, geovisualisation software and manual qualitative coding techniques. Our findings, which are methodological rather than theoretical in nature, center on the ethics associated with generating, processing, presenting, archiving and deleting big data in a context where harassment, imprisonment, physical harm and even death occur. We find a tension in normal standards of ethical conduct where humans are involved in research. We found that location came to the fore as a key—though not the only—actor requiring attention when considering ethics in a big data context.
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Li, Dian-Jeng, Yu-Ping Chang, Yi-Lung Chen, and Cheng-Fang Yen. "The Impact of Emotional Symptoms and Family Support on the Association Between Homophobic Bullying and Sedative/Hypnotic Use among Gay and Bisexual Men in Taiwan: A Moderated Mediation Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113870.
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Sedative/hypnotic use and homophobic bullying have become a big mental health concern for gay and bisexual men. However, few studies have investigated the mediators and moderators of the association between them. The current study aimed to build a conceptual model to estimate the mediating effect of emotional symptoms and the moderating effect of family support on this association among gay and bisexual men in Taiwan. A total of 500 gay or bisexual men were recruited for the study. Their history of homophobic bullying, their experience of sedative/hypnotic use, their perceived family support, and their current emotional symptoms were evaluated using self-reporting questionnaires. A moderated mediation model was developed to test the mediating effect of emotional symptoms and the moderating effect of family support. A higher level of homophobic bullying was significantly associated with sedative/hypnotic use among gay and bisexual men and this was mediated by a higher severity of emotional symptoms. A moderating effect of family support was identified, wherein the mediating effect of emotional symptoms was weaker when there was a higher level of perceived family support, thus revealing the protective effect of family support. The significant impact of emotional symptoms and family support on the association between homophobic bullying and sedative/hypnotic use was identified. Timely interventions for emotional symptoms and the enhancement of family support are crucial for gay and bisexual men.
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Han, Chong-suk, George Ayala, Jay P. Paul, and Kyung-Hee Choi. "West Hollywood Is Not That Big on Anything but White People: Constructing “Gay Men of Color”." Sociological Quarterly 58, no. 4 (August 7, 2017): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2017.1354734.
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Pope, Mark. "The “Salad Bowl” is Big Enough for Us All: An Argument for the Inclusion of Lesbians and Gay Men in Any Definition of Multiculturalism." Journal of Counseling & Development 73, no. 3 (January 2, 1995): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01752.x.
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Hearn, Jeff. "So What Has Been, Is, and Might Be Going on in Studying Men and Masculinities?: Some Continuities and Discontinuities." Men and Masculinities 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18805550.
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Following introductory remarks on how the terms “masculinities” and “men” have been used differentially in recent critical studies on men and masculinities (CSMM), the article reviews some key aspects of CSMM - past, present and future. The diverse influences on CSMM have included various feminisms, gay studies, anti-imperialism, civil rights, anti-racism, green and environmental movements, as well as LGBTIQ+ movements, Critical Race Studies, Globalization/Transnational Studies, and Intersectionality Studies. In the present period, the range of theoretical and political approaches and influences on studies continues to grow, with, for example, queer, post-, post post-, new materialist, posthumanist, and science and technology studies, making for some discontinuities with established masculinities theory. In many regions, there are now more women working explicitly and long-term in the area, even if that is itself not new. CSMM have also become more geographically widespread, more dispersed, more comparative, international, transnational, postcolonial, decolonializing, globally “Southern”, global, globalized and globalizing; this diversifying feature is transforming CSMM. Key areas for future research are identified, including the relations of men and masculinities to: first, ecology, environment and climate change; second, ICTs, social media, AI, robotics and big data; third, transnational/global, transnational institutions and processes; and, fourth, nationalism, racism, authoritarianism, neo-fascism and political masculinism. Together, these make for a “lurking doom”. At the same time, there is a whole range of wider theoretical, methodological, epistemological and ontological questions to be taken up in CSMM much more fully in the future.
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Borsjé, C. "Multidisciplinary treatment approach in a patient with a severe gag reflex." Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde 124, no. 07/08 (July 7, 2017): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2017.07/08.17103.
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Svoboda, Martin, and Zuzana Rakovská. "How Big Is the Prize Money Gap? - Analysis of Prize Money in 2016 Grand Slam Tournaments." Financial Assets and Investing 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/fai2017-1-3.
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Since 2007 all Grand Slam tournaments have offered equal prize money for male and female tennis players. Although men and women are paid equally in Grand Slams they still play a different number of best-of sets – men play best-of-five set matches while women play best-of-three set matches. Those two competing circumstances created a financial gap in prize money paid to women and men for the unit of effort in a tennis play – for a game. The present paper estimates this financial gap for 2016 Grand Slam tournaments. Moreover, it demonstrates the nominal magnitude of this gap and its effect on year-to-year increasing prize money that are paid to winners. The results showed that women on average obtained 60% more prize money for a game played than men in all four 2016 Grand Slams.
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JIA, DUOJE, YAN XU, ZHAOXIN LI, FENGCHAO HOU, and ZHAOYANG CHEN. "NONDEGENERATED SPIN STATES OF A TRAPPED SPINOR BOSE GAS BEYOND MEAN FIELD THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 03 (January 30, 2008): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920803851x.
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An effective Hamiltionian with level splitting of the collective spin states is derived for a spinor Bose condensate of trapped atoms with hyperfine spin f = 1 beyond the single-mode approximation. The splitting of these spin states arises from quantum polarization between the mf = +1 and mf = -1 spin channels, and is characterized by small magnetization exhibited by the trapped gas. For big ferromagnetic 87 Rb and antiferromagnetic 23 Na Bose gases, the splitting fraction in total energy increases as -N-1 and decreases as N-2 when the atom number N varies, with typical order of 10-6 and 10-4, respectively. In the case of small condensates, the splitting fraction increases as -N-2, with typical order of 10-5~10-6, both for 87 Rb and 23 Na atoms. In both cases of the big and small condensates, the splitting energy is analogous to the anisotropic energy of a magnet, being proportional to the square of the pseudo-magnetization.
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Polakova, Gabriela. "GENDER PAY GAP: EVIDENCE FROM THE CZECH PRIVATE COMPANY." Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/balkans.jetss.2020.3.1.19-26.
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The aim of this article is to find out if in the analyzed company there exists a pay discrimination between women and men. If so, how big it is and what impact it has on real salaries. In the analyzed company the survey was focused on the salaries´ differentiation of random sample of 30 women and 30 men working on the same or similar positions, enrolled in the same pay scales and working full time. The prerequisite for the distribution of salaries in the population was a normal distribution. The construction of two-sided confidence interval for estimating salary variation in the population was based on ꭓ2 distribution and give us a reply on the question at what interval the standard deviation of salaries in the population of all men and women in the company can be expected with 95% probability. For this purpose, there was used the estimate of variance of the population. Findings show a still occurring gender pay gap.
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Schulte, Lothar. "„Massendinghaltung“ oder „Big Data“?" Praehistorische Zeitschrift 96, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 206–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0030.
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Zusammenfassung Im vorgelegten Beitrag wird eine kritische Haltung der theoretisch orientierten Archäologie gegenüber großen Objektsammlungen und deren Auswertungen beleuchtet, die der deutschsprachigen Archäologie unter dem Begriff „Massendinghaltung“ seit einer Tagung mit dem Titel „Massendinghaltung in der Archäologie“ vom 23.–25.5.2013 bekannt ist. Der kritischen bis ablehnenden Haltung gegenüber werden im Beitrag fünf Beispiele einer Datensammlung aus der Römischen Kaiserzeit gegenübergestellt, die nur aufgrund umfangreicher Materialkollektionen analysiert werden konnten. So sind es zunächst verkupferte Eisenobjekte, bei denen sich zu zwei bereits bekannten Gürteldosen noch eine Fibel A VII sowie ein kleiner Eimerberlock gesellen. Sie zeigen, dass Verkupfern auch germanischen Feinschmieden möglich war. Eine Aufnahme von versteinerten Seeigeln (Echiniten) zeigt, dass solche recht seltenen Fundobjekte bislang nicht bearbeitet wurden, da sie als wenig wertvoll erscheinen und der Rechercheaufwand für diese Objekte als zu hoch angesehen werden dürfte. Als drittes Beispiel wurden die bereits bearbeiteten Knopfhenkelgefäße ausgesucht. Mit Hilfe einer datenbankgestützten Aufnahme von mittlerweile mehr als 30.000 Grabinventaren sowie weiterer Literaturrecherchen kann das bisherige Fundbild überprüft, ergänzt und gegebenenfalls auch erweitert werden. Als viertes Beispiel werden die häufig vorkommenden Bernsteinfunde vorgestellt. Sieht man von Tempelmann-Mączyńskas Arbeit über Perlen ab, wurde bislang kein Versuch unternommen, diese Objektkategorie überregional zu bearbeiten. Durch ihre Arbeit hatte man bisher einen recht leidlichen Eindruck vom Vorkommen dieser Fundkategorie, insbesondere was Deutschland anging. Die wiederholt geäußerte Ansicht, Bernstein könnten in Brandbestattungen nicht vorkommen, weil sie mit verbrannt wären, stellt sich als Topos dar. Ein deutlicher Schwerpunkt im Elb-Saale-Gebiet zeigt hier eine Region auf, die entweder als Abnehmer früh in Erscheinung treten oder gar als Zwischenhändler für die Zeit ab dem 3. Jahrhundert infrage kommen. Zu guter Letzt sind mittlerweile Dank einer großen Anzahl an Siedlungs- und vor allem Gräberfeldpublikationen statistische Auswertungen zu Bevölkerungsgrößen und demographischen Veränderungen möglich, wie an den zwei Beispielen des östlichen Holsteins und der Altmark illustriert werden kann. Umfangreiche Publikationen von Datensammlungen sind mittlerweile allgegenwärtig in der Archäologie. Neben Museen, die Teile ihrer Sammlungen der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich machen, sind auch zahlreiche spezialisierte Datenbanken, etwa zu Terra sigillaten oder Münzen, online zugänglich. In einigen Ländern, wie z. B. Norwegen, wird systematisch ein großer Teil der archäologischen Funde in einer Online-Datenbank zur weiteren Verwertung publiziert. Das automatisierte Auswerten großer unsortierter Datenmengen, das mit dem Begriff Big Data verbunden ist, wurde bereits mehrfach sinnvoll eingesetzt, wie das NEOMINE-Projekt oder das Projekt „ancient places“ der Alphabet Inc. zeigt. Eine pauschale Ablehnung großer Objekt- und Datensammlungen bleibt angesichts der Möglichkeiten und vor allem in den Naturwissenschaften bereits etablierten Methoden unverständlich und sollte zugunsten eines objektiveren und natürlich nicht unkritischen Blicks auf neue Forschungsmethoden überdacht werden.
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Kwaśnik, Marta. "From Big Bang to Big Gap? Potential Links Between Agency-Communion Orientation and Perception of Creativity in Computer Science." Creativity. Theories – Research - Applications 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ctra-2016-0022.
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AbstractThis study provides preliminary data on the dynamic role of participants’ agency-communion orientation in their perception of fictional students’ agency, communion and creativity, depending on descriptions of stereotypical and unstereotypical traits and behaviours. I propose that a stereotypically masculine description (i.e. more agentic) will boost the male’s - but not the female’s - perceived creativity. Polish students majoring in computer science (N = 108) read short stories about male and female interns at an IT company. Participants assessed the interns’ agency, communion and creativity. The results demonstrated that the image of the agentic man as well as the participants’ agentic-orientation are significant predictors of a male’s perceived creativity. The findings are discussed in terms of the gender-based nature of the agency-communion concept.
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Innes, G., M. Sivilotti, H. J. Ovens, A. Chochinov, K. McLelland, C. Kim Sing, D. J. MacKinnon, et al. "LO18: How big is emergency access block in Canadian hospitals?" CJEM 19, S1 (May 2017): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.80.
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Introduction: Emergency department (ED) access block is the #1 safety concern in Canadian EDs. Its main cause is hospital access block, manifested by prolonged boarding of inpatients in EDs. Hospital administrators often believe this problem is too big to be solved and would require large increases in hospital capacity. Our objective was to quantify ED access gap by estimating the cumulative hours that CTAS 1-3 patients are blocked in waiting areas. This value, expressed as a proportion of inpatient care capacity, is an estimate of the bed hours a hospital would have to find in order to resolve ED access. Methods: A convenience sample of urban Canadian ED directors were asked to provide data summarizing their CTAS 1-3 inflow, the proportion triaged to nursed stretchers vs. RAZ or Intake areas, and time to care space. Total ED access gap was calculated by multiplying the number of CTAS 1-3 patients by their average delay to care space. Time to stretcher was captured electronically at participating sites, but time to RAZ or intake spaces was often not. In such cases, respondents provided time from triage to first RN or MD assessment in these areas. The primary outcome was total annual ED access block hours for emergent-urgent patients, expressed as a proportion of funded inpatient bed hours. Results: Directors of 40 EDs were queried. Six sites did not gather the data elements required. Of 34 remaining, 29 (85.3%) provided data, including 15 tertiary (T), 10 community (C) and 2 pediatric (P) sites in 12 cities. Mean census for the 3 ED types was 72,308 (T), 58,849 C) and 61,050 (P) visits per year. CTAS 1-3 patients accounted for 73.4% (T), 67.7% (C) and 66.2% (P) of visits in the 3 groups, and 34% (T), 46% (C) and 44% (P) of these patients were treated in RAZ or intake areas rather than staffed ED stretchers. Mean time to stretcher/RAZ care was 50/71 min (T), 46/62 min (C), and 37/59 min (P). Average ED access gap was 47,564 hrs (T), 37,222 hrs (C) and 35,407 hrs (P), while average inpatient bed capacity was 599 beds (5,243,486 hrs), 291 beds (2,545,875 hrs) and 150 beds (1,314,000 hrs) respectively. ED access gap as a proportion of inpatient care capacity was 0.93% for tertiary, 1.46% for community and 2.69% for pediatric centres. Conclusion: ED access gap is very large in Canadian EDs, but small compared to hospital operating capacity. Hospital capacity or efficiency improvements in the range of 1-3% could profoundly mitigate ED access block.
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Burnette, Joyce, and Maria Stanfors. "Understanding the Gender Gap Further: The Case of Turn-of-the-Century Swedish Compositors." Journal of Economic History 80, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 175–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205071900086x.
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To better understand the historical gender wage gap, we investigate the wages of Swedish compositors circa 1900 using a rich data set of matched employer-employee information with national coverage. In line with previous findings, women earned about 70 percent of men’s wages on average. Individual and job characteristics explain much of this shortfall. Firm characteristics or firm fixed effects, on average, explain 17 percent of the gap, though the firm mattered more for the gender gap in big cities than elsewhere. Sorting across firms is thus an important part of understanding historical gender wage gaps. While most studies conclude that a significant portion of the gender gap is unexplained, suggesting labor market discrimination, this may result from a lack of information on the distribution of men and women across firms.
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Amunga, Jane, and Amadalo Maurice Musasia. "The Gender STEM Gap and Its Impact on Sustainable Development Goals and the Big Four Agenda in Kenya: A Synthesis of Literature." International Journal of Contemporary Education 4, no. 1 (October 11, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijce.v4i1.5042.
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Women have made significant progress in education through marked increase in enrolment. However, the same zeal has not been demonstrated in STEM based subjects and careers. The gender STEM scale still tips in favour of men in many countries across the world. This imbalance in the STEM fields owing to dominance by men is what creates the STEM Gap. In this paper, we synthesize literature and secondary data to show these disparities. We appreciate that STEM gap drivers are numerous and therefore zero in on what we consider the critical STEM gap drivers with respect to Kenya. We identify and succinctly discuss these critical drivers which are: self-concept and lack of resilience, teachers’ and parental expectations, role models and stereotyping, work environment and family obligations and finally weak scholastic performance. We also assess how this gender STEM gap is likely to affect the achievement of a number of Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) and the Big Four Agenda and in the process, steer the country away from the path of industrialization envisaged in Vision 2030. We explain why it is important to mitigate the STEM gap and get more women in STEM. We recommend that, parents should deconstruct their own stereotypes; teachers should debunk the myth about STEM being the preserve of superior mental abilities that girls lack, students should acknowledge that STEM drives the economy and opens up employment opportunities, institutions should have a STEM endowment fund and industries should institute policies that enhance retention of women in STEM careers. It is expected that these if addressed should enhance women’s participation in STEM based subjects so that they can build careers in STEM.
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Gad, Christopher, and Peter Lauritsen. "Overvågning som situeret praksis – et teoretisk bidrag til overvågningsforskningen." Dansk Sociologi 21, no. 2 (April 24, 2010): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v21i2.3280.
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To metaforer, Big Brother og panoptikon, dominerer diskussioner om overvågnings generelle karakteristika. På trods af forskelle bidrager de begge til at skabe en bekymret og kritisk indstilling til fænomenet og rummer derved nogle væsentlige analytiske begrænsninger.
Med udgangspunkt i Donna Haraways begreb om ”situeret viden” og Bruno Latours begreb om ”oligoptikon” udvikler artiklen en alternativ forståelse, hvor overvågning ses som et situeret fænomen. Begrebet ”situeret overvågning” udvikles videre gennem et empirisk studie af overvågningspraksis på det danske fiskerikontrolskib Vestkysten. Det viser sig, at overvågning på Vestkysten ikke lader sig indfange med Big Brother og panoptikon som udgangspunkt. På Vestkysten handler overvågning også om omsorg, modstand, friktion og om en situation, hvor forholdet mellem overvåger og overvåget udviskes.
Søgeord: Situeret viden, Big Brother, panoptikon, oligopticon, overvågning, fiskerikontrol.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Christopher Gad and Peter Lauritsen: Surveillance as Situated Practice
Two ideas dominate the debates about the general characteristics of surveillance: Big Brother and the panopticon. These ideas foster a critical stance towards surveillance and have important analytical limitations. This paper develops an alternative understanding of surveillance as a situated phenomenon. Drawing on the work of Donna Haraway and Bruno Latour the concept of “situated surveillance” is developed through a case study of surveillance activities onboard the Danish fisheries inspection vessel Vestkysten. The case study shows how surveillance in this context is different from what one would imagine if Big Brother or the panopticon was chosen as starting point for analysis. Surveillance onboard Vestkysten is about care, resistance and friction in a situation in which the distinction between the observer and the observed is blurred.
Key words: Situated knowledge, Big Brother, panopticon, oligopticon, surveillance, fisheries inspection.
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Ding, Lei. "CRH VIP Seats Human-Machine Scale Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 69 (July 2011): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.69.108.
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China railway high-speed still in the infant stage, no matter referring to technology or design, we have relative big gap comparing to German ICE, French Alstom and Japanese Shinkansen. Nowadays, the inner seat (first-class, second class) of our country’s very high-speed train mainly depended on introduction, and we did not match well the seat’s man-machine measure and Chinese man-machine measure as we introducing from abroad the technology. Accordingly, it is easily to cause a lot of problems.
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Hanh, Phung Tran My. "Enhancing Roles of Banks and the Comparison of Market Risk and Risk Policy Implications in Group of Listed Vietnam Banks During 2 Stages: Pre and Post-Low Inflation Period." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 1723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i2.1794.
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By classifying period 2011-2020 into 2 stages: pre-low (L) inflation stage (2011-2015) and post-low inflation stage (2015-2020), we can compare market risk in total 7 listed big banks in Vietnam including: Previous SOEs banks (including VCB and CTG) and Previous Private banks (including STB, SHB, NVB, EIB and ACB). Authors then use combination of quantitative methods (statistics, calculation formulas) and qualitative methods including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods, esp. Authors use comparison methods for analyzing and evaluating beta CAPM (Stand for market risk) of banks in 2 special stages. The research findings tell us that In groups of banks (SOEs previously) VCB and CTG we find out: beta mean GAP of CTG higher than beta mean GAP of VCB case (0.24 > 0.19), and GAP of beta mean is positive in this case for both periods. In groups of joint stock banks (private banks) SHB, STB, NVB, ACB and EIB we figure out: beta mean GAP of STB is the highest (0.68) while only 1 case SHB, in which beta mean GAP is negative (-0.26). Besides, this study also give out recommendations for risk policy implications for bank system and for the country.
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Huang, He, Mierk Schwabe, and Cheng-Ran Du. "Identification of the Interface in a Binary Complex Plasma Using Machine Learning." Journal of Imaging 5, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5030036.
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A binary complex plasma consists of two different types of dust particles in an ionized gas. Due to the spinodal decomposition and force imbalance, particles of different masses and diameters are typically phase separated, resulting in an interface. Both external excitation and internal instability may cause the interface to move with time. Support vector machine (SVM) is a supervised machine learning method that can be very effective for multi-class classification. We applied an SVM classification method based on image brightness to locate the interface in a binary complex plasma. Taking the scaled mean and variance as features, three areas, namely small particles, big particles and plasma without dust particles, were distinguished, leading to the identification of the interface between small and big particles.
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Gossec, L., G. Citera, A. Sellas-Fernández, D. C. Gruben, M. Valderrama, and S. Gómez. "POS1025 TOFACITINIB TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AND PROBABLE DEPRESSION AND/OR ANXIETY: A POST HOC ANALYSIS OF TWO PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 782.1–782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.176.
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Background:Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in patients (pts) with psoriatic arthritis (PsA),1 with inflammation a key pathogenic feature of depression in these pts.2 Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of PsA. It acts by modulating immune and inflammatory responses. The link between major depressive disorder/generalised anxiety disorder (MDD/GAD), inflammation and tofacitinib effectiveness has not been fully explored.Objectives:Analyse the prevalence of probable MDD/GAD in pts with PsA initiating tofacitinib treatment and the impact of baseline (BL) probable MDD/GAD status on tofacitinib efficacy in these pts.Methods:This was a post hoc analysis of data from pts who received tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily (BID), or placebo (PBO), pooled from two Phase 3 trials (12-month OPAL Broaden [NCT01877668];3 6-month OPAL Beyond [NCT01882439]4). Pts with BL probable MDD and/or GAD were identified by a Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) Mental Component Summary score (MCS) ≤38. Pt demographics/BL characteristics and outcomes were stratified by the presence (SF-36 MCS ≤38) or absence (SF-36 MCS >38) of BL probable MDD/GAD. At Months (M)3/6/9/12, changes from BL in SF-36 MCS were evaluated, and efficacy assessed by the proportions of pts who achieved: Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) ≤3.2, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) improvement ≥0.35 and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) improvement ≥4. BL global pain was measured via visual analogue scale.Results:Of the 706 pts included in this analysis, BL probable MDD/GAD was identified in 46.2%, 44.9% and 46.2% of pts in the tofacitinib 5 mg BID (108/234), tofacitinib 10 mg BID (106/236) and PBO (109/236) groups, respectively. BL disease activity was similar across the three treatment groups, independent of probable MDD/GAD status (mean PASDAS: 6.1–6.4 in pts with vs 5.8–6.1 in pts without probable MDD/GAD). In the tofacitinib 5 mg BID group, mean BL scores for HAQ-DI (1.4 vs 1.0), FACIT-F total score (20.5 vs 32.4) and global pain (61.3 vs 51.5) indicated worse disability, fatigue and pain, respectively, for pts with vs without BL probable MDD/GAD. Similar findings were seen in the tofacitinib 10 mg BID and PBO groups. At M3, improvements from BL in SF-36 MCS in pts with probable MDD/GAD were numerically, but not significantly, greater with tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID vs PBO, and these changes were largely sustained to M12 (Figure 1a). At M3, numerically greater proportions of pts achieved improvements in PASDAS, HAQ-DI and FACIT-F with tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg BID vs PBO, regardless of BL probable MDD/GAD status (Figure 1b–d). Through M3–12, the proportions of pts who achieved PASDAS ≤3.2 with tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg BID were generally significantly greater in pts without vs with probable MDD/GAD (Figure 1b). At all timepoints, rates of improvement in HAQ-DI with tofacitinib 5 mg BID were numerically greater in pts with vs without probable MDD/GAD, whereas the opposite was true for tofacitinib 10 mg BID (Figure 1c). FACIT-F improvement rates with tofacitinib 10 mg BID were consistently numerically greater in pts with vs without probable MDD/GAD, while findings were mixed for tofacitinib 5 mg BID (Figure 1d).Conclusion:Around 46% of pts with PsA treated with tofacitinib had BL probable MDD/GAD (SF-36 MCS ≤38). Pts with BL probable MDD/GAD treated with tofacitinib had sustained changes in SF-36 MCS. Rates of clinical improvement with tofacitinib were generally greater in pts without vs with probable MDD/GAD, whereas findings for disability and fatigue improvements varied between tofacitinib doses. Further research is required to evaluate the relationship between PsA and depression, to improve treatment targets and the quality of life of pts with PsA.References:[1]Zhao et al. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39: 217-225.[2]Mathew & Chandran. Rheumatol Ther 2020; 7: 287-300.[3]Mease et al. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 1537-1550.[4]Gladman et al. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 1525-1536.Acknowledgements:Study sponsored by Pfizer Inc. Medical writing support was provided by Emma Deeks, CMC Connect, and funded by Pfizer Inc.Disclosure of Interests:Laure Gossec Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, UCB, Gustavo Citera Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Gema, Genzyme, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Sanofi Genzyme, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Gema, Genzyme, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Sanofi Genzyme, Agustí Sellas-Fernández: None declared, David C Gruben Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Monica Valderrama Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Susana Gómez Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc.
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Nassereddine, Abdallah. "Business education in the Arab region: accreditation and pricing in the case of Lebanon." Journal of International Education in Business 11, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 256–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jieb-04-2018-0012.
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PurposeAccreditation as a mean to improve the position of the university has become one of the major illustration of non-price competition. Three major accreditation bodies, known as the “big three”, dominate the market of business schools’ accreditation in the world, namely, AACSB, EQUIS and AMBA. This paper aims to explore the current of accreditation of business schools in Lebanon, and to test for the difference of tuition fees between accredited institutions by any of the “big three” and other business schools.Design/methodology/approachUsing a desktop research approach, the paper provides the list of the accredited business schools from the “big three” in the Arab region and Lebanon and compiles data about the number of business schools in Lebanon since 1960, their tuition fees, and their accreditation status. Using a parametric and nonparametric procedure, the paper compares the tuition mean difference between accredited and non-accredited business schools.FindingsThe paper reveals an alarming slow progress in the Arab world when it comes to accreditation. In Lebanon, the paper finds that only seven out of 37 business schools are accredited and only three hold an accreditation from the “big three”. The two samplest-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test show that accredited schools charge tuition fees that are three times the average of other schools.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper can be improved by using a larger sample and investigate the effect of accreditation on tuition fees.Practical implicationsThe results highlight the existence of a gap when it comes to accreditation in the Arab region and the importance of policy-making in promoting accreditation. Moreover, business schools in Lebanon should be aware that accreditation with the “big three” could be associated with substantial increase in tuition fees.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to investigate the state of accreditation of business schools in Lebanon and its association with tuition fees.
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Popova, Daria. "The impact of the gender composition of households on inequality and poverty: a comparison across Russia and Eastern Europe." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00031-4.
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This study compares poverty and income distribution among gender subgroups in Russia and four East European countries—Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary and Poland—in 2000. Does the gender poverty gap exist in these countries and if yes, how big is it? How much does the level of gender inequality contribute to explaining the level of aggregate inequality and poverty within each country? To what extent may the differences emerging in cross-country comparisons of poverty and inequality be explained by differences in the gender composition of households, e.g., the prevalence of female-dominated households? These are the questions I seek to answer in this paper.Equivalent expenditure is adopted as a measure of economic welfare of households with different gender ratios. The gender gap is defined as the degree of distance between the economic welfare of households dominated by women and households dominated by men. Headcount poverty and average poverty shortfalls are calculated using relative poverty lines. Inequality is measured by Gini and Theil L coefficients.
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Jensen, Dennis, Larry A. Wolfe, Denis E. O'Donnell, and Gregory A. L. Davies. "Chemoreflex control of breathing during wakefulness in healthy men and women." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 3 (March 2005): 822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01208.2003.
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This study used a modified CO2 rebreathing procedure to examine the effect of gender on the chemoreflex control of breathing during wakefulness in healthy men ( n = 14) and women ( n = 14). Women were tested in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. During rebreathing trials, subjects hyperventilated to reduce the partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2) below 25 Torr and were then switched to a rebreathing bag containing a normocapnic hypoxic or hyperoxic gas mixture. During the trial, PetCO2 increased, while O2 was maintained at a constant level. The point at which ventilation began to rise as PetCO2 increased was identified as the ventilatory recruitment threshold (VRT). Ventilation below the VRT was measured, and the slope of the ventilatory response above the VRT was determined. Gender had no effect on the hyperoxic or hypoxic VRT for CO2. Central chemoreflex sensitivity was significantly greater in men than women but not after correction for forced vital capacity. Measures of peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity were similar between genders. However, the slope of the tidal volume (Vt) response to hyperoxic and hypoxic CO2 rebreathing (corrected and uncorrected) was greater in men than women, respectively. We conclude that central chemoreflex sensitivity is greater in men compared with women as reflected by differences in ventilatory (uncorrected) and Vt (corrected and uncorrected) responses to CO2. However, gender has no significant effect on the central chemoreflex VRT for CO2. The peripheral chemoreflex control of breathing during wakefulness is similar between men and women.
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Zivkovic, Vladimir, Fehim Jukovic, and Slobodan Nikolic. "Suicidal asphyxiation by propane-butane mixture inside a plastic bag: Case report." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 5-6 (2010): 376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1006376z.
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Introduction Volatiles are easily accessible and widely used in a form of liquid petroleum gas. Death as a consequence of inhalation of volatiles can be either accidental or suicidal. Case Outline We present a 62-year-old men who committed suicide by placing a plastic bag over the head and inhaling propane-butane mixture from a domestic gas tank. A rubber hose was attached to the tank valve and connected with the plastic bag. The body of the deceased showed signs of advanced postmortal changes. A suicidal note was found at the scene. Conclusion Propane-butane mixture, i.e. liquified petroleum gas leads to the depletion of oxygen in the air consequently causing hypoxia and anoxia, and therefore, unconsciousness and eventual death. The mechanisms of death in cases of volatile inhalation include cardiac arrhythmias, reflex cardiac vagal inhibition, and/or central nervous system depression. Similar mechanisms occur in cases of asphyxiation with a plastic bag. The reconstruction of the event in this case was based, not so much on autopsy findings (because of significant putrefaction changes), but on the police investigation and traces found at the scene. .
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Swain, Rajanikanta, C. Behera, Shyam Kishore, Karthik Krishna, and S. K. Gupta. "Suicidal asphyxiation by carbon monoxide within a polythene bag." Medico-Legal Journal 85, no. 1 (September 25, 2016): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817216669286.
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Suicide by inhalation of carbon monoxide is not uncommon and usually involves car exhausts or burning charcoal or defective boilers. We report a case of a 25-year-old man, who committed suicide by inhaling carbon monoxide gas inside a polythene bag in a bathroom. The open carbon monoxide cylinder found inside the polythene bag was purchased online by the deceased a few days earlier. He had stated that the gas would be used for his experiment on the environment. A suicide note recovered from his trouser pocket revealed his intention for a painless death.
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Vasquez, Katherine L., Wayne A. Mackay, Marisa M. Wall, and Tim D. Davis. "Effect of Flower Age on Ethylene Synthesis in Big Bend Bluebonnet, Lupinus havardii." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 486c—486. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.486c.
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Endogenous ethylene production of an advance breeding line and an unimproved population of L. havardii was measured to determine at what age open flowers begin to synthesize ethylene. Twenty to 30 immature flower racemes from greenhouse-grown plants were randomly selected and tagged in each plant population. Every 24 h, the uppermost open flower was tagged on the selected racemes. On the 10th day, tagged racemes were harvested from each population group. Flowers were removed from the raceme, placed into 10-ml vials (six flowers/vial), and incubated at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). Ethylene was analyzed using a gas chromatograph. Detectable ethylene levels were most prevalent in 3- to 4-day old flowers. Mean ethylene rates were 1.7 nl/g per h and 1.1 nl/g per h for 4-day-old flowers of the advance breeding line and unimproved population, respectively. Senescing flowers (10 days old) of the advanced breeding line and unimproved population had ethylene rates of 7.9 and 6.7 nl/g per h, respectively.
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Sharke, Paul. "So Long, Pump Monkey." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 08 (August 1, 2003): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-aug-3.
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This article reviews the use of the electric car around town, and save gas and short-trip abuse to gasoline-powered mainframe. With gasoline so cheap, making the case for CNG vehicles and home filling is difficult based on economics alone. A person would have to log quite a few natural gas miles before he would have recovered the cost of the home fueling station. Engineers seeing the big picture on the hydrogen economy know that hydrogen has to be made, generally either by electrolyzing water or reforming hydrocarbons. Most of the time, that will mean burning coal or natural gas to produce the electricity needed for electrolyzing water—or reforming natural gas. Natural gas with home refilling makes better sense for daily commuting. Use of an alternative fuel vehicle rewards the choice with a waiver for a single-occupant vehicle to ride in the HOV lanes. Plug-in hybrids can double fuel economy in city and highway cycles operating solely in the gasoline-sustaining mode. Trips made on batteries alone are, of course, pure EV allies. Plug-in hybrids remain experimental.
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Li, Rong, Bing Zhen Zhang, and Bin Zhang. "Structural Modification and Airflow Optimization of Bag-Type Collector Based on Flue-Gas Rich-Lean Separation." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.553.
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With the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, three dimensional gas-solid two-phase flow field was simulated and analyzed for HMC-64 pulse-jet cleaned bag-type collector. The simulation data and the actual operating parameters were compared, and the airflow distribution of bag-type collector was comprehensively learned. On the basis of the original analysis, the reconstruction about flue-gas rich-lean separation combining lateral extension at the entrance of bag filter was put forward. The velocity distribution and the mass flow rate of all filter bags were compared. Results showed that through using rich-lean separation combining lateral extension, the airflow distribution of each filter bag was optimized. The integrated flow non-uniform amplitude and the relative root-mean-square value became lower than those of original model. These conclusions about the structural modification and the airflow optimization provide theoretical foundation for further research.
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Cavalcante, Antônio R., José A. Santos Júnior, Guilherme de F. Furtado, and Lúcia H. G. Chaves. "Gas exchanges and photochemical efficiency of hydroponic bell pepper under salinity and plant density." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 1 (January 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n1p3-8.
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ABSTRACT Gas exchanges and chlorophyll a fluorescence are ways to physiologically analyze the response of plants to salt stress. In this context, the present work was conducted between August and November 2016 in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Campina Grande (7°12’52” S, 35°54’24” W, mean altitude of 550 m), using bell pepper plants cv. All Big, exposed to levels of nutrient solution electrical conductivity (1.7, 3.7, 5.7, 7.7, 9.7 and 11.7 dS m-1) and cultivated in hydroponic system, spaced by 0.2 and 0.3 m, focusing on the analysis of gas exchanges and photochemical efficiency. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates. Plant density influenced the sensitivity of the gas exchanges to salinity and, when reduced, mitigated its effects at higher salinity levels. Increasing plant density at high levels of electrical conductivity caused damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and even reduced the levels of efficiency of the photosystem II from 3.98 dS m-1.
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Colunga-Pedraza, I. J., G. Serna-Peña, D. Alpizar-Rodriguez, N. Guajardo-Jauregui, R. Galarza-Molina, D. Á. Galarza-Delgado, C. F. Pacheco Tena, and M. A. Reyes Soto. "AB0852 BREAKING THE GLASS CEILING IN MEXICAN RHEUMATOLOGY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1450.1–1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3417.
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Background:The term “glass ceiling” has been used since the late eighties, to designate an invisible barrier that prevents highly qualified women from reaching positions of responsibility in the organizations they work. (1) At first, this concept was used to analyze the career of women who, having a professional career and a high level of competition in their workplaces, encountered an interference when trying to advance in their careers. (2). The so-called “glass ceiling” refers to a last barrier based on prejudice towards women that prevents them from advancing to high-level positions.Currently, there is almost the same number of men and women affiliated to the Mexican College of Rheumatology (CMR). The position of president is the highest directorial position, we undertook the task of evaluating the percentage of women who have historically held that leadership position.Objectives:To assess the percentage of woman who have occupied the position of president of the Mexican College of Rheumatology.Methods:Observational, cross-sectional study. We evaluated the number of man and women who have historically held the position of president of the CMR.Results:Currently, the CMR has 630 active members, 308 women (48.9%) and 322 men (51.1%). Among rheumatologists younger than 40 years of age, women represent 58% (n=128). We found that historically the CMR has had 48 presidents, of which only 4 (8.3%) are women.Conclusion:There is a big gender gap between presidents of the CMR. It is important to talk about the gender perspective and recognize the causes that have originated this gap. Incorporating the gender perspective in senior management is a pending issue for our CMR.References:[1]Barberá E, Ramos A, Sarrió M, et al. Laberinto de cristal en el liderazgo de las mujeres. Psicothema 2011;23(2):173-179.[2]Bustos O. Mujeres rompiendo el techo de cristal: el caso de las universidades. OMNIA - Revista de la Coordinación de Estudios de Posgrado 2002(41);1-7.Acknowledgements:We have no acknowledgements to declare.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Smith, Paul Julian. "Screenings." Film Quarterly 69, no. 4 (2016): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2016.69.4.78.
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FQ Columnist Paul Julian Smith traces the changes in queer Mexican cinema since the 1990s and asks: What does it mean for a film to be both queer and mainstream? Recent Mexican features with lesbian, gay, and trans themes pose this question. They are audience-friendly genre movies, either romantic comedies or thrillers, naturalistic in style, apolitical in attitude, and commercially produced in the hope of exhibition in theaters. Reaching out through social media to a queer community of viewers, they also seek to connect closely with their audience. Smith suggests that a new corpus of queer films is emerging that may be premature in rejecting the political and artistic radicalism of earlier Mexican queer cinema. The great virtue of these new queer films, however, is that they aim to connect with an audience beyond the art house that needs—in these changing, challenging times—to see this newly visible community represented on the big screen.
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Chen, Liang, Peng Jin, Jing Yang, Yang Li, and Yi Song. "Robust Kalman Filter-Based Dynamic State Estimation of Natural Gas Pipeline Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (March 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5590572.
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To obtain the accurate transient states of the big scale natural gas pipeline networks under the bad data and non-zero mean noises conditions, a robust Kalman filter-based dynamic state estimation method is proposed using the linearized gas pipeline transient flow equations in this paper. Firstly, the dynamic state estimation model is built. Since the gas pipeline transient flow equations are less than the states, the boundary conditions are used as supplementary constraints to predict the transient states. To increase the measurement redundancy, the zero mass flow rate constraints at the sink nodes are taken as virtual measurements. Secondly, to ensure the stability under bad data condition, the robust Kalman filter algorithm is proposed by introducing a time-varying scalar matrix to regulate the measurement error variances correctly according to the innovation vector at every time step. At last, the proposed method is applied to a 30-node gas pipeline network in several kinds of measurement conditions. The simulation shows that the proposed robust dynamic state estimation can decrease the effects of bad data and achieve better estimating results.
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Steffy, Kody. "Gendered Patterns of Unmet Resource Need among Academic Researchers." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211039585.
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An expansive body of literature has documented how academia acts as a gendered organization, characterized by disadvantage at multiple levels. Because of data limitations, we know surprisingly little about whether and how access to the resources needed to carry out high-quality research may be gendered. This study begins to fill this gap using a newly available survey of researchers in three disciplines across five European countries. Across a wide range of resources, findings point to marked gender disparities. Women are more likely than men to say that they do not have the resources they need to do their research well and that having them would make a big difference in their work. These findings are robust to controls including academic seniority, suggesting that structural sexism contributes to resource disparities in science. Even after overcoming obstacles en route to research positions in competitive fields, women in science remain systematically disadvantaged.
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Lu, Te-Ling, Zi-Han Gao, Shih-Wei Li, and Sheng-Nan Wu. "High Efficacy by GAL-021: A Known Intravenous Peripheral Chemoreceptor Modulator that Suppresses BKCa-Channel Activity and Inhibits IK(M) or Ih." Biomolecules 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10020188.
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GAL-021 has recently been developed as a novel breathing control modulator. However, modifications of ionic currents produced by this agent remain uncertain, although its efficacy in suppressing the activity of big-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels has been reported. In pituitary tumor (GH3) cells, we found that the presence of GAL-021 decreased the amplitude of macroscopic Ca2+-activated K+ current (IK(Ca)) in a concentration-dependent manner with an effective IC50 of 2.33 μM. GAL-021-mediated reduction of IK(Ca) was reversed by subsequent application of verteporfin or ionomycin; however, it was not by that of diazoxide. In inside-out current recordings, the addition of GAL-021 to the bath markedly decreased the open-state probability of BKCa channels. This agent also resulted in a rightward shift in voltage dependence of the activation curve of BKCa channels; however, neither the gating charge of the curve nor single-channel conductance of the channel was changed. There was an evident lengthening of the mean closed time of BKCa channels in the presence of GAL-021, with no change in mean open time. The GAL-021 addition also suppressed M-type K+ current with an effective IC50 of 3.75 μM; however, its presence did not alter the amplitude of erg-mediated K+ current, or mildly suppressed delayed-rectifier K+ current. GAL-021 at a concentration of 30 μM could also suppress hyperpolarization-activated cationic current. In HEK293T cells expressing α-hSlo, the addition of GAL-021 was also able to suppress the BKCa-channel open probabilities, and GAL-021-mediated suppression of BKCa-channel activity was attenuated by further addition of BMS-191011. Collectively, the GAL-021 effects presented herein do not exclusively act on BKCa channels and these modifications on ionic currents exert significant influence on the functional activities of electrically excitable cells occurring in vivo.
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Byard, Roger W., and Karen Heath. "How common are suicides using nitrous oxide?" Medicine, Science and the Law 59, no. 3 (May 19, 2019): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802419852184.
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Analysis of autopsy cases of suicide from Forensic Science South Australia files (2003–2017) where helium, nitrogen or nitrous oxide gas had been used revealed that only 2/58 (3.5%) cases utilised nitrous oxide; the remainder of cases had used helium or nitrogen. The two cases are presented here. In case 1, a 48-year-old man was found completely encased in a plastic bag with a hose connected to an opened cylinder of nitrous oxide. In case 2, a 27-year-old woman was found with a plastic bag over her head, tied around her neck, with a tube connected to a small canister of nitrous oxide. There were approximately 20 empty canisters of nitrous oxide nearby. Death in both cases was due to nitrous oxide augmentation of plastic bag asphyxia, manner suicide. The relative ease with which helium and nitrogen cylinders containing large amounts of gas can be obtained may explain the low numbers of suicides utilising nitrous oxide.
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Qu, Xu, Mofeng Yang, Junyi Ji, Linheng Li, and Bin Ran. "Analyzing the Safety Impacts of Variable Speed Limit Control on Aggregated Driving Behavior Based on Traffic Big Data." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (March 26, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8823292.
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Variable speed limit (VSL) control dynamically adjusts the displayed speed limit to harmonize traffic speed, prevent congestions, and reduce crash risks based on prevailing traffic stream and weather conditions. Previous research studies examine the impacts of VSL control on reducing corridor-level crash risks and improving bottleneck throughput. However, less attention focuses on utilizing real-world data to see how compliant the drivers are under different VSL values and how the aggregated driving behavior changes. This study aims to fill the gap. With the high-resolution lane-by-lane traffic big data collected from a European motorway, this study performs statistical analysis to measure the difference in driving behavior under different VSL values and analyze the safety impacts of VSL controls on aggregate driving behaviors (mean speed, average speed difference, and the percentage of small space headway). The data analytics show that VSL control can effectively decrease the mean speed, the speed difference, and the percentage of small space headways. The safety impacts of VSL control on aggregated driving behavior are also discussed. The aggregated driving behavior variables follow a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the continuous decrease in VSL values, indicating that potential traffic safety benefits can be achieved by adopting suitable VSL values that match with prevailing traffic conditions.
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Numanovich, Abdullayev Ibrohim, and Umirzakov Zuxriddin Axtamjanovich. "Research On The Operation Of Bag Filters For Dust And Gas Cleaning In Cement Production (On The Example Of Factories In The Ferghana Region Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan)." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue11-21.
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Cement production is one of the most common man-made air pollutants. In this regard, the need for dust collection in this process is obvious. The article presents an analysis of the used designs of dust collection devices in the cement production of the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Methods of tissue filter regeneration are analyzed. The results of experimental studies on the state of synthetic fabric bag filters installed on air purifiers from dust and gas flows are presented. The choice of the standard size, design and the required number of fabric bag filters was made. For technical and economic reasons, there is a method and mode of filter regeneration that does not cause severe wear of the fabric, due to which the duration of filter operation without expensive stops for current repairs is significantly increased.
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Morgan, Ashley. "The suit maketh the man: Masculinity and social class inKingsman: The Secret Service(Vaughn, 2014)." Clothing Cultures 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cc.5.3.359_1.
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This article outlines the ways in which suits are synonymous with masculinity examining the, sometimes paradoxical, nature of suits worn by men of all social classes, and for different reasons. For example, hegemonic men wear suits in a bid to convey power, arguably, by rendering the wearers uniform in appearance so that the focus is on what hegemonic men might say and do, rather than how they might look. Moreover, the uniformity of suits is a means by which men of a lower social class demonstrate aspiration to a higher social class and might affect hegemonic power through wearing them. While much has been written about masculinity and suits, with many authors agreeing that the bespoke suit is at the pinnacle of the hierarchy of men’s clothing, yet there is a little attention paid to the way in which the bespoke suit is represented in media or popular culture. This article examines the role of clothing of the main characters in the filmKingsman: The Secret Service(2014) with a particular focus on the contribution that the bespoke suit makes to the masculinity of the bodies of the individuals within the film. Principally, the bespoke suit elevates the body of the wearer from quotidian to tailored, the fitting of which allows for better representation of a man’s body. It will explore representation of middle-class masculinity, hegemony and embodiment in the film, addressing the idea of whether wearing a bespoke suit can help a man transcend the boundaries of ‘chav’ masculinity, which is depicted as male subordination, and rise into middle-class hegemonic masculinity through the character of Gary ‘Eggsy’ Unwin (Taron Egerton).
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Таловская, А., A. Talovskaya, Е. Язиков, E. Yazikov, Е. Филимоненко, E. Filimonenko, Н. Осипова, N. Osipova, Т. Шахова, and T. Shahova. "Trace Element Composition of Snow Cover in Vicinity of Coal- Burning and Gas-Burning Boiler Houses as Used Fuel’s Environmental Performance Indicator." Safety in Technosphere 6, no. 3 (October 17, 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59d34e310bbb79.46733089.
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Emissions of rural villages’ boiler houses remain insufficiently studied in comparison with emissions of big urban heat power engineering objects. In this paper have been presented the results of comparative analysis for a dust pollution level and trace element composition of solid particles in vicinity of rural villages’ boiler houses distinguishing by technological parameters and the fuel’s type (coal or gas) based on the snow cover’s trace element composition study. It has been established that the dust load value relating to background in vicinity of different coal-burning boiler houses is varying and depends on fuel consumption volumes, availability of dust and gas trapping system, coal depository and vehicle park. The dust load value does not exceeded background in vicinity of gas- burning boiler houses no matter of their technological parameters. It has been demonstrated that the trace elements accumulation level in the samples from vicinity of coal-burning and gas-burning boiler houses depends on type, composition and flow rates of fuel, as well as from the fly ash composition and local emissions sources. Have been marked general tracer elements (Hg, Zn, Ni, Mo, Co, Ba, Sr) and specific ones (Cd, As, Sb, Pb, V) of man-made impact for different coal-burning boiler houses. Hg, As, Cd have been proposed as general tracer elements of man-made impact for coal-burning boiler houses. It has been stated that natural gas is the most environmental friendliness fuel in comparison with coal regardless of boiler house’s technological parameters.
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Wang, Shuai, Ji He Zhou, and Chong Jia. "Kinematics Analysis on the Throwing Skills of Elite Chinese Male Hammer Athletes." Advanced Materials Research 950 (June 2014): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.950.91.
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Hammer throw is one of the traditional track and field events but it only has a short history in China. Chinese hammer athlete Shizhu Wang won the championship of China Long Throw Open in 2013, but the performance in the game has a big gap with the world record. In order to improve the techniques of Chinese men hammer athletes, have a clearly understanding of the rational factors and internal relations of hammer throw technique, enrich the theory of the action and provide reference to the hammer throw training, we made a 3D camera resolution on the top three men hammer throwers (Shizhu Wang, Dakai Qi and Xiwan Jiang) at the game site of China Long Throw Open in 2013, with the three-dimensional analysis we gained the kinematic parameters. We made a comparison on the parameters between Chinese and foreign elite men hammer throwers. The result shows that: Compared with the datas of outstanding foreign athletes, the pre-swing time is much larger and hammer velocity increment is much smaller in the pre-swing stage; the total rotation time is much longer, and the single to double supporting time is distributed unreasonly, what’s more, the change between the knee joint and bevel angle are too small; the shot speed ,with the fastest Shizhu Wang of 24.87 m/s, is much slower than that of foreign famous athlete Sedych (30.7 m /s), and longer hammer throw running time, which are the main reasons that affect athletes’ performance.
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Bernardino, Susana, J. Freitas Santos, and J. Cadima Ribeiro. "Social entrepreneur and gender: what’s personality got to do with it?" International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 10, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-07-2017-0040.
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Purpose Research on economic entrepreneurship identifies a gender gap that is favorable to men. In the social entrepreneurship arena, the existing evidence is slightly fuzzy, as this gender gap is less preeminent. This paper aims to identify how gender differences in social entrepreneurial ventures creation are explained by different personality traits, by analyzing the extent to which female and male social entrepreneurs exhibit the same personality traits and whether potential differences are able to explain the differences in predisposition for the creation of new social entrepreneurial ventures. Design/methodology/approach A review of the literature on gender differences and personality traits in social entrepreneurship details the main theoretical developments and builds the hypotheses. Based on the Big Five model, the investigation uses a hypothesis testing quantitative approach. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire that was e-mailed and applied to the social entrepreneurs engaged in the creation of social ventures in Portugal. Findings The data gathered suggest that both female and male social entrepreneurs have personalities characterized by high levels of openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion and emotional stability. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) between the two groups and logistic regression, the investigation reveals that women and men who launch a new social venture only differ in one personality dimension – agreeableness – wherein women scored more highly. No significant differences are found in the other personality traits. Research limitations/implications The research assumes that most aspects of human personality structure are represented in the Big Five model. Practical implications The knowledge about whether gender differences are explained by different personality traits is critical to public entities that might design appropriate public policies to stimulate social entrepreneurship. Also, social entrepreneurs’ capacity building programs should be delineated in accordance with a deeper understanding about gender and personality traits differences. Social implications The knowledge of the factors that affects the creation of new social ventures has an important potential contribution on social value creation and the promotion of gender equality. Originality/value This paper links two important topics – gender and entrepreneurs’ personality traits – scarcely explored in the social entrepreneurship literature. Thus, the paper adds new empirical evidence to support (or not) the belief that personality and gender matter in the decision to launch a new social venture.
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Zarghami, Mehdi, Emad Haghali, Masoud Nikbakht, and Rohollah Valizadeh. "The Effect of Eight Weeks Hydrotherapy Exercises on the Mental Health of Men Staffs of Bid Boland Gas Purge Company of Omidiyeh City." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 (2012): 5392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.445.
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TAN, ZHIGUANG, ALDO BONASERA, CHUBIN YANG, DAIMEI ZHOU, and S. TERRANOVA. "SIMULATION OF THE TRANSITION BETWEEN MESON-SYSTEM AND QGP IN A TRANSPORT MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 2269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307007799.
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Some thermodynamical properties of the interacting meson system and QGP at finite temperature are discussed. For a pure meson gas the Hagedorn limiting temperature is reproduced when the experimentally observed resonances are included. For QGP our results for different numbers of flavors Nf compare very well to the theoretical ones. A transport model based on the mean free path approach is used to simulate the evolution of the system. During the evolution we use the MIT bag model to perform the transition between meson gas and QGP.
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Negraia, Daniela Veronica, and Jennifer March Augustine. "Unpacking the Parenting Well-Being Gap: The Role of Dynamic Features of Daily Life across Broader Social Contexts." Social Psychology Quarterly 83, no. 3 (June 10, 2020): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272520902453.
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Although public debate ensues over whether parents or nonparents have higher levels of emotional well-being, scholars suggest that being a parent is associated with a mixed bag of emotions. Drawing on the American Time Use Survey for the years 2010, 2012, and 2013 and unique measures of subjective well-being that capture positive and negative emotions linked to daily activities, we “unpack” this mixed bag. We do so by examining contextual variation in the parenting emotions gap based on activity type, whether parents’ children were present, parenting stage, and respondent’s gender. We found that parenting was associated with more positive emotions than nonparenting, but also more negative emotions. This pattern existed only during housework and leisure, not during paid work. Moreover, patterns in positive emotions existed only when parents’ children were present; patterns in negative emotions were primarily observed during earlier stages of parenting. Results were similar for men and women.
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Eugster, W., T. DelSontro, and S. Sobek. "Eddy covariance flux measurements confirm extreme CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from a Swiss hydropower reservoir and resolve their short-term variability." Biogeosciences 8, no. 9 (September 29, 2011): 2815–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2815-2011.
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Abstract. Greenhouse gas budgets quantified via land-surface eddy covariance (EC) flux sites differ significantly from those obtained via inverse modeling. A possible reason for the discrepancy between methods may be our gap in quantitative knowledge of methane (CH4) fluxes. In this study we carried out EC flux measurements during two intensive campaigns in summer 2008 to quantify methane flux from a hydropower reservoir and link its temporal variability to environmental driving forces: water temperature and pressure changes (atmospheric and due to changes in lake level). Methane fluxes were extremely high and highly variable, but consistently showed gas efflux from the lake when the wind was approaching the EC sensors across the open water, as confirmed by floating chamber flux measurements. The average flux was 3.8 ± 0.4 μg C m−2 s−1 (mean ± SE) with a median of 1.4 μg C m−2 s−1, which is quite high even compared to tropical reservoirs. Floating chamber fluxes from four selected days confirmed such high fluxes with 7.4 ± 1.3 μg C m−2 s−1. Fluxes increased exponentially with increasing temperatures, but were decreasing exponentially with increasing atmospheric and/or lake level pressure. A multiple regression using lake surface temperatures (0.1 m depth), temperature at depth (10 m deep in front of the dam), atmospheric pressure, and lake level was able to explain 35.4% of the overall variance. This best fit included each variable averaged over a 9-h moving window, plus the respective short-term residuals thereof. We estimate that an annual average of 3% of the particulate organic matter (POM) input via the river is sufficient to sustain these large CH4 fluxes. To compensate the global warming potential associated with the CH4 effluxes from this hydropower reservoir a 1.3 to 3.7 times larger terrestrial area with net carbon dioxide uptake is needed if a European-scale compilation of grasslands, croplands and forests is taken as reference. This indicates the potential relevance of temperate reservoirs and lakes in local and regional greenhouse gas budgets.
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von Meyer-Höfer, Marie, Sina Nitzko, and Achim Spiller. "Is there an expectation gap? Consumers’ expectations towards organic." British Food Journal 117, no. 5 (May 5, 2015): 1527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2014-0252.
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Purpose – While the European organic regulation exists since more than 20 years consumers still do not seem to know what to expect from European Union (EU) labelled organic food. The purpose of this paper is to examine consumer expectations towards organic food in mature and emerging EU organic food markets. Design/methodology/approach – Online consumer survey data (n=1,180; 2011) from Germany, the UK, Spain, and the Czech Republic are used to analyse the question: “Which criteria would you expect of an organic food product labelled with the EU-organic label?”. In total, 23 items including organic production criteria according to EC 834/07 and unregulated food quality criteria are tested. Mean value analysis and exploratory factor analysis are performed. Findings – Consumers expect organic food to be free from chemical pesticides and mineral fertilisers. In total, two factors affect consumers’ expectations: naturalness of organic food products; additional sustainability aspects like, e.g. resource saving. However, several differences between the analysed countries exist. Although there does not seem to be a big gap between what consumers expect from organic food and what EU organic labelled products fulfil, some attributes might not mean the same to each consumer which could be a source of consumer disappointment. Practical implications – Consequently policy makers as well as market actors should take this risk seriously and use terms like “naturalness” only with great caution when promoting organic food. Originality/value – Further cross-country studies focusing on consumer expectations towards organic food are still needed, because until today only few studies deal with consumer and marketing issues in EU countries with different organic market development.
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Kumar, Suresh, and CR Darolia. "Will the Big Five Personality Factor Stand-up: An Analysis of NEO Personality Inventory-Revised." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 4 (October 4, 2018): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.13673.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the factorial invariance of a major instrument i.e., NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised-Form S (NEO PI-R)1, tapping broad five factor of personality such as: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. It also aimed to study the replication of broad five factors in Indian population. To achieve these objectives, the NEO PI-R was administered on a sample of 375 subjects (age range from 18 yrs to 22 yrs) randomly selected from various academic institutes in Indian. The statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and factor analysis were performed on collected data. The higher mean score on neuroticism in present data indicates a cultural variation across the country. Reliability analysis was confirmed test-retest reliability ranging from 0.70 to 0.78 (n = 108, gap of over 60 days) and strikingly high internal consistency ranging from 0.98 to 0.99 for the big five factor in India. Bivariate correlation analyses demonstrate positive significant correlations among the facets scale of NEO-PI-R and their corresponding factor except few correlations. The significant correlations among the five factors question their independence in the measurement of personality structure. In factor analysis, the three personality dimension such as conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness were clearly replicates and the other two factors such as extraversion and openness to experience were partially replicate to define the personality structure in Indian population. These findings are in line with existing literature and have strong implications to define the personality structure in Indian population
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Frank, Mary Margaret, and Sonja Olhoft Rego. "Do Managers Use the Valuation Allowance Account to Manage Earnings around Certain Earnings Targets?" Journal of the American Taxation Association 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2006.28.1.43.
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This paper provides additional evidence on earnings management via the deferred tax asset valuation allowance account (VAA). Earlier publications that do not find evidence of earnings management via the VAA examine contractual incentives using broad samples. A more recent publication finds evidence consistent with earnings management via the VAA but examines capital-market-based incentives using a homogeneous sample. To bridge the gap between these studies, we exploit a heterogeneous sample over an extended time period but examine capital-market-based incentives to manage earnings. The results provide substantial evidence that firms use the VAA to smooth earnings toward the mean analyst forecast. However, the results do not provide evidence that firms use the VAA to smooth earnings toward positive or prior year's reported earnings targets or engage in “big bath” behavior for any of the earnings targets.
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Rohlffs, Fiona, Constantin Trepte, Krassi Ivancev, Nikolaos Tsilimparis, Vladimir Makaloski, E. Sebastian Debus, and Tilo Kölbel. "Air Embolism During TEVAR: Liquid Perfluorocarbon Absorbs Carbon Dioxide in a Combined Flushing Technique and Decreases the Amount of Gas Released From Thoracic Stent-Grafts During Deployment in an Experimental Setting." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 26, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602818819501.
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Purpose:To investigate the influence of flushing thoracic stent-grafts with carbon dioxide and perfluorocarbon on the amount of gas released during stent-graft deployment in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Materials and Methods: Ten TX2 ProForm thoracic stent-grafts were deployed into a water-filled container with a curved plastic pipe and flushed sequentially with carbon dioxide, 20 mL of liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC), and 60 mL of saline. Released gas was measured using a calibrated setup. The volume of released gas was compared with the results of an earlier published reference group, in which identical stent-grafts were flushed with 60 mL saline alone as recommended in the instructions for use. Results: The average amount of gas released in the test group was 0.076 mL, significantly lower (p<0.001) than the mean 0.79 mL of gas released in the reference group. Big bubbles appearing at the tip of the sheath when deployment was started were seen in all grafts of the reference group but in only 2 of the test group stent-grafts. Small bubbles were less frequent in the test group. Conclusion: The amount of gas released from thoracic stent-grafts during deployment can be influenced by different flushing techniques. The use of PFC in addition to the carbon dioxide flushing technique reduces the volume of gas released during deployment of tubular thoracic stent-grafts to a few microliters. This significant effect is presumably based on the high solubility of carbon dioxide in perfluorocarbon and could be a potential future approach to lower the risk of cerebral injury and stroke from air embolism during TEVAR.
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Aquila, Isabella, Cristoforo Ricci, Matteo Antonio Sacco, Santo Gratteri, Luigi De Aloe, Claudia Catia De Pasquale, and Pietrantonio Ricci. "The role of ethanethiol in deaths from acute poisoning by gas mixtures: A suicide case involving a decomposed corpse and a review of the literature." Medico-Legal Journal 88, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817219891948.
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The most common volatile substances used in suicide are liquefied petroleum gas mixtures, which consist of propane and butane gases mixed in different proportions. These substances are odourless and colourless. Some substances, such as ethanethiol, are added to liquefied petroleum gas mixtures to provide a garlic scent. The main causes of death in acute liquefied petroleum gas inhalation are cardiac arrest and asphyxia, but determining the manner of death is difficult. We present a case of a 30-year-old man found dead at home. On his head was a black plastic bag with a hole through which he had run a gas hose connected to a domestic liquefied petroleum gas cylinder tank. Toxicological analysis revealed butane and ethanethiol in his body. This study aims at understanding the lethal role of ethanethiol through the analysis of its chemical action and its influence on decomposition.
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Hall Jr., Robert O., and Hilary L. Madinger. "Use of argon to measure gas exchange in turbulent mountain streams." Biogeosciences 15, no. 10 (May 18, 2018): 3085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3085-2018.
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Abstract. Gas exchange is a parameter needed in stream metabolism and trace gas emissions models. One way to estimate gas exchange is via measuring the decline of added tracer gases such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Estimates of oxygen (O2) gas exchange derived from SF6 additions require scaling via Schmidt number (Sc) ratio, but this scaling is uncertain under conditions of high gas exchange via bubbles because scaling depends on gas solubility as well as Sc. Because argon (Ar) and O2 have nearly identical Schmidt numbers and solubility, Ar may be a useful tracer gas for estimating stream O2 exchange. Here we compared rates of gas exchange measured via Ar and SF6 for turbulent mountain streams in Wyoming, USA. We measured Ar as the ratio of Ar : N2 using a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS). Normalizing to N2 confers higher precision than simply measuring [Ar] alone. We consistently enriched streams with Ar from 1 to 18 % of ambient Ar concentration and could estimate gas exchange rate using an exponential decline model. The mean ratio of gas exchange of Ar relative to SF6 was 1.8 (credible interval 1.1 to 2.5) compared to the theoretical estimate 1.35, showing that using SF6 would have underestimated exchange of Ar. Steep streams (slopes 11–12 %) had high rates of gas exchange velocity normalized to Sc=600 (k600, 57–210 m d−1), and slope strongly predicted variation in k600 among all streams. We suggest that Ar is a useful tracer because it is easily measured, requires no scaling assumptions to estimate rates of O2 exchange, and is not an intense greenhouse gas as is SF6. We caution that scaling from rates of either Ar or SF6 gas exchange to CO2 is uncertain due to solubility effects in conditions of bubble-mediated gas transfer.