Academic literature on the topic 'Big Wildfire June 2017'

Introduction: Between June 15 and Aug 31st 2014, Canada’s Northwest Territories (pop 44,000: Stats Can), a subarctic region which is over 2°C warmer than it was in the 1950’s, experienced an unprecedented number of forest fires, with 385 fires and approximately 3.4 million hectares of forest affected. This resulted in one of Canada’s most severe and prolonged urban smoke exposures for the capital city of Yellowknife and surrounding Aboriginal communities. Our objective was to obtain a big-picture sense of the health impact of the Summer of Smoke on the population of these communities through a mixture of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Methods: We analyzed PM2.5 levels, salbutamol dispensations, clinic and hospital cardiorespiratory variables, and in-depth video interviews with community members from Yellowknife, N’Dilo, Dettah and Kakisa. Results: 49% of days June15-Aug31 in 2014 had a PM2.5 over 30 mcg/m3, as compared to 3% in 2012 and 9% in 2013 and 2015. Max daily PM 2.5 in 2014 was 320.4 mcg/m3. There was a 22% increase in outpatient salbutamol dispensations in 2014 compared to the average of 2012, 2013 and 2015. More cough, pneumonia and asthma were seen in clinics compared to 2012-2015 (P<0.001). There was a 42% increase in respiratory ER visits in 2014 compared to 2012-13, but no change in cardiac variables. The respiratory effect was most pronounced in children 0-4 (114% increase in ER visits). Qualitative analysis demonstrates themes of fear, isolation, lack of physical activity, alteration of traditional summertime activities for both aboriginal and non-aboriginal subjects, elements of resilience and expectation for future smoky summers in the context of a changing climate. Conclusion: Prolonged wildfire seasons have a profound effect on overall wellbeing. Responses to help minimize mental and physical impacts such as the creation of clean-air community shelters, recreation programming, initiatives to support community cohesion, and “go outside when it is not smoky” messaging require further study.

Soil erosion is one of the most important environmental problems of the moment, especially in areas affected by wildfires. In this paper, we study pre-fire and post-fire erosion using remote sensing techniques with Sentinel-2 satellite images and LiDAR. The Normalized Burn Ratio is used to determine the areas affected by the fire that occurred on 18 August 2016 in the Natural Reserve of Garganta de los Infiernos (Cáceres). To calculate the erosion, the multi-criteria analysis is carried out from the RUSLE. Once all calculations were performed, there was a considerable increase in sediment production from 16 June 2016 (pre-fire) with an erosion of 31 T/ha·year to 16 June 2017 of 74 T/ha·year for areas of moderate fire severity, and an increase from 11 T/ha·year in 2016 to 70 T/ha·year for areas with a very high severity. From the NDVI, it was possible to verify that this also affected the recovery of post-fire vegetation, decreasing the NDVI index 0.36 in areas of moderate severity and 0.53 in areas of very high severity.

The Brazilian savannah-like Cerrado is classified as a fire-dependent biome. Human activities have altered the fire regimes in the region, and as a result, not all fires have ecological benefits. The indigenous lands (ILs) of the Brazilian Cerrado have registered the recurrence of forest fires. Thus, the diagnosis of these events is fundamental to understanding the burning regimes and their consequences. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the fire regimes in Cerrado’s indigenous lands from 2008 to 2017. We used the Landsat time series, at 30 m spatial resolution, available in the Google Earth Engine platform to delineate the burned areas. We used precipitation data from a meteorological station to define the rainy season (RS), early dry season (EDS), middle dry season (MDS), and late dry season (LDS) periods. During 2008–2017, our results show that the total burned area in the indigenous lands and surrounding area was 2,289,562 hectares, distributed in 14,653 scars. Most fires took place between June and November, and the annual burned area was quite different in the years studied. It was also possible to identify areas with high fire recurrence. The fire regime patterns described here are the first step towards understanding the fire regimes in the region and establishing directions to improve management strategies and guide public policies.

June 8-9, 2017, the National Science Library of China (NSLC) hosted the first Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery conference and Big Data Analysis for Decision-Making workshop. This meeting took its name from the Journal of Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, which is the new name of and direction for the former Journal of Modern Library and Information Technologies.

LBA500 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstracts.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Monday, June 5, 2017, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2017, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Monday edition of ASCO Daily News.

The purpose of this research is to know the marketing channel of broiler and to know the level of marketing efficiency of broiler in Gunung Malela Regency, Simalungun. This research is conducted from May to June 2017. This research uses sampling method by way of method of disproportionate stratified random sampling. Thesample of this research was 29 sample which are independent farmers, plasma farmers, partner companies, wholesalers and small traders.Based on the result of the research, there are two pattern of marketing channel of broiler which broiler in the first channel started from independent farmers to big traders to small pedgang and on second channel started from plasma farmers to partner companies, big traders to small traders. The marketing margin of broiler chicken on channel I is bigger compared to marketing channel II which is Rp 6,075 / kg. Channel marketing channels on channel I more efficient that is 0.01% and 0.04%.

Fire management in protected areas faces mounting obstacles as climate change alters disturbance regimes, resources are diverted to fighting wildfires, and more people live along the boundaries of parks. Evidence-based prescribed fire management and improved communication with stakeholders is vital to reducing fire risk while maintaining public trust. Numerous national fire databases document when and where natural, prescribed, and human-caused fires have occurred on public lands in the United States. However, these databases are incongruous and non-standardized, making it difficult to visualize spatiotemporal patterns of fire and engage stakeholders in decision-making. We created interactive decision analytics (“VISTAFiRe”) that transform fire history data into clear visualizations of the spatial and temporal dimensions of fire and its management. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park as examples of protected areas experiencing fire regime change between 1980 and 2017. Our open source visualizations may be applied to any data from the National Park Service Wildland Fire Events Geodatabase, with flexibility to communicate shifts in fire regimes over time, such as the type of ignition, duration and magnitude, and changes in seasonal occurrence. Application of the tool to Everglades and Big Cypress revealed that natural wildfires are occurring earlier in the wildfire season, while human-caused and prescribed wildfires are becoming less and more common, respectively. These new avenues of stakeholder communication are allowing the National Park Service to devise research plans to prepare for environmental change, guide resource allocation, and support decision-making in a clear and timely manner.

Abstract. In situ observations of summer (June through August, or JJA) albedo are presented for the period 2002–2017 from Haig Glacier in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The observations provide insight into the seasonal evolution and interannual variability of snow and ice albedo, including the effects of summer snowfall, the decay of snow albedo through the melt season, and the potential short-term impacts of regional wildfire activity on glacier-albedo reductions. Mean JJA albedo (± 1σ) recorded at an automatic weather station in the upper ablation zone of the glacier was αS=0.55 ± 0.07 over this period, with no evidence of long-term trends in surface albedo. Each summer the surface conditions at the weather station undergo a transition from a dry, reflective spring snowpack (αS∼0.8) to a wet, homogeneous midsummer snowpack (αS∼0.5) to exposed, impurity-rich glacier ice, with a measured albedo of 0.21 ± 0.06 over the study period. The ice albedo drops to ∼ 0.12 during years of intense regional wildfire activity such as 2003 and 2017, but it recovers from this in subsequent years. This seasonal albedo decline is well simulated through a parameterization of snow-albedo decay based on cumulative positive degree days (PDDs), but the parameterization does not capture the impact of summer snowfall events, which cause transient increases in albedo and significantly reduce glacier melt. We introduce this effect through a stochastic parameterization of summer precipitation events within a surface energy balance model. The amount of precipitation and the date of snowfall are randomly selected for each model realization based on a predefined number of summer snow events. This stochastic parameterization provides an improved representation of the mean summer albedo and mass balance at Haig Glacier. We also suggest modifications to conventional degree-day melt factors to better capture the effects of seasonal albedo evolution in temperature-index or positive-degree-day melt models on mountain glaciers. Climate, hydrology, or glacier mass balance models that use these methods typically use a binary rather than continuum approach to prescribing melt factors, with one melt factor for snow and one for ice. As alternatives, monthly melt factors effectively capture the seasonal albedo evolution, or melt factors can be estimated as a function of the albedo where these data are available.

Richard Kettner-Polley and Charles Gavin founded Small Group Research ( SGR) to present research, build theory, and generally advance the study of small groups by combining insights from multiple disciplines. Currently, we evaluate the extent to which this interdisciplinary mission has been upheld over time. To do this, we apply the perspective and tools of big data analytics to the nearly 3 million words that span the 829 articles that comprise the SGR corpus from February 1990 to June 2017. Keyword analysis, ontological ordering, and interdisciplinary content analyses identify intriguing patterns and detect latent trends. Our results speak to the consistent interdisciplinarity of SGR while identifying opportunities for further development and more complex disciplinary integration in research on small groups.

The article deals with the notion of manipulation in advertising slogans of fast food restaurants. It focuses on techniques and means of language influence on the recipient. The article shows results of the study of 239 advertising slogans of fast food restaurants in English-speaking countries (a total number of 104 companies). Different language patterns which are used in advertising slogans and aimed at persuasion of customers on the subconscious level, are defined and analyzed; among them the most numerous are language patterns which create statements with distortions, deletions, and generalizations manifesting themselves in a variety of forms. The research also describes manipulative language patterns specifically related to advertising, such as unique selling proposition or life values. The article also shows quantitative proportions of the use of each pattern, as well as patterns used by the most successful and less successful restaurants. The most frequent of the manipulative language patterns are lost performatives, mind reading, and comparisons. The techniques of life values, mind reading, and antithesis are more common in advertising slogans of top restaurants compared to less popular ones. Individual slogans frequently manifest the use of more than one linguistic pattern of manipulation.
 References
 
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 References (translated and transliterated)
 
 Hesiuk, Y. (2014). Zastosuvannia neirolinhvistychnoho prohramuvannia v reklami [The usage of neurolinguistic programming in advertising]. Mediaprostir, 5, 122-126.
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 Kutuza, N. (2006). Manipuliatyvni pryiomy v reklamnomu ta politychnomu dyskursakh: linhvistychni aspekty [Manipulative techniques in advertisement and political discourse]. Informational-Methodical Journal of Kherson State University, 3, 285-288.
 
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 Eagle Boys Pizza Seeks Expansion In India. (2013, August 26). Retrieved September 10, 2017, from https://news.franchiseindia.com/Eagle-Boys-Pizza-seeks-expansion-in-India-2017
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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Economia apresentado à Faculdade de Economia<br>O presente relatório surge na sequência da realização do estágio curricular para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Economia pela Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, desenvolvido na empresa Stratbond Consulting, Lda, entre 6 de setembro e 18 de dezembro de 2017.Durante o estágio realizei tarefas relacionadas com a operacionalização dos apoios disponibilizados para a reposição da atividade económica dos concelhos afetados pelos incêndios de junho de 2017, suscitando o meu interesse para a investigação da problemática dos incêndios florestais.Ao longo do século XXI, os incêndios florestais têm vindo a afetar o território português de uma maneira recorrente, registando uma diversidade de impactos, nomeadamente sobre as áreas naturais, infraestruturas, negócios e populações, e consequentemente, no Orçamento do Estado. Constatei que o grande número de ocorrências de incêndios florestais apresenta como causa principal a atividade humana, sugerindo uma maior responsabilidade social, através do cumprimento das medidas de prevenção definidas no enquadramento institucional e legal.Os incêndios florestais são uma das maiores ameaças ao desenvolvimento sustentável da floresta, sendo assim necessário avaliar o impacto dos incêndios nas atividades económicas, com especial foco para as atividades que dependem exclusivamente de matérias-primas cedidas pela floresta.Deste modo a aplicação de medidas de apoio tanto às empresas, populações, e municípios são de extrema importância, devido ao facto da maioria dos seguros não cobrir as despesas totais, ou então, à não existência de seguros para certas atividades. Sem estes apoios, o impacto dos incêndios florestais pode resultar num grave problema económico-social para as regiões atingidas.<br>The present report follows the completion of the curricular internship to obtain a Master's degree in Economics from the Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra, developed at Stratbond Consulting, Lda between September 6 and December 18, 2017.During the internship I carried out tasks related to the operationalization of the support made available for the recovery of the economic activity of the municipalities affected by the fires of June 2017, raising my interest to investigate the problem of forest fires.Throughout the 21st century, forest fires have been affecting the Portuguese territory in a recurring manner, registering a diversity of impacts, especially on natural areas, infrastructures, businesses and populations, and consequently, on the State Budget. I found that the large number of occurrences of forest fires are mainly caused by human activity, suggesting greater social responsibility, through compliance with the prevention measures defined in the institutional and legal framework.Forest fires are one of the greatest threats to the sustainable development of the forest, so it is necessary to assess the impact of fires on economic activities, with a special focus on activities that depend exclusively on raw materials ceded by the forest.In this way the implementation of measures to support both businesses, populations and municipalities are extremely important, due to the fact that most insurance does not cover the total expenses or certain activities. Without such support, the impact of forest fires can result in a serious economic and social problems for the regions affected.

Paying for university education has been one of the most acute and politically fraught challenges in public policy. Both the Blair government and the Coalition had some of their smallest Parliamentary majorities for votes on this issue, such are the emotions it arouses. It sparked violent protests in November 2010 and was seen as one of the issues boosting support for Jeremy Corbyn in the General Election of June 2017. It touches such a raw nerve because people worry that we are imposing costs on the younger generation which previous generations of young people did not have to bear. Having written a book myself about the importance of fairness between the generations I well understand why this matters so much. One can only tackle this anxiety if the new way of funding higher education is better for the younger generation than any likely alternative. When I was Opposition spokesman before 2010 I said that the test of any changes we brought in would be if they were in the interests of students and that is the test I tried to apply throughout my time as minister. Through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s higher education faced persistent financial crises. Higher education was one of the public services facing particularly rapid growth of demand. For the amount of public spending per student to be maintained there would have to be very large increases in total public spending on higher education. Expecting such big increases in spending for any programme was difficult enough. But at the same time higher education was not a political priority. Indeed this view was reinforced by universities. I would encounter protesters on university campuses demanding free higher education whilst inside the university’s own social scientists repeated the conventional wisdom that it was the early years that really mattered and the Vice Chancellor told me he could not do any better on access for disadvantaged students unless schools improved and that should be the priority. Moreover, as it is usually the quality of its research that makes a university’s reputation, pressures to maintain research funding were greater than for teaching.

This paper looks to expand on the INEC 2016 paper ‘The future role of virtual reality within warship support solutions for the Queen Elizabeth Class aircraft carriers’ presented by Ross Basketter, Craig Birchmore and Abbi Fisher from BAE Systems in May 2016 and the EAAW VII paper ‘Testing the boundaries of virtual reality within ship support’ presented by John Newell from BAE Systems and Simon Luck from BMT DSL in June 2017. BAE Systems and BMT have developed a 3D walkthrough training system that supports the teams working closely with the QEC Aircraft Carriers in Portsmouth and this work was presented at EAAW VII. Since then this work has been extended to demonstrate the art of the possible on Type 26. This latter piece of work is designed to explore the role of 3D immersive environments in the development and fielding of support and training solutions, across the range of support disciplines. The combined team are looking at how this digital thread leads from design of platforms, both surface and subsurface, through build into in-service support and training. This rich data and ways in which it could be used in the whole lifecycle of the ship, from design and development (used for spatial acceptance, HazID, etc) all the way through to operational support and maintenance (in conjunction with big data coming off from the ship coupled with digital tech docs for maintenance procedures) using constantly developing technologies such as 3D, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality, will be proposed. The drive towards gamification in the training environment to keep younger recruits interested and shortening course lengths will be explored. The paper develops the options and looks to how this technology can be used and where the value proposition lies.