Academic literature on the topic 'Bilabial consonant'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Bilabial consonant.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Bilabial consonant"
1
Hong, Yong Tae, Phan Huu Ngoc Minh, and Ki Hwan Hong. "Which Plosive Consonant Is More Useful for the Aerodynamic Analysis of Pathologic Voice?" Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 13, no. 2 (2020): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2019.01039.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. Both acoustic and aerodynamic analyses are essential to evaluate the phonetic characteristics of voice pathology. The purpose of the study is to determine the magnitude of their correlation with the different types of bilabial plosive consonants.Methods. A controlled prospective study of 35 patients diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold paralysis was performed. The sustained vowel /a/ and bilabial voiceless consonants were used. Three common acoustic parameters were measured from a sustained vowel /a/ and aerodynamic parameters from a set of syllables /pi/, /p<sup>h</sup>i/, and /p’i/. We determined the correlation coefficients between acoustic and aerodynamic measurements for the bilabial plosive consonants /pi/, /p<sup>h</sup>i/, and /p’i/.Results. The mean values of acoustic parameters were higher than the thresholds of pathology. The mean values of aerodynamic parameters varied according to the types of consonants. The correlation between acoustic and aerodynamic parameters was significantly larger with the consonant /p<sup>h</sup>i/ compared with the consonants /p’/ and /p/. The magnitudes of correlation were higher with the consonant /p<sup>h</sup>i/ compared with the consonants /p’/ and /p/.Conclusion. The plosive consonant /p<sup>h</sup>i/ may represent a more valuable investigative consonant than the consonants /p/ or /p’/ for aerodynamic analysis of voice pathology, especially in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
2
Dewi, Julia Purnama, Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini, and Nissa Puspitaning Adni. "Pronunciation Errors in Producing English Bilabial Consonants Sounds by Korean Speakers." Journal of Language and Literature 25, no. 1 (2025): 85–93. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v25i1.10133.
Full textAbstract:
Every language has a unique system of vowel and consonant sounds, for example, English has five (5) vowels and 21 consonants. Others like in Korean language, it has ten (10) vowels, and nineteen (19) consonants. Since every language has a different set of vowel and consonant systems, it might affect to the differences in the pronunciation of each sounds in each of the languages. Cho (2020) theory states that pronunciation errors result from the transfer of Korean phonological processes to English and the inability to acquire English phonological processes. This study observed three Korean natives, live in South Korea, and have no history of a mother tongue other than Korean. The three participants also came from different backgrounds and English-speaking experiences. The data were taken by recording and examining some English words contained and related to English bilabial consonant sounds. The voice recordings were analyzed to find the differences in their pronunciation applying the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) according to the standard English pronunciation. The finding showed that 1) the Korean speakers were able to pronounce the English Bilabial plosive and nasal /p, b, m/ at the beginning and middle of the word, but there was a tendency to add an extra vowel when the Bilabial consonant plosive /p, b/ placed at the end of the word, 2) the voiceless bilabial plosive /p/ was taken as a substitution consonant for the words that contained fricative consonant /f/, 3) the voiced labial-velar approximant /w/ was not pronounced correctly by having the two lips moving closer, but it was pronounced by either sounding the vowel [ʊ] first or [o] first. Those errors were caused by the different sound systems in Hangeul that influences the speakers’ English pronunciation.
3
Vaca, Elbert E., Sergey Y. Turin, and Arun K. Gosain. "Labial Incompetence in Mobius Syndrome." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 9 (2018): 1313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665618758540.
Full textAbstract:
Difficulty with speech intelligibility in Mobius syndrome patients due to bilabial incompetence is common yet rarely discussed. We present a patient with Mobius syndrome who underwent counterclockwise LeFort I impaction to improve her labial competence. In addition, we present a literature review of management strategies for labial incompetence correction in Mobius patients. At 7-year follow-up after LeFort 1 impaction, the patient reports improvement in speech intelligibility, specifically regarding the ability to pronounce bilabial consonants. This is the first published report of LeFort I impaction to improve labial competence and bilabial consonant pronunciation in a Mobius syndrome patient.
4
Natalina, Purba, Chandra Dewi Sagala Anita, Simanjuntak Hendra, Saut Raja Sihombing Partohap, and Sinurat Bloner. "Phonology Acquisition for 3-4 Years Old Children: Deletion of Bilabial Consonant Sounds B and P at the Beginning of Words." Sarcouncil Journal of Education and Sociology 4, no. 5 (2025): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15520953.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to examine the process of phonological acquisition in children aged 3-4 years, focusing on the deletion of bilabial consonants /b/ and /p/ at the beginning of words. The deletion of bilabial consonants is a form of phonological simplification that is commonly found in children in the early stages of language acquisition. This study uses a longitudinal approach, in which children's phonological development is observed periodically over a certain period to understand the pattern of sound deletion and the factors that influence it. The research method involves observing and recording data on the production of children's words containing bilabial consonants in the initial position. The data are then analyzed to determine the frequency of sound deletion and to identify general patterns in the process of phonological acquisition. The results of the study indicate that the deletion of sounds /b/ and /p/ at the beginning of words occurs more often in children who are in the early stages of phonological development but tends to decrease with age and the development of articulation skills. This study is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of children's language development, especially the acquisition of bilabial consonant sounds. The results can also be useful for detecting phonological disorders early and providing a basis for speech therapy intervention if needed
5
Lyapina, P. A., and T. R. Ryzhikova. "Distribution of voiced fricative consonants of the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language in the position after vowels." Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, no. 42 (2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-44-52.
Full textAbstract:
This work aims at identifying and describing the articulatory characteristics of the bilabial and guttural consonant phonemes of the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language by distributive analysis. The Khanty language is characterized by a pronounced dialect fragmentation. The Surgut dialect is one of the Eastern Khanty dialects. A number of works are devoted to its vocalism, while only one paper addresses the Surgut consonantism. The system of the Surgut dialect consonants is characterized by several features, with one being the alternation of fricative bilabial [w], guttural non-labialized [ɣ], and guttural labialized [ɣЮ] consonants. According to experimental studies conducted in the V. M. Nadelyaev Laboratory of Experimental-Phonetic Researches, Institute of Philology, SB RAS, these sounds have been found to alternate not only in speakers of different Surgut sub-dialects but also in the speech of one speaker. This study examined the word forms with target sounds found in the dictionary of the Eastern Khanty dialects by N. I. Tereshkin. The paper presents language material, with a series of words in different phonetic contexts and a summary distribution table. Following N. S. Trubetskoy’s rules of phoneme distinction, we performed a sound analysis and identified two phonemes: the bilabial rounded phoneme /w/ and the guttural hypothetical pho-neme /ɣ/. The bilabial one was found to have two allophones [w, ɣЮ], with the guttural phoneme realized only in one allophone [ɣ].
6
P.N., Otieno, and E. G. Mecha. "Analysis of Second and Third Formant Locus Pattern and C-V Coarticulation in EkeGusii." Macrolinguistics 10, no. 17 (2022): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2022.10.17.5.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyses locus equations and regression lines relating to second and third formants as a measure of co-articulatory influence of vowels following stop consonants in EkeGusii. Coarticulation can be represented statistically using a schematic representation of locus equations by tracking consonant-vowel (CV) transition as a useful tool in the discrimination of place of articulation. Acoustic data was collected using Praat version 6.0 from four males and four females, native speakers of EkeGusii. Locus equations for the eight speakers were derived from CV words with intervocalic voiceless bilabial /p/, voiceless alveolar /t/ and voiceless velar /k/ preceding vowel /i/, /a/ and /o/ contexts. Scatter plots of locus equation of F2 and F3 onsets-F2 and F3 midpoints revealed patterns for each of the three voiceless stops in EkeGusii. The strongest degree of coarticulation is reported for velars then bilabials and the least degree of coarticulation with alveolars.
7
Ibikunle, Abiodun Samuel, Nureni Oluwaseyi Bakre, and O̩lalekan Malik Adebayo. "Consonant Insertion in Iyinno: A Critique." American International Journal of Education and Linguistics Research 3, no. 1 (2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijelr.v3i1.145.
Full textAbstract:
Unlike vowel insertion (epenthesis), consonant insertion is a rare occurrence in languages. It is against this backdrop that this study examines the occurrence of consonant insertion in Ì̩yí̩nnó̩ as claimed by Ibikunle (2008:122). He (Ibikunle 2008:122) claimed that, there is an insertion of voiced bilabial nasal [m] between two nouns while combining them to form new words. This paper shows that, the voiced bilabial nasal [m] found between two nouns in the lect is not the case of consonant insertion but rather, an associative morpheme (a genitive marker) [mὲ] which has lost its vocalic anchor as a result of hiatus resolution across morpheme boundary. Also, our study reveals that, after [mέ] has lost its vocalic anchor, the nasal feature of [m] got transferred to the (oral) V1 of the second noun across morpheme boundary.
8
Alqahtani, Mufleh Salem M. "Sonority Sequencing Principle in Sabzevari Persian: A Constraint-Based Approach." Open Linguistics 5, no. 1 (2019): 434–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0024.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study sheds light on the relationship between the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) and syllable structure in Sabzevari, a Persian vernacular spoken in the Sabzevar area of Northeast Iran. Optimality Theory (OT), as a constraint-based approach, is utilized to scrutinize sonority violation and its repair strategies. The results suggest that obedience to the SSP is mandatory in Sabzevari, as shown through the treatment of word-final clusters in Standard Persian words which violate the SSP. These consonant clusters are avoided in Sabzevari by two phonological processes: vowel epenthesis and metathesis. Vowel epenthesis is motivated by final consonant clusters of the forms /fricative+coronal nasal/, /plosive+bilabial nasal/, /fricative+bilabial nasal/, /plosive+rhotic/, /fricative+rhotic/, and /plosive+lateral/. Metathesis, as another repair strategy for sonority sequencing violations, occurs when dealing with final consonant clusters of the forms /plosive+fricative/and / fricative+lateral/.
9
Olson, Kenneth S. "The nonexistence of the plain bilabial trill phoneme." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 7, no. 1 (2022): 5239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5239.
Full textAbstract:
Phonetic studies of bilabial trills in phonemic systems show that they are preceded immediately by an oral stop closure, e.g., /mbʙ, bʙ, pʙ̥/. A plain bilabial trill without a preceding oral stop closure /ʙ/ is not known to occur as an individual phoneme in any language. On the contrary, plain apical /r/ and uvular /ʀ/ trill phonemes that lack a preceding oral stop closure occur in many languages. The nonexistence of /ʙ/ is likely due to the fact that it does not meet the specific aerodynamic conditions necessary for its production (Maddieson 1989). In this paper, I examine a crosslinguistic sample of consonant inventories containing both bilabial and apical trills. I find that these inventories show an implicational tendency: For each phoneme containing a bilabial trill, there is usually a corresponding phoneme containing an apical trill that shares the same values for voicing and prenasalization. These phonemes always include an oral stop closure preceding the trill, and they pattern as obstruents. In addition, these consonant inventories usually include a plain apical trill phoneme (which patterns as a sonorant), but lack a plain bilabial trill phoneme. The most common such inventory (e.g., found extensively in Austronesian) includes three trills /mbʙ, ndr, r/, while larger inventories are found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan, e.g., Mangbetu /pʙ̥, bʙ, mbʙ, tr̥, dr, ndr, r/. While a plain bilabial trill does not emerge due to aerodynamic constraints, resulting in a gap in the system, symmetry appears to favor the emergence of bilabial stop-trill phonemes in languages that have corresponding apical stop-trill phonemes.
10
Rahman, Mustafizur, and Prof S. Ganesh Baskaran. "CONSONANTAL SYSTEM OF SHERPA." Journal of English Language and Literature 09, no. 01 (2022): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/joell.2022.9101.
Full textAbstract:
The present study “Consonantal system of Sherpa” discusses the Sherpas of Sikkim mainly settled in South and West District. According to the Census of India 2001, the total speaker of Sherpa in Sikkim is 13,922. However, Denzong Sherpa Association claims that the population of Sherpa is more than 65,000 out of which more than 32,000 people speak their Mother Tongue in their native environment particularly in the home domain. Linguistically, Robert Shafer has divided Tibeto-Burman into four main groups: Bodic, Baric, Burmic and Karenic. According to Shafer, Sherpa belongs to the Central Unit of the Bodish Section within the Bodic Sub-division of Sino-Tibetan. The present paper attempts to describe the Consonantal system of Sherpa. Sherpa has twenty six (26) consonantal sounds. It has fourteen stops i.e., /p, pʰ, b, t, tʰ, d, ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, c, cʰ, k, kʰ, ɡ/, four nasals /m, n, ɲ, ŋ/, four fricatives /s, ʃ, ʒ, h/ one lateral /l/one trill /r/ and two semi-vowels; bilabial semi-vowel /w/ and palatal semi-vowel /j/. Consonant combination in Sherpa can be classified into two categories these are: (i) consonant cluster (ii) consonant sequence. Sherpa has initial and medial consonant clusters that occur within the syllabic boundary. Sherpa has a wide variety of consonant sequences. Gemination, Homorganic and Contagious are the Consonant sequences found in Sherpa Language.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bilabial consonant"
1
CARCHIA, MARCO. "Lingue senza consonanti bilabiali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1035364.
Full textAbstract:
La presenza di consonanti nei punti d’articolazione velare, alveolare e bilabiale sembra rappresentare la base della costituzione di un sistema consonantico e viene descritta da diversi autori, secondo svariati approcci. Ciononostante sono presenti in letteratura, seppur in maniera piuttosto sporadica, riferimenti all’esistenza di lingue con una completa assenza di consonanti bilabiali, soprattutto da parte di autori dediti allo studio delle lingue native americane. Questo fa sì, pertanto, che la presenza di bilabiali non possa essere considerata un universale linguistico ma piuttosto una tendenza linguistica universale, che ammette , quindi, eccezioni. I riferimenti portati finora osservano il fenomeno da una prospettiva puramente sincronica, escludendo in tal modo, non soltanto le lingue estinte, ma anche quelle che hanno avuto un’assenza completa dei fonemi in questione in un momento lontano della propria storia, inserendoli successivamente nel proprio sistema consonantico.
Sulla base di questo retroterra e di quanto emerso dal materiale consultato, la tesi si sviluppa principalmente sui tre seguenti punti.
1) La mappatura di tutte le lingue e famiglie linguistiche parlate o estinte, interessate in un qualsiasi momento della loro storia dal fenomeno, fornendo informazioni sulla distribuzione, genealogia e fonologia, con particolare attenzione, ovviamente, all’assenza di bilabiali. Questo primo obiettivo comprende anche una mappa digitale delle lingue, creata con l’utilizzo del software QGIS.
2) L’attribuzione di una completa assenza di bilabiali a quelle proto-lingue, la cui ricostruzione presentava punti oscuri proprio in merito a tali fonemi, nonché una mancanza di unanimità fra i diversi autori che le hanno studiate. Questo secondo obiettivo è stato perseguito principalmente attraverso studi tipologici.
3) Una descrizione delle caratteristiche della manifestazione del fenomeno secondo l’analisi delle diverse lingue e famiglie interessate e una ricerca della spiegazione delle cause che ne sono alla base.<br>The existence of consonants at the velar, alveolar and bilabial places of articulation seems to represent the basis of the structure of a consonant system, described by many authors according to various approaches. Nevertheless a few scattered references to languages without any bilabial sound can be found in literature, especially by authors dealing with American native languages. For this reason, the presence of bilabial consonants cannot be considered as a universal of language but rather a linguistic tendency, admitting, as such, some exceptions. The above mentioned references describe the phenomenon by a merely synchronic perspective, leaving thereby aside, not only extinct languages, but also those showing at a distant time in the past the lack of these sounds, which were later introduced in their consonant inventory.
Based on this background and on the results brought out by the analysis of the reference material, this dissertation focuses mainly on the three following points.
1) A mapping of all languages and linguistic families involved, regardless whether they are living, extinct or characterized by this phenomenon at a distant time in the past, providing information about their distribution, their genealogy and their phonology, of course with particular emphasis on bilabial sounds.
This first aim includes also a digital map of these languages, created by using the software QGIS.
2) Ascribing a complete lack of bilabial consonants to those proto-languages, whose reconstructions showed some loose ends with regard to these phonemes, as well as the lack of unanimity among the various authors dealing with them. This second objective was pursued primarily by means of typological studies.
3) A description of how the phenomenon occurs, based on the analysis of the different languages and linguistic families involved, along with a research on the explication of the possible reasons underlying it.
2
Frazer, Brittany L. "Approximating Subglottal Pressure from Oral Pressure: A Methodological Study." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1403711283.
Full text
3
Shabangu, Sakie Isaac. "The Xitsonga murmured speech sounds and their representations in the Xitsonga orthography." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/653.
Full textAbstract:
MA<br>Department of Communication and Applied Language Studies<br>Orthographic symbols of languages represent specific speech sounds with their specific phonetic qualities. This research aimed at analysing orthographic representations of murmured speech sounds in the Xitsonga orthography. The qualitative approach was employed to examine the production of murmured speech sounds and their orthographic representations in Xitsonga. The analysis was based on data collected from interviews with speakers of the Xitsonga language, Xitsonga educators and lecturers who are themselves Xitsonga-speaking, Xitsonga authors and Xitsonga subject specialists, and also from existing literature by Xitsonga authors and language scholars. The study made recommendations that will help the development and revitalisation of the Xitsonga language and also benefit the speakers of the language as well as scholars and linguists.
Books on the topic "Bilabial consonant"
1
Löfqvist, Anders. Articulatory coordination in long and short consonants. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined interarticulator programming of lip and tongue movements in the production of single and geminate consonants in Japanese and Italian. One issue addressed is whether the traditional description of Japanese as mora-timed and Italian as syllable-timed is associated with differences in interarticulator programming at the segmental level. Native speakers of Japanese and Italian served as subjects. The linguistic material consisted of Italian and Japanese words forming minimal pairs, with a sequence of vowel-bilabial nasal-vowel, where the duration of the consonant was either long or short. Recordings were made of lip and tongue movements using a magnetometer system. The results show no evidence of any stable relative timing differences between Japanese and Italian. These findings are also very similar to the results of a study of American English. Thus, rhythm class does not appear to reliably influence the timing of lip and tongue movements.
2
Stirtz, Timothy M. Three Analyses of Underlying Plosives in Caning, a Nilo-Saharan Language of Sudan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
Caning (or Shatt), an Eastern Sudanic (Nilo-Saharan) language of Sudan, has bilabial, alveolar, palatal, and velar plosives, but it is not straightforward for which plosives (if any) there is an underlying voicing contrast. Three analyses that can be shown to account reasonably for the data. One analysis proposes a voicing contrast of all plosives in all word positions where plosives occur. Of the three, this analysis posits underlying plosives most closely to the surface forms. A second analysis proposes only a voicing contrast of alveolar and velar plosives in word-initial position, and posits the same alternation processes in roots that are observed across morpheme boundaries. A third analysis proposes no voicing contrast of any plosives in any position by positing a “ghost” consonant before alveolar and velar plosives in word-initial position. There are advantages to each analysis, but none is without certain obstacles. After the noun root and morphological data of plosives is presented as neutrally as possible, the data are analyzed according to each of the three competing analyses, and the evidence for each is summarized. The reader is left to decide which analysis is the best choice.
Book chapters on the topic "Bilabial consonant"
1
Calvetti, Paolo. "Alcune osservazioni sull’evoluzione dell’uso dei segni diacritici nell’ortografia del giapponese: dakuten, handakuten e fudakuten." In Connessioni. Studies in Transcultural History. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0422-4.22.
Full textAbstract:
Modern Japanese spelling conventions incorporate diacritical marks known as dakuten and handakuten. These marks are used to indicate voiced consonants and the presence of the voiceless bilabial plosive /p/, respectively. In this paper, I will outline the historical process that led to the formation of this diacritical mark system in its present form, providing an overview of the development and stabilization of Japanese orthography.
2
Siptdr, Peter, and Miklos Torkenczy. "The Consonant System." In The Phonology of Hungarian. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198238416.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The lexical consonant inventory, listed and exemplified in section 2.2.2, will be classified along the lines indicated in (1): The place-of-articulation categories of (1) may appear to be oversimplified from a phonetic point of view but are quite sufficient for a phonological classification. Labials include the bilabial stops /p b/, the bilabial nasal /f/ v/, as well as the labiodental fricatives /f v/.
3
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., Jacklyn Yuamali Ala, Pauline Agnes, and Yuaneng Luma Laki. "Introduction: The Language and its Speakers." In The Manambu Language of East Sepik, Papua New Guinea. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199539819.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Manambu is synthetic, with elements of fusion, and predominantly suffixing. The imperative marker a-is the only fully productive prefix (§13.2.1), while the causative-manipulative prefix kayoccurs with a limited number of verbs (§16.2.1). The infix -ka-marks intensive forms of non-agreeing adjectives (§4.3). Manambu has twenty consonants and nine vowels. There is a series of simple voiced and voiceless bilabial, apico-dental, and dorso-velar stops (just like in other Ndu languages). Voiced and voiceless bilabial and dorso-velar stops also have a labialized counterpart. All the voiced stops and the voiced fricative j are prenasalized in word-initial, intervocalic, and word-final positions. Vowel length is contrastive. Long vowels a: and æ: are a recent innovation: older speakers still pronounce these as sequences of identical short vowels interrupted by a glottal stop.
Conference papers on the topic "Bilabial consonant"
1
Burroni, Francesco, Sireemas Maspong, Nicole Benker, Philip A. Hoole, and James Kirby. "Spatiotemporal features of bilabial geminate and singleton consonants in Italian." In ISSP 2024 - 13th International Seminar on Speech Production. ISCA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/issp.2024-46.
Full text
2
Khajeh, Melika, Azam Bastanfard, and Dariush Amirkhani. "Bilabial Consonants Recognition in CV Persian Syllable Based on Computer Vision." In 2021 29th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee52715.2021.9544180.
Full text
3
Khajeh, Melika, Azam Bastanfard, and Dariush Amirkhani. "Bilabial Consonants Recognition in CV Persian Syllable Based on Computer Vision." In 2021 29th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee52715.2021.9544180.
Full text