Journal articles: 'Bihar (India)'

1

KUMAR, AISHWARJ. "A Marginalized Voice in the History of ‘Hindi’." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 5 (2013): 1706–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000492.

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AbstractThis paper examines the history of ‘Hindi’1 as a modern Indian language in Bihar between 1850 and 1900. It looks beyond the North-Western Provinces, hitherto the focus of most studies of Hindi, and issues that were important here but not in Bihar like, for example, the ‘Hindi’-Urdu conflict. Instead, it looks at how the ways in which the history of ‘Hindi’ unfolded in Bihar and was distinct from that in other parts of North India. It demonstrates how the regional languages of Bihar were more crucial to the development of ‘Hindi’ in this region than standardized ‘Hindi’, at least until the early twentieth century. A prime focus in this paper is Sir George Abraham Grierson who postulated the theory of an independent ‘Bihari’ language and collected materials to support it. These materials reflect the continuing popularity of Bihari cultural traditions throughout the nineteenth century despite the avowed support for a standardized ‘Hindi’ by the colonial government and the intelligentsia of Bihar. They add a dimension to the historical development of ‘Hindi’ that was distinctive to Bihar. Focussing on this, this paper stresses the part played in the history of ‘Hindi’ by an agent whose voice was marginalized and later ignored or suppressed in canonical accounts of its development as a modern Indian language.

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Tosha, Mallika, and Rajiv Ranjan Dwivedi. "Perception through the Personified: A Study of Children’s Folklore from Bihar, India." IAFOR Journal of Literature & Librarianship 12, no. 1 (2023): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijl.12.1.04.

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The research explores the children-related literature of Bihar, an eastern state of India, in order to find their impact on the perception of the listeners. There is a range of research on folklore from India; however, there has yet to be much research on children-related folklore in Bihar. Considering this research gap, the present research intends to study the effect of children’s folklore on shaping their psyche. Through a qualitative analysis, the research attempts to find answers to questions such as: how do the verbal elements of the Bihari folklore affect children’s way of thinking; do these folk genres always boost their wisdom or at times question their sense of perceiving morality; does folklore play any role in spreading awareness. We recorded rare folklore and folk beliefs and interviewed the natives of three districts as representatives of the ancient Magadh, Mithila, and Anga regions of Bihar. We concluded that folklore and folk beliefs could be important tools in spreading wisdom, humanitarian perspectives, and environmental consciousness among children. Therefore, the folk genre contributes to raising awareness of cultural norms within society.

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Tosha, Mallika, and Rajiv Ranjan Dwivedi. "Perception through the Personified: A Study of Children’s Folklore from Bihar, India." IAFOR Journal of Literature & Librarianship 12, no. 1 (2023): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijl.12.2.04.

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The research explores the children-related literature of Bihar, an eastern state of India, in order to find their impact on the perception of the listeners. There is a range of research on folklore from India; however, there has yet to be much research on children-related folklore in Bihar. Considering this research gap, the present research intends to study the effect of children’s folklore on shaping their psyche. Through a qualitative analysis, the research attempts to find answers to questions such as: how do the verbal elements of the Bihari folklore affect children’s way of thinking; do these folk genres always boost their wisdom or at times question their sense of perceiving morality; does folklore play any role in spreading awareness. We recorded rare folklore and folk beliefs and interviewed the natives of three districts as representatives of the ancient Magadh, Mithila, and Anga regions of Bihar. We concluded that folklore and folk beliefs could be important tools in spreading wisdom, humanitarian perspectives, and environmental consciousness among children. Therefore, the folk genre contributes to raising awareness of cultural norms within society.

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Hasker, Epco, Shri Prakash Singh, Paritosh Malaviya, et al. "Visceral Leishmaniasis, Rural Bihar, India." Emerging Infectious Diseases 18, no. 10 (2012): 1662–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1810.111083.

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CHAKRAVARTTY, ARYENDRA. "Provincial Pasts and National Histories: Territorial self-fashioning in twentieth-century Bihar." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 4 (2018): 1347–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000561.

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AbstractThis article explores how local lived experiences and nationalist sentiments converged to shape a regional literati's conception of the province of Bihar in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century colonial India. Following the formation of the separate province of Bihar in 1912, certain very powerful Indian-nationalist and cultural-historical factors were deployed to create a much-needed cultural-historical past for Bihar. In this project of territorial self-fashioning, institutions such as the Bihar and Orissa Research Society (1915) and the Patna Museum (1917) became crucial to the new political-cultural configuration of the region. Additionally, they also made Bihar's ancient past visible in a deliberately nationalist narrative. Projecting its rich ancient past onto a national framework provided Bihar with the possibility of overcoming its characterization as ‘backward’ and provincial. This article therefore moves beyond analytic frameworks of nationalism which emphasize particularities of regional identity by framing them in perpetual antagonism to the efforts of Indian national integration. By looking at the construction of narratives of an ancient past that straddled the region and the nation, I argue that the emergence of an entity called Bihar was braided into India's nationalist imagination.

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Sharma, Sanjiv Kumar. "A signature dish of Bihar: Litti and Chokha." MOJ Food Processing & Technology 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2019.07.00210.

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Bihar is a land locked state lying in the eastern part of India. The word Bihar comes from the Sanskrit word Vihara meaning Buddhist Monasteries. The Mauryan Empire rose from Magadha. Buddhism, which is one of the biggest religions in the world, originated in Bihar and it is also home to the ancient Nalanda University, which was a centre of learning established during the 5th century. Litti Chokha a remarkable dish which comes from the state of Bihar is not only popular in India today, but has also made a special mark globally. Litti and Chokha are absolutely delicious and is the rustic way of cooking.

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Sharma, Sanjiv Kumar. "A signature dish of Bihar: Litti and Chokha." MOJ Food Processing & Technology 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2019.07.00210.

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Bihar is a land locked state lying in the eastern part of India. The word Bihar comes from the Sanskrit word Vihara meaning Buddhist Monasteries. The Mauryan Empire rose from Magadha. Buddhism, which is one of the biggest religions in the world, originated in Bihar and it is also home to the ancient Nalanda University, which was a centre of learning established during the 5th century. Litti Chokha a remarkable dish which comes from the state of Bihar is not only popular in India today, but has also made a special mark globally. Litti and Chokha are absolutely delicious and is the rustic way of cooking.

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8

Imam, Altamash. "Social and Political Mobilisation on Reservation Policy in Bihar: A Historical Contour." Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2024): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/sjahss.v3i2.244.

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Presently, reservation stands as one of the significant issues in Indian politics. Its relevance has heightened with political mobilisation centred around reservation politics, particularly in Bihar politics. Bihar, one of the most diverse states in terms of population, is stratified based on caste and class consciousness. The distribution pattern of the reservation system in Bihar has always held a unique position in the prospects of reservation politics in India. The present paper focuses on the historical evolution of the reservation pattern in Bihar. Furthermore, it analyses how socio-political mobilisation has occurred in the shadow of reservation politics. This study also highlights the role of reservation politics in shaping political consciousness. It discusses the pivotal movement on mobilisation in Bihar's social justice policies and emphasises the long-term influence of reservation politics on the state's political environment.

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Bajaj, Akshay, Dr Rajeev Chauhan, and Sudhakar Sathiaseelan. "Turtle Rescue Centre, Bhagalpur (Bihar), India." Reptiles & Amphibians 28, no. 2 (2021): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i2.15502.

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Pankaj, Nalinaksh, and Bhrigu Nath. "Anurans of Gaya District, Bihar, India." Reptiles & Amphibians 28, no. 1 (2021): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i1.15348.

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11

Jain, S. P., S. C. Singh, and H. S. Puri. "Medicinal Plants of Neterhat, Bihar, India." International Journal of Pharmacognosy 32, no. 1 (1994): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209409082971.

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12

Kunnath, George J. "Smouldering Dalit fires in Bihar, India." Dialectical Anthropology 33, no. 3-4 (2009): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10624-009-9134-5.

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13

Jaffrelot, Christophe. "India in 2015." Asian Survey 56, no. 1 (2016): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2016.56.1.174.

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While India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party lost elections in Delhi and Bihar, and its government failed to implement any significant reform in 2015, the economy was slowly recovering and Prime Minister Narendra Modi conducted an active foreign policy.

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R S, Sharma, Mandal B K, and Das G K. "DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF CATASTROPHIC FLOOD OVER EASTERN INDIA IN JULY 2017 - A CASE STUDY." MAUSAM 71, no. 3 (2021): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i3.53.

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Floods are very common in eastern India during southwest monsoon season. It brings a lot of misery to the people of this region. Every year eastern Indian states namely West Bengal, Odisha and Bihar witness such types of flood during monsoon period. Major river basins in eastern India are Ganga river basin in Bihar and West Bengal area, Odisha has three river basins namely Mahanadi, Subarnarekha, Brahmani and Baitarani [Fig. 1(a)]. As majority of tributary rivers of Ganga passing through Bihar and West Bengal; these two states are more prone to massive flood during monsoon season. The abnormal occurrence of rainfall generally causes floods. It occurs when surface runoff exceeds the capacity of natural drainage. The heavy rainfall is frequently occurring event over the area during South-West Monsoon (SWM) every year. The geographical location of the area, orography and its interaction with the basic monsoon flow is considered as one of prime factors of these heavy rainfall activities. Synoptically, the latitudinal oscillation of eastern end of the Monsoon Trough and the synoptic disturbances formed or passing over the eastern India region and / or its neighbourhood that brings moisture laden Easterly or South-Easterly winds over the area are the main causes responsible for heavy rainfall in this area.

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Krishna, Gopal, Anant Kumar, P. Lakshminarasimhan, and Anand Kumar. "Distributional Note on Fernandoa adenophylla (Wall. ex G.Don) Steenis (Bignoniaceae)." Indian Journal of Forestry 39, no. 2 (2016): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-624w4y.

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During the botanical exploration tour to Aurangabad and Nawada districts of Bihar in 2014-15, authors collected Fernandoa adenophylla (Wall. ex G.Don) Steenis (Bignoniaceae), a species not recorded from Bihar so far. The present collection is reported as new generic record from Bihar as naturalised. Detailed morphological description, habitat and distribution in India are presented here.

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Najmuddin, Omaid, Golam Rasul, Abid Hussain, David Molden, Shahriar Wahid, and Bijan Debnath. "Low Water Productivity for Rice in Bihar, India—A Critical Analysis." Water 10, no. 8 (2018): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10081082.

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Rice is the most important crop for food security and livelihoods of the rural population in Bihar, India. In spite of good soil and water resources, rice water productivity (WP) is very low in Bihar. Trends in WP and key factors influencing WP over 20 years (1991–2010) in 11 Bihar districts were analysed using panel data to help elucidate reasons for low WP values. The annual average rice yield of 938 kg/ha, WP of 0.22 kg/m3, and marginal physical productivity (MPP) of 249 g/m3 are very low in Bihar compared to both the national average for India and other rice growing areas in the world. Rice WP and MPP were higher for the garma (dry) season than for the kharif (monsoon) season. Temporal analysis showed that WP was slowly declining in most districts, while spatial analysis showed a significant variation in WP across the districts. Regression analysis showed that the availability of irrigation facilities, occurrence of flood and drought, and cropping intensity had significant influence on rice WP. Causes for temporal and spatial changes in WP are highlighted and actions to improve rice WP in Bihar are suggested.

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17

Kumar, Rajnish, Ameesh John Stephen, and Amit Kumar. "Marketing of Hybrid Paddy Seeds in Saharsa District of Bihar, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 9 (2023): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92024.

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Agriculture plays an important role in the Indian economy. India has a dominant position in the production of paddy next to China at the world level. Bihar is one of the major paddy-producing states in India. The present study was conducted in the year 2021-2022 at the Saharsa district of Bihar. A sample of hybrid paddy-growing farmers from six villages was selected purposively. Thus making a sample size of 100. The results showed that the majority of the respondents of the hybrid paddy growers belongs to the medium adoption category. With agriculture being one of its strongest sectors in the Indian economy, the state also achieves significantly high agricultural production every year. About 80 per cent of the state’s population is employed in agriculture, which is much higher than the corresponding average figure for India as a whole. Agricultural marketing plays a vital role in the agricultural development of the state which is a pre-requisite for development in other sectors and also for the overall development of the economy of the state. Therefore this paper attempts to analyse the production and marketing system of paddy seeds like marketing channels and marketing problems faced by the farmers in the study area. In this study, it comes out that Bihar is predominantly a Retailer influenced market. The farmer purchases the products at the suggestion of retailers. So, the company should build strong relationships with dealers, which are influenced by more margins, by providing more incentives and more of other benefits.

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Singh, Jayakant, and Enu Anand. "The Nexus between Child Marriage and Women Empowerment with Physical Violence in Two Culturally Distinct States of India." International Journal of Population Research 2015 (December 7, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/458654.

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Summary. We investigated the relationship between child marriage among young women and their level of empowerment with spousal physical violence in two culturally distinct states of India (Bihar and Tamil Nadu) using nationally representative survey data. Empowerment index was calculated taking into account parameters such as mobility, economic independence, and decision-making power of a woman using Principal Component Analysis method. Lower level of women empowerment was significantly associated with physical violence in Tamil Nadu (OR = 2.38, p<0.01) whereas marriage before the age of 15 was associated with physical violence in Bihar (OR = 3.27, p<0.001). The mean age at marriage was low among women who reported physical violence as compared to those who did not report physical violence across Bihar and Tamil Nadu and at all India level. Although the majority of the women in Tamil Nadu justified wife beating and witnessed father beating mother as compared to the women from Bihar, however, they were less likely to report physical violence than women from Bihar. Factors contributing to physical violence are distinct in Bihar and Tamil Nadu. Culture specific intervention may be considered while planning intervention strategies to curb spousal violence against women.

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Altbach, Philip G. "Is a World-Class University Possible in Rural Bihar?" International Higher Education, no. 70 (January 1, 2013): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2013.70.8710.

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The Indian and Bihar government, with the support of the East Asian Summit, is resurrecting the 6th century Nalanda University, near its original site in rural northern Bihar. Significant funds have been earmarked for the project, and planning is now under way. Impressive international linkages have already been made. The concept, of course, is wonderful—to recreate in modern garb a true cultural and intellectual treasure of ancient India. The plan for the university focuses on the humanities, social sciences, ecology, and business studies—not the usual engineering and technology emphasis. But some serious practical and conceptual questions need to be asked.

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Robb, Peter. "Labour in India 1860–1920: Typologies, Change and Regulation." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 4, no. 1 (1994): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300004909.

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In recent years several important books have discussed aspects of labour in India. Some have been significant in their fields more generally, and the subject as a whole can be seen to be changing. This essay reflects on four works, a three-volume collection of documents published by the Indian Council for Historical Research, and Gyan Prakash's monograph on Bihar, which together might be taken as representing the transition in Indian labour studies.

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Sharma, B. K., Sumita Sharma, and V. Dudani,. "Freshwater Rotifers from Darbhanga City, Bihar, India." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 91, no. 3-4 (1992): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v91/i3-4/1992/160925.

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Sarkar, A. K. "The Amphibians of Chota Nagpur (Bihar), India." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 89, no. 1-4 (1991): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v89/i1-4/1991/161007.

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23

Md. Equbal, Ahmad, Sinha Nidhi, Nawal Dipti, and Kumari Kimmi. "Aphids Infesting Medicinal Plants in Bihar, India." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.078.

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Aphids also known as plant lice constitute one of the most important group of phytophagous insects because of their polymorphism, host alternating heteroecious behavior and reproductive habits. They attack all parts of the plants and damage the crop directly by sucking sap from the plant tissue. They have also remarkable ability of transmitting plant viral diseases. The healing power of traditional herbal medicines has been realized and documented since Rig Veda and Atharva Veda. According to WHO, Nearly 80% of populations of developing countries relies on traditional plantbased systems of medicine to provide them with primary health care. Medicinal plants are facing threats due to the infestation of aphids and other insects. In India, 1800 plant species are of medicinal importance. In Bihar, so far 41 species of aphids were recorded on more than 122 plant species which belong to 35 families. Among these, 32 aphids have been recorded on 82 species of medicinal plants belonging to 27 families. The maximum infestation was observed by Aphis gossypii (37 plants) followed by Myzus persicae (26 plants), Aphis craccivora (20 plants) and Aphis nasturtii (13 plants) and maximum number of aphid species infesting the medicinal plants belonging to family Poaceae and Solanaceae (10 aphid species each), Asteraceae (9 aphid species), Malvaceae (8 aphid species), Cucurbitaceae (7 aphid species) and Fabaceae (6 aphid species) and therefore need attention.

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Kumar, G. "Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in Bihar, India." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 46 (January 2018): e71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.244.

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Sen, Anindita, Gourab Chakraborty, Atanu Ray, Parthajit Banerjee, and Nishith Pal. "CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS: A CASE REPORT FROM BIHAR, INDIA." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 5, no. 77 (2016): 5766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2016/1300.

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Alam, Ahbar, Dr Gopal Sharma, Md Shahbaz, Md Maaz, and Shahla Yasmin. "Avifauna along Ganges near Patna, Bihar, India." Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 10, no. 6 (2022): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2022.v10.i6c.9117.

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Naithani, H. B., A. Chandra, and P. K. Verma. "Additions to the Flora of Bihar, India." Indian Forester 149, no. 11 (2023): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.36808/if/2023/v149i11/169569.

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Dubey, Shobharam. "Buddhist Art Center of Bihar." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 9, no. 2 (2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2022.v09i02.003.

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Mahatma Buddha took birth in Lumbini, Nepal and spread Buddhism in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The remains of Buddhist architecture in the form of stupas, chaityas and Bihar are spread over the states of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh in the form of Buddhist art centers of India. The state of Bihar has been the abode of Buddha. Bodh Gaya situated here is famous for the Buddha's enlightenment. Among the famous Buddhist art centers of Vihara state, Laurianandangarh, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya and Vaishali are the main ones.  Abstract in Hindi Language: लौरियानन्दनगढ़, राजगीर, नालन्दा, बोधगया, वैशाली।

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Winer, Lise. "Indic Lexicon in the English/Creole of Trinidad." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 79, no. 1-2 (2005): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002499.

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Examines the contemporary lexical component of the English/Creole of Trinidad (TEC) that is derived from languages of India. Author focuses on the TEC as spoken among Indo-Trinidadians, but also pays attention to Indic words used in the TEC of Afro-Trinidadians and other groups. Author sketches the history of Indian immigration into Trinidad, explaining how most came from the Bihar province in northern India and spoke Bhojpuri, rather than (closely related) Hindi, and how in the 20th c. Indian languages were replaced by English with education. She further focuses on retained Indic words incorporated in current-day TEC, and found 1844 of such words in usage. She discusses words misassigned locally as Indian-derived, but actually from other (European or African) languages. Then, she describes most of the Indo-TEC lexicon, categorizing items by their semantic-cultural domain, with major domains for Indian-derived words: religious practice, music, dance and stickfighting, food preparation, agriculture, kinship, and behaviour or appearance. Further, the author discusses to what degree Indic words have been mainstreamed within the non-Indian population of Trinidad, sometimes via standard English, sometimes directly assimilated into TEC, and made salient through the press or street food selling.

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Winer, Lise. "Indic Lexicon in the English/Creole of Trinidad." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 79, no. 1-2 (2008): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002499.

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Examines the contemporary lexical component of the English/Creole of Trinidad (TEC) that is derived from languages of India. Author focuses on the TEC as spoken among Indo-Trinidadians, but also pays attention to Indic words used in the TEC of Afro-Trinidadians and other groups. Author sketches the history of Indian immigration into Trinidad, explaining how most came from the Bihar province in northern India and spoke Bhojpuri, rather than (closely related) Hindi, and how in the 20th c. Indian languages were replaced by English with education. She further focuses on retained Indic words incorporated in current-day TEC, and found 1844 of such words in usage. She discusses words misassigned locally as Indian-derived, but actually from other (European or African) languages. Then, she describes most of the Indo-TEC lexicon, categorizing items by their semantic-cultural domain, with major domains for Indian-derived words: religious practice, music, dance and stickfighting, food preparation, agriculture, kinship, and behaviour or appearance. Further, the author discusses to what degree Indic words have been mainstreamed within the non-Indian population of Trinidad, sometimes via standard English, sometimes directly assimilated into TEC, and made salient through the press or street food selling.

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Richards, J. F., James R. Hagen, and Edward S. Haynes. "Changing Land Use in Bihar, Punjab and Haryana, 1850–1970." Modern Asian Studies 19, no. 3 (1985): 699–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00007770.

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Undivided colonial India experienced an accelerated rate of economic change in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Official policies and funds combined with private entrepreneurial energies and investment to intensify India's linkages with the world market in trade, industry, agriculture, and natural resource extraction. Slow, but in the long term steady, population expansion accompanied this trend. After 1947, economic development accelerated under five-year plans in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, and transformed the earlier colonial economy. Population figures have similarly shot up since partition and independence. These two linked trends have accompanied steadily intensifying human intervention in the natural environment of the subcontinent over the same time. One effect, among others, has been dramatic alteration in land use and vegetation cover. Comparing Francis Buchanan's early nineteenth-century descriptions of the countryside in both north and south India with the appearance of these areas today suggests just how sweeping these changes have been. The landscape of today in virtually every Indian district is very different from that seen two hundred or even hundred years ago.

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Srikanth, Raghavachari. "Access, monitoring and intervention challenges in the provision of safe drinking water in rural Bihar, India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 1 (2013): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.033.

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This practical paper addresses the vital gap in water quality monitoring in Bihar. The study addresses an institutional weakness in the area of water quality management in rural Bihar, India. The study focuses on the role of access as a vital component in addressing water quality monitoring and interventions that has a huge impact on protecting community health in areas severely contaminated with arsenic and fluoride. The study calls for a drastic shift in the monitoring and intervention strategy to address safe water provision for rural Bihar.

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Howard, Veena. "Divine Light and Melodies Lead the Way: The Santmat Tradition of Bihar." Religions 10, no. 4 (2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10040230.

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This paper focuses on the branch of Santmat (thus far, unstudied by scholars of Indian religions), prevalent in the rural areas of Bihar, India. Santmat—literally meaning “the Path of Sants” or “Point of View of the Sants”—of Bihar represents a unique synthesis of the elements of the Vedic traditions, rural Hindu practices, and esoteric experiences, as recorded in the poetry of the medieval Sant Tradition. I characterize this tradition as “Santmat of Bihar” to differentiate it from the other branches of Santmat. The tradition has spread to all parts of India, but its highest concentration remains in Bihar. Maharishi Mehi, a twentieth-century Sant from Bihar State, identifies Santmat’s goal as śānti. Maharishi Mehi defines Śānti as the state of deep stillness, equilibrium, and the unity with the Divine. He considers those individuals sants who are established in this state. The state of sublime peace is equally available to all human beings, irrespective of gender, religion, ethnicity, or status. However, it requires a systematic path. Drawing on the writings of the texts of Sanātana Dharma, teachings of the Sants and personal experiences, Maharishi Mehi lays out a systematic path that encompasses the moral observances and detailed esoteric experiences. He also provides an in-depth description of the esoteric practices of divine light (dṛṣti yoga) and sound (surat śabda yoga) in the inner meditation. After providing a brief overview of the history and distinctive features of Santmat of Bihar, this paper will focus on the specifics and unique interpretations of the four structural principles of the tradition: Guru (spiritual teacher), dhyān (inner path of mediation), satsaṅg (spiritual discourses or congregating practitioners for meditation or study), and sadācār (moral conduct). Through a close analysis of textual sources, Sants’ oral discourses that I translated, as well as insights from my participant-observant experiences, I will examine how the four elements reorient the practitioner from the mundane world to the sacred inner experience of śānti.

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Vaishnav, Milan. "Ethnic Identifiability in India." Asian Survey 57, no. 4 (2017): 738–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2017.57.4.738.

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The ethnic politics literature assumes that one’s ethnic identity is readily identifiable. This paper evaluates how well this assumption holds in practice, drawing on a voter survey in the Indian state of Bihar. While voters often misidentify the identity of their candidate, the degree of error is small but systematic.

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Richards, Laura A., Arun Kumar, Prabhat Shankar, Aman Gaurav, Ashok Ghosh, and David A. Polya. "Distribution and Geochemical Controls of Arsenic and Uranium in Groundwater-Derived Drinking Water in Bihar, India." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (2020): 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072500.

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Chronic exposure to groundwater containing elevated concentrations of geogenic contaminants such as arsenic (As) and uranium (U) can lead to detrimental health impacts. In this study, we have undertaken a groundwater survey of representative sites across all districts of the State of Bihar, in the Middle Gangetic Plain of north-eastern India. The aim is to characterize the inorganic major and trace element aqueous geochemistry in groundwater sources widely used for drinking in Bihar, with a particular focus on the spatial distribution and associated geochemical controls on groundwater As and U. Concentrations of As and U are highly heterogeneous across Bihar, exceeding (provisional) guideline values in ~16% and 7% of samples (n = 273), respectively. The strongly inverse correlation between As and U is consistent with the contrasting redox controls on As and U mobility. High As is associated with Fe, Mn, lower Eh and is depth-dependent; in contrast, high U is associated with HCO3−, NO3− and higher Eh. The improved understanding of the distribution and geochemical controls on As and U in Bihar has important implications on remediation priorities and selection, and may contribute to informing further monitoring and/or representative characterization efforts in Bihar and elsewhere in India.

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Husain, Akhlaq, and Wajid Hasan. "Review and Updating: Anurans (Amphibia) of Bihar and Jharkhand, India, with some new records from Jehanabad (Bihar) and their role as potential biological controllers." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2021.211.

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Present review is meant to update and bring the scattered records of anuran species from Bihar and Jharkhand at one place. A total of 22 valid species (19 from Bihar and 15 from Jharkhand) have been recorded from the existing literature and present new records from Jehanabad (Bihar) are dealt herewith in detail (relevant synonyms, common names, diagnostic features, size, altitudinal records, distribution in Bihar (including new records from Jahanabad), Jharkhand, rest of India and elsewhere and conservation status of each species and their role as potential biological controllers). Variations found in some morphological characters of species studied by various workers from different locations have been recorded.

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Dahdah, Marine Al, Aalok Kumar, and Mathieu Quet. "Empty stocks and loose paper: Governing access to medicines through informality in Northern India." International Sociology 33, no. 6 (2018): 778–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580918792779.

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Based upon research in the state of Bihar, India, this article argues that informal access to medicines in Northern India is a core element of the government of healthcare. Informal providers such as unlicensed village doctors and unlicensed drug sellers play a major role in access to medicines in Bihar, in the particular context of the dismantling of public procurement services. Building on recent works in the socio-anthropology of pharmaceuticals, the article shows the importance of taking into account the political economy of drugs in India, in order to understand local problems of access more fully. If informal providers occupy such an important position in the government of healthcare in India, this is partly due to the shaping of healthcare as access to drugs on health markets. Elaborating the argument from interviews with health professionals and patients, the article first shows the situation of public healthcare and public procurement in Bihar; then it presents the role of informal medicine providers; lastly, it shows how patients deal with the fact that they live in a ‘pharmaceutical world’ where access to health equates with access to medicines.

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Kailash Chokhandre, Praveen, Ragini Itagi, and M. S. Kampli. "Identifying Hotspots of HIV Infection in India." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 13, no. 6 (2023): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230616.

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The study aims to identify the states & districts having higher HIV incidence rates. The data on HIV/AIDS in the Health Management Information System (HMIS) web portal has been used for the study. The result suggests the incidence of HIV at the Indian level was found to be 0.26 percent. At the sub-national level, Daman & Diu (2.4%) followed by Telangana (1.3%), Uttar Pradesh (0.9%), Bihar (0.6%), Gujarat (0.6%), and Andaman & Nicobar Islands (0.5%) have higher incidence rate than the national average. Subsequently, districts from several states like Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Gujarat, Bihar, Nagaland, etc., show a higher incidence rate than the national level. Particularly, Medak (17.8%) and Chhotaudepur district (10.3%) of Gujarat; Nalanda (9.7%) of Bihar; Peddapalli (6.9%) of Telangana; Etah (6.4%) and Mirzapur (5.5%) from Uttar Pradesh. The study concludes that there is a need to address the commoving and increasing trend in HIV incidence in these states as they are densely populated with poor health services and less socio-economic developed States. So, the information, education, and communications programs on HIV should be strengthened in the states having a higher number of persons with HIV. The district-level planning and monitoring of the programs may help to arrest the rising incidence in the socio-economically poor states of India before it’s too late. Key words: HIV/AIDS Incidence, HMIS, SDG

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BHUNIA, DEBIKA, DEVANSHU GUPTA, SUBHANKAR KUMAR SARKAR, and DIRK AHRENS. "A new species and new records of Sericini chafers from the Lower Gangetic Plains in India (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Sericinae)." Zootaxa 5353, no. 4 (2023): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.4.3.

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Here, we investigated the diversity of Sericini in the faunistically rather unknown Lower Gangetic plains in North India, based on material from the collection of the Zoological Survey of India. We discovered one new species from West Bengal, Maladera kolkataensis Bhunia, Gupta, Sarkar & Ahrens, and provide further records of an additional 23 species belonging to five genera from the lowlands of the states Bihar and West Bengal. Out of these, 21 species represent new state records: 12 for Bihar and nine for West Bengal. All recorded species are briefly documented by diagnostic illustrations.

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Krishna, Kamini. "BUDDHA, BIHAR AND BRONZE: A CURIOUS TRINITY IN THE AXIAL AGE." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (2020): 844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11908.

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One of the most intertwined relationships in Indian history between a region, a religion and its reverence in form of art is explored in this article. Buddha, the founder of the famous religion of Buddhism gained enlightenment in Bihar, a state in India .Perhaps unsurprisingly, hordes of bronze statues were casted, after His life time in this part of India. The article attempts to highlight the different places where these bronze artefacts were found in Bihar. The article emphasises briefly on the salient feature of Buddhas birth place and His journey from a man of prominence to an enlightened being. It also focuses on the development of bronze art and casting techniques of different bronze devices that were produced by the artists of that era. It concludes by presenting the results of chemical analysis, which was done to prove the artists own skills and experiences that was applied in order to achieve superior results for casting.

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Chanda, Areendam. "Evaluating the Kisan Credit Card Scheme: Some Results for Bihar and India." Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 19, no. 1 (2019): 68–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747919872353.

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The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was introduced in India in 1998–1999 and has since become a flagship programme providing access to short-term credit in the agricultural sector. According to the Government of India, over a 100 million cards had been issued cumulatively by March 2011. Using data from 2005–2006 to 2009–2010, the article critically examines the determinants of KCC lending across states in India and districts in Bihar. We also examine the effects of the scheme on agricultural growth and yields. Our results suggest that states with initially better access to agricultural credit show subsequently greater amounts of KCC lending. However, Bihar and other BIMARU states also show faster adoption rates that cannot be explained by their recent growth accelerations. Within Bihar, we see that districts with initially greater lending in KCC continue to pull further away from other districts, while in terms of account holders there is evidence of convergence. Finally, we do not see any evidence of KCC lending on state- or district-level agricultural productivity. JEL: Q14, Q0, O41, O47

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Bandyopadhyay, Somnath, Aviram Sharma, Satiprasad Sahoo, Kishore Dhavala, and Prabhakar Sharma. "Potential for Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) in South Bihar, India." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063502.

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Among the several options of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) techniques, the aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a well-known sub-surface technique to replenish depleted aquifers, which is contingent upon the selection of appropriate sites. This paper explores the potential of ASR for groundwater recharge in the hydrological, hydrogeological, social, and economic context of South Bihar in India. Based on the water samples from more than 137 wells and socio-economic surveys, ASR installations were piloted through seven selected entrepreneurial farmers in two villages of South Bihar. The feasibility of ASR in both hard rock and deep alluvial aquifers was demonstrated for the prominent aquifer types in the marginal alluvial plains of South Bihar and elsewhere. It was postulated through this pilot study that a successful spread of ASR in South Bihar can augment usable water resources for agriculture during the winter cropping season. More importantly, ASR can adapt to local circumstances and challenges under changing climatic conditions. The flexible and participatory approach in this pilot study also allowed the farmers to creatively engage with the design and governance aspects of the recharge pit. The entrepreneurial farmers-led model builds local accountability, creates avenues for private investments, and opens up the space for continued innovation in technology and management, while also committing to resource distributive justice and environmental sustainability.

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TEWARI, Sanjay, and Sanjana TEWARI. "SPORT PRACTICES IN BIHAR AND UTTAR PRADESH: MAKING OF “SPORTS SOCIOLOGY” IN INDIA." Monitoring of public opinion economic&social changes, no. 5 (November 10, 2018): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2018.5.20.

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States of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the focus of this investigation, is a geographical term used to describe the area of the India. This research is premised on the argument that the wealth and power exposure currently associated with sports in India, coupled with its status as one of the most coalescing features of Indian culture and society, presents it as a potentially powerful tool for development. As such, the broad aim is to explore trends and debates from the emerging ‘development through sport’ literature, as well as those from wider development theory, in the context of sports in India. This is challenging, as sports sociological studies here have yet to make a way.

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Gupta, Dr Renu. "EVALUATION OF THE STATUS OF HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BIHAR & JHARKHAND." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 08, no. 12 (2023): 3974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i12.019.

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Health infrastructure plays a crucial role to achieve the target ‘Health for All’. During the time frame of 2019 to 2021, Jharkhand has shown a greater improvement than Bihar in terms of percentage change, with a 67% rise in the total number of Primary Health Centers (PHCs). However, Bihar has a higher total number of operational PHCs, with 2034 in total. India had a 5% increase in Community Health Centers (CHCs) between 2019 and 2021, with the most significant expansion seen in Bihar, where there was an impressive 104% increase. The Scheduled Castes (SCs) of Bihar have had a significant 4% increase in population from 2019 to 2021, whereas Jharkhand has witnessed a 6% growth within the same time frame. It is essential to provide more healthcare services through public health care system in order to safeguard the well-being and survival of all individuals.

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Thakur, Meenakshi. "MITHILA- A GLOBALIZED ART FORM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 2 (2017): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i2.2017.1725.

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India has long been a focal point of art. From the traditional to the contemporary, India is fast developing itself as a key destination for those who love art. India is marked by its rich traditional heritage of Tribal/Folk Arts and Culture. Since the days of remote past, the diversified art and cultural forms generated by the tribal and rural people of India have continued to evince their creative magnificence. Apart from their outstanding brilliance from the perspective of aesthetics, the tribal/folk art and culture forms have played an instrumental role in reinforcing national integrity, crystallizing social solidarity, fortifying communal harmony, intensifying value-system and promoting the elements of humanism among the people of the country. Folk and tribal arts are relatively less exposed forms of narrative Indian art and contain within them a gamut of styles originating from various geographical regions in India. Women in the Mithila region of Bihar in north India have painted colorful auspicious images on the interior walls of their homes on the occasion of domestic rituals since at least the 14th century. This ancient tradition, especially elaborated for marriages, continues today. Madhubani painting or Mithila is a style of Indian painting, practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar state, India, and the adjoining parts of Terai in Nepal. Painting on paper for sale has changed this dramatically. Aside from generating important new family income, individual women have gained local, national, and even international recognition. Artists are being invited to exhibitions across India, and to Europe, the United States, and Japan - no longer as "folk artists," but now as "contemporary artists." Mithila's contemporary arts offer astonishingly vital -- and long overlooked -- depth and diversity, ranging from wondrous elaborations of traditional themes and styles to more experimental depictions of new, topical subject matter.

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NG, PETER K. L., HASKO F. NESEMANN, and GOPAL SHARMA. "A new freshwater species of Neorhynchoplax Sakai, 1938 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hymenosomatidae) from Patna, Bihar, India." Zootaxa 3063, no. 1 (2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3063.1.4.

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A new species of hymenosomatid freshwater crab, Neorhynchoplax Sakai, 1938, is described from Patna, Bihar, northern India. The species resembles the Indian N. woodmasoni (Alcock, 1895) and N. alcocki Kemp, 1917, but differs in the form of the carapace, armature on the cheliped merus, number of spines on the dactylus of the ambulatory legs, and structure of the male abdomen.

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Kumar, Amardeep. "Aspirations for Higher Education among Mahadalit Students and Strategies for Overcoming Urban Marginalities in India." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, no. 6 (2024): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i61405.

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This paper seeks to understand the aspirations of first-generation learners for higher education and overcoming urban marginalisation in Indian higher education. It also aims to understand how students from the most disadvantaged social group, mahadalit, overcome their marginalities in accessing and obtaining higher education. Access and equity in higher education have been important goals for Indian policymakers and planners. The study, which is qualitative in nature and uses the ethnography method, provides a deep and nuanced understanding of the aspirations for higher education and Strategies for Overcoming Urban Marginalities among the mahadalit students in Bihar, India. Various educational and equalising programs focusing on disadvantaged groups have created aspirations among first-generation and marginalised learners like Mahadalit students. These mahadalit students are also from non-urban backgrounds and come to cities for higher education. In pursuing higher education, these students face social and economic marginality in their villages, schooling, and urban marginality. They use their social networks to find space at the transformative Dr B. R. Ambedkar hostel, which helps them sustain their higher education in the city. The Dr B. R. Ambedkar hostel becomes the site of educational and career aspirations for the mahadalit students in Bihar, India.

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Misra, Richa, and Shalini Srivastava. "M-education in India: an effort to improve educational outcomes with a special emphasis on Ananya Bihar." On the Horizon 24, no. 2 (2016): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-08-2015-0058.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to undermine the role of cellular technology, government and the funding agency to deliver reliable and cost-effective health services for the people living in the bottom of pyramid and remote areas of the country where quality healthcare facilities are not available. The people living in rural Bihar (India) have a limited education and are reluctant to visit the female healthcare centers. The Ananya Bihar project has employed volunteers from the same community and aid from the foundation and government to improve the maternity and neo-natal healthcare initially in eight districts of the state. Design/methodology/approach The study reviewed various m-health projects and m-education projects with a detailing of the Anaya Bihar Project initiated by Melinda Gates foundation and Government of Bihar, India. The study uncovers technical, operational aspects and methodology followed by Ananya. It has detailed the best practices followed by the project. The study also features the capability of mobile as a tool to reach the masses in most cost effective way. Findings The use of mobile application with the association from the social worker has been tremendously successful in maternity and child healthcare in the state of Bihar, India. The application includes educating the user’s about the healthcare, training for midwives, alerts related to vaccination and thereby reducing the mortality rate and improving the maternal healthcare for the people from the bottom of pyramid. The project has created awareness among the rural families and has improved the maternity healthcare in the eight districts of Bihar, India. They were also planning to expand the project in other states of India. Research limitations/implications The study is exploratory in nature and has not involved primary data collection and statistical analysis. The study has compiled the data and information available. Practical implications The present study may be used as a reference to the organization working on mobile healthcare projects to understand the best practices of m-health project. The study also explains the role of various stakeholders (as Ananya-Bihar was a collaborative effort of Social trust, Technical experts, Network service provider, Community, State Government and the People) in the success of the project. Social implications The study explains the role of technology for the benefit of people. In the present case mobile healthcare initiated by the foundation has been very effective in dealing with maternity healthcare in rural Bihar, where people cannot afford expensive healthcare facility. The only silver lining is increasing tele-density at the most affordable rate in the globe, with funding from NGOs and full support from government. Such types of m-healthcare projects will support the government in delivering quality healthcare to the people who are living below poverty line and deprived of basic healthcare facilities. Originality/value The study details the methodology and technical details of Ananya Mobile health care platform.

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Dr Niharika Kumari. "Fostering Equity: Bihar's Journey with Gender Budgeting." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 05 (2024): 1564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0212.

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To bring Gender equity the Government of India is continuously developing many policies and programmes specifically focused on Women's empowerment. However, women in our country still face various types of differentiation in many areas like economic opportunities, political participation, health and medical facilities and education. For fostering equity, it is important that while distributing public funds the government should see what is the portion going for the well-being of the women. Here comes the main role of Gender Budgeting, which ensures fair allocation of public funds, keeping in mind women's well-being through focused interventions. Gender Budgeting was introduced in India in 2005. In the financial year 2008-09, Bihar became one of the earliest states in the country to implement gender budgeting practices. From 2008-09 to 2023-24, Bihar has seen 8 Gender budgets and implemented many policies to reduce the gender gap. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the journey of Gender Budgeting in the state of Bihar and to see its impact on Women's empowerment. By analysing the secondary data taken mainly from the Economic Survey of Bihar, different gender budget statements and reports this paper examines Gender Budget allocations in Bihar over time and tries to suggest ways to utilise the allocated funds properly to foster gender equity.

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Fatma, Nasheez, and T. K. Pan. "Checklist of Wild Edible Plants of Bihar, India." Our Nature 10, no. 1 (2013): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7785.

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Bihar covers 94,163 km2 area but lack floristic information and looking at the high rising value of food and food products, the necessity of nutritive quality and consumption of edible plants cultivated and their wild relatives exploration of different districts of Bihar have been conducted since 2008-2010. The plant species eaten may be whole plant, rhizome, tubers, stem, leaves, inflorescence, fruits, seeds, bark etc. Several times plant parts are used as staple food, while some are used at the time of scarcity like famine, drought etc. Besides, some are well known spices and condiments with good marketable value. Others are used as pickles, drinks, jams and jellies. These plants on large scale are basically identified by the tribal people and introduced in the local markets to earn economy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7785

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bihar (India)'

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