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Journal articles on the topic 'Bilateral Hydronephrosis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Medjebeur, A. A., L. Bussieres, B. Gasser, V. Gimonet, and K. Laborde. "Experimental bilateral urinary obstruction in fetal sheep: transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 273, no. 3 (1997): F372—F379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.3.f372.

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To gain insight into the role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the development of kidney pathology following fetal obstruction, we measured TGF-beta 1 gene expression, the active peptide, and the urinary concentration in a model of fetal bilateral urinary obstruction (BUO) in sheep. Fetal lambs underwent BUO at 60 (FO-60) or 80 days (FO-80) of gestation and were studied at 120 days. Independently of the onset or duration of obstruction, all fetuses developed type IV dysplasia (IV) associated with an arrest in the nephrogenesis or hydronephrosis. Fetal glomerular filtration rate was not significantly modified, whereas sodium tubular reabsorption was significantly decreased, and urinary TGF-beta 1 concentration was elevated in hydronephrosis but not in IV. Levels of TGF-beta 1 mRNA were increased in hydronephrosis compared with normal kidneys, and active TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity was increased in both hydronephrotic and IV kidneys. In summary, TGF-beta 1 may play a role in the development of hydronephrosis and dysplasia in kidneys following fetal BUO. Its role in the arrest of nephrogenesis observed in the IV kidneys remains to be proved.

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2

Remillard, Brian D., Ramandeep Kaur, Micaela M. Dickinson, Clay A. Block, and Eric K. Hoffer. "Ascites and Bilateral Hydronephrosis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 34, no. 11S (2023): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.20233411s1458c.

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3

YEŞİLDAL, Cumhur, Furkan DURSUN, Ahmet Tevfik ALBAYRAK, Nihat TÜRKMEN, and Sinan Levent KİREÇÇİ. "Bilateral Hydronephrosis After Hypospadias Surgery." Journal of Reconstructive Urology 8, no. 2 (2018): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/urology.2018-60734.

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4

Amechi Chukwukadibia Onuigbo, Macaulay. "No; it’s not hydronephrosis - it is pseudohydronephrosis!" Journal of Renal Endocrinology 10 (January 1, 2024): e25145. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jre.2024.25145.

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Bilateral hydronephrosis usually implies the presence of clinically relevant obstructive uropathy and renal ultrasound is often utilized for this non-invasive and easily available diagnostic step. On the other hand, pseudohydronephrosis, defined as renal imaging characteristics that mimic obstructive uropathy without obstructive pathology, has only been very scantily reported. Pseudohydronephrosis was first described in 1949. The misdiagnosis of true hydronephrosis in such scenarios raises the specter of unnecessary, expensive, invasive, and potentially dangerous investigations and procedures. We describe herein bilateral renal cysts mimicking bilateral hydronephrosis. Physician caution is warranted.

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5

Wirya, I. G. N. Wila, and Hariarti Hariarti. "Bilateral Hydronephrosis with Recurrent Infections." Paediatrica Indonesiana 19, no. 3-4 (2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi19.3-4.1979.111-6.

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A case of bilateral hydronephrosis due to a congenital hereditary anomaly was reported. The operation was performed to remove the right kidney and ureter. Correction of the obstruction in the left ureter resulted in the better functioning of the left kidney, although we cannot be sure in the long run.

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6

Oksay, Taylan, Osman Ergun, Erdem Çapar, and Alim Koşar. "Bilateral Hydronephrosis Secondary to Cystocele." Renal Failure 33, no. 5 (2011): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0886022x.2011.569104.

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7

MIYAZAKI, Eishi, Tomiyasu TSUDA, Atsushi MOCHIZUKI, et al. "Sarcoidosis Presenting as Bilateral Hydronephrosis." Internal Medicine 35, no. 7 (1996): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.35.579.

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8

Schulman, Jacqueline M., and Allan C. Gelber. "Diabetic Cystopathy with Bilateral Hydronephrosis." American Journal of Medicine 131, no. 6 (2018): e255-e256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.12.050.

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9

Jain, Deepika, Smrita Dorairajan, and Madhukar Misra. "Ascites, a New Cause for Bilateral Hydronephrosis: Case Report." Scientific World JOURNAL 9 (2009): 1035–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2009.112.

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Bilateral hydronephrosis secondary to urinary obstruction leads to a buildup of back pressure in the urinary tract and may lead to impairment of renal function. We present a case of a 57-year-old male with a history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, who presented with tense ascites and acute renal failure. Bilateral hydronephrosis was seen on abdominal ultrasound. Multiple large-volume paracenteses resulted in resolution of hydronephrosis and prompt improvement in renal function.

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10

Khasnis, Ravindra G., and Rajshankar S. "A clinical study on management of hydronephrosis detected antenatally." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 2 (2019): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190438.

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Background: It is important to detect and manage hydronephrosis early for improved clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to detect and manage the hydronephrosis which occurs antenatally.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in 20 cases of hydronephrosis in pregnant women as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria laid down for the present study. Patients with mild hydronephrosis were observed. Patients with PUJ obstruction underwent pyeloplasty. Patients with posterior urethral valves underwent cystoscopic dilatation. Patients with VUR were put on prophylactic antibiotic and observed. The patients were followed up post operatively with USG and DTPA scan as indicated.Results: Among the 20 cases with hydronephrosis, majority were males. All cases in terms of side affected were found to be equally distributed. Hydronephrosis was found to be mild in seven (35%) of the cases. Renal dysplasia and bilateral hydronephrosis were found to be the predictors of post natal pathology. Grade 3 and grade 4 were 40% each. There was no persistent case. The most common cause of hydronephrosis was transient hypertension in 5 (33.3%) of the cases.Conclusions: Mild hydronephrosis resolves early and there is no persistence. Renal dysplasia and bilateral hydronephrosis are the important predictors of the post natal hydronephrosis.

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11

Tazi, Mohammed Fadl, Omar Riyach, Youness Ahallal, et al. "Giant Urinary Bladder and Bilateral Giant Hydronephrosis due to Bladder Neck Obstruction: One Case Report and Literature Review." Case Reports in Urology 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/817519.

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Bilateral hydronephrosis secondary to urinary obstruction leads to a buildup of back pressure in the urinary tract and may lead to impairment of renal function. Cases of giant hydronephrosis are rare and usually contain no more than 1-2 litres of fluid in the collecting system. Here, we report a rarely seen case with giant urinary bladder and bilateral giant hydronephrosis due to bladder neck obstruction which contains 4000 mL fluid in the collecting system of the kidney mimicking an ascites in an adult male.

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12

Galosi, Andrea Benedetto, Carlo Grilli Cicilioni, Giulia Sbrollini, Andrea Angelini, Guevar Maselli, and Luciano Carbonari. "Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting as bilateral hydroureteronephrosis: A case report and review of literature." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 86, no. 4 (2014): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2014.4.385.

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We report a case of Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (IAAA) producing bilateral hydro-ureteronephrosis. A 74-year-old patient presented to urologist office for bilateral hydronephrosis detected by kidney and bladder ultrasound (US). Patient reported lower urinary tract symptoms and inconstant and slight low back pain irradiated to inguinal region dating 3 weeks. Renal function, urine analysis and abdominal examination were normal. However the repeated ultrasound in the urologist office revealed abdominal aortic aneurism extended to iliac vessels. The patient was sent directly to vascular surgery unit where contrast computerized tomography (CT) and successful surgical repair were done. Final diagnosis was IAAA. The post-operative course was uneventful. Renal function was regular and the hydronephrosis reduced spontaneously under monitoring by CT and US. We review diagnosis and management of hydronephrosis that is sometimes linked to IAAA rather than standard AAA. Abdominal ultrasound is mandatory in any bilateral hydronephrosis and it could save lives.

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13

Suillot, Joelle, Jürg Bollmann, Samuel Rotman, and Eric Descombes. "Bilateral Ureteral Stenosis with Hydronephrosis as First Manifestation of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis): A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Nephrology 2020 (December 21, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7189497.

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Ureteral stenosis is a rare manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis). We report the case of a 76-year-old woman with progressive renal failure in which bilateral hydronephrosis due to ureteral stenosis was the first manifestation of the disease. Our patient also had renal involvement with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with high titers of anti-proteinase 3 c-ANCAs, but no involvement of the upper or lower respiratory tract. The hydronephrosis and renal function rapidly improved under immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide. We reviewed the literature and found only ten other reported cases of granulomatosis with polyangiitis/Wegener’s granulomatosis and intrinsic ureteral stenosis: in two cases, the presenting clinical manifestation was unilateral hydronephrosis and in only two others was the hydronephrosis bilateral, but this complication developed during a relapse of the disease. This case emphasizes the importance of including ANCA-related vasculitis in the differential diagnosis of unusual cases of unilateral or bilateral ureteral stenosis.

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14

Bădescu, Anca Gabriela, C. Tica, and Larisia Mihai. "Congenital bilateral hydronephrosis diagnosed before birth, associated with vesicoureteral reflux, highlighted by urinary tract infection at the he age of 2 months - case presentation." ARS Medica Tomitana 19, no. 1 (2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsm-2013-0007.

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Abstract Vesicoureteral reflux is characterized by the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys. Vesicoureteral reflux may be associated with urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, and abnormal kidney development (renal dysplasia). Hydronephrosis - literally “water inside the kidney” - refers to distension and dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces, usually caused by obstruction of the free flow of urine from the kidney. Untreated, it leads to progressive atrophy of the kidney. In cases of hydroureteronephrosis, there is distention of both the ureter and the renal pelvis and ureteres. However, in the current era, hydronephrosis that is evident on fetal ultrasonography often heralds a ureteral abnormality. Hydronephrosis is defined as dilatation of the renal pelvis and/or calyces. Vesicoureteral reflux may present before birth as prenatal hydronephrosis, an abnormal widening of the ureter or with a urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis. The authors present a case of bilateral VUR of IVth grade associated with congenital hydronephrosis of IIIrd grade, diagnosed before birth with bilateral hydronephrosis, and taken into evidence at 2 months when he was first diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Positive diagnosis was facilitated by laboratory investigations (urine analysis, urine culture, voiding cystourethrography, static renal scintigraphy).

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15

Begliomini, Helio, and Bruno D. S. Begliomini. "Bilateral hydronephrosis caused by vaginal prolapse." International braz j urol 29, no. 3 (2003): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-55382003000300010.

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16

Kuo, Jinn-Rung, and Kuan-Chi Tu. "Fecaloma causing megacolon and bilateral hydronephrosis." Formosan Journal of Surgery 53, no. 2 (2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/fjs.fjs_58_19.

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17

Choi, Hong Sang, Chang Seong Kim, Eun Hui Bae, Seong Kwon Ma, and Soo Wan Kim. "Bilateral Parapelvic Cyst Misdiagnosed as Hydronephrosis." Chonnam Medical Journal 55, no. 1 (2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2019.55.1.65.

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18

Aziza Bawazier, Lucky. "Asymptomatic Lupus Cystitis with Bilateral Hydronephrosis." Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis 8, no. 3 (2018): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493090.

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Lupus cystitis is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is characterized by an increase in bladder wall thickness and may be associated with hydroureteronephrosis. Reports, mostly from East Asian countries, indicate that lupus cystitis usually presents with gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, or abdominal pain. Lower urinarytract symptoms such as dysuria, nocturia, polyuria, and suprapubic pain are also common presenting symptoms. We report a 22-year-old female patient who presented at Cipto Mangunkusumo Teaching Hospital in Indonesia, with profuse and prolonged vaginal bleeding without any other accompanying symptoms. She had a history of polyarthralgias, fever, bleeding gums, anemia, and thrombocytopenia 3 months earlier. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed bilateral hydronephrosis and a thickened bladder wall; the other organs were normal. Laboratory examination confirmed the diagnosis of SLE complicated by lupus nephritis and lupus cystitis. The patient responded well to the treatment with methylprednisolone. The vaginal bleeding stopped within 2 days, and the laboratory parameters improved. She was discharged on oral methylprednisolone and is scheduled for detailed workup after 1 month.

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19

Davenport, Andrew. "Bilateral hydronephrosis secondary to female circumcision." Kidney International 86, no. 6 (2014): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2014.130.

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20

GIRGIN, CENGIZ, UGUR OZKAN, AKIF SEZER, and NUKHET TUGYAN. "Large pelvic schwannoma causing bilateral hydronephrosis." International Journal of Urology 10, no. 11 (2003): 616–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00702.x.

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21

Restrepo, O. I. "EP10.35: Bilateral fetal hydronephrosis: case report." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 48, S1 (2016): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.16936.

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22

Frech-Dörfler, Martina, Sabrina Durand, Friederike Prüfer, Stefan Holland-Cunz, and Christoph Rudin. "Giant Bilateral Hydronephrosis in A Newborn—A Case Report." Children 9, no. 12 (2022): 1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121890.

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Background: Prenatal hydronephrosis is common and may vary in size. Although mostly unproblematic, it may be a sign of urinary tract obstruction of differing severity. Case Diagnosis/Treatment: We present a boy with prenatally detected bilateral giant hydronephrosis. A prenatal ultrasound showed the whole abdominal cavity of the fetus filled with urine. Kidney parenchyma could not be seen. The boy was born at 34 + 1 weeks’ gestation. After delivery, he showed a severely distended abdomen. Insertion of a nasogastric tube was not possible, and he had to be intubated due to respiratory distress. A bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy was performed immediately. After a few hours, he could be stabilized and extubated. An ultrasound on the following day showed two kidney units with normal kidney parenchyma of normal size. The initially slightly elevated serum creatinine level normalized within one week. An antegrade pyelography via the nephrostomy tubes showed bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Conclusion: Severe bilateral hydronephrosis may be associated with good outcome and well-preserved kidney function. Prenatal counseling should be done carefully, with discussion of different treatment possibilities and without definitive prediction of outcome.

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23

Gando Sari, Nursama Heru, and Darusalam. "TEKNIK PEMERIKSAAN USG GINJAL PADA KLINIS HYDRONEPHROSIS : STUDI KASUS." JRI (Jurnal Radiografer Indonesia) 1, no. 2 (2018): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55451/jri.v1i2.21.

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ABSTRACT Hydronephrosis is a renal swelling due to urine buildup. Symptom of hydronephrosis is according to acute or chronis blockage, partly or all of renal, happened unilateral or bilateral. Blockage happened on urethra causes of illness from uretha distention. Urine can not flow by normally as usually as make new infection which could be stone renal and bleeding on urine. If blockage happened, it causes of failure renal. To evalution hydronephrosis can do by ultrasonografi examination. Keywords : Hydronephrosis, ultrasonografi (USG), renal, uretha.

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24

Moni, Sadeka Choudhury, K. M. Mahbubur Rahman, and Faria Yasmin. "Antenatal Hydronephrosis in a Cohort of 187 Congenital Birth Defects over 2 Years in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh." Paediatric Nephrology Journal of Bangladesh 9, no. 1 (2024): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/pnjb.pnjb_4_24.

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Background: Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is one of the most common birth defects. Postnatal ultrasonogram (USG) evaluation is essential to preserve renal function, prevent urinary infection, and decide surgical management. Objective: This study aims to estimate the frequency of ANH among a cohort of newborns with birth defects, observe maternal and neonatal characteristics in hydronephrotic babies, and perform postnatal radiological evaluation of newborns to observe the anatomical status of the kidney. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective analytical study conducted over 2 years in the Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Inborn and outborn newborns of any gestational age in the postnatal ward or admitted at neonatal intensive care unit BSMMU, with antenatal sonographic diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis of any grade, who completed radiologic evaluation at 1 month of age, were included in the study. The study group was evaluated postnatally by using an USG. The first USG was done 3 days after birth by a radiologist in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, and the second USG was advised for all cases at 1 month of age. Result: The frequency of ANH was 28.3% among the studied cohort. Forty-four of them completed the second USG at 1 month of age. Involvement was bilateral in most (65.9%) of the affected babies, and moderate to severe hydronephrosis outnumbered the mild variety. In follow-up radiology, 43.2% underwent gradual regression. The frequency of postnatal diagnosis of different anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract was ureteropelvic junction obstruction (27.3%), hypoplastic/ dysplastic kidney (9.1%), vesicoureteral reflux (15.9%), pelvic kidney (2.3%), and single kidney (2.3%). Conclusion: A moderate number of ANH cases undergo spontaneous resolution. Permanent or obstructive hydronephrosis is associated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, hypoplastic/dysplastic kidney, vesicoureteral reflux, pelvic kidney, and single kidney.

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25

Gambadauro, Pietro, Matts Olovsson, and Pär Persson. "Unusually rapid growth of bilateral endometriomas and acute bilateral hydronephrosis." Gynecological Endocrinology 27, no. 11 (2011): 948–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2011.569795.

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26

Leib, Michael S., Timothy A. Allen, Linda J. Konde, and Micheal P. Jokinen. "Bilateral hydronephrosis attributable to bilateral ureteral fibrosis in a cat." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 192, no. 6 (1988): 795–97. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1988.192.06.795.

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27

Mutlu, Bircan, Yusuf Ozlem Ilbey, Alper Bitkin, and Ali I˙hsan Tas¸çı. "Abdominoscrotal hydrocele with bilateral hydronephrosis in an adult: Case report." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 85, no. 1 (2013): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2013.1.44.

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Abdominoscrotal hydrocele is a rare entity with unclear etiology which may be diagnosed with general examination and ultrasound imaging. During examination it may misinterpreted as acute urinary retention of the bladder (globe-like) especially if associated with hydronephrosis. It should be treated surgically. Here we present a case of left abdominoscrotal hydrocele with accompanying left grade 2 and right grade 1 hydronephrosis.

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28

Albano, Lilian Maria José, Paula Priscila Ohara Sakae, Marta Maria Galli Bozzo Mataloun, Clea Rodrigues Leone, Débora R. Bertola, and Chong Ae Kim. "Hydronephrosis in Schinzel-Giedion syndrome: an important clue for the diagnosis." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 59, no. 2 (2004): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812004000200008.

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Schinzel-Giedion syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by coarse facies, midface retraction, hypertrichosis, multiple skeletal anomalies, and cardiac and renal malformations. Craniofacial abnormalities of this syndrome sometimes resemble a storage or metabolic disease. The pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown. The objective of this report was to emphasize the importance of congenital bilateral hydronephrosis for the diagnosis of Schinzel-Giedion syndrome. We describe the first Brazilian case of a newborn with typical facies, generalized hypertrichosis, cardiac and skeletal anomalies, and bilateral hydronephrosis detected during pregnancy and confirmed later by abdominal ultrasonography. Chromosomal constitution was normal. Of the 35 cases already reported in the literature, 31 presented hydronephrosis, which is considered an important clue in diagnosis. If Schinzel-Giedion syndrome were indexed as a cause of congenital hydronephrosis, its identification would be greatly facilitated, since the majority of the other findings in Schinzel-Giedion syndrome are nonspecific and common to many genetic syndromes.

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29

Tan, Wei Phin, Thomas Hwang, Robert Medairos, and Dennis A. Pessis. "An Atypical Presentation of Retroperitoneal Fibrosis." Current Urology 10, no. 3 (2016): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447172.

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A 69-year-old man with a psoriatic arthritis treated with infliximab for 1 month presented to the urology clinic for lower urinary tract symptoms. He was found to have a new diagnosis of elevated creatinine. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed bilateral severe hydronephrosis with abnormal soft tissue thickening of the right renal pelvis and proximal ureter. Bilateral stents were placed after ureteroscopy demonstrated no abnormalities. A computed tomography-guided biopsy of the peri-ureteral lesions revealed fibroadipose tissue with sclerosis and extensive chronic inflammation consistent with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Infliximab was discontinued and the patient was started on corticosteroids. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis at 2 months revealed total resolution of soft tissue and inflammation along the proximal ureter bilaterally. Repeat imaging demonstrated no hydronephrosis after stents removal, and the patient's creatinine remains normal at 12 months follow-up.

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AHMED SHAIKH, NISAR, GHULAM SHABIR SHEIKH, SHABIR AHMED LARIK, Muhammad Iqbal, and MALIK Hussain. "GIANT HYDRONEPHROSIS." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 04 (2012): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.04.2279.

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Objective: To study the clinical presentation and management of giant hydronephrosis. Setting: Civil Hospital Dadu andUrology Department SMBBMU Larkana. Period: March 2004 to march 2011. Patients and methods: 28 Patient with giant hydronephrosistreated. 18(64.3%) patients had unilateral and 2(7.1%)had bilateral pelvi ureteric junction obstruction, 4(14.3%) had ureteric stones andremaining 4(14.3%) had multiple renal stones. All patients were treated with definitive surgery ie pyeloplasty, nephroplication, ureterolithotomy,extended pyelolithotomy and nephrectomy. Six (21.4%) patients had elevated blood urea and serum creatinine level so initially treated bypercutaneous nephrostomy and ureteric cathetrization. Result: 10 out of 28 cases of giant hydronephrosis showed improvement in the functionand drainage as well as pelvi-calyceal system dilatation while 18 patients going for nephrectomy. Conclusions: Early referral and interventionis necessary for giant hydronephrosis to prevent infection and deterioration of renal function.

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31

Motofelea, Nadica, Ionela Florica Tamasan, Sonia Aniela Tanasescu, et al. "Complex Management of Bilateral Congenital Hydronephrosis in a Pediatric Patient: A Multidisciplinary Approach." Healthcare 13, no. 9 (2025): 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13090998.

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Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common developmental malformations and a leading cause of pediatric renal dysfunction. Severe hydronephrosis, especially when accompanied by ureteral duplication, ureterocele, or neurogenic bladder, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case report presents a 7-year-old male with prenatally diagnosed bilateral grade IV/V hydronephrosis (according to the radiology hydronephrosis grading system), complicated by the right pyeloureteral duplication, the left ureterocele, and the neurogenic bladder. The patient’s clinical course was marked by recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), progressive renal dysfunction, and multiple surgical interventions. Initial decompression via bilateral ureterostomy and stenting led to significant improvements in renal function. However, the patient experienced recurrent febrile UTIs caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, necessitating repeated hospitalizations and intravenous antibiotic therapy. Serial imaging studies documented persistent hydronephrosis, a neurogenic bladder, and vesicoureteral reflux. Subsequent surgical interventions included bilateral ureteral reimplantation, excision of the left ureterocele, and removal of a fibroepithelial polyp from the bladder wall. Despite these interventions, residual left hydronephrosis and right kidney hypoplasia persisted, underscoring the need for long-term surveillance. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of managing CAKUT and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach integrating imaging, functional assessment, and surgical planning. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can stabilize renal function, but ongoing monitoring and individualized treatment remain crucial for optimizing long-term outcomes in children with complex CAKUT.

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32

Mustajab, Mukarram, Sumayya Sahar, Kainat Mustajab, Waleed Shaukat, and Ajmal Khan. "A Comparative Analysis of Adult Hydronephrosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital: Uncovering Uncommon Etiologies." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 3, no. 2 (2023): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v3i2.197.

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Background: Hydronephrosis, characterized by the swelling of a kidney due to urine buildup, presents varied clinical manifestations and etiologies. Understanding these variations is crucial for effective diagnosis and management. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and associated pathologies of hydronephrosis in a diverse patient population to enhance the understanding and management of this condition. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the surgical ward of Mardan Medical Complex and Teaching Hospital from July 2022 to July 2023. A total of 178 patients were included, with a median age of 38 years, exhibiting a slight female predominance. Non-probability sampling was used for patient selection. Criteria excluded patients with conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or cancer. Data on clinical characteristics, including lateralization, nature of hydronephrosis, and associated pathologies, were collected and analyzed using Chi-square analysis in SPSS version 24. Results: The study found that bilateral hydronephrosis was more prevalent (69%) than unilateral, with a higher incidence of left-sided (62%) involvement. Complete hydronephrosis was observed in 74% of patients, and internal hydronephrosis in 67%. Associated pathologies included urethral strictures (11%) and bladder tumors (2%). The weight distribution varied, with the most common range being 61-70 kg. Conclusion: The study highlighted the diverse presentation of hydronephrosis in adult patients, with a significant prevalence of complete and bilateral cases. These findings underscore the importance of individualized diagnostic and treatment approaches, emphasizing the need for early intervention. The study also calls for further research to understand the regional variations and underlying causes of hydronephrosis.

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33

Ileri, Alper, Zeynep Yasemin Onur, Dogay Nurtac Ozmus, et al. "Intra-operative diagnosis of an adult ureterocele complicated by hydronephrosis: a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 1 (2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205796.

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Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of the terminal ureter. Hydronephrosis is less commonly reported in individuals with ureterocele. We report a unique case of an incidental ureterocele with hydronephrosis in a 47-year-old woman; diagnosed with intraoperative control cystoscopy while performing total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy.

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Fite, Emily, Jennifer Fitzgerald, and Quinn Kistenfeger. "Hydronephrosis Due to Bilateral Tubo-ovarian Abscess." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 4, no. 1 (2020): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2019.10.44568.

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A 27-year-old female presented to the emergency department with fevers, nausea, chills, and non-specific bilateral lower quadrant abdominal pain. A pregnancy test was negative. Computed tomography demonstrated moderate left hydronephrosis secondary to tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). The abscess was so large it distorted local anatomy and compressed the ureters. She was prescribed merepenem and admitted for care by obstetrics/gynecology.

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Stødkilde, Lene, Mia Gebauer Madsen, Johan Palmfeldt, et al. "Urinary proteome analysis in congenital bilateral hydronephrosis." Scandinavian Journal of Urology 47, no. 1 (2012): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.708669.

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Rabah, Fatma, and Dana Al-Nabhani. "Bilateral hydroureters and hydronephrosis in a neonate." Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition 103, no. 1 (2016): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311091.

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Hene, I. Z. "Headache and a syndrome of bilateral hydronephrosis." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 17, no. 8 (2002): 1527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/17.8.1527.

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McCorkell, Scott J., Thomas R. Hefty, and Anthony D. Dowling. "Bilateral Milk-of-Calcium Urine and Hydronephrosis." Journal of Urology 133, no. 1 (1985): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)48793-3.

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Bhalala, Utpal S., Pankaj R. Parekh, and Milind S. Tullu. "Soto’s Syndrome with bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureters." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 69, no. 10 (2002): 913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02723722.

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Crombleholme, Timothy M., Michael R. Harrison, Michael T. Longaker, and Jacob C. Langer. "Prenatal diagnosis and management of bilateral hydronephrosis." Pediatric Nephrology 2, no. 3 (1988): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00858690.

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Lau, Keith K., and Luis H. Braga. "Prolapsing Ureterocele Causing Bilateral Hydronephrosis and Hydroureters." Hong Kong Journal of Nephrology 12, no. 1 (2010): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1561-5413(10)60007-5.

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Barukčić, Mario, and Harry Nikolić. "Congenital Bilateral Hydronephrosis Resulting in Afunctional Kidney." Medicina Fluminensis 59, no. 2 (2023): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/medflum2023_300576.

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Cilj: Prikazati pacijenta s kongenitalnom bilateralnom hidronefrozom i posljedičnim unilateralnim afunkcionalnim bubregom kao jednom od rijetkih razvojnih anomalija urotrakta te ukazati na važnost primjene ultrazvuka sa svrhom ranog otkrivanja i prevencije daljnjih ireverzibilnih oštećenja bubrežnog parenhima. Prikaz slučaja: Muško novorođenče zaprimljeno je na Zavod za intenzivno liječenje i neonatologiju zbog prenatalno dijagnosticirane obostrane hidronefroze u 26. tjednu gestacije. Tijekom boravka u bolnici učinjen je ultrazvuk bubrega koji je pokazao hidronefrozu IV. stupnja desno, s dilatiranim kaliksima i baloniranim pijelonom te blago reduciranim parenhimom. Na očekivanom mjestu lijevog bubrega prikazala se nepravilna, vrećasta formacija u očekivanom području kanalnog sustava, dok se parenhim bubrega nije razaznao. U dobi od jednog mjeseca rađena je dinamička scintigrafija bubrega koja je pokazala usporenu drenažu iz desnog bubrega na području PU ušća. Lijevi se bubreg tijekom pretrage nije prikazao. S obzirom na opisani nalaz, zauzet je konzervativan stav u liječenju ovog pacijenta. Dječak je bio urednog rasta i razvoja. U dobi od dvije godine učinjena je kontrolna scintigrafija koja je ponovno pokazala značajno usporenu spontanu drenažu u području PU ušća, bez poboljšanja nakon aplikacije diuretika. S obzirom na pogoršanje nalaza, pacijent je podvrgnut kirurškom načinu liječenja. Metoda izbora bila je unutrašnja drenaža protezom „double J“. Uslijedilo je ambulantno praćenje parametara bubrežne funkcije. Zaključak: Hidronefroza se može liječiti kirurški, postavljanjem proteze „double J“ i time potencijalno izbjeći invazivnije metode kirurškog liječenja. Međutim, svakom je pacijentu potrebno pristupiti individualno, uzimajući u obzir indikacije i moguće komplikacije.

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Onuigbo, Macaulay A., and Jessica Okrant. "No, It's Not Bilateral Hydronephrosis: It's Pseudohydronephrosis!" Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 34, no. 11S (2023): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.20233411s11056b.

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Ilkun, Olesya, Rama Kethineni, Monique E. Cho, and Josephine Abraham. "Bilateral Hydronephrosis due to Rosai-Dorfman Disease." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 33, no. 11S (2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.20223311s183a.

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Shamsunnahar, Parveen Akhter, Abdul Motaleb, Begum Nasrin, Fawzia Hossain, Sharmeen Mahmood, and Shirin Akhter Begum. "Fetal Hydronephrosis, A Case Report And Review of Literature." Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh 5, no. 1 (2015): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v5i1.23888.

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With the increasing use of antenatal sonography, fetal hydronephrosis has been reported more frequently. Hydronephrosis is one of the most commonly identified prenatal anomalies, and the severity may vary from mild to severe, depending on the underlying cause. Many cases resolve spontaneously before birth, but for those that do not, the additional prenatal evaluation can identify cases sufficiently severe to require fetal intervention to preserve renal function. The benefits of these interventions must be balanced against the significant risks of the procedures and their sequelae in long-term efficacy. Evaluation before and after birth is warranted, and factors such as cause, severity, and whether the condition is uni- or bilateral are used to formulate decisions about additional assessment and potential intervention. Here we report a case of bilateral hydronephrosis which was detected during pregnancy. After delivery right side spontaneously resolves but there was worsening of left hydronephrosis in follow up and He undergoes a left pyeloplasty at 6 months of age and does well post operatively.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 5(1): 36-38, 2014 (January)

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Daryanto, Besut, Tatit Nurseta, and Gusti Ayu Made Pratishita Wisnu. "Prevalence and Survival Rate of Advanced Stage Cervical Cancer Patients with Obstructive Uropathy in a Tertiary Hospital." Journal Of The Indonesian Medical Association 74, no. 2 (2024): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47830/jinma-vol.74.2-2024-1419.

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Introduction: This study aims to determine the prevalence and survival rate of advanced cervical cancer patients with obstructive uropathy based on grade of hydronephrosis, type of hydronephrosis, deobstruction action, type of deobstruction, clinical stage, and cancer cell type.Method: This research is a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional retrospective approach. Samples were obtained from medical records of patients with stage IIIB, IVA and IVB cervical cancer who were treated at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang in 2016–2023. Sampling was carried out using the total sampling method.Result: Of the 171 patients, the majority of patients had stage IIIB cervical cancer (71.9%), moderate (72.5%) and bilateral (90.1%) hydronephrosis were found in the majority of patients. SCC dominated the sample (82.5%) and was followed by ADC (14.6%). Most patients underwent deobstruction (64.3%) with DJ stent insertion being the most common type of deobstruction (84.5%). Patients with stage IVB have a lower survival rate than IIIB and IVA (p>0.05). Patients with SCC had lower survival (3%) than ADC (5%). The average survival rate for the three grades of hydronephrosis was not significantly different (p>0.05). Patients undergoing deobstruction showed a higher survival rate (5%) (p<0.05). DJ stent, PCN, and UCS insertion showed similar survival rates in patients (p>0.05).Conclusion: Stage IIIB cervical cancer, moderate hydronephrosis, bilateral hydronephrosis, and SCC dominated the patients in the study. Patients with stage IVB cervical cancer, SCC, unilateral or severe hydronephrosis have a worse prognosis. The presence of deobstruction indicates a better prognosis and can be performed with PCN, DJ stent insertion, or UCS.

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Kawaguchi, Yoshihiro, Shoichi Kimura, Kosuke Momozono, Tsukasa Igawa, and Masanori Noguchi. "Malignant lymphoma of the bladder with bilateral hydronephrosis." Rare Tumors 11 (January 2019): 203636131882516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2036361318825165.

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Lymphoma of the urinary bladder is uncommon, and upper urinary tract obstruction due to lymphoma is rare. Herein, we report a case of malignant lymphoma of the bladder with bilateral hydronephrosis in a 67-year-old female who presented with oliguria. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated a thickened posterior bladder wall and bilateral hydronephrosis. Whole-body positron emission tomography–computed tomography revealed abnormal accumulation in the right iliac internal lymph nodes. Trans-urethral bladder biopsy led to a histopathological diagnosis of non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell malignant lymphoma of the bladder. After bilateral nephrostomy, the patient was treated with six cycles of combination chemotherapy including rituximab, cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) and two cycles of rituximab alone. Complete remission was maintained during the 3 years of follow-up.

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Akash, John. "Prevalence and aetiology of Hydronephrosis in adults." Life Science Journal of Pakistan 4, no. 2 (2022): 03–07. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7496125.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Hydronephrosis is usually caused by an underlying medical condition or risk occasionally as congenital blockage, unilateral obstructive uropathy, kidney stones, UTIs, tissue scarring, blood clots, neuromuscular problems, Cancer or BPH and pregnancy. This current study was directed to determine the etiological factors and prevalence causes of Hydronephrosis <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>A Retrospective study was conducted at two private health care setups in Gujranwala, Pakistan. After Informed consent data was collected over period of 8 Months Jan 2020 to Sep 2020. Data was analysed on SPSS version 20 frequencies and percentages were mentioned. Aetiological factors of Hydronephrosis were evaluated on ultrasound. <strong>Results:</strong> This study included 213 patients, with those aged 41-50 years (45%) having the highest prevalence of hydronephrosis. Gender Includes 30% females and 70% males. About 86% had Hydronephrosis in Unilateral kidney and 13% in bilateral kidneys. The grading of Hydronephrosis was found as highest in Grade2: 122 (57.3%). The causes of Hydronephrosis were observed on Ultrasound and found most prevalent cases of Calculi 60%, 13% females had Hydronephrosis due to Pregnancy, 8.9% males had Hydronephrosis due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concluded that Renal Calculi are the most prevalent cause of Hydronephrosis followed Pregnancy and BPH.

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GRIGORE, Nicolae, Valentin PIRVUT, Ionela MIHAI, and Adrian HASEGAN. "Comparative Study of Silicone and Polyurethane Nephrostomy Catheters used for long-term Urinary Drainage in Malignancy." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 12, no. 2 (2017): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2017.2.4.

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Despite the modern advancement in endourology, percutaneous nephrostomy play an important role in many urologic conditions, which of the most important is the relief of upper urinary tract in patients with malignancies that interests the ureter or the uretero-vesical junction. The aim of the study is to compare the complications of polyurethane and silicone catheters used for percutaneous nephrostomy in patients with unilateral or bilateral uretero-hydronephrosis secondary to locally advanced abdomino-pelvin malignancies. We have retrospective analyzed 164 patients (p), admitted between January 2013 and December 2016 in Urology Department Sibiu, who benefit from unilateral or bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy for secondary uretero-hydronephrosis with acute renal failure.

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Miura, Kosei, Hiromasa Kurosaki, and Nobuko Utsumi. "Palliative radiation treatment used for multiple purposes in a single irradiation field." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 9 (2021): e244172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-244172.

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In this case report, radiation therapy was performed for bilateral hydronephrosis developed during multiple bone metastases of breast cancer and ileus due to peritoneal dissemination. The patient’s preirradiation creatinine level was 8.2 mg/dL, which decreased by the fourth day after starting irradiation therapy. Creatinine level ultimately decreased to 0.6 mg/dL. Pain due to lumbar spine metastasis alleviated and ileus was resolved, allowing the patient to live at home for approximately 5 weeks. The effect of radiotherapy for bilateral hydronephrosis and gastrointestinal obstruction was rapid and good. Palliative radiation treatment can be used for multiple purposes, and in the present patient, we were able to prolong the vital prognosis.

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