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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bihar (India)'
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1
Jewitt, Sarah. "Agro-ecological knowledges and forest management in the Jharkhand, India : Tribal development or populist impasse?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245151.
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Tiwari, Lalan. "Democracy and dissent a case study of the Bihar movement, 1974-75 /." Delhi, India : Mittal Publications, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18971880.html.
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Anand, Prathivadi B. "Violence and urbanisation: The Kerala-Bihar paradox and beyond." University of Bradford. Department of Development and Economic Studies, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3542.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the alleged association between urbanisation and violence and to take some preliminary steps towards an exploration of the role of trust in improving urban governance and thus reduce violence. In this paper, violence is interpreted broadly to include both active or direct violence but also passive and social violence in terms of lack of voice, and as a symptom of governance failure. The paper includes a cross section analysis based on data for some 123 countries and an in-depth case study of India. I will also examine what may be termed as the Kerala-Bihar paradox. Kerala is well-known for its achievements in human development and according to India human development report of 2001, Kerala is ranked 1 on human development indicators while Bihar is among the states lagging behind in terms of human development. However, state level analysis of crime suggests that Kerala is more criminalised than Bihar. In examining this paradox, some inferences are drawn on the role of trust in improving accountable governance and how this may result in reducing violent crime. Some issues for further research are identified.
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Sinha, Rajiv K. "Quaternary alluvial sedimentology of the Gandak-Kosi interfan, north Bihar, India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260473.
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Tiwary, Manish. "Ecological Institutions : joint forest management in Bihar (Jharkhand) and West Bengal, India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621423.
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González, Staffa Alvaro S. "Theoretical and empirical observations of rural credit markets in Bihar and Punjab, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68257.
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Damodaran, Vinita. "Unfilled promises : popular protest, the Congress and the national movement in Bihar, 1937-46." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272730.
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Pradhan, Rajesh Kumar. "Governments and the housing problem : the case of Bihar State Housing Board in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76864.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1986.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH<br>Bibliography: leaves 56-57.<br>by Rajesh Kumar Pradhan.<br>M.C.P.<br>M.S.
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Ghosh, Jaya. "A window on the juvenile justice system in India : an observation home in Bihar." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.734442.
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This thesis explores the experiences of children in conflict with the law living in the Observation Home at Patna, the state capital of Bihar, India. The data was collected through participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in consultation with the children, and 10 interviews were undertaken with stakeholders in the system. The study concentrates on the voices of children in order to develop an understanding of their experiences within the institutional environment and of their frames of reference in relation to different stakeholders as well as their own position in terms of participation and the working of the Juvenile Justice System. Based on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Indian State is committed to implementing a child-friendly system and facilitating children’s right to participation. However, in practice we find a system where the children in conflict with the law are often labelled as 'criminals' when they come in the purview of the system and hence perceived as to deserve punishment rather than sympathy, especially if they are accused of serious offences. These children go through torture, inhumane treatment and Police brutality; the majority of them experience a lengthy trial, without sufficient legal assistance, information about the process and minimum scope for participation. Despite the elaborate international framework that exists for juvenile justice, the fact remains that there is a huge gap between the law and the real situation on the ground. The study aims to review the Juvenile Justice System, to contribute to a better understanding of the problems faced by the children in conflict with the law, and to investigate the obstacles to effective implementation with a particular focus on current practices. The state needs to go beyond just making policy-level changes based on international parameters or obligations and start to develop an effective system by bringing all the stakeholders together as a team committed to the achievement of a child- friendly system.
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Patel, Lisa Bennett Trude. "Medication abortion provision in Bihar and Jharkhand, India health facility level and provider level influences /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2038.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Maternal and Child Health in the School of Public Health." Discipline: Maternal and Child Health; Department/School: Public Health.
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Prakash, Amit. "The politics of development and identity in the Jharkhand region of Bihar (India), 1951-91." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28960/.
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This is a study of the process by which public policy implementation influences the crystallisation of political identities premised on ethnic, lingual, religious or other similar grounds. It argues that the failure of development policy to intervene in socio-economic conditions encourages societal groups to articulate themselves as political identities. The Jharkhand movement in south Bihar has been studied to substantiate the theoretical formulations. After briefly outlining the historical roots of the Jharkhand movement, the study locates the tribal policy of the colonial and post-colonial Indian state in the dynamics of the colonial and nationalist discourses. The thesis then focuses on the changing development profile of the Jharkhand region and correlates it to the fluctuating electoral support for Jharkhand political formations. This correlation has been studied with the help of a Modified Resource Dependence Model (Echeverri-Gent, 1993). This model argues that both the State and the societal groups control resources which are vital to the other. As the State in India controls a vast array of resources, disadvantaged societal groups articulate themselves as a self-conscious ethnic identity in order to augment their political resources and influence the policy process in their own favour. The case of Jharkhandi identity and the movement around it is one example of such articulation of a politically significant self-conscious identity in order to gain a better bargaining power. To a certain extent, it has been successful in influencing the State's response in terms of securing a development council for the area. The Jharkhandi identity, in turn, has been shaped by the response of the policy machinery to local needs and demands. This two-way interaction between the State and the Jharkhandi identity has also significantly altered the character of the identity itself. The 'politics of development and identity' thus born has been discussed and changing approaches of the various political parties towards the Jharkhandi identity and its demand for autonomy have been analysed.
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Verma, Rajiv [Verfasser], and Regina [Akademischer Betreuer] Birner. "Governance conundrum : understanding the dynamics of petty corruption in Bihar, India / Rajiv Verma ; Betreuer: Regina Birner." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124517650/34.
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Kunnath, George Joseph. "From the mud houses of Magadh : Dalits, Naxalites and the making of a revolution in Bihar, India." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504633.
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Since its inception in the 1960s, the Naxalite movement, a Maoist inspired peasant struggle, has become a platform for Dalit militant assertions against caste and class oppression in many states of India. In Bihar, especially in Bhojpur and Magadh regions, Dalits took up arms against the upper caste landowners. In retaliation, however, the landlords formed their own private armies and the state unleashed a repressive police regime creating a climate of violence in Bihar, and especially Jehanabad district, which has led to the region becoming known as 'the killing fields'. In this thesis I examine the everyday world of Dalits - their articulations of self and community - shaped in the midst of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary violence. Focusing mainly on one village in Jehanabad district from where the Maoist movement began to spread its influence in the Magadh region, I examine the dynamic nature of Dalit response to deeply-felt structural cleavages, which involved a movement from relative quiescence to mobilization and armed resistance, and to demobilization. This study of Dalit participation in the Maoist movement engages with and builds on three key areas of anthropological debate. First, it offers a different perspective from that of conceptualizing radical movements narrowly in 'structure versus agency' terms. In drawing on Bourdieu's notion of 'social fields', my thesis makes a case for a more nuanced explanation of peasant revolutions, by integrating notions of social structure and human agency. Second, in engaging with Tarrow's concept of 'protest cycle', I examine the dynamic nature of Datit participation in the Maoist movement which involved a cycle of mobilizations and demobilizations. My works thus provides a historical sensitivity to the study of social movements. Third, drawing on my methodological closeness to the everyday Dalit world, my thesis highlights the significance of close experience and the relational nature of anthropological knowledge.
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Shukla, Devendra Kumar. "Project appraisal under risk, threat and uncertainty : a case study of the afforestation project of Bihar, India." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/project-appraisal-under-risk-threat-and-uncertainty--a-case-study-of-the-afforestation-project-of-bihar-india(09ea6192-580e-4083-9517-49f67bd535cc).html.
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In view of the Indian Government's growing commitment to forestry, a number of afforestation projects have been implemented. But most projects in developing countries do not conclude as per plan, uncertainty being a major factor. This study undertakes physical, financial, economic and social appraisal of the afforestation programme through case studies of the farm forestry (FF) and the rehabilitation of degraded forest (RDF) components and discusses the conceptual and methodological issues in appraisal of these projects under risk, threat and uncertainty. We have used three different approaches to risk appraisals in the present study. They are: the expected value of NPV through the illicit felling models; the cumulative distribution function comparisons through stochastic efficiency rules; the utility function of the project managers. Physical (logistic and Weibull models), financial and management decision (deterministic and probabilistic models) models developed in the study help in threat appraisal through quantification of physical loss, financial appraisal of its consequences and formulation of a management strategy under the threat of illicit felling. The risk analysis of the FF and the RDF component using Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate probability of return profiles and the results are compared through stochastic efficiency rules. The utility functions of the project managers are used to describe their risk attitude. The study shows that most managers are risk averse and the analysis of their utility functions supports the decreasing absolute risk aversion hypothesis. It emphasizes the need for a risk policy in the Forest Department. The economic appraisal examines the interaction of the FF and the RDF components with the economy rather than the treasury. Illicit felling is accounted for as a benefit to the economy. A 'Shadow pricing approach' is adopted for economic and social appraisals. For the social appraisal, inputs and outputs are estimated in terms of net discounted utility-weighted consumption flows. All the parameters of social and economic appraisal such as the consumption value of unit reinvestment, utility weight for incremental consumption at different consumption levels, social discount rate and economic discount rate are estimated. To study farmers' adoption behaviour, principal component analysis is used to explore significant factors and a logit model is developed after that to estimate probability of adoption. The study indicates that adoption of FF can be explained in an overall framework of evolutionary theory proposed in this study. The evolutionary theory posits that farmer tree growing can be considered as a land use strategy in response to both changing macro and micro factors, many of which relate to characteristics of the farmers, their resource endowments etc. It is concluded that success of projects can be assessed by taking account of the factors influencing the variability in the project outcome and understanding the whole process of people's interaction and participation in the project.
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KATO, Mariko. "THE ROLE OF MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES IN A GROWING ECONOMY: PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL CLASSES IN RURAL INDIA AND BIHAR." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16672.
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Das, Biswajit. "Educational and economic empowerment of rural scheduled caste women of Koch Bihar district of West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4344.
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KATO, Mariko. "The Role of Migration and Remittances for the Poor in Growing India : Perspectives on Social Classes in Rural Bihar." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17303.
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Shinde, S. "Effectiveness of SEHER, a school-based intervention to promote health in adolescents in Bihar, India : a clustered randomised trial." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2018. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646637/.
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Background: With rapid extensions to education in many emerging market economies, secondary schools have the potential to be an important platform for health promotion and prevention. A ‘health promoting school’ approach has become an increasingly popular framework internationally with which to address the health needs of school communities. A growing evidence base indicates that, if applied successfully, a health promoting school framework can lead to improvements in both health and educational outcomes. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a whole-school health promotion intervention (Mitra, meaning a friend) in Bihar, India. Two intervention delivery models using a lay school counsellor (the SEHER Mitra (SM) arm) or a teacher (Teacher as SM (TSM) arm), were compared against the standard Adolescent Health Education Program, in 74 government-run secondary schools in Bihar, India. All grade IX students were assessed at the start and end of the academic year (i.e. June 2015-March 2016; 8 months apart). The primary outcome was school climate, (the perceived ethos or atmosphere of the school) measured with the Beyond Blue School Climate Questionnaire (BBSCQ). Secondary outcomes included self-reported bullying, violence, depressive symptoms, attitudes towards gender equity, and knowledge of reproductive and sexual health. A qualitative study was nested in the trial to evaluate the reasons why the difference in the delivery agents may have yielded different results for the two arms when compared with the control. For this study, data were collected through one on one interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using Framework Analysis. Findings: The baseline survey was conducted in July 2015, and included 13,035 participants (SM: 4524; TSM: 4046; control: 4465; 52.5% boys). The endpoint survey included 14,414 participants (SM: 5316; TSM: 4475; control: 4623; 52.9% boys). School climate scores were similar by arm at baseline, but schools receiving the SM-delivered intervention had significantly larger gains in school climate scores at endpoint (mean BBSCQ=24.13) compared with those receiving the TSM-delivered intervention (mean BBSCQ= 17.16; adjusted mean difference (aMD)=7.91, 95%CI:6.34, 9.47; effect size (ES)=1.98 95%CI:1.93, 2.03) or the control intervention (mean BBSCQ=17.75; aMD=7.44, 95%CI:5.88, 8.99; ES=1.86 95%CI:1.81,1.91). School climate scores were similar in the TSM and control arms at the study endpoint (aMD=-0.47, 95%CI:-2.03, 1.08; ES=-0.12 95%CI:-0.17,-0.07). Schools with the SM-delivered intervention showed significant improvements in all secondary outcomes compared with both the TSM and control arms. From the qualitative sub-study, a number of fundamental implementation factors were identified as not being sufficiently well developed to facilitate the effective implementation of the SEHER in the TSM arm relative to SM arm. These included: a lack of a shared understanding of the SEHER amongst all key stakeholders; reluctance of principals to be the leader of the programme implementation in schools; poorly developed forms of collaboration within school; and the lack of a properly functioning School Health Promotion Committee; and overburdened TSMs with academic and non-academic responsibilities. Conclusions: The multicomponent whole-school health promotion intervention had major beneficial effects on school climate and related outcomes when it was delivered by lay school counsellors, but no consistent effects when delivered by teachers compared with the standard Government program.
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Jha, Tanushree Sandilya. "Communication for Development in “Mithilanchal”." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22797.
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ABSTRACT “There are many ways of conceptualizing development, ways that foreground economics, politics, culture, or a combination, and within each of those realms, ways that emphasize processes or structures or both and their relationships. Further, in some perspectives development is geographically inclusive, whereas in others the focus is the so-called Third World or developing countries and their aid needs”. (Wilkins, 2000, p.7) Considering the term ‘development’ in above quote, this thesis focuses on poverty and under-development prevailing in Mithilanchal region in India, the caste system which divides the society and its direct and indirect consequences. India, whether called a Third World country or a developing country, the difference between the developed and deprived regions can be well spotted and the aim of this thesis is to track how communication and other media tools have been helpful in development of society so far and then analyse how similar development can lead to more liveable society.The division of Mithilanchal region between the Elite and Mass led to control of Media by the powerful Elites. The flow of information was more diffusive (one-way / top to bottom) than participatory (both way) and with new media and ICT making its place globally, awareness increased along with the participation of people from different strata of society.This thesis explores on how instrumental media has been in enlightening the society over the period of time, what impact media and its various forms have had in everyday life of commoners and how people living in deprivation look up to the media for it to be more available and accessible.With the help of qualitative interviews and questionnaire surveys conducted in the region, the thesis concludes that people have had the benefit of media’s presence since long. Traditional - Communication media did leave impact on people’s lives and even today, those who live in these regions are looking forward to more economic, political and social development with the help of new media and ICT. The various positive transformations in unequal social structure brought out with help of communication is aimed to be discussed by the end of the thesis.
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Trivedi, S. N. "Utility-based social shadow pricing and its comparison with other evaluation techniques : A cost-benefit study of fuelwood plantations in Bihar, India." Thesis, Bangor University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384107.
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Chandrasekhar, Chaya. "Pāla-Period Buddha Images: their hands, hand gestures, and hand-held attributes." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092830047.
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Zarhani, Seyedhossein [Verfasser], and Subrata K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mitra. "Dynamics of Governance and Development in India A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar after 1990 / Seyedhossein Zarhani ; Betreuer: Subrata K. Mitra." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180617487/34.
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Candau, Marie-Amélie. "Politique de gestion des inondations et (re)productions d'inégalités socio-spatiales dans la plaine de la Koshi : Téraï oriental népalais et Bihar indien septentrional." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100178.
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Les inondations ont toujours représenté un défi aux sociétés humaines qui s’y sont plus ou moins bien adaptées. Le piémont méridional himalayen est certainement le lieu du défi le plus important posé à l’homme en raison de la puissance et l’irrégularité des débits, de la force de cette eau chargée de sédiments, de l’imprévisibilité des variations du fait de pluies de mousson erratiques, de l’instabilité des cours d’eau due à la rupture brutale de pente et de gradient hydraulique lorsque les rivières atteignent la plaine gangétique, mais aussi de la forte densité de population (plus de 500 hab./km²). L’aménagement de ces rivières, longtemps délaissé en raison de ces facteurs, est devenu l’obsession des états modernes de l’Inde et du Népal qui développent cette plaine, respectivement dans le Nord-Bihar et au Téraï, au potentiel socio-économique important, voire fondamental pour le Népal. Cet aménagement a pour but de maintenir les flux capricieux entre des digues, de répartir l’eau dans des canaux à l’aide de barrages d’écrêtage. Cependant, les résultats escomptés ne sont pas au rendez-vous. Les inondations se sont multipliées, devenant plus fréquentes et souvent plus longues à se résorber ; les superficies exposées se sont étendues, et surtout les causes se sont diversifiées, démontrant très clairement l’inadaptation des aménagements au but recherché. Cette inadaptation a pour conséquence des accidents de plus en plus nombreux, fréquents et destructeurs, à l’image de la spectaculaire catastrophe de 2008, encore vive dans les mémoires dix ans plus tard. L’analyse sur le terrain, sur 6 sites localisés entre les digues comme à proximité d’affluents de la puissante Koshi, confirment très largement ce constat, alourdi par l’étude de villages népalais et indiens dévastés en 2008. Les conséquences humaines sont dramatiques. La paupérisation des classes populaires est impressionnante, avec une augmentation incontrôlable du nombre de familles sans terre, vivant dans de terribles conditions de dénuement, sans soins, sans école, tandis qu’à côté la puissance des classes aisées ne cesse de croître. L’étude des circuits de décision et de distribution fait apparaître une organisation sociale à fondement « semi-féodal », où les héritiers des anciens zamindars sont restés de puissants propriétaires terriens qui orientent le choix des aménagements afin de protéger leurs terres, aux dépens des plus pauvres. Ainsi s’établit un mécanisme de passe-droit et de détournement des richesses, avec l’aide d’un pouvoir politique largement corrompu et clientéliste, qui atteint tous les centres de décision, de l’élu à l’ingénieur, de l’entrepreneur à l’ONG, et qui est désormais gangréné par les réseaux mafieux. La déliquescence du pouvoir central ou régional est tellement évidente que l’insécurité gagne l’ensemble du territoire, s’ajoutant à la vulnérabilité forte face au risque d’inondation qui stérilise de plus en plus de surfaces agricoles et menace des populations de plus en plus nombreuses<br>Floods have always been a challenge to human societies whether they are well adapted to them or not. The southern Himalayan foothills are certainly the greatest challenge to humans due to a combination of factors such as the force and irregularities of flows, the strength of this sediment-laden water, the unpredictability of variations due to erratic monsoon rains, the instability of the riverpath due to the sudden rupture of slope and the high hydraulic gradient of the rivers when entering the gangetic plain, and also the relatively high density of the population (over 500 inhabitants/km²).The planning development of these rivers, long neglected due to the unique combination of these factors, has become the obsession of the modern nations of India and Nepal which develop this plain, respectively in North Bihar and Tarai, with significant socio-economic potential, even fundamental for Nepal. The aim of such development is to keep the capricious flows of these rivers within dikes and to divert water into irrigation canals with the help of a barrage. However, the expected results are not at the rendezvous. Flooding in recent times has increased in both frequency and duration; the areas exposed have expanded, and above all the causes have diversified, which clearly indicates the failure of current management strategies. Consequently, the loss of life and property has continued to increase, culminating in the 2008 catastrophe which resulted in over thirty thousand deaths and massive damage to property and livestock. The fieldwork confirms this observation very largely. It focuses on six villages located between dikes, or close to tributaries of the Koshi river, or along the devastating Koshi path of 2008 both in Nepal and India. The human consequences have been dramatic. The impoverishment of much of the working class, mostly peasant population, is impressive, with an uncontrollable increase in the number of landless families living in terrible conditions of destitution, without care, without schools while at the same time the power of the wealthy classes have continued to thrive. The study of the decision-making and distribution circuits reveals a semi-feudal social system, controlled by the heirs of the former "zamindars" who have remained powerful landowners and influence all management decisions to protect their property, often at the expense of the poor. Thus, a mechanism of privilege and misappropriation of wealth is established, with the help of a largely corrupt and clientelist political power of all levels of decision making, from the elected representative to the engineer, from the entrepreneur to the NGO, and in which mafia networks are now involved. The decline of central or regional power is so obvious that insecurity is spreading throughout the region, in addition to the high vulnerability in the face of serious floods that are destroying and sterilizing more and more agricultural lands, and thus threatening more and more people
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Brush, Shayla. "Political Participation Contrasted in India: A Contextual Comparison Between Kerala and Biha." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20327.
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State processes and programs are often constructed and implemented with the intention to ameliorate the lives of the inhabitants living within those borders. However, in order for citizens to benefit from these programs and processes, for example, anti-poverty programs and decentralization projects, their participation is a necessity. But societal contexts in which citizen participation occurs vary to great extents. It is important then to investigate these differences so as to further our understanding of the workings of participation. This research conducts a comparative analysis between two states in India, Kerala and Bihar, of contextual factors impacting participation. It shows that both trust in the state as well as formal education affect the level of participation of the population. This research engages with and attempts to add to the literature of participatory development by analyzing and explaining some of the impact that context has on participation of inhabitants.
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Priyam, Manisha. "Aligning opportunities and interests : the politics of educational reform in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Bihar." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/389/.
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This thesis investigates the role of politics in implementing educational reform in India during the period 1994 to 2011. Much of the recent research on politics and educational reform has been dominated by the analytical framework of formal political economy, but this framework has not been able to explain how reforms are successfully adopted. Also, the main focus has been on the negative role of politics, controlled by powerful interest groups and biased institutions, in constraining changes likely to benefit poor people. I focus instead on understanding the political dynamics in cases of success. In particular, why do political leaders and public officials support educational reform even though this does not suit their political calculations, and is likely to encounter resistance from teacher unions and educational bureaucracies? To understand these dynamics, I use the framework of comparative institutionalism, and examine the contested interaction of ideas, interests, and institutions, leading to success or failure. To analyse the process of reform implementation, I have selected two Indian states—Andhra Pradesh and Bihar. Both were educationally backward at the beginning of the 1990s and were confronted with a common agenda for reform established by the federal government. However, they pursued divergent trajectories over the next decade, with the former state achieving higher levels and reduced disparities in primary school participation. I compare the political dynamics in three important arenas: the management of teacher interests and their unions, educational decentralisation, and the daily interactions between poor households, schools, and the local state. I find that political strategies are important in determining variations in outcomes. In Andhra Pradesh, the political leadership found an alignment between the new opportunities provided by the federal government and its own agenda for development; it created new allies for change by reducing discretion in teacher policies, playing on interunion rivalries, and creating a local cadre of party loyalists. However, a wider agenda of development was missing in Bihar, and even successfully designed school decentralisation policies could not be implemented due to weak support from political leaders, and because of local elite capture. In both the states, however, the interaction of the poor with schools and the local state was a process of struggle, indicative of the challenges that lie ahead.
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Robin, Cyril. "Du rôle de la caste en politique : la représentation des Other Backward Classes sur la scène politique de l'Etat du Bihar, 1952-2005." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0051.
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En Inde, principalement à partir des premières élections tenues au suffrage universel en 1951, la suprématie des hautes castes sur le parti dominant, le parti du Congrès, a largement contribué au maintien en marge du processus de décision des élus issus d’autres groupes et catégories de la société indienne. L’objectif de cette étude est alors de décrire et d’analyser les ressorts de la représentation politique aussi bien symbolique, descriptive que substantive des élus appartenant à la catégorie des Other Backward Classes (« autres classes défavorisées », OBC), catégorie située entre les deux pôles de l’espace social indien : la catégorie des Scheduled Castes (« castes répertoriées », ex intouchables, SC) et la catégorie des hautes castes qui peut être définie par son exclusion des bénéfices de la politique compensatoire. L’examen des élections régionales qui se sont tenues entre 1952 et 2005 à l’Assemblée législative du Bihar permet de suivre l’évolution des rapports de force entre les différents groupes d’élus et de s’interroger sur le lien entre représentation et démocratisation. Une première fois après les élections de 1967, puis une deuxième fois en 1977, des membres de la catégorie OBC vont être élus au poste de chef du gouvernement du Bihar. Toutefois, ce n’est qu’après les élections de 1990 qu’un changement plus radical se produit avec, pour la première fois dans un Etat du nord de l’Inde, un nombre d’élus de hautes castes inférieur à celui des élus OBC. Depuis, la scène politique du Bihar est largement dominée par les OBC dont la présence au pouvoir a révélé des intérêts divergents croissants<br>In India, mainly from the first general elections held in 1951 by universal suffrage, the domination of upper castes over the main political party, the Indian National Congress, largely contributed to the marginalization from the decision making process of MLAs belonging to other sections of the Indian society. The objective of this study is therefore to describe and analyse the motivations - symbolic, descriptive as well as substantive - of elected members belonging to Other Backward Classes (OBC). The OBC category is placed between the two extremities in Indian society, namely the Scheduled Castes (SC), earlier treated as untouchable, and the upper castes who were not entitled to the advantages of compensatory politics. A study of the elections to the Bihar Legislative Assembly held between 1952 and 2005 allows us to follow the changes in the balance of power between elected representatives belonging to different castes and question the relationship between representation and the spread of democracy. For the first time after the 1967 elections and for the second time in 1977, OBC members were elected Chief Ministers of Bihar. However, it was only after the 1990 elections that a more radical change took place when, for the first time, there were fewer elected representatives from the upper castes than from the OBC in a North Indian state. Since then, politics Bihar has been mainly dominated by OBCs whose presence at the helm of affairs has increasingly brought to light their divergent interests
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Salins, Swarthick E. "Primary health care delivery in rural India : examining the efficacy of a policy for recruiting junior doctors in Karnataka." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/630.
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Kunze, Claudia. "Obstacles to gender equality in East Champaran district of Bihar, North India : exploration of the right to healthcare for children under five." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25587.
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Child rights, especially the right to health for children, is a concept of human development. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the obstacles to gender equality in the right to healthcare for children under five years in East Champaran, Bihar, North India. Ten key informant interviews and nine focus group discussions with mothers, fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers were conducted to research the barriers of guardians to accessing healthcare for their children, including their root beliefs and choices, which causes health inequalities. It was found that a strong patriarchal tradition predominates in these communities in North India, which favour sons and disadvantages daughters in healthcare provision. Despite the existing child rights and human rights policies that have been legislated, in India traditional practices that discriminate against female children remain dominant in the society, and limit development in East Champaran, Bihar, North India.<br>Development Studies<br>M.A. (Development Studies)
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Sheets, Darren. "Multiple linear regression model of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bihar, India." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1674.
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Amalendu, Shekhar. "Political representation in India: a case study of Bihar state legislators." Thesis, 1990. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/5746.
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Loutfi, David. "Impact of the elderly on household health expenditure in Bihar and Kerala, India." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10838.
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Dans le contexte d’une population vieillissante, nous avons étudié l’impact de la présence de personnes âgées sur les dépenses catastrophiques de santé (DCS), ainsi que leur impact sur trois effets reliés (le fait d’éviter des traitements, la perte de revenu, et l’utilisation de sources de financement alternatives). Nous avons utilisé les données d’une enquête du National Sample Survey Organization (Inde) en 2004, portant sur les dépenses reliées à la santé. Nous avons choisi un état développé (Kerala) et un état en voie de développement (Bihar) pour faire une comparaison des effets de la présence de personnes âgées sur les ménages. Nous avons trouvé qu’il y avait plus de DCS au Kerala et que ceci était probablement lié à la présence accrue de personnes âgées au Kerala ce qui mène à plus de maladies chroniques. Nous avons supposé que l’utilisation de services de santé privés serait lié à une augmentation de DCS, mais l’effet a varié en fonction de l’état, du présence d’une personne âgée, et du type de service utilisé (ambulatoire ou hospitalisation). Nous avons aussi trouvé que les femmes âgées au Bihar utilisait les services de santé moins qu’elle ne devrait, que les ménages ayant plus de 4 personnes ont possiblement un effet protecteur pour les personnes âgées, et que certains castes et group religieux ont dû emprunter plus souvent que d’autres groupes pour payer les frais de santé. La présence de personnes âgées, les maladies chroniques, et l’utilisation de services de santé privées sont tous liés aux DCS, mais, d’après nos résultats, d’autres groupes retardent les conséquences économiques en empruntant ou évitant les traitements. Nous espérons que ces résultats seront utilisés pour approfondir les connaissances sur l’effet de personnes âgées sur les dépenses de santé ou qu’ils seront utilisés dans des discussions de politiques de santé.<br>In the context of an ageing population in India, we have examined the impact of the elderly on catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and three related access impacts (avoidance of treatment, loss of income, and alternate sources of funding). We used data from the National Sample Survey Organization (India) survey on healthcare in 2004. We chose one developed state (Kerala) and one developing state (Bihar) to compare and contrast the impact of ageing on households. Our results showed that CHE was higher in Kerala and that this was likely due to more elderly that in turn have more chronic disease. We expected the use of private treatment to lead to higher levels of CHE, and while it did for some households, the impact of private treatment on CHE, varied by state, presence of elderly, and type of health service (inpatient or outpatient). We also found that elderly females in Bihar were at a disadvantage with regards to health services utilizations, that larger household size might have a protective effect on elderly households, and that some scheduled caste and Muslim households have to borrow more often than other groups in order to fund their treatment. While the elderly, chronic disease and private treatment are linked to CHE, our results suggest that other groups may simply be delaying the consequences of paying for healthcare, by avoiding treatment or borrowing money. We hope that these results be used to explore the impact of the elderly in more detail in future research, or that it contribute to health policy discussions.
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Tiwary, Narendra Kumar. "Real time flood forecasting and flood inundation mapping for Bagmati river system of Bihar, India." Thesis, 2016. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7176.
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Dutta, Sujit Kumar. "Development and the structure of social inequality in rural India: A sociological study based on Three villages of Rohtas District, Bihar." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/6386.
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Landmann, Dirk Hauke. "Capacity development of small-scale farmers in developing countries: Analysis of preferences and the role of information and communication technologies." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E505-2.
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