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Journal articles on the topic 'Bihar Electricity Regulatory Commission'
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1
du Puy-Montbrun, Guillaume, and Boris Martor. "French Electricity and Gas Regulatory Commission." Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 19, no. 2 (May 2001): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646811.2001.11433226.
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Rusche, Tim Maxian. "The Production of Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources as a Public Service Obligation." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 3, no. 6 (2006): 486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601006x00146.
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AbstractThe article analyses whether electricity production from renewable energy sources can be the object of a public service obligation. This question is of particular importance for the State aid assessment of payments to producers of electricity from renewable energy sources. Such payments typically occur under so-called feed-in tariffs, which are a regulatory mechanism used in most Member States to promote the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. The author argues that there are compelling reasons for considering that Member States can introduce public service obligations with respect to the production of electricity from renewable energy sources, and that compensation payments granted are exempted from the notification obligation under Article 88(3) EC treaty, if the beneficiary undertaking receives not more then 30 million EUR per year as compensation, and if its turnover does not exceed 100 million EUR. Should these thresholds be exceeded, the compensation payments need to be notified to the Commission. The Commission will then assess them under the Community framework for public service compensations, which has been adopted in November 2005.
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Aggarwal-Gupta, Meenakshi, and Shailaja Karve. "Capability Building in a Government Regulatory Firm (A)." Asian Journal of Management Cases 15, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820117744684.
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Western State Electricity Regulatory Commission (WSERC) was a Government Regulatory Firm in India and worked in the areas of electricity and power. Its scope of work had significantly expanded after a decade of existence and the organization needed to keep pace with the changing requirements. There was a need for agile functioning in a market driven power economy in the areas of power generation, transmission and distribution. The firm needed to transition from being a regulator to being a change agent to support the reforms in the power sector. The firm was operating with a skeletal support staff and key areas of expertise had been outsourced. The case presents the challenges of operating with an outsourced model and the need to move towards self–sufficiency. The firm wanted to now rely on internal expertise instead of depending on external consultants. The change of hiring practice would also need to be supplemented by change in the style of functioning. The case ends with the chairman pondering on how best to enable this change.
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Farmer, David J., and Layne N. Thiessen. "Recent Regulatory and Legislative Developments of Interest to Energy Lawyers." Alberta Law Review 51, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr73.
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This article highlights important legislative and regulatory developments of relevance to energy lawyers, including those involving electricity matters and related jurisprudence that arose between May 2012 and May 2013. The authors have reviewed a wide variety of subject areas, including examining decisions of key regulatory agencies such as the National Energy Board, the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, Alberta’s Energy Resources Conservation Board, the Alberta Utilities Commission, the Alberta Surface Rights Board, the Ontario Energy Board, the Ontario Environmental Review Tribunal, and the World Trade Organization. Additionally, federal and provincial legislation and regulations of significance introduced during this period are canvassed.
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Turner, Richard, Xiaogu Zheng, Neil Gordon, Michael Uddstrom, Greg Pearson, Rilke de Vos, and Stuart Moore. "Creating Synthetic Wind Speed Time Series for 15 New Zealand Wind Farms." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 12 (December 2011): 2394–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jamc2668.1.
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AbstractWind data at time scales from 10 min to 1 h are an important input for modeling the performance of wind farms and their impact on many countries’ national electricity systems. Planners need long-term realistic (i.e., meteorologically spatially and temporally consistent) wind-farm data for projects studying how best to integrate wind power into the national electricity grid. In New Zealand, wind data recorded at wind farms are confidential for commercial reasons, however, and publicly available wind data records are for sites that are often not representative of or are distant from wind farms. In general, too, the public sites are at much lower terrain elevations than hilltop wind farms and have anemometers located at 10 m above the ground, which is much lower than turbine hub height. In addition, when available, the mast records from wind-farm sites are only for a short period. In this paper, the authors describe a novel and practical method to create a multiyear 10-min synthetic wind speed time series for 15 wind-farm sites throughout the country for the New Zealand Electricity Commission. The Electricity Commission (known as the Electricity Authority since 1 October 2010) is the agency that has regulatory oversight of the electricity industry and that provides advice to central government. The dataset was constructed in such a way as to preserve meteorological realism both spatially and temporally and also to respect the commercial secrecy of the wind data provided by power-generation companies.
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Ohajianya, Anthony Chibuike. "Estimated billing system is the bane of grid electric power supply and development in Nigeria: An empirical analysis." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v5i1.157.
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The estimated billing system for electricity was introduced in Nigeria by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) in 2012 for billing customers without meters or with faulty or inaccessible meters. But instead of following the guidelines and formula provided by NERC for the estimation, the electricity Distribution Companies (DisCos) resorted to billing these customers arbitrarily and frustrated efforts by NERC to ensure the proper metering of electricity consumers. This research evaluates the incentive, which makes the DisCos in Nigeria prefer the estimating billing system to a much more efficient smart prepaid metering system. To carry out the research, four Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) customers were selected. The estimated bills of these customers, which they received before they got smart prepaid meters, were compared with their prepaid meter bills for an equal period. EEDC was found to be over-billing these customers under the estimated billing system by a yearly average per customer of 64,901.67 Nigerian Naira (170.79 USD).
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Bhaskar, V. "Challenges Faced by Independent Regulatory Agencies in India." Indian Journal of Public Administration 64, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 404–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556118785429.
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This article examines the challenges faced by independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in India today. It scrutinises the working of some trust-based self-regulating institutions, which the Government of India (GoI) is in the process of converting into a non-trust-based IRA framework. The article then reviews the functioning of the non-trust-based regulatory institutions through the lens of the electricity sector. It does this by examining the performance of these institutions against a ‘4CA’ framework: Capture, Capacity, Commitment, Communication and Accountability. It then attempts to draw generic lessons for regulators across all sectors. The article further examines additional challenges sectoral regulators will face arising from three areas: first, data privacy concerns and the requirements the proposed data regulator may impose; second, the interface with cross-sectoral regulators like the Competition Commission of India (CCI) which have jurisdiction across sectors; and third, interaction between sectoral regulators themselves.
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Dahunsi, F. M., O. R. Olakunle, and A. O. Melodi. "Evolution of Electricity Metering Technologies in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 2 (August 13, 2021): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i2.10.
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Advancement in technology has continuously driven the evolution of metering devices and infrastructure in the world and has resulted in more accurate and user-friendly devices equipped with customer interaction interfaces. The evolution of metering technology in Nigeria arose with the unbundling of the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) but have not progressed smoothly and successfully despite the implementation of various reforms and policies in the Nigerian electricity industry. The persisting problems in the electricity distribution system such as energy theft, vandalism, energy wastage, high line losses can be overcome by the deployment of appropriate metering infrastructure. In the second quarter of 2020, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission revealed that the total registered customers and total metered customers are 10,516,090 and 4,234,759 respectively leaving a metering gap of 59.73%; after 124 years of commercial electricity availability in Nigeria. This paper discusses Nigeria's metering history and the challenges encountered in the transition of policies, technologies and government reforms. The paper also proposes the way forward to a successful transitioning into a smart distribution grid.
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Tsai, Chung-min. "Regulating China's Power Sector: Creating an Independent Regulator without Autonomy." China Quarterly 218 (May 14, 2014): 452–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741014000381.
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AbstractThroughout its period of economic transition, the Chinese state has readjusted its relationship with industry and developed new regulatory schemes. China's first industry-specific independent regulatory agency, the State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC), was created in 2003. Its operation does not follow Western practice which adopts the best institutional arrangement for autonomous regulators. This article will examine the failings and regulatory capture of SERC. I argue that because the process of creating a new regulator involves resource reallocation and power redistribution, SERC has suffered both endogenous and exogenous disadvantages since its inception. The compromised institutional design, along with insufficient resources and fragmented authority, has considerably weakened SERC's regulatory capacity. Moreover, SERC was not designed as part of the reform schedule, but rather emerged later as a response to institutional necessities, which also contributes to its vulnerability. As a result, the state has exposed SERC to potential capture by both government entities and regulated enterprises.
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Panfil, Michael, and Rama Zakaria. "Uncovering Wholesale Electricity Market Principles." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 9.1 (2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.9.1.uncovering.
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This paper examines, enunciates, and makes explicit a set of market principles historically relied upon by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to regulate wholesale electricity markets as required under the Federal Power Act (FPA). These identified competitive market principles are supported by policy and legal foundations that run through a myriad of FERC orders and court decisions. This paper seeks to make that history and those implicit market principles explicit by distilling and organizing Commission Orders and court decisions. It concludes that five market principles, each with multiple subprinciples, can be identified as elemental to how FERC understands and implements its statutory authority. Clear articulation of these foundational principles should help guide engaged entities as wholesale power markets continue to evolve. Market Principle 1 states that wholesale market revenues should predominantly flow from well-designed energy and ancillary services markets. Market structures generally are found to be preferable to non-market structures. Moreover, energy and ancillary services markets, in relationship to wholesale capacity markets, are better able to efficiently promote a least-cost resource. Market Principle 2 states that when altering market design, FERC and Independent System Operators (ISOs) should focus on only those services that are clearly needed, and ensure that any market design change does not unduly discriminate between resources. Market design changes focused on technology-neutral and well-defined granular services will help ensure that the design change does not lead to undue discrimination or preference that effectively favors certain resources. When such an impact still occurs, strong evidence showing that the rules are not unreasonable and arbitrary and that no non-unduly discriminatory and preferential alternative exists must support the change. Market Principle 3 states that interventions that distort transparent and accurate pricing should be minimized. Out-of-market interventions, in particular, have the potential to distort price signals and undermine competition. Market Principle 4 states that FERC’s just and reasonable standard strongly favors rate decreasing outcomes. Markets are premised on the economic presumption that competition reduces prices, in furtherance of the just and reasonable standard. Market Principle 5 states that FERC and ISOs should facilitate and not undermine state public policy preferences. FERC and ISOs are not well-situated to serve as decision-makers in determining which state public policy preferences should be given effect. State public policy preferences that do not run afoul of FERC’s authority under the FPA should thus be given full effect.
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Karve, Shailaja, and Meenakshi Aggarwal-Gupta. "Training Delivery and Evaluationfor a Government Regulatory Firm (C)." Asian Journal of Management Cases 15, no. 1 (March 2018): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820117744688.
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Western State Electricity Regulatory Commission (WSERC) had launched a series of trainings to enhance the managerial capabilities of its employees. This case presents the challenges of designing and conducting trainings for a rapidly expanding small organization. In order to conduct the trainings, training groups were formed and a training plan was made to sequence the trainings based on the objectives and expected outcomes. Training modules incorporated a mix of methods such as lecture, presentation, videos, games, cases, activities, instruments and hand-outs. There were many hindrances to the implementation of the training programme as per the plan. New entrants to the firm were also made a part of the training groups without TNA. There were inordinate delays and interruptions that at times had to be escalated to the senior levels. Over a period of time, the trainings were appreciated but differences and challenges emerged causing roadblocks in the journey of WSERC to become a learning organization. This case focuses on the challenges faced by an organization when the commitment and buy-in from the employees is not sustained. It brings to the fore the role of senior management to have continued focus on any intervention.
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Soonee, S. K., S. S. Barpanda, Mohit Joshi, Nripen Mishra, and Vaishally Bhardwaj. "Point of Connection Transmission Pricing in India." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, no. 1 (May 30, 2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2013-0027.
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Abstract The National Electricity Policy (NEP) [1], issued by the Government of India, mandates transmission prices to be distance and direction sensitive and capture utilization of the network by each network user. In line with the mandate, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) [2] has issued Sharing of Interstate Transmission Charges and Losses Regulations, 2010 [3], to introduce point of connection (PoC)-based transmission pricing methodology in India. The methodology under the above regulations introduces one of the major reforms of its kind in the Indian power sector and seeks to share the total transmission charges in proportion to respective utilization of the transmission system by different entities. In this paper, the authors have enumerated their experience gained from the implementation of PoC-based transmission pricing regime in India. Authors have also discussed various issues encountered in the process of implementation and the methodology adopted.
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Hemapala, K. T. M. U., and Lilantha Neelawala. "Benchmarking of Electricity Distribution Licensees Operating in Sri Lanka." Journal of Energy 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2486319.
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Electricity sector regulators are practicing benchmarking of distribution companies to regulate the allowed revenue. Mainly this is carried out based on the relative efficiency scores produced by frontier benchmarking techniques. Some of these techniques, for example, Corrected Ordinary Least Squares method and Stochastic Frontier Analysis, use econometric approach to estimate efficiency scores, while a method like Data Envelopment Analysis uses linear programming. Those relative efficiency scores are later used to calculate the efficiency factor (X-factor) which is a component of the revenue control formula. In electricity distribution industry in Sri Lanka, the allowed revenue for a particular distribution licensee is calculated according to the allowed revenue control formula as specified in the tariff methodology of Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka. This control formula contains the X-factor as well, but its effect has not been considered yet; it just kept it zero, since there were no relative benchmarking studies carried out by the utility regulators to decide the actual value of X-factor. This paper focuses on producing a suitable benchmarking methodology by studying prominent benchmarking techniques used in international regulatory regime and by analyzing the applicability of them to Sri Lankan context, where only five Distribution Licensees are operating at present.
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McAllister, Bradley J. "Prioritizing Demand Response: How Federal Legislation and Technological Innovation Changed the Electricity Supply Market and the Need to Revitalize FERC Order 745." Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 15, no. 2 (August 21, 2015): 162–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2015.168.
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Traditional barriers to entry in the electricity supply marketplace are crumbling due to recent federal legislation and new technology. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)'s Order 745 prioritizes the use of demand response via a uniform pricing mechanism. Through it, demand response is able to provide the same benefit as traditional electricity generation - at a reduced cost - and improve service, reliability, and market development. Consequently, the increased use of demand response reduces prices for regional grid operators, as well as commercial, institutional, and residential consumers. This Note discusses the legal, economic, and policy reasons for upholding Order 745 in the face of transformative change in the electricity supply market and evaluates the history of smart grid legislation leading up to the issuance of Order 745 in 2011. Next, it analyzes how energy intelligence hardware and software allow new entrants into the wholesale electricity supply market in hopes of capitalizing on inefficiencies in regional power distribution and the revolutionary opportunities for residential consumers through new technologies. Most importantly, this Note argues for a reversal of the D.C. Circuit’s decision to vacate Order 745 in the case EPSA v. FERC, decided in May 2014. Such a reversal is necessary because Order 745 falls within FERC’s authority under the Federal Power Act and the loss of a uniform pricing mechanism for demand response resources sold at capacity auctions will harm electricity markets.
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Best Herbert, Eti. "Developing a Renewable Energy Based Off-Grid Electricity Solution for Nigeria." Global Energy Law and Sustainability 2, no. 2 (August 2021): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gels.2021.0055.
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Nigeria has always depended on the national grid network for the supply of electricity across the country. Despite the various efforts at grid expansion, the national grid is yet to get to every part of the Nigeria. The cost of grid expansion, the massive size and difficult terrain of certain parts of the country make are the major limitation to national grid expansion. Thus, most rural dwellers are yet to get access or sufficient supply of electricity. Also, the heavy dependence on the grid network puts the country at risk of blackout in most part of the country should the grid break down. On the other hand, off-grid electrification, which is a modern means of electricity sourcing other than the grid network with the use of mini-grid or stand-alone systems, can serve, as alternative means of electricity, supply for Nigeria. Off-grid systems are dynamic and adaptable to fit the peculiarities of each region, such as: land topography, population size, energy sources, etc. This paper examined the various renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar, wind, and biomass as viable sources of energy which Nigeria can be explore to power off-grid platforms. However, there is a dearth of legal framework to support the use of renewable energy sources for off-grid electricity. Thus, there is need for legislative efforts by the legislature or regulation by the National Electricity Regulatory Commission to fill this gap.
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Karve, Shailaja, and Meenakshi Aggarwal-Gupta. "Training Needs Analysis in a Government Regulatory Firm (B)." Asian Journal of Management Cases 15, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820117744687.
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Western State Electricity Regulatory Commission (WSERC) a Government Regulatory Firm in India needed to enhance its human resource capabilities. It was grappling with employees who were either on contract or deputation, and were essentially temporary in nature. The younger staff was lacking in both technical and managerial skills and could not contribute to the organization’s functioning. The senior staff appeared unwilling to transfer their knowledge to the junior staff. In addition, there were various people-related challenges in terms of differences in working styles, hierarchical culture of the firm, conflict across levels and functions and preference to operate in silos. It was decided to address the people related challenges through training to create a climate of trust and sharing before initiating a mentoring intervention. It was decided to undertake customized training to address the unique context and challenges being faced by the firm; therefore, a training needs analysis (TNA) was carried out. Various tools such as the TNA questionnaire, visioning exercise, personal interviews and focused group discussions (FGD) were used to gather data to identify specific training needs of the firm. The case focuses on the process of initiating a TNA in a small firm and some of the associated challenges.
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Dormady, Noah, Zhongnan Jiang, and Matthew Hoyt. "Do markets make good commissioners?: A quasi-experimental analysis of retail electric restructuring in Ohio." Journal of Public Policy 39, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 483–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x18000168.
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AbstractEmpirical support for the purported benefits of retail electric deregulation is mixed at best. Prior studies that identify states as simply “retail deregulated” overlook complex policy environments in which deregulation is implemented by regulators with a high degree of discretion. Prior studies also rely on Energy Information Administration data that do not account for core regulatory interventions that can take place during the process of implementing deregulation. Using robust time series household final bill survey data from the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio, this article provides a quasi-experimental analysis of the price impacts of retail electric restructuring in Ohio. The results suggest that residential electricity prices have increased following retail restructuring in all service territories in Ohio, with significant favourable welfare effects observed only in the Cincinnati area, where key policy implementation stages were not circumvented.
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Pun, Santa Bahadur. "Reflections on India’s ‘Guidelines on Cross Border Trade of Electricity’ Vis-a-vis Nepal’s ‘Electricity Development Decade 2016/’026’ and ‘2017/’018 Budget’." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 21 (July 18, 2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v21i0.17814.
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Nepal unfurled her 10,000 MW in 10 years Electricity Development Decade 2016/’026 in February 2016 supposedly with one eye on her own domestic consumption but definitely with the other eye on India’s growing hungry market. India, for ‘strategic, national and economic’ reasons, issued her Guidelines on December 5, 2016 whereby preferential treatment is given to Indian entities that wish to export power from Nepal to India. While Indian entities with 51% or more ownership require a one-time approval, all other participating entities are eligible to participate on ‘case to case basis.’ The concerned authorities of Nepal, thick-skinned as they are, made no fuss at all about India’s Guidelines. In fact, Nepal held the 5th Power Summit on December 16, 2016 concluding that, though the 10,000 MW is ambitious, it is realistic and achievable. In the immediate aftermath in January 2017, the USAID financed Delhi-based IRADe launched its report in Kathmandu wherein the Nepalese media was all agog reporting ‘Nepal can earn Rs 1 Trillion a year by selling power.’ This was then followed by the Nepal Investment Summit jamboree in March 2017 that boasted of garnering 13.6 billion US$ foreign commitments. All these were then topped by the Nepal government’s 2017/’018 budget that sanguinely hiked up the “10,000 MW in 10 years’ to an inconceivable ‘17,000 MW in 7 years!’Sans the electricity regulatory commission, sans the Indo-Nepal downstream benefit sharing mechanism from storage projects and sans the huge required capital skillfully throttled by India’s Guidelines, Nepal’s 17,000 MW in 7 years is an extremely tall order, more likely to end up in the manner of Som Sharma’s sattu! HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 21, July, 2017Page: 5-10Upload Date: July 18, 2017
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Koltsaklis, Nikolaos, and Athanasios Dagoumas. "Policy Implications of Power Exchanges on Operational Scheduling: Evaluating EUPHEMIA’s Market Products in Case of Greece." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102715.
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A vital component for the development of a functioning internal electricity market is the adoption by each European member state of the Pan-European Hybrid Electricity Market Integration (EUPHEMIA) for the day-ahead market solution. The consideration of the national power market’s characteristics enables more realistic market design towards the implementation of the so-called “Target Model”. This work considers a series of factors, including the EUPHEMIA order types, their use by market participants, the relative competitiveness of power generators, the impact of interconnected markets, the existence of market players with dominant positions, and the existence of specific regulations such as the minimum average variable cost restriction on offers by producers, as well as the strategy adopted by market participants. The main goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the adoption of EUPHEMIA’s algorithm in case of the Greek wholesale market, based on a relevant research project funded by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission to support the Hellenic Regulatory Authority of Energy on its decision-making. The paper contributes to the relevant literature on the quantification of the impacts of the EUPHEMIA algorithm in the case of the Greek wholesale market, providing insights on the crucial aspects affecting realistic, market-based decision-making.
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Smyrnova, Ksenia. "A Comparative Analysis of the Collective Dominance Definition in Ukrainian and European Law – the Electricity Market Case." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 9, no. 14 (2016): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2016.9.14.5.
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This paper follows a comparative approach to the analysis of collective dominance doctrine and practice in the EU and the enforcement practice in Ukraine. The aim of this paper is to assess the compliance of the Ukrainian competition authority’s (AMCU) analysis of the national electricity market with EU law enforcement practice. The latter arises from Ukraine’s wider duty to fulfil its international law obligation to comply with EU competition rules, based on Article 18 of the Treaty establishing the Energy Community also taking into account the interpretative criteria developed in EU case law (according to Article 94 of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU). Article 255 of the Association Agreement, which clearly provides for the use of the principle of transparency, non-discrimination and neutrality when complying with the procedures of fairness, justice and the right of defence, also illustrates the necessity of carrying out research in this field. The paper examines notions such as: the dominance doctrine, market power definition, economic strength and collective dominance in the EU enforcement practice. Special attention is placed on enforcement practice in the electricity market. Since the scrutinised market inquiry constitutes the first investigation into the Ukrainian electricity market, there is no national practice on this issue yet. For this reason, the analysis follows a wide comparative approach towards the principles of collective dominance in the electricity market in Ukraine. The paper concludes that the AMCU’s approach to the regulation of the electricity market in Ukraine confirms the necessity to reform the system of state regulation in the wholesale electricity market and in the market of services for electricity transmission. In order to develop competition in the electricity market, it is also necessary to change the system for tariff and pricing policy formation on the part of the National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission of Ukraine and the Ministry of Energy and Coal-Mining Industry of Ukraine. Stressed is also the necessity to follow the approach and criteria of EU competition law with regard to the determination of market dominance. This requirement is stipulated by Ukraine’s international legal obligations arising from Articles 18 and 94 of the Treaty establishing the Energy Community and Article 255 of the Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine.
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Asher, A. "NETWORK INDUSTRY REGULATION AND CONVERGENCE IN SERVICE DELIVERY: CHALLENGES FOR SUPPLIERS, USERS AND REGULATORS." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97054.
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The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has competition and fair-trading law responsibility for Australian industries. It has gained regulatory responsibilities for third-party access to telecommunications, soon will become the national regulator of gas pipeline access under a legislated code developed by the jurisdictions and industry working in a common forum, and will progressively become the national regulator of electricity transmission.This paper describes the ACCC's concept of the term 'efficient incentive regulation', gives examples of government decisions on network industry operations to which it is relevant and describes the general approach the ACCC will take in applying that concept, to encourage competition, innovation, economic investment and fair dealing by suppliers with users.The paper describes the relevance of the rise of national product markets and convergence in the delivery of telecommunications, electricity and gas services to the types of decisions the ACCC and State-based regulators will have to take and places those decisions in the context of common issues in regulatory reform internationally. Regulatory decisions taken for one network industry may have particular positive effects if the underlying principles flow on to others.A necessary part of dealing with national industries is the coordination of regulatory effort where Commonwealth and State/Territory regulators are involved. There is the risk in Australia that separation of regulatory powers between jurisdictional and national levels may cause welfare gains to business, customers and the wider community arising from the industry reform process to be lost if there are shortcomings in communications between regulators, duplication of effort or inconsistencies in approach. The paper describes the current division of responsibilities; the potential of the Utility Regulators' Forum to coordinate regulatory effort; and indicates the potential for losses of welfare and economic efficiency if COAG principles of a national approach to regulation are not fully embraced.The paper discusses the range of tools available to deal with challenges arising from privatisations, from the entry of multinational players to network industries and from the implementation of competition policy reforms, drawing on concerns about network industries raised with the ACCC, and on the ACCC's broader complaints experience. Finally, the paper outlines the reasons for policy-makers to pay particular attention to shaping and bringing light-handed but effective regulation to the areas of the converging network industries where market power remains unconstrained by competition, and for regulators to coordinate their administration of the regulated areas of network industries so that the policy objectives of incentive regulation are realised, resulting in the industry, users and the community sharing in the benefits.
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Donley, Dennis W., and Stephanie S. Potter. "Navigating the Winds of Change." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 1, no. 3 (March 2014): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v1.i3.1.
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The State of Texas leads the United States in wind energy generation capacity—it has more than twice the wind generation capacity of the next-closest state, California. If Texas was an independent nation, it would rank sixth in the world in total installed wind capacity. Texas has a rich history of legislation and regulatory effort to thank for these statistics, which reflects the knowledge that energy and infrastructure drive the economy. Starting in 1999, Texas became one of the first states to enact a Renewable Portfolio Standard (“RPS”). The RPS set a state-wide goal for new renewable energy installation with deadlines for when that goal was to be met. In addition to passing an RPS, Texas also created Competitive Renewable Energy Zones (“CREZs”). CREZs are areas of Texas that have been designated by the Public Utility Commission of Texas (“PUCT”) to receive special benefits for wind transmission and development due to their strong wind resources and large financial commitments in the region by wind developers. These programs, and several others, have helped the wind industry in Texas grow exponentially to continually reach the goals set out by the RPS long before deadlines arrive. In fact, on a recent day towards the end of March, wind generation accounted for 29% of the electricity used by most Texans.
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Migliavacca, Gianluigi, Marco Rossi, Dario Siface, Matteo Marzoli, Hakan Ergun, Raúl Rodríguez-Sánchez, Maxime Hanot, et al. "The Innovative FlexPlan Grid-Planning Methodology: How Storage and Flexible Resources Could Help in De-Bottlenecking the European System." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041194.
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The FlexPlan Horizon2020 project aims at establishing a new grid-planning methodology which considers the opportunity to introduce new storage and flexibility resources in electricity transmission and distribution grids as an alternative to building new grid elements, in accordance with the intentions of the Clean Energy for all Europeans regulatory package of the European Commission. FlexPlan creates a new innovative grid-planning tool whose ambition is to go beyond the state of the art of planning methodologies by including the following innovative features: assessment of the best planning strategy by analysing in one shot a high number of candidate expansion options provided by a pre-processor tool, simultaneous mid- and long-term planning assessment over three grid years (2030, 2040, 2050), incorporation of a full range of cost–benefit analysis criteria into the target function, integrated transmission distribution planning, embedded environmental analysis (air quality, carbon footprint, landscape constraints), probabilistic contingency methodologies in replacement of the traditional N-1 criterion, application of numerical decomposition techniques to reduce calculation efforts and analysis of variability of yearly renewable energy sources (RES) and load time series through a Monte Carlo process. Six regional cases covering nearly the whole European continent are developed in order to cast a view on grid planning in Europe till 2050. FlexPlan will end up formulating guidelines for regulators and planning offices of system operators by indicating to what extent system flexibility can contribute to reducing overall system costs (operational + investment) yet maintaining current system security levels and which regulatory provisions could foster such process. This paper provides a complete description of the modelling features of the planning tool and pre-processor and provides the first results of their application in small-scale scenarios.
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Talus, Kim. "From state to market and back: the role of the public sector in the energy markets—the European experience." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10060.
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During the last few decades, the contemporary ideology behind energy market regulation in most western nations has been that the introduction of competition will contribute to security of supply. Energy will respond to the economic rules of the markets, going where the prices are highest—its use, substitution and investments responding to prices. The presentation will focus on this idea and discuss the question of whether international competition and free markets can deliver security of supply or whether public intervention and control is necessary. The study builds on the experience of the European Union (EU). The central argument is that there are two significant caveats to this ideology. First, there are real world distortions that work against the price responsiveness of the energy investments. In the EU, these distortions have been underestimated. Second, although investments may respond to demand in the long run, they do not seem to do so in the short run. The failure of the market-based system in the EU will be illustrated through two case studies: the Nabucco pipeline project where the European Commission has assumed the role of a state in its support of the project; and, the third legislative package for electricity and gas entering into force in 2011, which marks a clear departure from the previous regulatory regimes—these emphasised the market-based approach. The incoming regime increases the role of the state in, for example, granting the public authorities a decisive role in certain situations in accepting investment plans from transmission system operators and monitoring that they are followed in practice.
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ARKHANGELSKII, Yurii. "ON THE KEY CURRENT PROBLEMS OF UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 4 (May 3, 2019): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.04.082.
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Actual economic issues of current Ukraine’s economy are considered, namely: on subsidies to producers, budget deficit, custom duties, pricing, especially in the energy sector, ecology, and the achievements of structural adjustment. Dynamics of subsidies to manufacturers and subsidies’ distribution by industries is studied, and the formula for non-provision of subsidies to manufacturers is determined. In line with this, subsidies should not be provided to enterprises when the selling price of their products is lower than material costs (plus depreciation). Particular attention is paid to pricing issues in the power industry: application of uniform wholesale prices for purchased electricity from its manufacturers is justified. With the introduction of a uniform price, the rent for the hydro and nuclear power plants should be introduced and sent to the budget. The expediency of applying sharply increased tariffs for the “green” electricity is considered. The approach to the ecology should be balanced. It is hardly justified that the wholesale “green” tariff is almost 10 times higher than the similar tariff for hydroelectric power plants. The expediency of the transition to a deficit-free budget is shown. It is necessary to leave from the deficit budget; for doing this the author proposes to establish progressive rates of taxation of personal income (up to 50%, as in the EU). A brief analysis of the results of the restructuring of Ukraine’s economy, since 1992, is carried out and concluded that it is ineffective. It is necessary to strengthen the role of the state in coordinating the work of enterprises through the central ministries and departments headed by the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, which should again be transformed into a renewed Gosplan (State Planning Committee). Given the theoretical inconsistency of the thesis that a monopoly can raise the price without following the law of supply and demand, it is advisable to eliminate the Anti-Monopoly Committee of Ukraine and the National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission of Ukraine, which are similar to the former State Price Committee in the Ukrainian SSR and determine the price for all – including the monopolists.
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May, A. "The benefits of drinking water quality regulation – England and Wales." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.893.
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This paper aims to demonstrate that the regulation of drinking water quality in England and Wales has been successful in securing the improvements to drinking water quality resulting in better performance against EU and national standards. The water industry in England and Wales went through a major change in 1989 when suppliers were privatised and the government set up a robust regulatory regime. The regime was necessary as the industry was, as a result of privatisation, a monopoly with customers having no choice of supplier, unlike what was later available with other utilities such as gas or electricity. The regime would protect the interests of the consumer, the environment and public health through the quality of the product. The Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI), as established in 1990, had to ensure the implementation of the European Drinking Water Directive (DWD) that had been transposed into national legislation. The aim of the DWD is to ensure that all EU Member States provide drinking water of a prescribed quality. In England and Wales, a body was required to oversee the performance of the industry against those standards, reporting to the Government and the European Commission. Through acts and legislation, the set up of the industry, the duties of the suppliers and regulators and the powers available to the regulators were established. The improvements to drinking water quality since privatisation were achieved by massive investment of the privatised water industry overseen by an independent regulator with clear duties and the powers to inspect, enforce and prosecute. The DWI's achievements show that to improve quality performance with the ability to report in detail how the improvements were made with extensive data evidence, a special regulator is required. The DWI advises policy departments and Ministers and when there are serious concerns regarding a threat to human health through drinking water, the highest level of regulatory power is the creation of new legislation, for example, the Cryptosporidium regulations that are unique to the UK. The DWI is more than what is traditionally thought of as a regulator because it has a single remit — drinking water quality — and its style of regulation has been key to improved drinking water quality in England and Wales.
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Ebigenibo Genuine Saturday. "Nigerian Power Sector: A new structure required for effective and adequate power generation, transmission and distribution." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 06–018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0035.
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In this paper, the structure of the Nigerian power sector is examined, the problems in the structure are identified and a new structure is proposed for effective power generation, transmission and distribution. Besides the problems usually canvassed, the current structure is defective from the perspective of the ownership of the power infrastructures, passive involvement of state governments and undue influence of the federal government. The reforms in the sector were driven by the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) of 2005, leading to the creation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to take both the assets and the liabilities of the then National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), and the subsequent unbundling of PHCN to 18 successor companies – 6 power generating companies, one power transmission company and 11 power distribution companies. The new structure proposed in this work gives room for every state government to own power plants and distribute power in the various states. They can equally buy power from independent power producers. Power plants owned by the federal government in the present structure are to continue sending power to the national grid and made available to states with insufficient power generation in the new structure. Independent power producers can also send power to the national grid. The federal government will continue managing power transmission in the new structure. Each state government will own at least two power distribution companies in partnership with private organizations who will equally have a stake in the ownership of the power generating plants. The tariff of grid-connected power will be higher, encouraging states to go into active power generation. The new structure will enable the federal government to do away with rural electrification programme and other power generation options regulated by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission which should be under the control of various state governments. New laws are needed in the place of the EPSRA to achieve the new structure. The federal government will make money from the proposed structure instead of spending huge sums of money in the present structure.
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Byatt, Ian. "25 years of Regulation of Water Services; looking backwards & forwards 1 1This paper is an extension of the notes I delivered at the annual conference of the Regulatory policy Institute held at Merton College Oxford on 12/13 September 2016 I amended the notes in the light of the discussion at Oxford and further helpful comments on an earlier draft. An important contribution could be made by adoption, or adaptation, of a new procedure devised for the Australian electricity market, made in a lecture by John Pearce, Chair, Australian Energy Market Commission, and an insight by Stephen Smith in his presentation on the Evolution of Network Price Determination Processes. Further points emerged at a subsequent presentation by Thames Water at a European Policy Forum Roundtable on the financing of the Thames Tideway Tunnel. I am particularly grateful to Alan Sutherland, John Smith, Colin Skellett, John Banyard, Remy Prud'homme, Rupert Darwall, Martin Cave, Stephen Littlechild, Sonia Brown and Jonson Cox and to three anonymous referees for help in the drafting of this paper and to Julia Havard in editing the text. , 2 2See my article on the Regulation of Water Services in the UK in Utilities Policy 24 (2013) for my account of my term of office from 1989 to 2000." Utilities Policy 48 (October 2017): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2017.09.006.
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"French Electricity and Gas Regulatory Commission." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 43, no. 2 (March 2002): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(02)85148-7.
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Failat, Yanal Abul. "The Jordanian Electricity Regulatory Commission: Independence in Theory or in Practice?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2317192.
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Sinha, Sidharth. "Coastal Gujarat Power Limited." Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, April 23, 2015, 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/case.iima.2019.000058.
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The Tata owned Coastal Gujarat Power Limited is seeking to reopen Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) with state owned distribution utilities because of increase in imported coal prices resulting from a change in Indonesian laws. The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) has decided to provide relief through a “compensatory tariff”. This is opposed by the power purchasers. Simultaneously, another Reliance Energy owned power project is seeking relief from unprecedented change in exchange rates using the CGPL decision as a precedent. The CERC and the power purchasers have to decide what to do next.
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Saraswat, Satya Prakash, Dipanjan Ray, Gaurav Mishra, Deepak Yadav, Vikesh Singh Bhadouria, Prabhat Munshi, and Chris Allison. "Thermal-hydraulic Safety Assessment of Full-Scale ESBWR Nuclear Reactor Design." Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, August 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4052014.
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Abstract The Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR) is a boiling water nuclear reactor of Generation III+. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved the ESBWR design as the world's best light-water nuclear reactor in 2014. It has the lowest core damage frequency (industry standard indicator of safety) of any Generation III or III+ reactor. It can cool automatically for more than seven days without using electricity or human intervention. During the operation, the ESBWR is designed to produce electricity while emitting almost no greenhouse gases. The energy generated by an ESBWR will prevent the emission of approximately 7.5 million metric tons of CO2 per year compared to standard electricity production on the US grid. The analysis present in this paper aimed to characterize the thermal-hydraulic simulations of full-scale ESBWR design. The analysis presented will help in recognizing the improvement needed in the reactor design and its passive safety systems. The analysis is performed for normal steady state and postulated design basis accident scenarios . The simulation results obtained by the code REALP/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.4 are compared with the TRACG and MELCOR code results to determine the code predictability and accuracy under accident conditions of the newly proposed design of the ESBWR nuclear reactor. It has been also demonstrated that for the postulated accident conditions the design of passive safety systems are capable to capture the accident progression without any active power.
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Ubani, N. O., and K. O. Ikebudu. "Evaluation of Operational Performance and Economic Analysis of a Gas Turbine Power Plant: A Case Study of Ibom Power Station." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, May 3, 2019, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v35i230176.
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This work evaluates the performance indicator of Ibom Power Plant as one of the Independent Power Producers (IPPs) in Nigeria. The operational performance and the economic analysis of the three gas turbines present there-GTG 1 (Model PG 6551B), GTG 2 (Model PG 6561B), and GTG3 (Model PG 9171E) with combined installed capacity of 190MW were investigated. The study showed that the average station load factor, average capacity utilization index and the average generation utilization index were about 42%, 51% and 46% respectively, which were low when compared with 70% as recommended by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC); while the average plant heat rate was found to be 12,659.60MJ/MWh which also tends to be higher than the 10,000MJ/MWh allowed by NERC. The average thermal efficiency and the average capacity factor gave a result of 28.44% and 19% respectively. The NERC’s Multi Year Tariff Order (MYTO) of N10.70 per KWh for generation companies’ was used in evaluating the company’s revenue with reference to the application of Net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). Obviously, the cost of power generation can be reduced by improving capacity factor; running the power station at high load factor; increasing the efficiency of the power plant and proper maintenance plan to avoid breakdowns. An upward review of MYTO tariff to ensure economic viability of Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry was recommended.
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NARMANIA, DAVIT. "CORONOMICS AND SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE ENERGY SECTOR." Globalization and Business, December 23, 2020, 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2020.10.006.
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The worldwide pandemics of COVID-19 has influenced all sectors of the economy. Energy sector as one of the branches of the economy has been affected as well. Suspension of a number of enterprises and institutions, switching staff to the remote working mode and other restrictions for the purpose of preventing risks stemming from the pandemics reduces overall energy consumption. On the other hand, staying at home significantly increases household energy consumption. However, the reduction of the energy consumption due to the stop/less active operation of the enterprises and institutions usually exceeds the amount of increased household consumption. Subsequently, amount of the energy to be distributed is reduced. Another important factor is the price of energy. Energy price in Georgia is mainly determined according to the exchange rate of the national currency in relation to US Dollar. Pandemics and decrease of economic activities have caused dramatic drop of Georgian Lari rate. This has increased price of both – imported energy (electricity and natural gas) and electricity to be purchased from the local hydro power plants on the basis of the power purchase agreements so called PPAs (where the purchase price of the electricity is indicated in US Cents). During the pandemics the solvency of enterprises/organizations and the population is also quite important. Restrictions related to pandemics have reduced revenues of business sector as well as of the population. Many enterprises and institutions (e.g. hotels, restaurants, cafes, beauty parlors etc.) have completely stopped. Hereby, a lot of employees have lost their jobs and the income or the remuneration for some people has decreased due to pandemics. Therefore, many subscribers have faced problem of paying bills and applied companies as well as the regulatory commission and the State with request to defer their debts. Envisaging social background, the decision of the Government of Georgia to subsidize utility services of the natural persons definitely bears quite progressive character. The Government of Georgia has spent more than 170 million GEL within 3 months for those subscribers whose monthly electricity consumption doesn’t exceed 200 kW and natural gas consumption doesn’t exceed 200 cubic meters. For such consumers the Government has also subsidized water and cleaning service fees. This article analysis abovementioned and other socioeconomic aspects of the energy sector that have become relevant due to COVID-19.
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Hosseini, Hossein, and James Wright. "The Potential of Nuclear Reactor Technology to Treat Produced/Brackish Water for Oil & Gas Applications." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, November 29, 2018, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2019/v2i129721.
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A merger of two mature technologies (the nuclear and petroleum industries) has the potential to process water produced from oil and gas operations to drinking quality standards at a reasonable price of $0.30 to $0.40 per 42-gallon barrel. This “RO” process treats the produced water with the process heat from a small nuclear reactor with ~125 MW of power. This process also improves the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing and directional drilling, plus significantly reduces the volume of disposed water into formations while at the same time it increases public safety by reducing the probability of earthquakes [1].
For at least most of the past 10 years, the oil and gas industry in the United States has struggled to manage the ever-increasing costs of disposing and handling produced-water and other wastewater from oil and gas production in the Permian Basin and the US. This includes trying to develop and maintain the required high-quality fresh water supplies for both horizontal drilling, and new production techniques such as hydraulic fracturing. In fact, the current cost of water management for oil and gas production in the region has risen to the point where it has arguably become the industry’s most important cost issue. A successful approach to water management will maximize profit by promoting higher operational efficiency, leading to reduced costs.
The nuclear energy industry is well known for being a capable generator of electricity in the US. In the past 10 years, the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has verified an innovative nuclear reactor design that has been constructed and tested in the US to treat any water source to “drinking water” quality, plus a “waste” stream.” According to DOE/INL Reports, this can be accomplished in the cost range of ~$0.38 per 42-gallon “barrel” (or less than a half a cent per gallon) [2].
This would improve the efficiency of the Oil & Gas production industry through the utilization of “clean” water sources, plus also potentially re-establish the freshwater resources (e.g., the Ogallala Aquifer) that have been both depleted and polluted by both the petroleum industry and agriculture over the past 75 years or so.
The “process heat” required to treat this produced water to “drinking water” quality would be supplied by a 25 MW(thermal) “High-Temperature, Gas-cooled (nuclear) Reactor” (HTGR) that would be operated at temperatures up to 1700o F and cooled by the inert gas Helium (He). Further, this facility will never have to be "turned off" for refueling for ~70 years (the estimated life of the facility) since, in this reactor design, that process is automatic, and driven simply by gravity as described below.
The nuclear fuel is contained in thousands of small fuel-bearing microspheres that are ~1 mm in diameter and also made of graphite. The fuel-bearing microspheres are then mixed with more graphite and placed in thousands of graphite “pebbles” that are approximately the size of a tennis ball. These tennis ball sized pebbles are then placed in the reactor core in a manner analogous to a moving “gum-ball” machine. They enter the core at the top and start their travel to the core bottom. When these tennis-ball sized pebbles reach the bottom, via gravity, the fuel is completely used and they automatically fall out of the reactor core bottom for disposal. When this occurs, space is made at the top of the reactor core for a new fuel pebble to start its journey to the bottom of the core.
The cost of a “first” commercial plant with this design, constructed and privately financed in west Texas by the US private nuclear reactor engineering, design, and construction company named X-Energy, is estimated to be ~$1-2 billion. However, this cost is expected to be significantly reduced if X-Energy is 1) successful in financing this facility with municipal bonds and other non-governmental sources, plus 2) also working with the Trump administration in streamlining the “construction approval and licensing process” performed by the USNRC (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission).
It is X-energy’s belief that the current cost estimates by the federal government are inflated, and that by using engineering, design and construction processes currently required and used by other governments around the world, the total cost will be significantly reduced by up to 50%. In addition, this X-Energy facility will be the very first nuclear facility that will be constructed in the US using entirely private equity funds and financing which should also lower costs!
And in fact, the Trump administration is currently reviewing other projects such as this, and X-Energy believes that the secret to lowering the facility costs of nuclear reactors in the US is to drastically streamline the regulatory process for the facility design, engineering and construction of all reactors.
The attractive economic projections for this facility indicate both, a significant cost reduction of treating “produced water” from Oil & Gas Operations, and also provide a good path to both clean up and recharge existing fresh-water aquifers that have been polluted by agriculture and/or the petroleum industry. This marriage of technologies in the Petroleum and Nuclear industries can truly “make a difference” in improving the quality of drinking water in West Texas and also lead to a significant increase in profit for the oil and gas industry.
It is also important to emphasize that the proposed nuclear reactor design that will be used for these applications have been proven to be “intrinsically safe” throughout the world. In this case, “intrinsically safe” is defined as “if this reactor starts to have any potentially catastrophic problem (generally caused by fuel “failure”), it will automatically and without human intervention shut itself down” This ability is due to the unique design of the fuel system.
The concepts presented in this paper are transformational since this facility will utilize the technologies and experience of two gigantic and effective energy-producing entities in addressing and developing true “energy security” for the US and the world.