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1

Moralee, S. J., and P. G. Reilly. "Metabolic stridor: bilateral vocal cord abductor paralysis secondary to hypokalaemia?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, no. 1 (1992): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100118614.

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AbstractA previously unreported association between bilateral abductor paralysis and hypokalaemia is reported in a patient presenting with stridor. Both the stridor and the bilateral abductor paralysis gradually resolved as the serum potassium was corrected. A causal link is suggested though the mechanism is unclear.
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2

Khalil, Mahmoud A., and Hazem M. Abdel Tawab. "Laser Posterior Cordotomy: Is it a Good Choice in Treating Bilateral Vocal Fold Abductor Paralysis?" Clinical Medicine Insights: Ear, Nose and Throat 7 (January 2014): CMENT.S15888. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cment.s15888.

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Background Bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis can lead to respiratory distress and dyspnea. Objectives To assess the efficacy of CO2 laser unilateral posterior cordotomy in cases with bilateral abductor paralysis as regards improvement of dyspnea with preservation of satisfactory voice and swallowing after the operation. Methods A prospective study was done on 18 patients with bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis (10 females and 8 males) from November 2010 to December 2012 with their ages ranging from 32 to 64 years. Results All patients showed improvement of dyspnea after the operatio
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3

Tarin, Thomas T., Julian A. Martinez, and Nina L. Shapiro. "Familial bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 69, no. 12 (2005): 1693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.03.054.

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4

Ali Raza, S., S. Mahendran, Nazneen Rahman, and R. G. Williams. "Familial vocal fold paralysis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, no. 12 (2002): 1047–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221502761698829.

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Familial clustering of congenital bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis has been reported very rarely. So far, only a handful of cases have been reported, mostly with the autosomal dominant of X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. We describe the cases of a brother and sister, who presented with neonatal stridor due to bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis. First-degree parental consanguinity suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Karyotype analysis revealed a paracentric balanced inversion of chromosome 13 in both cases, that was also present in the unaffected mother. An u
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5

Sapienza, Christine M., Bari Hoffman Ruddy, and Susan Baker. "Laryngeal Structure and Function in the Pediatric Larynx." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 35, no. 4 (2004): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2004/029).

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This article presents an overview of the normal anatomy and physiology of the pediatric larynx, followed by some examples of pediatric voice disorders that were chosen to exemplify the alterations to the laryngeal anatomy and the subsequent modifications to laryngeal function. Vocal fold nodules are primarily reviewed due to their high incidence in the pediatric population. Three other disorders, including laryngeal hyperfunction, unilateral vocal fold paralysis, and bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis, are discussed because of their more common occurrence and the uniqueness of their etiol
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6

Swain, Santosh Kumar. "A Bilateral Abductor Palsy Due to Radiotherapy in Supraglottic Cancer – A Case Report." Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth 17, Suppl 2 (2024): S380—S383. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_224_24.

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ABSTRACT Radiotherapy is an established mode of treatment for head and neck cancer. Radiotherapy associated with bilateral abductor palsy of the vocal fold is one of the rarest causes. Bilateral abductor palsy of the vocal folds is a serious condition that can be life-threatening. Timely and precise diagnosis is essential, followed by urgent treatment. There are different causes of bilateral abductor cord paralysis, with iatrogenic trauma post-thyroidectomy surgery being the most common cause. Treatment always aims to achieve two primary goals including establishing a clear airway and maintain
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7

Woodson, Gayle. "Arytenoid Abduction: Indications and Limitations." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 119, no. 11 (2010): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348941011901117.

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Objectives I report further experience with arytenoid abduction (AAb), a procedure that enlarges the glottis by external rotation of the arytenoid cartilage and thus moves the vocal process laterally and rostrally, but does not preclude adduction for phonation. Therefore, AAb has the potential to preserve voice in patients with bilateral abductor laryngeal paralysis. Methods I performed a retrospective review of AAb in 11 patients with bilateral laryngeal paralysis and 3 patients with other neurologic causes of glottal airway compromise, ie, adductor breathing dystonia, frequent laryngospasm,
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8

Woodson, Gayle. "Arytenoid Abduction: Indications and Limitations." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 119, no. 11 (2010): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348941011901104.

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Objectives I report further experience with arytenoid abduction (AAb), a procedure that enlarges the glottis by external rotation of the arytenoid cartilage and thus moves the vocal process laterally and rostrally, but does not preclude adduction for phonation. Therefore, AAb has the potential to preserve voice in patients with bilateral abductor laryngeal paralysis. Methods I performed a retrospective review of AAb in 11 patients with bilateral laryngeal paralysis and 3 patients with other neurologic causes of glottal airway compromise, ie, adductor breathing dystonia, frequent laryngospasm,
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9

Hazarika, Produl, Deepak Ranjan Nayak, R. Balakrishnan, Girish Raj, Kailesh Pujary, and Shahrayar Ali Mallick. "KTP-532 laser cordotomy for bilateral abductor paralysis." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 54, no. 3 (2002): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02993106.

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10

Remsen, Kenneth, William Lawson, Niroo Patel, and Hugh F. Biller. "Laser Lateralization for Bilateral Vocal Cord Abductor Paralysis." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 93, no. 5 (1985): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988509300514.

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Unilateral laser excision of the thyroarytenoid muscle combined with suture lateralization of the vocal ligament was successful in 13 of 14 patients (93%) treated for bilateral abduction immobility sufficient to require tracheotomy. Among the four patients requiring revision surgery, three had cricoarytenoid fixation and one had vocal cord paralysis. All patients had a satisfactory voice after surgery. The anesthetic management of laser microsurgery is discussed.
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11

Chazly, Mohamed El, Mohamed Rifai, and Ashraf Abou El Ezz. "Arytenoidectomy and posterior cordectomy for bilateral abductor paralysis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 6 (1991): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100116287.

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AbstractTwelve patients with bilateral fixed vocal cords seeking decannulation of their tracheostomies were subjected to endoscopic correction of the compromised airway. They all had arytenoidectomy associated with posterior cordectomy whether as a primary or secondary stage procedure. Decannulation was achieved in all patients using the technique described.
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12

Fairley, James W., and Marianne Hughes. "Acute stridor due to bilateral vocal fold paralysis as a presenting sign of myasthenia gravis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, no. 8 (1992): 737–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100120730.

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AbstractWe describe a case of myasthenia gravis in a 46-year-old man presenting as acute stridor with bilateral abductor paralysis of the vocal folds. Prompt diagnosis and medical treatment with pyridostigmine avoided the need for tracheostomy. It is important to remember the possibility of myasthenia gravis in cases of stridor due to bilateral vocal fold paralysis, since effective medical treatment is available.
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13

Chaten, Frank C., Steven E. Lucking, Edwin S. Young, and John J. Mickell. "Stridor: Intracranial Pathology Causing Postextubation Vocal Cord Paralysis." Pediatrics 87, no. 1 (1991): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.87.1.39.

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During an 18-month period in a pediatric intensive care unit, nine patients with vocal cord paralysis were identified using flexible bronchoscopy. When tracheally extubated, each child was found to have stridor. The children ranged in age from 17 days to 5½ years. Two patients had unilateral paralysis, but neither required tracheostomy. Seven patients displayed bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis. Of these, six patients required tracheostomy. Surgical injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve was the probable cause in two patients. The other seven patients had neurologic disorders with docum
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14

Osei-Lah, Victor, B. J. O'Reilly, and R. Capildeo. "Bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis due to myasthenia gravis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 113, no. 7 (1999): 678–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100144834.

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AbstractWe report a case of bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis due to myasthenia gravis in a 61-year-old man who presented with stridor requiring tracheostomy. The stridor had been preceded by several weeks' history of diplopia.
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15

Thamizharasan, P., and R. Madanagopal. "Iatrogenic bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury: a retrospective study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 4, no. 6 (2018): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20184357.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is mostly iatrogenic following thyroidectomy. Our study aims at defining need for tracheostomy, timing of intervention and best method to achieve permanent treatment in cases of iatrogenic bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In past four years we did 34 total thyroidectomy surgeries, all patients were female between 21-65 years of age. Common indications were multi nodular goiter 25 cases, papillary carcinoma thy
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16

Mondal, Prabir Kumar, Indranil Pal, Sankar Prasad Bera, Alok Ranjan Mondal, and Subhradev Biswas. "Surgical management of bilateral abductor paralysis by extralaryngeal approach." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 57, no. 1 (2005): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02907639.

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17

Narayanan, S. V. L., C. N. Haridas, and A. R. Vinaykumar. "Endoscopic lateralization using Cobbler’s needle for Bilateral Abductor paralysis." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 48, no. 3 (1996): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03048609.

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18

Woodson, Gayle, and Todd Weiss. "Arytenoid Abduction for Dynamic Rehabilitation of Bilateral Laryngeal Paralysis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 116, no. 7 (2007): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940711600702.

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Objectives: Bilateral laryngeal paralysis results in airway obstruction, but the voice is often nearly normal. Tracheotomy provides an airway and preserves voice. Surgical procedures to statically enlarge the glottis can permit decannulation, but do so at the expense of the voice. Motion analysis in cadaver larynges has demonstrated that adductor and abductor muscles rotate the arytenoid cartilage around different axes. We sought to determine whether external rotation of the arytenoid cartilage could enlarge the airway without abolishing residual phonatory adduction. Methods: We performed aryt
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19

Moustafa, Hassan, Ahmed El-Guindy, Sayed El-Sherief, and Alt Targam. "The role of endoscopic laterofixation of the vocal cord in the treatment of bilateral abductor paralysis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, no. 1 (1992): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100118523.

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AbstractDifferent techniques were compared in management of 36 patients with bilateral abductor paralysis of the vocal cords. Ten patients were treated by microsurgical arytenoidectomy through a mid-line thyrotomy, with successful decannulation in only three. Fifteen patients were treated by endolaryngeal microsurgical arytenoidectomy, with failure to decannulate four cases.The procedure of endoscopic laterofixation of the vocal cord was used to treat 11 patients. Ten patients had an adequate long-lasting airway with a socially acceptable voice function. One patient had a revision surgery and
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20

Thakar, Alok. "The distended ventricle as a sign of bilateral abductor paralysis." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 136, no. 4 (2007): 663–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2006.12.003.

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21

Sharan, C. J., S. Bahadur, K. K. Handa, A. Thakar, and J. N. Pande. "Changes in ventilatory function following surgery for bilateral abductor paralysis." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 61, no. 3 (2009): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-009-0068-7.

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22

Hughes, R. G. M., K. P. Gibbin, and J. Lowe. "Vocal fold abductor paralysis as a solitary and fatal manifestation of multiple system atrophy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 2 (1998): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100140241.

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AbstractA patient is presented who had bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis pathologically proven to be due to multiple system atrophy (MSA) in the absence of other neurological features. MSA is a degenerative neurological condition that includes olivopontocerebellar atrophy, Shy-Drager syndrome and striatonigral degeneration. The usual predominant features of MSA are cerebellar ataxia, autonomic dysfunction and Parkinsonism. Stridor is present in over one third of patients and has been reported previously as a presenting symptom in MSA: however previously reported patients have always gone
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23

Sakakura, Atsushi, and Kazuo Makimoto. "Idiopathic Bilateral Vocal Cord Abductor Paralysis in Infants: A Case Report." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 67, no. 6 (2016): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.67.406.

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24

Sethi, Ashwani, Vishwanathan Anand, Avinash Das, and Deepika Sethi. "Surgical management of bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis using Coblation technology." Journal of Laryngology and Voice 6, no. 2 (2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlv.jlv_11_16.

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25

Strauss, A., M. Finder, J. Lipman, and M. Conidaris. "Acute stridor as a presentation of bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis." Anaesthesia 51, no. 11 (1996): 1046–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb15002.x.

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26

M.K., Rajasekar, and Deepalakshmi S. "BILATERAL ABDUCTOR PARALYSIS VOCAL CORD LATERALISATION Vs ENDOSCOPIC ARYTENOIDECTOMY – OUR STUDY." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental sciences 2, no. 47 (2013): 9072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/1573.

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27

Amedee, Ronald G., and Wolf J. Mann. "A Functional Approach to Lateral Fixation in Bilateral Abductor Cord Paralysis." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 100, no. 6 (1989): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988910000603.

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A modification of the Clerf arytenoldopexy treatment for bilateral vocal cord paralysis is described; It consists of an external approach with complete unilateral division of the posterior cricoarytenoid and Interarytenold muscles. The entire arytenoid Is next mobilized and tilted laterally, then fixed Into position along the posterior margin of the thyroid cartilage by two or three permanent retention sutures. Careful placement of these sutures renders the laryngeal mucosa maximally undisturbed and Is largely responsible for the predictable results achieved with this technique. During the pas
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28

McGlashan, J. A., and D. G. Golding-Wood. "Snoring as a presenting feature of the Shy-Drager syndrome." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 6 (1989): 610–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510010948x.

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AbstractA 67-year-old man with a progressive snoring habit is presented. Fluctuant bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis was later recognized together with autonomic features suggesting a diagnosis of Shy-Drager syndrome. Snoring as a presenting feature of this condition has been infrequently described. This case highlights the importance of careful assessment of snorers.
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29

Bernstein, J. M., S. M. Jones, and P. H. Jones. "Unilateral transverse cordotomy for bilateral abductor vocal fold immobility." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 9 (2012): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215112001521.

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AbstractObjective:We present a case series with airway compromise due to bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis or fixation, treated with unilateral transverse cordotomy.Methods:Of eight consecutive patients with dyspnoea due to bilateral paramedian vocal fold immobility, seven underwent unilateral transverse cordotomy between August 2006 and April 2010 at University Hospital of South Manchester, UK. Airway and voice outcomes were compared before and after surgery.Results:All seven treated cases derived subjective airway function improvement; there was no aspiration. The eighth case had inade
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30

Kulasegarah, J., M. Breshinan, and M. Walsh. "Vocal cord lateralisation in bilateral abductor cord paralysis using ENDO CLOSETMsuturing device." Clinical Otolaryngology 32, no. 4 (2007): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2007.01432.x.

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31

Lichtenberger, György, and Robert J. Toohill. "Technique of Endo-Extralaryngeal Suture Lateralization for Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Paralysis." Laryngoscope 107, no. 9 (1997): 1281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199709000-00023.

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32

Li, Lishu, Hideto Saigusa, Hiroshi Nagayama, et al. "A Case of Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease with Bilateral Vocal Fold Abductor Paralysis." Journal of Voice 23, no. 5 (2009): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.02.002.

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33

Berkowitz, Robert G. "Laryngeal Electromyography Findings in Idiopathic Congenital Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 105, no. 3 (1996): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949610500306.

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Children with idiopathic congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) were investigated by electromyography (EMG) of the posterior cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid muscles to determine whether laryngeal EMG findings had diagnostic or prognostic significance. Four children between 3 weeks and 33 months of age were studied. Three had abductor paralysis and were tracheostomy-dependent, while the fourth had adductor paralysis requiring a feeding gastrostomy. Two of these patients also had other anomalies. Motor unit potentials showing phasic bursts with respiration were found in all four case
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34

Sethi, Ashwani, Awadhesh K. Mishra, and Deepika Sethi. "Endoscopic Laser Cordotomy Versus Coblator Cordectomy: Our Experience in Managing Bilateral Abductor Paralysis." International Journal of Phonosurgery & Laryngology 8, no. 1 (2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10023-1154.

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35

Özdemir, Süleyman, Ülkü Tuncer, Özgür Tarkan, Karahan Kara, and Özgür Sürmelioglu. "Carbon Dioxide Laser Endoscopic Posterior Cordotomy Technique for Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Paralysis." JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 139, no. 4 (2013): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2013.41.

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36

Fata, Joseph J., Leslie T. Malmgren, Richard Dum, Richard R. Gacek, and Peak Woo. "Histochemical Study of Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle Reinnervation by a Nerve-Muscle Pedicle in the Cat." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 96, no. 5 (1987): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948709600501.

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Reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle with a nerve-muscle pedicle (NMP) has been proposed for patients with bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis. Since its success has been controversial, a glycogen depletion histochemical technique was used to examine reinnervation. An ansa cervicalis NMP was implanted into the denervated PCA in nine cats. Eight months later, vocal cord activity was evaluated. The NMP nerve was stimulated extensively in seven cats (experimental group). Optical densities of NMP-supphed PCA muscle fibers from experimental and control groups were compared
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37

Lapeña, Jose F., and Robert G. Berkowitz. "Neuromuscular Disorders Presenting as Congenital Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 110, no. 10 (2001): 952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940111001011.

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Congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) can be associated with an underlying neuromuscular disorder, and may present before other features of the neuromuscular disorder become apparent. All infants less than 12 months of age presenting with BVCP between July 1987 and July 1999 at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, in whom a neuromuscular disorder was subsequently diagnosed were followed. Three children in whom BVCP was diagnosed soon after birth and before recognition of an underlying neuromuscular disorder were identified. All presented with upper airway obstructive symptoms a
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38

Cohen, Seymour R., and Jerome W. Thompson. "Use of Botulinum Toxin to Lateralize True Vocal Cords: A Biochemical Method to Relieve Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Paralysis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 96, no. 5 (1987): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948709600512.

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Using the mongrel dog as an animal model, we studied the effectiveness of botulinum toxin (Oculinum) to lateralize the true vocal cord. This experiment was undertaken in order to determine whether the toxin can improve the airway in subjects with bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis. The toxin was injected into the cricothyroid muscle to block neuromuscular transmission at the motor end-plate. Paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle was achieved and documented by electromyography and videotaped endoscopy. Paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle decreases the tension of the true vocal cord and all
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39

Baker, Susan E., Christine M. Sapienza, and Savita Collins. "Inspiratory pressure threshold training in a case of congenital bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 67, no. 4 (2003): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5876(02)00389-0.

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40

Mathur, N. N., Sandeep Kumar, and Rajendra Bothra. "Simple method of vocal cord lateralization in bilateral abductor cord paralysis in paediatric patients." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 68, no. 1 (2004): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.08.050.

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41

Dupuch, V., N. Saroul, C. Aumeran, R. Pastourel, T. Mom, and L. Gilain. "Bilateral vocal cord abductor paralysis associated with primary herpes simplex infection: A case report." European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 129, no. 5 (2012): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2012.02.004.

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42

Mohamed, Nasser Nagieb, Samir Sorour Sorour, Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar, Amal Saeed Quriba, and Mohammad Abdou Mahdy. "Comparison Between Laser- and Diathermy-Assisted Posterior Cordotomy for Bilateral Vocal Cord Abductor Paralysis." JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 139, no. 9 (2013): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3554.

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43

Jóri, J., L. Rovó, and J. Czigner. "Vocal cord laterofixation as early treatment for acute bilateral abductor paralysis after thyroid surgery." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 255, no. 7 (1998): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050081.

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44

Pou, Anna, and Ricardo L. Carrau. "Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis in association with herpes simplex infection: A case report." American Journal of Otolaryngology 16, no. 3 (1995): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-0709(95)90108-6.

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45

Ruff, Michael E., W. Jerry Oakes, Samuel R. Fisher, and Alexander Spock. "Sleep Apnea and Vocal Cord Paralysis Secondary to Type I Chiari Malformation." Pediatrics 80, no. 2 (1987): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.80.2.231.

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A previously healthy 13-year-old boy d boy wimyelo-myelo-dysplasia who had mild scoliosis was seen with complaints of nasal congestion, noisy nighttime breathing, and difficulty sleeping. Flattening of the inspiratory loop on the flow-volume curve was found on pulmonary function testing, suggesting a variable extrathoracic obstruction due to a laryngeal lesion. Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis and sleep apnea developed precipitously following general anesthesia. Further workup demonstrated a type-I Chiari malformation with syringomyelia. Brainstem abnormalities such as Chiari malformati
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46

Dursun, Gürsel, and M. Kürşat Gökcan. "Aerodynamic, acoustic and functional results of posterior transverse laser cordotomy for bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 120, no. 4 (2006): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106000715.

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Bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis (BAVFP) is a rare but life-threatening condition which may require an emergency tracheotomy procedure. The ideal surgical technique for this condition should improve quality of life by relieving the airway obstruction while preserving laryngeal functions such as phonation and deglutition. Posterior transverse laser cordotomy (PTLC) was first described by Dennis and Kashima as a technique for providing an airway at the posterior glottis without pre-operative tracheotomy; they reported it as a successful method with satisfactory functional results. The aim
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Sahin, Mustafa, Ibrahim Aydogdu, Serdar Akyildiz, Munevver Erdinc, Kerem Ozturk, and Fatih Ogut. "Electromyography-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection Into the Cricothyroid Muscles in Bilateral Vocal Fold Abductor Paralysis." Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 10, no. 2 (2017): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2016.00241.

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Mohammed, GM, AM Kirfi, BT Gazali, and BM Ahmad. "Endoscopic suture lateralization of vocal cord with eyelet needle in patients with bilateral abductor paralysis." Archives of International Surgery 10, no. 3 (2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ais.ais_43_20.

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Baker, Susan E., Christine M. Sapienza, Danny Martin, Paul Davenport, Bari Hoffman-Ruddy, and Gayle Woodson. "Inspiratory pressure threshold training for upper airway limitation: a case of bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis." Journal of Voice 17, no. 3 (2003): 384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/s0892-1997(03)00066-3.

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De Campora, E., A. Camaioni, C. Corradini, N. D'Agnone, V. Calabrese, and A. Croce. "Thornell's approach for arytenoidectomy in the surgical treatment of bilateral abductor paralysis; personal experience and results." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 99, no. 4 (1985): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100096870.

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