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Bhatia, Bela. "The Naxalite movement in Central Bihar." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412977.
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Jewitt, Sarah. "Agro-ecological knowledges and forest management in the Jharkhand, India : Tribal development or populist impasse?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245151.
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Sinha, Indu B. "'Escape' and 'struggle' : routes to women's liberation in Bihar." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393872.
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The new technology instilled new 'forces of production' into an agrarian setting, which was yet to undergo substantial institutional change that could have subsequently led to change the 'relations of production' as well. This setting was the countryside of the state of Bihar. While, the first process went apace since 1970s, the second remained vitiated. This led to serious conflicts between the twin processes of the 'forces of production' and the 'relations of production'. This conflict has remained one of the root causes of ongoing socioeconomic conflicts expressed in militant social movements in Bihar. In the north, the antifeudal radical mobilisation (contemporary to the technological intrusion) by the poor threatened the feudal forces and the state machinery to the extent to take up partial implementation of the land-reform laws, yet it could not sustain so strong as to significantly dislodge the feudal system and radically alter the production relations. The poor gained very little in return and in absence of a sustained struggle for getting more they were left with no option but to 'escape' from their roots for a livelihood. To them, out migration to distant labour markets emerged as the rescue point. In central Bihar, the feudal stronghold was structurally weaker. The mobilisation continued to target the weaker feudal order. The poor gained substantially and not in economic terms alone. Here, 'struggle' offered an option to survive with dignity. Amidst this conflicting interaction between the modem productive forces and the traditional production relations, there emerged two dominant actors - 'market' and 'mobilisation' in north and central Bihar regions, respectively. And, this conflicting interaction offered two distinct avenues for survival for the poor - 'escape' and 'struggle'. Women directly and/or indirectly experienced and shared this whole conflicting situation in both the regions. This study is about how powerful have these dominant 'actors', i.e. market and mobilisation acted in creating 'space' for women in north and central Bihar, respectively over last three decades. The enquiry is about how far have these twin catalysts succeeded in relaxing patriarchal constraints and in bringing about changes in traditional relationships between the genders. The exploration is about how and in what forms these changes lead towards women liberation. Women liberation is the keyhole, the focus, the viewfinder - the central theme of the thesis; Market and Mobilisation are the twin catalysts, the agents for gender-relational change. Gender relation is the framework. Structural change is the setting. North and central regions of Bihar are the sites for this research. It is encouraging that the study, in the end, speaks much more than what is assumed at the beginning. The study of market forces, as a powerful catalyst for change in gender relations, leads to argue for a feminine route to liberation in north Bihar. The emergence of a 'feminine sector of production' provides the material basis for this argument. In central Bihar, the study of mobilization, as the other catalyst, leads to argue for a 'feminisation of the strategy' of mobilisation itself. In north Bihar, 'escape' by male migrants has allowed their women to act more assertively and decisively. Though left alone and often vulnerable, this opportunity allows them discover their own strength in the process of coping with a difficult situation. This process is painful yet liberating. This is 'escape' route to women's liberation. In central Bihar, poor women (and men) resort to struggle against class and gender oppression. This struggle keeps poor women's lives on the verge of perpetual hardships of all kinds and also exposes rich women to different kind of challenges. Poor women have nothing to lose but their chains! This is 'struggle' route to women's liberation. The twin catalysts of market and moblisation are examined as the accelerators to the processes that create material conditions for women to emerge as stronger (than before) actors. The market-infused development has given way to a feminine regime of production (in food sector) vis-a-vis a masculine one (in cash sector) in north Bihar. This phenomenon provides strong basis for arguing in favour of feminisation of productive regime in food sector. In central Bihar, mobilisation has given passage to a fair degree of gender-relational changes and liberating opportunities for women thereby over last decades. This is most visible in growth of gender consciousness that not only has emerged out of the womb of class-consciousness but has also made its presence felt in the processes of shaping of the strategies and fixing up of the priorities for mobilisation. This is reflected in growing concern of the radical mobilisation with the issue of development. This indicates a shift in the strategy of the radical left politics for change, because the radical mobilisation basing on the Marxist ideology believes in overthrowing of the state power and aims at reconstituting of the society according to a radical set of principles. The particular engagement of the radical women's organisations (WOs) with the question of development and mobilisation of poor women (and men) against 'detrimental' of development, i.e. the 'Bureaucratic feudalism' may be explained as an indication towards a feminisation of the process of mobilisation itself. This study argues for an alternative feminine vision for development, which assigns central place to reproduction. This argues for a reversal of the development paradigm that assigns central place to production. This vision for development would encourage and strengthen the feminine productive regime in north Bihar. The present situation in central Bihar too is ripe for arguing in favour of strong mobilisation aimed at development in a region where movement, strategically, had no truce with development before. An alternative feminine vision can transform mobilisation into the 'input' for development. This alternative 'feminine vision' offers powerful insights for developing a distinct feminist perspective, which I term as the 'Women's Worldview' (WWV). The reflections of this feminine vision may be found in the 'feminine regime of production' in north Bihar and in the process of 'feminising of mobilisation strategy' in central Bihar. An expanded feminine vision emerging from the ground would provide conceptual basis for building up this fresh holistic, humanistic and inclusive feminist perspective. This perspective (WWV) may lead towards a 'feminine route' to human liberation. This study finally provides evidence to the main argument that women liberation has strong potential to culminate into an alternative process to human liberation.
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Anand, Prathivadi B. "Violence and urbanisation: The Kerala-Bihar paradox and beyond." University of Bradford. Department of Development and Economic Studies, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3542.
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YesAbstract: The aim of this paper is to examine the alleged association between urbanisation and violence and to take some preliminary steps towards an exploration of the role of trust in improving urban governance and thus reduce violence. In this paper, violence is interpreted broadly to include both active or direct violence but also passive and social violence in terms of lack of voice, and as a symptom of governance failure. The paper includes a cross section analysis based on data for some 123 countries and an in-depth case study of India. I will also examine what may be termed as the Kerala-Bihar paradox. Kerala is well-known for its achievements in human development and according to India human development report of 2001, Kerala is ranked 1 on human development indicators while Bihar is among the states lagging behind in terms of human development. However, state level analysis of crime suggests that Kerala is more criminalised than Bihar. In examining this paradox, some inferences are drawn on the role of trust in improving accountable governance and how this may result in reducing violent crime. Some issues for further research are identified.
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Geary, David. "Destination enlightenment : buddhism and the global bazaar in Bodh Gaya, Bihar." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16759.
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This dissertation is a historical ethnography that examines the social transformation of Bodh Gaya into a World Heritage site. On June 26, 2002, the Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya was formally inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As a place of cultural heritage and a monument of “outstanding universal value” this inclusion has reinforced the ancient significance of Bodh Gaya as the place of Buddha's enlightenment. In this dissertation, I take this recent event as a framing device for my historical and ethnographic analysis that details the varying ways in which Bodh Gaya is constructed out of a particular set of social relations. How do different groups attach meaning to Bodh Gaya's space and negotiate the multiple claims and memories embedded in place? How is Bodh Gaya socially constructed as a global site of memory and how do contests over its spatiality implicate divergent histories, narratives and events? In order to delineate the various historical and spatial meanings that place holds for different groups I examine a set of interrelated transnational processes that are the focus of this dissertation: 1) the emergence of Buddhist monasteries, temples and/or guest houses tied to international pilgrimage; 2) the role of tourism and pilgrimage as a source of economic livelihood for local residents; and 3) the role of state tourism development and urban planning. Based on my analysis of these social constituencies I argue that World Heritage sites, like the Mahabodhi Temple Complex, are important global spaces of convergence where history, memory, narratives and groups are entangled through UNESCO's universal claims. It is for these reasons that it is important to look beyond the universal abstraction and examine the ways in which spaces of global memory are laden with social and cultural meaning that is activated, reproduced and contested through a range of social practices. In this way, World Heritage is not only about the production of authoritative pasts but it is also about creating new meanings and forging new global public spheres across cultural, national and religious difference.
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Sinha, Rajiv K. "Quaternary alluvial sedimentology of the Gandak-Kosi interfan, north Bihar, India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260473.
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Witsoe, Jeffrey. "Democracy against the state : the politics of caste empowerment in Bihar." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444788.
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Grosvenor-Alsop, R. "Inter and intra household analysis in a North Bihar village : Implications for agricultural research." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383721.
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Tiwari, Lalan. "Democracy and dissent a case study of the Bihar movement, 1974-75 /." Delhi, India : Mittal Publications, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18971880.html.
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Mathew, Athakattu Santhosh. "State incapacity by design : unused grants, poverty and electoral success in Bihar." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7599/.
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This thesis offers a perspective on why majority-poor democracies might fail to pursue pro-poor policies. In particular, it discusses why in Bihar, the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) party led by Lalu Prasad Yadav, which claimed to represent the poor and under-privileged, did not claim and spend large amounts of centre–state fiscal transfers that could have reduced poverty, provided employment and benefitted core supporters. Despite this failure, the RJD and Yadav enjoyed repeated electoral success between 1990 and 2005, in a context of credible elections and a majority of poor voters. I have called this combination of events the ‘Bihar paradox'. I explore this paradox by: 1. Creating two panel data sets on fiscal transfers in the form of Centrally Sponsored Schemes and State Plan Allocations made from the Government of India to sixteen main states over an eight-year period from 1997-98 to 2004-05. 2. Using the panel data sets to show that, during this period: a) Poor states in India claimed and spent less of the centre–state fiscal transfers available to them than wealthier states b) Relative to other states, the Government of Bihar claimed and spent less fiscal transfers than expected of a state at its level of poverty. 3. Explaining how Yadav's electoral strategy contributed to this under-claiming and under-spending. For Yadav, the political imperative was to marginalize the upper castes and provide selective benefits to key supporters. This led to large numbers of public sector vacancies which eroded state administrative capacity in all but a few ‘pockets of productivity', which in turn led to poor results for general development outcomes. The Bihar story is relevant to areas of research variously labelled as ‘state-building', ‘capacity development' and ‘public sector reform'. It is another warning about how easy it is to foster pessimism by attributing governance problems in poor countries to deeply embedded historical or cultural factors, when they may have more immediate, political and tractable causes.
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Akbar, Jahangir M. (Jahangir Mohammad). "Rural-urban migration in Bihar : a case study of the Village Saurath." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77831.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-102).
This thesis undertakes both a comparative study and a logistical regression analysis on household level data from Saurath, India, to better understand the inducing factors of outmigration. A considerable body of literature related to migration already exists; however, this study contributes to the literature by providing a case study of migration in Bihar, a state that is in the process of an economic transformation. This thesis determines that migration from Saurath is occurring within the middle-class; this is an interesting finding because migrants typically come from more economically depressed groups. The departure of individuals from the middle-class indicates a shift in village life that could have profound consequences in the decades to come. Additionally, from the regression analysis: caste, local occupation, and local household income per capita, are significant inducing factors of rural-urban migration in Saurath. Any organization or individual interested in understanding the phenomena of rural-urban migration may find compelling insights from this thesis, and it is hoped that further exploration of the topic occurs in the near future. Keywords: India, Bihar, Saurath, migration, remittances, caste, economic development, logistic regression
by Jahangir M. Akbar.
M.C.P.
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Tiwary, Manish. "Ecological Institutions : joint forest management in Bihar (Jharkhand) and West Bengal, India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621423.
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González, Staffa Alvaro S. "Theoretical and empirical observations of rural credit markets in Bihar and Punjab, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68257.
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Sinha, Nitin. "Communications and patterns of circulation : trade, travel and knowledge in colonial Bihar, 1760s - 1870s." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445875.
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This thesis looks at communications (roads, railways and river transport) in late eighteenth and nineteenth century colonial India, taking the province of Bihar as a case study. The work closely analyses policies and discourses related with the introduction of new means of communication and the effects they had during the course of almost a century. One of the central arguments is that communication was integral to the ideas of mobility and circulation, which has so far been inadequately covered in the historiography. That different forms of mobility of groups like itinerant merchants and local peddlers and also long distance travel had existed in pre-colonial India is well established; what has remained scantily researched is the inter-relation between changing means of communications and diverse patterns of circulation. Largely, under transport-studies in South Asia, only the railway system has so far received a fair amount of scholarly attention: analysing its role in social and economic changes in the nineteenth century. The present work is an attempt to write a history of communication, which stands at the intersecting point of themes like mobility, circulation, trade and knowledge-production in a colonial set-up. Following the tracks of railways alone did not lead to a comprehensive appraisal of the complex nature of economic transactions and networks in which both goods and people moved throughout the period of study. The thesis comprises of six chapters, arranged thematically around the policies pursued by the colonial state in the development of communications; the 'nested' trading networks in dialogue with the changing means of communications; the effects of the emerging 'regulatory regimes' of communication on mobile communities like the Banjaras and the Gosains and the emerging notion of their 'criminality'; the different forms of travel as affected by communications in their attempt at 'writing' India and amassing knowledge; and lastly the role and place of railways in this complex web of communication and exchange. Aspects of colonial control (and the debate about the nature of colonial rule in India) necessarily provide a background for discussing these issues. The work suggests that communication was a crucial site for seeking legitimation for colonial rule, which was expressed through phrases like 'Roadless and Timeless India' and 'opening up ofthe interiors'. It was also a way of producing a social and physical space of India that then required a colonial intervention. However, if such justificatory discourses on the one hand led to an increased investment in roadbuilding they also on the other concealed a part of the past or in other words whitened out the history of mobility already existing. The notion of interior for instance, was as much constructed as was encountered. However, the extent of pervasiveness of colonial rule was variegated; the early phase was marked by its institutional limitations, and even in the later period the effects of the new grid of communication (and production of 'colonial' social space) took a longer time to mature.
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Pouchepadass, Jacques. "Croissance agricole et société dans l'Inde coloniale le district de Champaran (Bihar), 1860-1950 /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617681r.
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Pradhan, Rajesh Kumar. "Governments and the housing problem : the case of Bihar State Housing Board in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76864.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 56-57.
by Rajesh Kumar Pradhan.
M.C.P.
M.S.
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Ghosh, Jaya. "A window on the juvenile justice system in India : an observation home in Bihar." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.734442.
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This thesis explores the experiences of children in conflict with the law living in the Observation Home at Patna, the state capital of Bihar, India. The data was collected through participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in consultation with the children, and 10 interviews were undertaken with stakeholders in the system. The study concentrates on the voices of children in order to develop an understanding of their experiences within the institutional environment and of their frames of reference in relation to different stakeholders as well as their own position in terms of participation and the working of the Juvenile Justice System. Based on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Indian State is committed to implementing a child-friendly system and facilitating children’s right to participation. However, in practice we find a system where the children in conflict with the law are often labelled as 'criminals' when they come in the purview of the system and hence perceived as to deserve punishment rather than sympathy, especially if they are accused of serious offences. These children go through torture, inhumane treatment and Police brutality; the majority of them experience a lengthy trial, without sufficient legal assistance, information about the process and minimum scope for participation. Despite the elaborate international framework that exists for juvenile justice, the fact remains that there is a huge gap between the law and the real situation on the ground. The study aims to review the Juvenile Justice System, to contribute to a better understanding of the problems faced by the children in conflict with the law, and to investigate the obstacles to effective implementation with a particular focus on current practices. The state needs to go beyond just making policy-level changes based on international parameters or obligations and start to develop an effective system by bringing all the stakeholders together as a team committed to the achievement of a child- friendly system.
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Damodaran, Vinita. "Unfilled promises : popular protest, the Congress and the national movement in Bihar, 1937-46." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272730.
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Sapkota, Soma Nath. "Surface rupture of 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake : implications for seismic hazard in Nepal Himalaya." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB0012.
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Although the Main Himalayan Frontal Thrust (MHT/MFT), largest and fastest‐slipping continental megathrust, poses a major threat to the northern Indian sub‐continent, seismic hazard along it remains to be quantified. Based on historical descriptions of the two main 20th century earthquakes (1905, 1934), a consensus has emerged that neither produced surface ruptures, a view recently reinforced by paleo‐seismological investigations in which only faulting much older than 1900 was found. This leaves us with fundamental, unanswered questions (recurrence times, rupture lengths, geomorphic signature of large events), and the ominous perspective of even greater quakes with displacements in excess of 15m, potentially on par with M ≈ 9 oceanic subduction events. Knowing the precise geometry and history of earthquake ruptures along this very active fault is thus more than ever critical to assess seismic hazard in the area. To address such questions we have engaged high‐resolution geomorphic and paleo‐seismic studies of Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) in eastern Nepal. Long wavelength warping of river terraces show that late Pleistocene/Holocene deformation is well expressed across frontal folds above the thrust, which have been successfully used to determine a shortening rate on order of 2 cm/yr, but the surface trace of the MFT, where sharpest, remains the best location to document whether large earthquakes break the ground and to determine their sizes and recurrence times. Our survey of the area between the Mahara Khola and Arun/Sun Khosi valleys shows many clear outcrops with young, pristine scarps, challenging the consensus that no surface rupture took place in the 19th century. This area is also located at the centre of the region comprised entirely within the 1934 isoseismal VIII. In the valley of the Sir Khola, which crosses the northern branch of the MFT, we logged in detail a refreshed river‐cut face across the 26 m‐high cumulative thrust scarp. Newly dated charcoal samples collected in the gravel layers of an uplifted strath terrace offset by thrusts reaching the surface confirm the young age of the last event. Six distinct 14C calibrated dates indicate that the terrace was emplaced less than 250 years ago, in the 18th or early 19thcentury, and was subsequently offset by F1, with a vertical throw of ≈ 1. 5 m (≈ 3 m of slip). This same terrace is offset again by another fault at the base of the main scarp. Since no other large earthquake than the Bihar‐Nepal event was recorded locally in the 19th and 20th century, it must be concluded that the Sir Khola rivercut exposes the first unambiguous surface trace ever found of the 1934 earthquake. Similarly, a trench excavated 30 m east of the Natural river‐cut shows two events approximately 700 years apart. We thus interpret the great 1934 earthquake to be a repeat of the 1255 AD event that destroyed Kathmandu. Other charcoal ages in lower fluvial units of the footwall rapidly jump to 3000 years BP, and to older ages just below (up to 7000 yrs), nearly at the same level as that of the present river. This implies that stratigraphic section is missing, but also that there has been no significant longterm incision by the river just south of the thrust. In the Charnath Khola area, the dating of different uplifted terraces on the MFT hanging‐wall, and of one on the footwall, supports our findings at the Sirkhola and Ratu Nadi. Here, the 14‐16 m high Tintale terrace, whose age is only 1‐1. 25 kyr, appears to have been uplifted by at least two events (possibly three) with 4‐5m of vertical coseismic throw in each event since its abandonment. 14C dating of the lowest hanging‐wall terrace (≈ 4 m‐high) in Tintale creek, which was abandoned less than three centuries ago supports the existence of the 1934 rupture. Geophysical surveys including three shallow seismic profiles and Electrical Resistivity Tomographic (ERT) sections, ≈ 1. 5 km‐long each, in the Charnath, Sirkhola and Ratu Valleys, and one Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profile at Thapatol near Bardibas, add invaluable information at various depths, complementing our morpho‐tectonic interpretation of the area. In particular, the seismic profiles shot across the MFT image well the shallow part of the thrust‐plane down to ≈ 400mepth. To our knowledge, at least in Nepal, this is the first effort of this kind to study the MFT at such detailed scale in combination with paleo‐seismological trenching.
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Pouchepadass, Jacques. "Croissance agricole et societe dans l'inde coloniale : le district de champaran (bihar), 1860-1950." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070070.
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L'objet de ce travail est une investigation detaillee, a partir d'une etude de cas, de la genese historique du sous-developpement agraire au bihar (inde) au dernier siecle de l'epoque coloniale. L'approche adoptee consiste a etudier comment se developpe, dans ce milieu economique et humain concretement defini, l'interaction entre la societe hindoue de la caste, l'etat colonial et le marche, avec les consequences qui en decoulent du point de vue de la croissance. Dans le champaran, comme ailleurs au bihar, on voit apparaitre vers cette epoque des densites demographiques tres elevees. Mais cette evolution ne s'accompagne d'aucun progres significatif des techniques agricoles. L'absence de capital, et la necessite de produire d'abord pour se nourrir, empechent la plupart des paysans d'intensifier par des moyens plus performants, ou de se tourner davantage vers le marche. Cette situation met en cause la structure socio-politique locale. L'etat colonial a prive les grands zamindars du district d'une partie de leurs prerogatives seigneuriales. Mais il n'a pas modernise en profondeur les conditions sociales de la production agricole. La legislation agraire d'inspiration liberale qu'il elabore profite surtout a l'elite des paysans aises de haute caste, qui sont les mieux places pour en tirer parti. Seule cette elite dispose de surplus commercialisables, et d'un acces satisfaisant au marche cerealier. Elle jouit aussi d'une position preponderante sur le marche des facteurs de production (terre, travail, credit)The object of the present study is a detailed investigation into the historical factors of agrarian underdevelopment in a district of bihar (india) during the last century of british rule. The basic aim has been to show how caste society, the colonial state and the market interacted in the specific socio-economic set-up of north bihar to produce a distinct pattern of agricultural stagnation. The density of rural population in champaran reached very high figures during this period. But the technology of agriculture remained, with few exceptions, unchanged. Due to lack of capital, and to the imperatives of subsistence agriculture, most peasants were unable to resort to more sophisticated means of intensification, or to take better advantage of the available market opportunities. This situation was closely related to the local socio-political structure. The colonial state succeeded in divesting the bigger zamindars of some of their seignorial prerogatives. But it failed to modernize in depth the social framework of agriculture. The agrarian legislation framed by liberal minded officials benefitted mainly the well-off high-caste peasant elite, who was best placed to make efficient use of it. This village elite produced true marketable surpluses, enjoyed a satisfactory access to the grain market, and largely controlled the land, labour and credit markets
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Patel, Lisa Bennett Trude. "Medication abortion provision in Bihar and Jharkhand, India health facility level and provider level influences /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2038.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Maternal and Child Health in the School of Public Health." Discipline: Maternal and Child Health; Department/School: Public Health.
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Prakash, Amit. "The politics of development and identity in the Jharkhand region of Bihar (India), 1951-91." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28960/.
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This is a study of the process by which public policy implementation influences the crystallisation of political identities premised on ethnic, lingual, religious or other similar grounds. It argues that the failure of development policy to intervene in socio-economic conditions encourages societal groups to articulate themselves as political identities. The Jharkhand movement in south Bihar has been studied to substantiate the theoretical formulations. After briefly outlining the historical roots of the Jharkhand movement, the study locates the tribal policy of the colonial and post-colonial Indian state in the dynamics of the colonial and nationalist discourses. The thesis then focuses on the changing development profile of the Jharkhand region and correlates it to the fluctuating electoral support for Jharkhand political formations. This correlation has been studied with the help of a Modified Resource Dependence Model (Echeverri-Gent, 1993). This model argues that both the State and the societal groups control resources which are vital to the other. As the State in India controls a vast array of resources, disadvantaged societal groups articulate themselves as a self-conscious ethnic identity in order to augment their political resources and influence the policy process in their own favour. The case of Jharkhandi identity and the movement around it is one example of such articulation of a politically significant self-conscious identity in order to gain a better bargaining power. To a certain extent, it has been successful in influencing the State's response in terms of securing a development council for the area. The Jharkhandi identity, in turn, has been shaped by the response of the policy machinery to local needs and demands. This two-way interaction between the State and the Jharkhandi identity has also significantly altered the character of the identity itself. The 'politics of development and identity' thus born has been discussed and changing approaches of the various political parties towards the Jharkhandi identity and its demand for autonomy have been analysed.
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Prasad, Deborah Y. J. "A perspective on the Naxalite insurgency in Jharkhand and Bihar : going beyond the grievance argument." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55085.
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This thesis examines a form of left wing extremism called the Naxalite, or Maoist insurgency in the Eastern Indian states of Jharkhand and Bihar. Deemed the biggest internal security threat to India by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2004, this low level insurgency has been plaguing the country for over fifty years. To date, the government of India has used a two pronged security and development approach to combat the problem, but it still remains a serious issue. This thesis examines why the Naxalite movement has essentially been restricted to the geographic area referred to as the “Red Corridor”, and also examines why the insurgency has not yet been resolved. A majority of the studies approaches this issue as either a law and order problem or a development problem; however, this thesis scrutinizes the nature and motives of the insurgents themselves. The purpose of this study was to suggest the idea that the insurgents responsible for the violence of the Naxalite insurgency are more often motivated by greed of opportunity and economic gain, rather than genuine grievances. This is not to say that genuine grievances do not exist in this insurgency, rather it is merely to say that it is not a fuelling factor for violence. Lastly, this thesis examines the lack of monitoring and gaps in policy implementation for counterinsurgency, and finds that it is the lack of cognizant monitoring, rather than lack of policy, which has contributed to lack of the resolution of the conflict.Arts, Faculty of
Asian Research, Institute of
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Verma, Rajiv [Verfasser], and Regina [Akademischer Betreuer] Birner. "Governance conundrum : understanding the dynamics of petty corruption in Bihar, India / Rajiv Verma ; Betreuer: Regina Birner." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124517650/34.
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Kunnath, George Joseph. "From the mud houses of Magadh : Dalits, Naxalites and the making of a revolution in Bihar, India." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504633.
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Since its inception in the 1960s, the Naxalite movement, a Maoist inspired peasant struggle, has become a platform for Dalit militant assertions against caste and class oppression in many states of India. In Bihar, especially in Bhojpur and Magadh regions, Dalits took up arms against the upper caste landowners. In retaliation, however, the landlords formed their own private armies and the state unleashed a repressive police regime creating a climate of violence in Bihar, and especially Jehanabad district, which has led to the region becoming known as 'the killing fields'. In this thesis I examine the everyday world of Dalits - their articulations of self and community - shaped in the midst of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary violence. Focusing mainly on one village in Jehanabad district from where the Maoist movement began to spread its influence in the Magadh region, I examine the dynamic nature of Dalit response to deeply-felt structural cleavages, which involved a movement from relative quiescence to mobilization and armed resistance, and to demobilization. This study of Dalit participation in the Maoist movement engages with and builds on three key areas of anthropological debate. First, it offers a different perspective from that of conceptualizing radical movements narrowly in 'structure versus agency' terms. In drawing on Bourdieu's notion of 'social fields', my thesis makes a case for a more nuanced explanation of peasant revolutions, by integrating notions of social structure and human agency. Second, in engaging with Tarrow's concept of 'protest cycle', I examine the dynamic nature of Datit participation in the Maoist movement which involved a cycle of mobilizations and demobilizations. My works thus provides a historical sensitivity to the study of social movements. Third, drawing on my methodological closeness to the everyday Dalit world, my thesis highlights the significance of close experience and the relational nature of anthropological knowledge.
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Shukla, Devendra Kumar. "Project appraisal under risk, threat and uncertainty : a case study of the afforestation project of Bihar, India." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/project-appraisal-under-risk-threat-and-uncertainty--a-case-study-of-the-afforestation-project-of-bihar-india(09ea6192-580e-4083-9517-49f67bd535cc).html.
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In view of the Indian Government's growing commitment to forestry, a number of afforestation projects have been implemented. But most projects in developing countries do not conclude as per plan, uncertainty being a major factor. This study undertakes physical, financial, economic and social appraisal of the afforestation programme through case studies of the farm forestry (FF) and the rehabilitation of degraded forest (RDF) components and discusses the conceptual and methodological issues in appraisal of these projects under risk, threat and uncertainty. We have used three different approaches to risk appraisals in the present study. They are: the expected value of NPV through the illicit felling models; the cumulative distribution function comparisons through stochastic efficiency rules; the utility function of the project managers. Physical (logistic and Weibull models), financial and management decision (deterministic and probabilistic models) models developed in the study help in threat appraisal through quantification of physical loss, financial appraisal of its consequences and formulation of a management strategy under the threat of illicit felling. The risk analysis of the FF and the RDF component using Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate probability of return profiles and the results are compared through stochastic efficiency rules. The utility functions of the project managers are used to describe their risk attitude. The study shows that most managers are risk averse and the analysis of their utility functions supports the decreasing absolute risk aversion hypothesis. It emphasizes the need for a risk policy in the Forest Department. The economic appraisal examines the interaction of the FF and the RDF components with the economy rather than the treasury. Illicit felling is accounted for as a benefit to the economy. A 'Shadow pricing approach' is adopted for economic and social appraisals. For the social appraisal, inputs and outputs are estimated in terms of net discounted utility-weighted consumption flows. All the parameters of social and economic appraisal such as the consumption value of unit reinvestment, utility weight for incremental consumption at different consumption levels, social discount rate and economic discount rate are estimated. To study farmers' adoption behaviour, principal component analysis is used to explore significant factors and a logit model is developed after that to estimate probability of adoption. The study indicates that adoption of FF can be explained in an overall framework of evolutionary theory proposed in this study. The evolutionary theory posits that farmer tree growing can be considered as a land use strategy in response to both changing macro and micro factors, many of which relate to characteristics of the farmers, their resource endowments etc. It is concluded that success of projects can be assessed by taking account of the factors influencing the variability in the project outcome and understanding the whole process of people's interaction and participation in the project.
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Priyam, Manisha. "Aligning opportunities and interests : the politics of educational reform in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Bihar." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/389/.
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This thesis investigates the role of politics in implementing educational reform in India during the period 1994 to 2011. Much of the recent research on politics and educational reform has been dominated by the analytical framework of formal political economy, but this framework has not been able to explain how reforms are successfully adopted. Also, the main focus has been on the negative role of politics, controlled by powerful interest groups and biased institutions, in constraining changes likely to benefit poor people. I focus instead on understanding the political dynamics in cases of success. In particular, why do political leaders and public officials support educational reform even though this does not suit their political calculations, and is likely to encounter resistance from teacher unions and educational bureaucracies? To understand these dynamics, I use the framework of comparative institutionalism, and examine the contested interaction of ideas, interests, and institutions, leading to success or failure. To analyse the process of reform implementation, I have selected two Indian states—Andhra Pradesh and Bihar. Both were educationally backward at the beginning of the 1990s and were confronted with a common agenda for reform established by the federal government. However, they pursued divergent trajectories over the next decade, with the former state achieving higher levels and reduced disparities in primary school participation. I compare the political dynamics in three important arenas: the management of teacher interests and their unions, educational decentralisation, and the daily interactions between poor households, schools, and the local state. I find that political strategies are important in determining variations in outcomes. In Andhra Pradesh, the political leadership found an alignment between the new opportunities provided by the federal government and its own agenda for development; it created new allies for change by reducing discretion in teacher policies, playing on interunion rivalries, and creating a local cadre of party loyalists. However, a wider agenda of development was missing in Bihar, and even successfully designed school decentralisation policies could not be implemented due to weak support from political leaders, and because of local elite capture. In both the states, however, the interaction of the poor with schools and the local state was a process of struggle, indicative of the challenges that lie ahead.
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KATO, Mariko. "THE ROLE OF MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES IN A GROWING ECONOMY: PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL CLASSES IN RURAL INDIA AND BIHAR." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16672.
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Robin, Cyril. "Du rôle de la caste en politique : la représentation des Other Backward Classes sur la scène politique de l'Etat du Bihar, 1952-2005." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0051.
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En Inde, principalement à partir des premières élections tenues au suffrage universel en 1951, la suprématie des hautes castes sur le parti dominant, le parti du Congrès, a largement contribué au maintien en marge du processus de décision des élus issus d’autres groupes et catégories de la société indienne. L’objectif de cette étude est alors de décrire et d’analyser les ressorts de la représentation politique aussi bien symbolique, descriptive que substantive des élus appartenant à la catégorie des Other Backward Classes (« autres classes défavorisées », OBC), catégorie située entre les deux pôles de l’espace social indien : la catégorie des Scheduled Castes (« castes répertoriées », ex intouchables, SC) et la catégorie des hautes castes qui peut être définie par son exclusion des bénéfices de la politique compensatoire. L’examen des élections régionales qui se sont tenues entre 1952 et 2005 à l’Assemblée législative du Bihar permet de suivre l’évolution des rapports de force entre les différents groupes d’élus et de s’interroger sur le lien entre représentation et démocratisation. Une première fois après les élections de 1967, puis une deuxième fois en 1977, des membres de la catégorie OBC vont être élus au poste de chef du gouvernement du Bihar. Toutefois, ce n’est qu’après les élections de 1990 qu’un changement plus radical se produit avec, pour la première fois dans un Etat du nord de l’Inde, un nombre d’élus de hautes castes inférieur à celui des élus OBC. Depuis, la scène politique du Bihar est largement dominée par les OBC dont la présence au pouvoir a révélé des intérêts divergents croissantsIn India, mainly from the first general elections held in 1951 by universal suffrage, the domination of upper castes over the main political party, the Indian National Congress, largely contributed to the marginalization from the decision making process of MLAs belonging to other sections of the Indian society. The objective of this study is therefore to describe and analyse the motivations - symbolic, descriptive as well as substantive - of elected members belonging to Other Backward Classes (OBC). The OBC category is placed between the two extremities in Indian society, namely the Scheduled Castes (SC), earlier treated as untouchable, and the upper castes who were not entitled to the advantages of compensatory politics. A study of the elections to the Bihar Legislative Assembly held between 1952 and 2005 allows us to follow the changes in the balance of power between elected representatives belonging to different castes and question the relationship between representation and the spread of democracy. For the first time after the 1967 elections and for the second time in 1977, OBC members were elected Chief Ministers of Bihar. However, it was only after the 1990 elections that a more radical change took place when, for the first time, there were fewer elected representatives from the upper castes than from the OBC in a North Indian state. Since then, politics Bihar has been mainly dominated by OBCs whose presence at the helm of affairs has increasingly brought to light their divergent interests
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KATO, Mariko. "The Role of Migration and Remittances for the Poor in Growing India : Perspectives on Social Classes in Rural Bihar." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17303.
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Shinde, S. "Effectiveness of SEHER, a school-based intervention to promote health in adolescents in Bihar, India : a clustered randomised trial." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2018. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646637/.
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Background: With rapid extensions to education in many emerging market economies, secondary schools have the potential to be an important platform for health promotion and prevention. A ‘health promoting school’ approach has become an increasingly popular framework internationally with which to address the health needs of school communities. A growing evidence base indicates that, if applied successfully, a health promoting school framework can lead to improvements in both health and educational outcomes. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a whole-school health promotion intervention (Mitra, meaning a friend) in Bihar, India. Two intervention delivery models using a lay school counsellor (the SEHER Mitra (SM) arm) or a teacher (Teacher as SM (TSM) arm), were compared against the standard Adolescent Health Education Program, in 74 government-run secondary schools in Bihar, India. All grade IX students were assessed at the start and end of the academic year (i.e. June 2015-March 2016; 8 months apart). The primary outcome was school climate, (the perceived ethos or atmosphere of the school) measured with the Beyond Blue School Climate Questionnaire (BBSCQ). Secondary outcomes included self-reported bullying, violence, depressive symptoms, attitudes towards gender equity, and knowledge of reproductive and sexual health. A qualitative study was nested in the trial to evaluate the reasons why the difference in the delivery agents may have yielded different results for the two arms when compared with the control. For this study, data were collected through one on one interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using Framework Analysis. Findings: The baseline survey was conducted in July 2015, and included 13,035 participants (SM: 4524; TSM: 4046; control: 4465; 52.5% boys). The endpoint survey included 14,414 participants (SM: 5316; TSM: 4475; control: 4623; 52.9% boys). School climate scores were similar by arm at baseline, but schools receiving the SM-delivered intervention had significantly larger gains in school climate scores at endpoint (mean BBSCQ=24.13) compared with those receiving the TSM-delivered intervention (mean BBSCQ= 17.16; adjusted mean difference (aMD)=7.91, 95%CI:6.34, 9.47; effect size (ES)=1.98 95%CI:1.93, 2.03) or the control intervention (mean BBSCQ=17.75; aMD=7.44, 95%CI:5.88, 8.99; ES=1.86 95%CI:1.81,1.91). School climate scores were similar in the TSM and control arms at the study endpoint (aMD=-0.47, 95%CI:-2.03, 1.08; ES=-0.12 95%CI:-0.17,-0.07). Schools with the SM-delivered intervention showed significant improvements in all secondary outcomes compared with both the TSM and control arms. From the qualitative sub-study, a number of fundamental implementation factors were identified as not being sufficiently well developed to facilitate the effective implementation of the SEHER in the TSM arm relative to SM arm. These included: a lack of a shared understanding of the SEHER amongst all key stakeholders; reluctance of principals to be the leader of the programme implementation in schools; poorly developed forms of collaboration within school; and the lack of a properly functioning School Health Promotion Committee; and overburdened TSMs with academic and non-academic responsibilities. Conclusions: The multicomponent whole-school health promotion intervention had major beneficial effects on school climate and related outcomes when it was delivered by lay school counsellors, but no consistent effects when delivered by teachers compared with the standard Government program.
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Jha, Tanushree Sandilya. "Communication for Development in “Mithilanchal”." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22797.
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ABSTRACT “There are many ways of conceptualizing development, ways that foreground economics, politics, culture, or a combination, and within each of those realms, ways that emphasize processes or structures or both and their relationships. Further, in some perspectives development is geographically inclusive, whereas in others the focus is the so-called Third World or developing countries and their aid needs”. (Wilkins, 2000, p.7) Considering the term ‘development’ in above quote, this thesis focuses on poverty and under-development prevailing in Mithilanchal region in India, the caste system which divides the society and its direct and indirect consequences. India, whether called a Third World country or a developing country, the difference between the developed and deprived regions can be well spotted and the aim of this thesis is to track how communication and other media tools have been helpful in development of society so far and then analyse how similar development can lead to more liveable society.The division of Mithilanchal region between the Elite and Mass led to control of Media by the powerful Elites. The flow of information was more diffusive (one-way / top to bottom) than participatory (both way) and with new media and ICT making its place globally, awareness increased along with the participation of people from different strata of society.This thesis explores on how instrumental media has been in enlightening the society over the period of time, what impact media and its various forms have had in everyday life of commoners and how people living in deprivation look up to the media for it to be more available and accessible.With the help of qualitative interviews and questionnaire surveys conducted in the region, the thesis concludes that people have had the benefit of media’s presence since long. Traditional - Communication media did leave impact on people’s lives and even today, those who live in these regions are looking forward to more economic, political and social development with the help of new media and ICT. The various positive transformations in unequal social structure brought out with help of communication is aimed to be discussed by the end of the thesis.
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Trivedi, S. N. "Utility-based social shadow pricing and its comparison with other evaluation techniques : A cost-benefit study of fuelwood plantations in Bihar, India." Thesis, Bangor University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384107.
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Chandrasekhar, Chaya. "Pāla-Period Buddha Images: their hands, hand gestures, and hand-held attributes." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092830047.
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Zarhani, Seyedhossein [Verfasser], and Subrata K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mitra. "Dynamics of Governance and Development in India A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar after 1990 / Seyedhossein Zarhani ; Betreuer: Subrata K. Mitra." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180617487/34.
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John, Aparna. "Understanding the factors that influence the performance of India's community nutrition workers : Anganwadi workers of the integrated child development services scheme in Bihar." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/77538/.
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Candau, Marie-Amélie. "Politique de gestion des inondations et (re)productions d'inégalités socio-spatiales dans la plaine de la Koshi : Téraï oriental népalais et Bihar indien septentrional." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100178.
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Les inondations ont toujours représenté un défi aux sociétés humaines qui s’y sont plus ou moins bien adaptées. Le piémont méridional himalayen est certainement le lieu du défi le plus important posé à l’homme en raison de la puissance et l’irrégularité des débits, de la force de cette eau chargée de sédiments, de l’imprévisibilité des variations du fait de pluies de mousson erratiques, de l’instabilité des cours d’eau due à la rupture brutale de pente et de gradient hydraulique lorsque les rivières atteignent la plaine gangétique, mais aussi de la forte densité de population (plus de 500 hab./km²). L’aménagement de ces rivières, longtemps délaissé en raison de ces facteurs, est devenu l’obsession des états modernes de l’Inde et du Népal qui développent cette plaine, respectivement dans le Nord-Bihar et au Téraï, au potentiel socio-économique important, voire fondamental pour le Népal. Cet aménagement a pour but de maintenir les flux capricieux entre des digues, de répartir l’eau dans des canaux à l’aide de barrages d’écrêtage. Cependant, les résultats escomptés ne sont pas au rendez-vous. Les inondations se sont multipliées, devenant plus fréquentes et souvent plus longues à se résorber ; les superficies exposées se sont étendues, et surtout les causes se sont diversifiées, démontrant très clairement l’inadaptation des aménagements au but recherché. Cette inadaptation a pour conséquence des accidents de plus en plus nombreux, fréquents et destructeurs, à l’image de la spectaculaire catastrophe de 2008, encore vive dans les mémoires dix ans plus tard. L’analyse sur le terrain, sur 6 sites localisés entre les digues comme à proximité d’affluents de la puissante Koshi, confirment très largement ce constat, alourdi par l’étude de villages népalais et indiens dévastés en 2008. Les conséquences humaines sont dramatiques. La paupérisation des classes populaires est impressionnante, avec une augmentation incontrôlable du nombre de familles sans terre, vivant dans de terribles conditions de dénuement, sans soins, sans école, tandis qu’à côté la puissance des classes aisées ne cesse de croître. L’étude des circuits de décision et de distribution fait apparaître une organisation sociale à fondement « semi-féodal », où les héritiers des anciens zamindars sont restés de puissants propriétaires terriens qui orientent le choix des aménagements afin de protéger leurs terres, aux dépens des plus pauvres. Ainsi s’établit un mécanisme de passe-droit et de détournement des richesses, avec l’aide d’un pouvoir politique largement corrompu et clientéliste, qui atteint tous les centres de décision, de l’élu à l’ingénieur, de l’entrepreneur à l’ONG, et qui est désormais gangréné par les réseaux mafieux. La déliquescence du pouvoir central ou régional est tellement évidente que l’insécurité gagne l’ensemble du territoire, s’ajoutant à la vulnérabilité forte face au risque d’inondation qui stérilise de plus en plus de surfaces agricoles et menace des populations de plus en plus nombreusesFloods have always been a challenge to human societies whether they are well adapted to them or not. The southern Himalayan foothills are certainly the greatest challenge to humans due to a combination of factors such as the force and irregularities of flows, the strength of this sediment-laden water, the unpredictability of variations due to erratic monsoon rains, the instability of the riverpath due to the sudden rupture of slope and the high hydraulic gradient of the rivers when entering the gangetic plain, and also the relatively high density of the population (over 500 inhabitants/km²).The planning development of these rivers, long neglected due to the unique combination of these factors, has become the obsession of the modern nations of India and Nepal which develop this plain, respectively in North Bihar and Tarai, with significant socio-economic potential, even fundamental for Nepal. The aim of such development is to keep the capricious flows of these rivers within dikes and to divert water into irrigation canals with the help of a barrage. However, the expected results are not at the rendezvous. Flooding in recent times has increased in both frequency and duration; the areas exposed have expanded, and above all the causes have diversified, which clearly indicates the failure of current management strategies. Consequently, the loss of life and property has continued to increase, culminating in the 2008 catastrophe which resulted in over thirty thousand deaths and massive damage to property and livestock. The fieldwork confirms this observation very largely. It focuses on six villages located between dikes, or close to tributaries of the Koshi river, or along the devastating Koshi path of 2008 both in Nepal and India. The human consequences have been dramatic. The impoverishment of much of the working class, mostly peasant population, is impressive, with an uncontrollable increase in the number of landless families living in terrible conditions of destitution, without care, without schools while at the same time the power of the wealthy classes have continued to thrive. The study of the decision-making and distribution circuits reveals a semi-feudal social system, controlled by the heirs of the former "zamindars" who have remained powerful landowners and influence all management decisions to protect their property, often at the expense of the poor. Thus, a mechanism of privilege and misappropriation of wealth is established, with the help of a largely corrupt and clientelist political power of all levels of decision making, from the elected representative to the engineer, from the entrepreneur to the NGO, and in which mafia networks are now involved. The decline of central or regional power is so obvious that insecurity is spreading throughout the region, in addition to the high vulnerability in the face of serious floods that are destroying and sterilizing more and more agricultural lands, and thus threatening more and more people
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Paquet-Becker, Cécile. "Recherches sur les stèles bouddhiques Pala-Sena : pour une nouvelle approche des modes d'affirmation d'un imaginaire tantrique dans l'art du Bihar et du Bengale (VIIIè -XIIè siècle)." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040036.
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Cette étude se propose d'engager une réflexion sur le sens et les choix de l'iconographie des stèles Pala-Sena, d'éclairer ce qu'ils révélèrent de l'identité des grandes figures sacrées et les modes d'affirmation du bouddhisme tantrique. Elle montre dans un premier temps que la présence des grands sites de pèlerinages, l'accueil des pèlerins et des étudiants étrangers et la vigueur des université firent du Bihar et du Bengale des terres de tradition, d'échange et d'approfondissements doctrinaux. Le tantrisme s'y affirma comme un effort de création et de synthèse philosophique, symbolique et liturgique revendiquant sa filiation au Mahayana. La deuxième partie de ce travail propose un nouvel éclairage sur huit grands motifs symboliques présents dans l'iconographie Pala-Sena. Ils révèlent toute l'autonomie de l'imaginaire bouddhique face à son imposant frère brahmanique. La troisième partie propose une lecture renouvelée des grandes personnalités du panthéon tardif et permet de déterminer les critères permettant de parler de l'art Pala-Sena comme d'un art tantriqueAs new informations allow us to have a new approach on Pala-Sena history and religion, this study undertakes to highlight options and meanings of Pala-Sena slab stone sculptures' iconography. The first part of this work reveals the richness of the Indian Pala-Sena religious universe. Bihar and Bengal were places of tradition, intellectual meetings and religious developments. Tantrism was systematised and spread from there as a creative philosophical ritual and symbolical movement which fully claimed its relation with Mahayana. The second part of this study emphasizes the specificities of the Indian Buddhist "mythology", and proposes a new interpretation of eight important symbolic themes of Pala-Sena 's iconography. At least, we propose a new interpretation of the major sacred beings of the late Indian Buddhist pantheon. It reveals the new power of the fivefold manifestation and the decline of Maitreya. It was thus possible to define the elements able to reveal the Tantric identity of the Pala-Sena art
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Amorim, Eden Santana Campos. "Bilhar de Poncelet." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/EABA-76XU4Q.
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In Applications dAnalyse et de G´eom´etrie, 1862, Poncelet presents a work about pairs of conics holding an inscribe polygon at one and simultanealy circunscribe at another. He proves that when there exists a polygon satisfying this property,then there exist infinitely many polygons with the same number of edges satisfying its too. In this work we are interested to study the varieties of pairs of conics related by polygons, particularly triangles. We construct a fibration over a space of configurationsof degenerate triangles and we use it to recover the bidegree of the variety of pairs of conics related by triangles employing techniques of intersection theory.Em Applications dAnalyse et de Géométrie, de 1862, Poncelet presenta um estudo sobre pares de cônicas que possuem um polígono inscrito em uma e ao mesmo tempo circunscrito à outra. Ele demonstra que, quando existe um polígono satisfazendo essa propriedade, na verdade há uma infinidade de polígonos com o mesmo número de lados que também a satisfazem. Neste trabalho estaremos nteressados em estudar as variedades dos pares de cônicas relacionadas por polígonos, mais particularmente triângulos. Daremos uma construção detalhada de uma certa fibração sobre um espaço de configurações de triângulos degenerados que utilizaremos para recuperar o bigrau da variedade de pares de cônicas relacionadas por triângulos empregando técnicas de teoria da interseção.
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Ghadban, Zahra, and Dennis Massoumnataj. "Trafiksäkerheten med autonoma bilar : Faktorer som kan påverka trafikanters uppfattning kring säkerheten med autonoma bilar." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för informatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16581.
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Autonoma bilar är ett utav de mest efterlängtade teknologierna som hastigt utvecklas i världen idag. De autonoma bilarna har redan tillämpats på vägarna idag och kommer med stor sannolikhet att fortsätta tillämpas i framtiden med de fördelar som de tillför. Men trots alla fördelar så kan samhället fortfarande känna sig osäkert på ifall det faktiskt kan förlita sig på fullt autonoma bilar. Det gäller att människorna känner sig säkra både när de sitter i bilen och när de befinner sig i den omgivande trafiken. Studien undersöker ifall kön, ålder, tillit och vetskap har en påverkan i hur människor i det svenska samhället uppfattar säkerheten med autonoma bilar i trafiken. En kvantitativ forskningsmetod i form av ett webbaserat frågeformulär användes för att samla in data. Frågeformuläret besvarades av totalt 265 respondenter mellan åldrarna 18-50+ där 121 var män och 144 var kvinnor. Den data som samlades in analyserades sedan genom den statistiska plattformen SPSS Software. Studien rapporterade att inget samband kunde påvisas mellan kön och säkerhetsuppfattningen utav autonoma bilar och likaså för faktorn ålder. Däremot upptäcktes ett samband för både faktorerna tillit och vetskap.Autonomous cars are one of the most anticipated technologies that are rapidly evolving in the world today. The autonomous cars have already been applied on the roads today and will most likely continue to be applied in the future with the benefits they bring. But despite all the benefits, the society can still feel insecure about whether it can actually rely on fully autonomous cars. It is important that people feel safe both when they are in the car and when they are in the surrounding traffic. The study examines whether gender, age, trust and awareness have an impact on how people in the Swedish society perceive the safety of autonomous cars in the traffic. A quantitative research method in the form of a web-based questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was answered by a total of 265 respondents between the ages of 18-50+ of which 121 were men and 144 were women. The data collected was then analyzed through the statistical platform SPSS Software. The study reported that no association could be indicated between gender and the safety perception of autonomous cars and also for the factor age. However, a correlation was discovered for both factors trust and awareness.
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Normark, Carl Jörgen. "Towards optimized instrument panels /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2009. http://pure.ltu.se/ws/fbspretrieve/2740281.
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Göransson, Daniel, and Jerry Haaga. "Framtagning av en mobilhållare för bilar." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för maskinteknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8317.
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Syftet med det här examensarbetet har varit att utveckla och utforma en mobilhållare för bilar. En mobilhållare kan ha många funktioner, och med dagens lag om att kommunikationsutrustning inte får störa vid framförande av fordon får den en extra viktig roll. Hållaren har utvecklats för att möjliggöra enkel användning genom en kombination av flera användarvänliga funktioner. Några exempel på funktioner är enkel montering och demontering av mobiltelefon, automatisk sammankoppling med bil samt trådlös laddning. Genom en strukturerad produktutvecklingsprocess, där beprövade metoder har använts för att identifiera krav, generera koncept och välja koncept, har ett antal koncept skapats som slutligen sållats ut till en slutlig vinnare. Exempel på använda metoder och verktyg är intervjuer och House of Quality för kravidentifiering, TRIZ Effects Database och Merlin för konceptgenerering samt Concept screening och Concept scoring för konceptval. Det valda konceptet har därefter genomgått nödvändigt konstruktionsarbete för att skapaCAD-modeller, utföra FE-analyser samt 3D-printa en prototyp. Det slutliga konceptet uppfyller kravet om enkel användning genom bland annat enkel enhands montering och demontering av mobiltelefon. Lösningen fungerar även med en stor variation av mobiltelefoner utan behov av att göra inställningar. Konceptet är utformat och förberett för att i framtida arbete integrera olika trådlösa tekniker såsom NFC och Qiladdning. Vidare arbete krävs bland annat gällande konstruktionens hållfasthet, materialval och uppfyllande av lagkrav.The objective of this thesis has been to develop and design a mobile phone holder for cars. A mobile phone holder can fulfil many purposes, and with the legislation today stating that communication equipment should not interfere when driving a vehicle, this type of product becomes extra important. The holder has been developed to enable simple use through acombination of user friendly functions. A few examples of functions are; easy mounting and demounting of mobile phone, automatic connection to car and wireless charging. Through a structured product development process, where tested methods have been used to identify requirements, generate concepts and choosing concept, an amount of concepts have been created and finally narrowed down to one final winner. Examples of methods and tools that has been used is interviews and House of Quality for identifying requirements, TRIZ Effects Database and Merlin for generating concepts and finally Concept screening and Concept scoring for the selection. The chosen concept has thereafter gone through necessary construction work for creating CAD-models, performing FE-analysis and 3D-printing a prototype. The final concept meets the requirement of easy use through simple one-hand mounting and demounting of mobile phone. The solution also works with a wide variety of mobilephones without the need to make adjustments. The concept is designed and prepared for integrating techniques such as NFC and Qi-charging in future work. More work needs to be done regarding the constructions strength, choice of material and fulfilling of laws before proceeding any further.
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Maparzadeh, Milad, and Elias Eyobed Geda. "Acceptans av Självkörande bilar : Faktorer som bidrar till att studenter i en ort i Västsverige accepterar självkörande bilar." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15265.
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The main purpose of the study was to analyze whether age, gender and integrity affect the acceptance of self-driving cars. The theoretical framework TAM (Technology AcceptanceModel) is used as a starting point for acceptance where we set our variables against Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use that are the main variables in the model. A quantitative method has been applied and a survey was used for data collection. The survey was sent to 140 students. The response rate was 82 % involving a total of 116 respondents, of which 60 were women and 53 were men, where age ranged between 18-60 years old. The results of a T-test showed that there was a correlation between gender and acceptance of self-driving cars. The remaining variables could not be linked to acceptance in our study. The conclusion that we could make from this study was that there was a correlation between gender and acceptance of self-driving cars based on the cognitive mindset that is separated between the sexes.Det huvudsakliga syftet med studien var att analysera ifall ålder, kön och integritet påverkar acceptans av självkörande bilar. Det teoretiska ramverket TAM (Technology AcceptanceModel) används som utgångspunkt för acceptans där vi ställde våra variabler gentemot den Uppfattade Användbarheten och den Uppfattade Användarvänligheten som är huvudvariableri modellen. En kvantitativ metod har använts och där ett frågeformulär skickades till 140 studenter. Svarsfrekvensen låg på 82% där totalt 116 respondenter, varav 60 kvinnor och 53 män i åldrarna mellan 18–60. Resultatet från ett T-test visade att det fanns samband mellan kön och acceptans av självkörande bilar. Resterande variabler kunde inte kopplas till acceptans i studien. Slutsatsen vi kunde dra utifrån denna studie var att det fanns ett samband mellan kön och acceptans av självkörande bilar, baserat på det kognitiva tankesättet som skiljs åt mellan könen.
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Adevåg, Fredrik, Amir Mujakic, and Kodia Temo. "Kartläggning och effektivisering av bilar inom äldreomsorg." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19429.
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Detta examensarbete gjordes på uppdrag av Norrbys kommundel som är en del av Borås. Syftet med arbetet var att kartlägga och analysera äldreomsorgens nyttjande av bilarna som de förfogar över samt undersöka om det finns ett behov av att effektivisera organisationen och användandet av bilarna och även hur detta skall gå till. För att genomföra detta uppdrag och få en teoretisk grund att stå på har lämplig litteratur och olika metoder för informationsinsamling studerats. Ett flertal intervjuer med handledaren samt ett möte med alla enhetschefer inom äldreomsorgen har genomförts för att få ingående information om verksamheten. Norrby kommundel som omfattar ett flertal stadsdelar i västra Borås däribland de utanförliggande delarna Byttorp, Tullen, Hestra, Ekås och Viared har sitt huvudkontor i stadsdelen Norrby som ligger i västra delen av Borås centralort. Logistik har varierande syften beroende på företag och vilken bransch de befinner sig i. Ett av syftena kan vara att förbättra effektiviteten i verksamheten och därmed att i slutändan åstadkomma en positiv resultatpåverkan. Genom förändringar i den organisatoriska strukturen, i det fysiska varuflödet samt genom bättre planerings- och styrsystem kan effektiviteten i logistikprocessen förbättras. Effektivitet kan utryckas med hjälp av olika effektivitetsvariabler. För att få en verksamhetsriktning som stämmer överens med företagets övergripande strategi och mål kan man uttrycka dessa i termer av effektivitetsvariabler samt mäta och följa upp dem. Minskning av det totala transportbehovet kan ske med bra transportplanering genom bra utnyttjande och ett effektivt användande av transportresurserna. För att genomföra planeringen måste det först och främst bestämmas hur nätverket av anläggningar och kunder ska se ut och hur tjänsterna ska flöda mellan dem. Nätverksplanering är en bestämning av geografisk placering och kapacitet i anläggningar, till exempel från vilken anläggning sjuksköterskor skall åka ifrån, mellan vilka områden de skall färdas och var de vilar efter besöken. Ett av målen med detta kan vara att försöka minimera de totala logistikkostnaderna samtidigt som leveransservicen ska öka. För att uppnå effektivisering krävs det en ständig förbättringsprocess. Denna process innebär förändringar av verksamheten vilka kan uppfattas som extra arbete, stora omställningar och extra kostnader. Som anställd känner man sig trygg i den nuvarande kretsen och kan uppfatta förändringar som något negativt. Det kan bero på att man koncentrerar sig på ett kortsiktigt perspektiv och inte ser en helhetsbild på längre sikt. För att motverka denna inställning bör de anställda informeras för att de ska få en bättre klarhet över vad meningen är med förändringarna. Det har visat sig att Norrby kommundel har brister i kommunikation och planering av verksamheten vilket leder till ineffektivitet. För att åtgärda detta krävs det kontroll över enheternas bilar samt även koordination mellan enheterna. Dessa arbetsuppgifter kan fördelas på enhetscheferna som träffas regelbundet för samordning eller så läggs ansvaret på en enskild person inom kommundelen.
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Gustafson, Felicia. "Dockor, bilar och rutschkanor : Leksakers genusbetydelse i bilderböcker." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-14540.
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This essay will focus on the significance of gender in toys´ portrayed in children books for the age 3-5years. The aim for the essay, partly, is to highlight how gender stereotypes can come forth and affect children through the way toys are illustrated within children’s books. The essay will address books from two different time periods, the first period being the 40-50- 60's and the other being the 00´s. The questions to be addressed in this essay is; what type of toys’ children play with in the books used in the analysis, and if a change can be detected between the different time periods in terms of gender awareness in what type of toys are presented in the books. The main method used in this essay is an iconological image analysis in which the first step is mapping, other methods used is analysis and interpretation. Four books have been analyzed from each time period compared, the comparison are done both time period to time period and within each time period, mainly using gender theory from Davis and Hirdman. Prominent concepts used in this essay is the once of socialization and segregation and that the modern view of gender is as something we create and instead of something entirely biological. In the essay the toys’ are divided into three categories; toys for girls, toys for boys and gender neutral toys, where boy-toys and girl-toys are categorized as gender-stereotyped toys. In the books from the older time period the gender-stereotyped toys were the most frequent and few books were transgender (boys playing with girl toys´ and girls with boy toys´). However, one of the older books stood out, showing gender neutral toys and even containing a picture indicating transgender child’s play. In the books from the 00s, however, most of the toys were neutral. In these books there were also direct transgender pictures. To prevent the children from creating a more gender-stereotypical image of society it is important to consider that the toys’ that appear in children's books can influence children's views of gender. The books, in which the gender neutral toys’ are the most prominent, is the least prone to invite children to segregate and create basic differences between the sexes.
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Ryding, Erik, and Erik Öhlund. "Lane Keeping Aid : ett förarstödjande system för bilar." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1357.
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Many traffic incidents are due to the driver’s lack of attention, resulting in dangerous lane departures, either sliding off theroad or into the oppose lane. These kinds of incidents often have serious outcomes, which has led to much effort being concentrated on preventing or lessening the damages when the incident is already a fact, for example by installing safety belts and air bags. These measures may be considered to be acts of so-called passive safety.
Active safety on the other hand, means that the safety systems intervene before the incidents have occurred. Lane Keeping Aid (LKA), which has been developed and implemented in this master thesis project, is a system designed to support the driver in the lateral axis in situations when unwanted lane departure is an evident risk.
To be able to determine when the system should intervene and support the driver, information regarding how the driver handles the vehicle, along with the vehicle’s position and direction in the lane, is essential. The car’s position may be obtained by installing a camera in the vehicle. The information needed regarding other things, e.g. the car’s position in relation to the lane, is obtained by using a Kalmanfilter, which is based on a physically developed model, and which estimates the mentioned distances. Based on measurements and estimated values, it is possible for the LKA system to calculate an assistance torque, aimed at decreasing the lateral deviation from the centre of the lane. An electric power steering, instead of a conventional hydraulic steering servo is then used to produce the torque.
The LKA system has been developed in a simulation environment using Simulink before being implemented, in order to monitor the function of the system before beginning actual testdrives. Furthermore, real measurement data given at driving with the test vehicle has been used to adjust and test the function.
The results from the project’s first phase, in the simulation environment, show that the estimated values from the Kalmanfilter correlates well with real test data. Simulations with real measurement data show that the system functions as intended.
Finally, it may also be mentioned, that the system has yet not been fully tested in a vehicle equipped with an electric power steering, which ought to be included in future development of the system.
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Strand, Karin. "Känsliga bitar : text- och kontextstudier i sentimental populärsång /." Skellefteå : Ord & visor, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-87.
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Lindespång, Victor. "Bildklassificering av bilar med hjälp av deep learning." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-58361.
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Den här rapporten beskriver hur en bildklassificerare skapades med förmågan att via en given bild på en bil avgöra vilken bilmodell bilen är av. Klassificeringsmodellen utvecklades med hjälp av bilder som företaget CAB sparat i samband med försäkringsärenden som behandlats via deras nuvarande produkter. Inledningsvis i rapporten så beskrivs teori för maskininlärning och djupinlärning på engrundläggande nivå för att leda in läsaren på ämnesområdet som rör rapporten, och fortsätter sedan med problemspecifika metoder som var till nytta för det aktuella problemet. Rapporten tar upp metoder för hur datan bearbetats i förväg, hur träningsprocessen gick till med de valda verktygen samt diskussion kring resultatet och vad som påverkade det – med kommentarer om vad som kan göras i framtiden för att förbättra slutprodukten.This report describes how an image classifier was created with the ability to identify car makeand model from a given picture of a car. The classifier was developed using pictures that the company CAB had saved from insurance errands that was managed through their current products. First of all the report begins with a brief theoretical introduction to machine learning and deep learning to guide the reader in to the subject of the report, and then continues with problemspecific methods that were of good use for the project. The report brings up methods for how the data was processed before training took place, how the training process went with the chosen tools for this project and also discussion about the result and what effected it – with comments about what can be done in the future to improve the end product.
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Batista, Reginaldo Braz. "Estudo do bilhar no anel de círculos excêntricos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/EABA-7EMTE6.
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We study a two parameter family of billiards in circular tables with an internal obstacle. The dynamic is described by the action of an homeomorphism of the compact cylinder. We study the stability of the xed points and we use the symmetries of the problem to analyze the behavior of the invariant manifolds of the hyperbolic xed point. We prove the existence of homoclinic points for some parameters and we study the dynamical implication of the homoclinic intersection with topological crossing.Estudamos uma família a dois parâmetros de bilhares em mesas circulares com um obstáculo interno. A dinâmica do sistema é descrita pela ação de um homeomorsmo no cilindro compacto. Estudamos a estabilidade de pontos xos e utilizamos as simetrias do problema para analisar o comportamento das variedades invariantes associadas a um ponto xo hiperbólico. Provamos a existência de pontos homoclínicos para certos parâmetros e estudamos as implicações dinâmicas da ocorrência de interseção homoclínica com cruzamento topológico.
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Nilsson, Karolina. ""Bilar är för pojkar och dockor för flickor"." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31188.
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I skollagen står det skrivet att jämställdhet är ett begrepp som ingår i värdegrunden. I läroplan för förskolan, Lpfö 98-10 beskrivs jämställdhetsfrågan på så vis att det är förskolans uppdrag att flickor och pojkar har samma möjligheter att utveckla förmågor och intressen utan begränsningar utifrån stereotypa könsroller (Skolverket, 2010). Förskolan är en utvecklingszon för alla barn oavsett kön därför är det viktigt att arbeta med genus i förskolan. Mot denna bakgrund är syftet med föreliggande uppsats att studera hur förskollärare på en förskola resonerar om genus och förhåller sig till pojkar och flickor i förskolan. För att undersöka detta har jag genomfört intervjuer och observationer och använt mig av Hirdmans (2001) teori om isärhållning och genuskontrakt.Mitt material visar att förskollärarna tänker kring genus utifrån det historiska och gamla påståendet ”pojkar är vildare än flickor” men också att de anser att genus handlar om rättvisa och om att ”bryta normer”. Resultatet visar även att förskollärarna tänker på ett sätt men agerar utifrån ett annat. Det verkar vara svårt att tänka barnen som enskilda individer istället för flickor och pojkar. Slutsatsen av min studie är att förskollärarna ofta vill dela upp pojkar och flickor samt att de utgår från att pojkar och flickor är olika. Ämnet om genus i förskolan inte är färdigdiskuterat utan det finns fortfarande mycket kvar att studera.