Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bilateral investment treaties (BITs)

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  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Bilateral investment treaties (BITs)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bilateral investment treaties (BITs)"

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Nerdrum, Gunnar. "BITs – Bilateral Investment Treaties." Lov og Rett 48, no. 04 (April 7, 2009): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3061-2009-04-04.

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Khalid, Muhammad, and Tansif Ur Rehman. "Investment Protection Under Bilateral Investment Treaties of Pakistan." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 11, no. 4 (October 2020): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.2020100104.

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This research is carried out to explore the BITs of Pakistan and its effects on bringing much needed foreign investment in Pakistan, which is considered a backbone for the economic development for any country. The research reveals that the BITs entered by Pakistan remained a ceremonial gesture to improve the economic relations of Pakistan with other countries without even analyzing the contents of these treaties. Due to this unawareness at the government level, BITs are becoming more nuisance as they give rise to the international investment disputes at international forums, where Pakistan is exposed to investment claims and the cost of international arbitration. Keeping in view of these aims, this research article highlights the pros and cons of the BITs regime of Pakistan with a hope that in future, a careful analysis may be undertaken before entering into such type of treaties.
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Dewi, Yetty Komalasari, and Arie Afriansyah. "DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES (BITS)." Yuridika 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v34i1.11403.

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In various countries, BITs are not always the same, but most of them contain many commitments or promises to protect the investment and investors of a country ("investors") in the territory of another country ("host country").[1] This protection includes treatment that is fair, equal and not discriminatory in overseeing the implementation of investment agreements and other obligations related to investment. The important thing is, in most cases, this kind of protection is accompanied by a very strong international arbitration mechanism that allows investors to file a lawsuit directly against a host country that is suspected of violating the protection under international law. Capability of investors to "enforce" their rights directly on a country without an arbitration agreement is considered as one of the extraordinary achievements of BIT innovation.
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Hossain, Mohammad Belayet, Asmah Laili Yeon, and Ahmad Shamsul Abdul Aziz. "SOVEREIGNTY, NATIONAL INTEREST AND SECURITY IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES OF MALAYSIA." Journal International Studies 16 (December 30, 2020): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jis2020.16.3.

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At present, the BITs are playing a significant part in regulating foreign direct investment (FDI) in the host countries and like other members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Malaysia have also signed BITs to facilitate trade. Malaysia’s FDI laws and BITs mainly protect foreign investors, however, neither of them has any specific provision on the protection of sovereignty, national interest and security. This paper addresses the question, to what extent are sovereignty, national interest and security protected through BITs during entry of FDI into Malaysia? Using non-doctrinal socio-legal research method, the authors critically analyzed 15 BITs to explore whether they protect the sovereignty, national interest and security of Malaysia. The findings show that the existing Malaysian BITs contain provisions to promote and protect foreign investments but lack specific references to protect sovereignty, national interest and security, therefore, the government should consider these important factors when signing future BITs.
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Kerner, Andrew, and Jane Lawrence. "What's the Risk? Bilateral Investment Treaties, Political Risk and Fixed Capital Accumulation." British Journal of Political Science 44, no. 1 (November 28, 2012): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123412000725.

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This article argues that the political risk associated with foreign direct investment (FDI) is primarily a function of investment in fixed-capital, and not a homogeneous feature of FDI. As such, empirical tests of a political institution's ability to mitigate political risk should focus directly on investments in fixed capital and not on more highly aggregated measures of multinational corporation (MNC) activity, such as FDI flow and stock data that are affected by the accumulation of liquid assets in foreign affiliates. We apply this to the study of bilateral investment treaties (BITs). We find that BITs with the United States correlate positively with investments in fixed capital and have little, if any, correlation with other measures of MNC activity.
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Lu, Yue, Linghui Wu, and Ka Zeng. "Economic Policy Uncertainty, Bilateral Investment Treaties, and Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment." Pacific Affairs 94, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 519–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2021943519.

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This paper examines the effect of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in promoting Chinese outward foreign direct investment (COFDI) in the presence of rising economic policy uncertainty in China's partner countries. We postulate that the signing of BITs should help stimulate COFDI because the treaties send a credible signal to foreign investors about the host country's intent to protect Chinese investment, and make it more difficult for the host country to violate its treaty obligations. BITs that contain rigorous investment protection and liberalization provisions, in particular, should be more likely to encourage COFDI as they directly influence Chinese investors' expectations about the stability, predictability, and security of the host market. However, while BITs generally promote COFDI, host country economic policy uncertainty may also limit their effectiveness. This is because uncertainty tends to undermine investor confidence, trigger capital flows from high- to low-risk countries, and dampen commercial activities. Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation models of the determinants of COFDI to 188 countries between 2003 and 2017 lend substantial support to our conjectures.
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Hobe, Stephan, Rada Popova, Hussaine El Bajjati, and Julian Scheu. "The Protection of Satellite Telecommunications Activities Under Bilateral Investment Treaties." Journal of World Investment & Trade 19, no. 5-6 (October 15, 2018): 1024–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340118.

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Abstract Telecommunications activities are based on the use of the satellite segment which represents the largest sector in the space industry, generating revenues of hundreds of billions of dollars annually and constantly growing. The article seeks to answer the question of whether investments made for the realization of telecommunications activities can enjoy protection under bilateral investment treaties (BITs) by taking into consideration the scope of financial contributions involved, the significant duration of a telecommunications project from planning to operating a satellite in outer space, and the generally inevitable involvement of more than one national legislation for the implementation of the activity. Through investigating the cross-sections and pitch points between international space law and investment law and looking at all phases of satellite-based telecommunications projects, the article demonstrates that investment law can be applied to space activities and that BITs may provide favorable protection standards for investors.
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Páez, Laura. "Bilateral Investment Treaties and Regional Investment Regulation in Africa: Towards a Continental Investment Area?" Journal of World Investment & Trade 18, no. 3 (December 26, 2017): 379–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340046.

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This article addresses the issue of international investment regulation with a bearing on Africa. It reviews the bilateral investment treaties (BITs) which have been signed by African countries and characterizes intra-African BITs. It also discusses regional investment regulation in the continent and its elements for harmonizing the cluttered ‘spaghetti-bowl’ of investment regimes. Based on the findings and the existing regional integration agenda on investment, the article discusses the viability of an African Continental Investment Area as an alternative to the existing investment regime, in favour of more harmonized development that builds on existing institutions and processes.
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Widiatedja, I. Gusti Ngurah Parikesit, and I. Gusti Ngurah Wairocana. "The Lack of the Environmental Concern in Indonesia’s Bilateral Investment Treaties." Hasanuddin Law Review 3, no. 3 (December 26, 2017): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i3.1202.

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In the modern era, Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are relatively effective to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI). Many countries then eagerly concluded BITs, including Indonesia. Considering the adverse impact of FDI on the environment, most countries then start putting the environmental concern in their BITs, assisting them to prevent and mitigate any adverse impact of FDI on the environment. Indonesia, however, did not follow this measure. This paper then shows the lack of the current Indonesia’s BITs in putting the environmental concern in their provisions. The fact that Indonesia has terminated some BITs becomes a right momentum to start putting the environmental concern in the updated and modified Indonesia BITs in the future. From other countries’ practices, there is evidence to suggest that BITs can and do contain provisions aimed at ameliorating environmental damage caused as a result of FDI within host countries’ territories.
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Bhasin, Niti, and Rinku Manocha. "Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Promote FDI Inflows? Evidence from India." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 41, no. 4 (December 2016): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090916666681.

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Executive Summary In view of the catalytic role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in promoting economic development, countries adopt various unilateral as well as bilateral arrangements to create a conducive environment for FDI. One such significant form of arrangement is bilateral investment treaties (BITs). As sizeable cost and resources are involved in treaty formation, it becomes important to examine the potential benefits of BITs for investment and whether such measures actually translate into higher FDI flows. This article employs panel data regression on an augmented gravity model (under both static and dynamic conditions) to identify the determinants of FDI inflows into India with a special focus on the role of BITs. The panel data span over the period 2001–2012 and include the top investing countries in India accounting for around 92 per cent of India’s total FDI inflows. The explanatory variables employed are extended market size, vertical FDI drive, distance, colonial links, common language, political stability, financial openness, and population growth rate. BIT is incorporated as a dummy variable which takes the value 1 if a BIT exists between India and the investing countries in a given year, otherwise 0. The results for both the fixed effects and the two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) model specifications confirm the positive role of BITs in attracting FDI inflows into India. BITs have contributed to rising FDI inflows by providing protection and commitment to foreign investors contemplating investment in India. The model also finds support for other factors facilitating FDI such as the large size of the economy and a more liberal FDI regime. As attracting FDI is an important policy objective of developing countries like India, the results imply that one of the instruments of achieving this objective is for the government to negotiate BITs with countries which are prospective investors. By laying down clear guidelines with respect to investment and widening the scope of investment activities covered under a bilateral agreement, an environment of certainty is created which would facilitate FDI flows.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bilateral investment treaties (BITs)"

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Mutsau, Sharon Chido. "Revisiting Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) in the 21st Century : a Kenyan and South African experience." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4770.

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Magister Legum - LLM
BITs signed prior to the 21st century are problematic. Some countries with BITs signed during this period have since reviewed those BITs and taken action to address the disadvantages the BITs held for the host nation or have either resorted to eradicating some of their BITs. In particular, developing countries that signed BITs with developed nations seem to be disproportionately disadvantaged in these agreements. This thesis highlights Kenya‟s current BIT situation and compares it in light of another developing country, South Africa, with regards to its BIT experience. Given that South Africa has undergone an extensive BIT review process and moves to change some of these BITs, this thesis compares and contrasts the Kenyan and South African experience. The study highlights the possible lessons that could be learnt from the South African BIT review experience and provides recommendations for the Kenyan government regarding its outdated BITs. The lessons and recommendations benefit not only Kenya but also other countries that are still to review their BITs as it adds to the literature on why it is important for countries with such BITs to revisit them and how best they can go about the review mechanism. In addition, the study is also significant in that it raises awareness of the use and effects of BITs, thereby enabling countries that enter into such agreements to make informed decisions.
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Aljasim, Hesham. "Cryptocurrencies as Protected Invesments Under BITs : Is there a BIT of coin Protection?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443426.

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This research paper addresses the issue whether cryptocurrencies are protected investments under  bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Through BITs a host state has a responsibility to protect the investments of the nationals of the other contracting state to the treaty. This governing relationship however may introduce several requirements for an investment to comply with, such as territorial links, the use of language under BITs compliance requirements. With this, cryptocurrencies being a new of age asset class may find several future hurdles in qualifying as an investment under BITs. Especially with the on-going confusion on an international scale in regulating and defining cryptocurrencies.  In determining the afore-mentioned requirements, this research paper first identified a cryptocurrency and a comparison was first made in regards to money. Then, the research paper proceeded in comparing a cryptocurrency with the characteristics of digital assets. Followed by a general approach to the meaning of investment and an analysis to the definition of investment through past approaches taken by arbitral tribunals. Therefore, finally leading in deciding whether cryptocurrencies will qualify as an investment under BITs.
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Baasi, Mamongonyo. "An analysis of expropriation protection mechanism in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) within the context of permanent sovereignty over natural resources." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60071.

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Ceyssens, Jan, and Nicola Sekler. "Bilaterale Investitionsabkommen (BITs) der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Auswirkungen auf wirtschaftliche, soziale und ökologische Regulierung in Zielländern und Modelle zur Verankerung der Verantwortung transnationaler Unternehmen." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/612/.

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Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen der von Deutschland geschlossenen bilateralen Investitionsschutzverträge (Bilateral Investment Treaties, BITs) auf die wirtschaftliche, soziale und ökologische Regulierung von ausländischen Investitionen. Die Analyse der 137 deutschen BITs sowie die Auswertung relevanter Schiedsgerichtsentscheidungen hat folgende zentrale Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Einschränkung staatlicher Regulierungsmöglichkeiten ergeben:

Aufgrund eines breiten Enteignungsbegriffs kann eine umweltpolitische Regulierung, die wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen auf ausländische Investoren hat, eine Verpflichtung zur Entschädigung nach sich ziehen, denn den deutschen BITs ist nicht klar zu entnehmen, dass staatliche Regulierung im Regelfall nicht als Enteignung gelten sollte.

Empirisch kann weder eine Verbindung zwischen dem Abschluss von BITs und einem Anstieg des Investitionsvolumens noch ein Automatismus zwischen dem Zufluss von privatem Kapital und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung hergestellt werden. Im Gegenteil sind sogar staatliche Maßnahmen, die für kapitalimportierende Länder eine Möglichkeit wären, den wirtschaftlichen Nutzen von ausländischen Investitionen zu erhöhen, durch Regelungen in den BITs untersagt. Problematisch im Bereich geistiges Eigentum ist, dass Rechtsinhaber vor einem internationalen Schiedsgericht Entschädigung einklagen können, wenn staatliche Regulierung im öffentlichen Interesse zu einem enteignungsgleichen Eingriff führt.

Dienstleistungen unterliegen aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften besonders stark der staatlichen Regulierung, so dass auch hier Konflikte bezüglich des Enteignungsschutzes und des Grundsatzes der gerechten und billigen Behandlung entstehen. Bei der Beteiligung privater Unternehmen in der Daseinsvorsorge ist problematisch, dass jede Verletzung vertraglicher Zusicherungen durch den Gaststaat aufgrund der Abschirmungsklausel als Verstoß gegen die deutschen BITs gilt. Damit erschweren die Verträge, die häufig über lange Zeiträume geschlossen sind, Reaktionen staatlicher Stellen auf neu auftretende Regulierungsbedürfnisse.

Im Bereich des Arbeitnehmerschutzes und der Sozialpolitik kann in bestimmten Konstellationen die Verschärfung von Arbeitsstandards gegen die Abschirmungsklausel verstoßen oder die Umverteilung von Land ohne volle Entschädigung mit dem Enteignungsschutz in Konflikt geraten. Bei der Besteuerung ausländischer Investoren können insbesondere Widersprüchlichkeiten im Steuerrecht, die sich zuungunsten ausländischer Investoren auswirken, als Verstoß gegen den Grundsatz der Inländerbehandlung interpretiert werden, selbst wenn ihnen keine protektionistische Intention zugrunde liegt.

Auch das Investor-to-State Verfahren trägt dazu bei, dass der Ausgleich zwischen Investitionsschutz und legitimen staatlichen Regulierungsinteressen teilweise nur unzureichend gelingt. Das liegt unter anderem an seiner Nichtöffentlichkeit, der fragmentarischen Natur der Entscheidungen und der fehlenden Nähe der Schiedsgerichte zu den tatsächlichen und rechtlichen Hintergründen der Streitigkeiten.

Als Konsequenz aus den genannten Problembereichen werden Reformvorschläge für deutsche bilaterale Investitionsabkommen als ein erster Schritt zur Schaffung eines Gleichgewichts zwischen Investorenrechten und Investorenpflichten entwickelt. Durch eine Reform sollten den Gaststaaten größere Handlungsspielräume eröffnet und ihre Flexibilität erhöht werden, um den ökonomischen Nutzen ausländischer Investitionen für Entwicklungsländer zu steigern und allen Ländern eine Regulierung von Investitionen im öffentlichen Interesse zu ermöglichen.
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Siqueira, Marcelo Gustavo Silva. "Direito do investimento e inovação tecnológica: o histórico regulatório da transferência de tecnologia no Brasil em face das cláusulas de proteção dos acordos bilaterais de investimentos (BITs)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5767.

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A regulação direta ou indireta da transferência de tecnologia pelo Brasil desde o final da década de 50 do século XX nem sempre foi devidamente compreendida. O uso da tributação, com efeitos fiscais e extrafiscais, teve reflexos sobre a atuação do INPI e do Banco Centra do Brasil (BACEN) que permanecem até os dias de hoje, mas tinham como fundamento uma política industrial específica e a limitação dos seus efeitos no balanço de pagamentos do país. O Brasil nunca se fechou totalmente aos investidores estrangeiros, mas sempre utilizou limitações setoriais, posteriormente o registro do ingresso do capital estrangeiro e, por muito tempo, o desincentivo à sua saída por medidas limitadoras ou proibitivas de remessas de dividendos e royalties, até mesmo com o uso da extrafiscalidade. Como o país apenas recentemente realmente prioriza de forma geral a pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) tecnológico, o que resulta em pouca tecnologia gerada internamente, os royalties devidos pelo uso da tecnologia das empresas transnacionais sempre foram objeto de crítica e, consequentemente, medidas limitadoras. Essa atuação regulatória representa um risco político aos investidores, com os acordos bilaterais de investimentos (BITs) sendo os tratados internacionais mais utilizados para afastá-lo. O Brasil, porém, apesar de ter assinado diversos deles, não possui nenhum em vigor. O confronto entre as cláusulas de proteção dos BITs e a política regulatória sobre a transferência de tecnologia e investimento estrangeiro que durante muito tempo vigorou no país representa um caso concreto extremamente interessante para avaliar a aplicação desses tratados e eventuais medidas que os violam, auxiliando, ainda, a compreensão de algumas das medidas regulatórias que permanecem em vigor.
The direct or indirect regulation of technology transfer in Brazil since the late 50s of the twentieth century was not always properly understood. The use of taxation, with fiscal and regulatory purposes, had an impact on the performance of the Brazilian PTO and the Central Bank of Brazil, which remains to this day, but was based on a specific industrial policy and the limitation of its effects on the balance of payments of the country. Brazil never completely closed its market to foreign investors, always using sectoral limitations, then the registration of foreign capital and for a long time the disincentive of its return by limiting or prohibiting profit and royalty remittances, even with the use of regulatory taxes. As the country only recently generally prioritizes technological research and development (R&D), resulting in low technology internally generated, the royalties due for the use of transnational corporations technology has always been an object of criticism and regulatory norms. This regulatory policy is a political risk to investors, with the bilateral investment agreements (BITs) being the international treaties most often used to circumvent it. Brazil, however, despite having signed several of them, has no one in force. The confrontation between the protection clauses of BITs and the regulatory policy on technology transfer and foreign investment that has long prevailed in the country represents an extremely interesting case to evaluate the implementation of these treaties and any measures that violate them, also helping to understand some of the regulatory measures that remain in force
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Grace, Okhomina Esohe. "The quest for a multilateral agreement on investment (MAI): relevance and effects on developing African countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8286_1182225035.

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Foreign Direct investment (FDI) has been recognized as a vital source of development for African countries, which are mainly capital importing countries. This has led to a quest for effective regulation of the activities of foreign investors in a country while considering the profit making goals of the investors as well. As there is a need to strike a balance between the need to regulate entry and activities of investors and reaping the immense benefits of FDI such as growth and development. The regulation of FDI thus becomes important. However, there is no universal multilateral agreement on Investment (MAI) that binds most states oft the world. What we have is attempts at regional levels to regulate Investment uniformly. This quest has led to debates with many developing countries (Africa Inclusive) resisting attempts to formulate a MAI. This paper will start with an introduction of the importance of FDI as well as the various attempts that have been made to regulate FID on a multilateral level. Then the paper will go on to examine two Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) Botswana-China BIT on Promotion and Protection of Investments 2000,Czech-Tunisia BIT for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investment 1997, and two Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) - Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 1990 and the investment provisions of the U.S &ndash
Morocco Free Trade Agreement 2004, to identify those trends that are common to these agreements that have been entered into by African countries. It will examine these provisions in line with the rights and obligations they create for the investors as well as the host countries.

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Mistura, Fernando Luiz Napolitano de Godoy. "The promotion of outward foreign direct investment: a comparative analysis of Bric countries." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8653.

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This dissertation has sought to identify the role of BRIC country governments in the internationalization of their firms. Drawing upon an exploratory comparative analysis of BRIC OFDI trends and policies, it contributes to further an initial understanding of this phenomenon by shedding light on how and why BRIC governments have been promoting their multinationals. For this, it analysed specific OFDI-related policies implemented by BRIC countries as a way of highlighting policy-gaps and the effects of institutional set-ups in the development of internationalized companies. The rapid rise of MNCs from BRIC countries is quite a recent phenomenon. Although they had invested abroad before, only since the early 2000s OFDI by BRIC MNCs has become substantial. BRIC MNCs are becoming major players in many industries, taking-over competitors in both developed and developing countries, and reshaping competition in many industries. In this process, BRIC governments have played an important role. While until the early 1990s, BRIC governments restricted OFDI because of a negative perspective on its effects on home economies (e.g., reduction in investments at home, exports of jobs, and constraints to the balance-of-payments), in the 2000s their perception of OFDI changed. They have become more aware of the importance of OFDI for the competitiveness of their firms and industrial upgrade. While China, and to a lesser extent India, are one step further, having already put in place a comprehensive set of specific OFDI promoting policies, Brazil and Russia have yet to take further steps in order to create an enabling environment for their companies to fully exploit the advantages of global expansion
Esta dissertação procurou identificar o papel dos governos na internacionalização produtiva de empresas dos países BRIC. Por meio de uma análise comparativa do comportamento dos investimentos diretos no exterior (IDE) destes países e dos mecanismos existentes de suporte à internacionalização das empresas, foi possível identificar as diferentes maneiras de envolvimento desses governos na internacionalização produtiva de suas empresas e apontar lacunas de políticas públicas nestes países. Destarte, esta dissertação contribui à compreensão inicial sobre como e por que os governos destes países têm promovido o desenvolvimento de multinacionais. A rápida ascensão das multinacionais dos países BRIC é um fenômeno recente. Apesar de terem investido no exterior anteriormente, apenas a partir do início dos anos 2000 que o IDE de empresas destes países tornou-se significativo. Desde então, as multinacionais dos países BRIC estão se tornando importantes players em diversas indústrias, adquirindo competidores de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, e redesenhando a concorrência em muitas indústrias globais. Neste processo, os governos dos países BRIC têm desempenhado um papel importante. Até o início dos anos 1990, o IDE era restringido porque era associado a efeitos negativos sobre as economias domésticas (como por exemplo, à redução de investimentos no país de origem, à exportação de empregos, e a problemas na balança de pagamentos). Desde o início dos anos 2000, entretanto, os governos dos países BRIC mudaram de percepção e passaram a adotar políticas favoráveis à internacionalização produtiva de empresas domésticas. Eles perceberam a importância da internacionalização para a manutenção ou expansão da competitividade das empresas domésticas em um mundo globalizado. A China, e em menor grau a Índia, estão um passo adiante, tendo já posto em prática um conjunto de instrumentos específicos que facilitam a internacionalização de suas empresas. O Brasil e a Rússia ainda têm de tomar novas medidas para criar um ambiente propício para que suas empresas possam mais facilmente explorar as vantagens da expansão global.
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Genest, Alexandre. "Performance Requirement Prohibitions in International Investment Law." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37013.

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Performance requirements act as policy instruments for achieving broadly-defined economic and developmental objectives of States, especially industrial and technological development objectives. Many States consider that performance requirements distort trade and investment flows, negatively impact global and national welfare and disrupt investment decisions compared to business-as-usual scenarios. As a result, a number of States have committed to prohibiting performance requirements in international investment agreements (“IIAs.”). Performance requirement prohibitions (“PRPs”) are meant to eliminate trade-distorting performance requirements and performance requirements which replace investor decision-making by State decision-making. This thesis focuses on providing answers to two research questions: first, how do States prohibit performance requirements in IIAs? And second, how should PRPs in IIAs be interpreted and applied? For the first time, this thesis: proposes a comprehensive understanding of PRPs in IIAs by drawing notably on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (“GATT”) Uruguay Round of negotiations and on the United States Bilateral Investment Treaty (“BIT”) Programme; develops a detailed typology and analysis of PRPs in IIAs through the identification of systematically reproduced drafting patterns; conducts the first critical and in-depth analysis of all arbitral awards which have decided claims based on PRPs in IIAs; analyses interpretation and application issues related to provisions that exempt government procurement from PRPs and to reservations that shield sensitive non-conforming measures or strategically important sectors from PRPs; and anticipates the application of most-favoured nation (“MFN”) treatment clauses to PRPs in the future. Finally, this thesis formulates proposals that can help interpret and apply existing PRPs and draft future PRPs in a more deliberate and informed way.
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9

Eichler, Stefan, and Jannik A. Nauerth. "Bilateral investment treaties and sovereign default risk." Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75267.

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This paper analyzes the impact of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) on sovereign bond returns of 25 emerging markets from 1993 to 2016. Under a BIT, foreign investors can use an international arbitration scheme to enforce compensation claims against the domestic government in case of direct or indirect expropriation. We focus on the so far unexplored effects of legal risk associated with BITs on sovereign creditworthiness. We find small unconditional effects of BITs on sovereign bond returns. Taking the heterogeneity of BITs and political regimes into account, we find robust and strong negative effects. In countries with high political risk of expropriation (measured by low executive constraints), we find that the implementation of investor-friendly BITs is associated with a significantly negative impact on sovereign bond returns, accounting for roughly 15% of bond returns’ standard deviation.
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10

Al-Louzi, Rawan. "A coherence perspective of bilateral investment treaties." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-coherence-perspective-of-bilateral-investment-treaties(289a0e95-5cd3-404b-90c3-c6870cc8d487).html.

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Foreign investment is mainly protected through national laws. However the wide-spreading network of bilateral investment treaties aims to ensure a certain standard of protection. These treaties demonstrate far-reaching implications at both treaty level and international level. The implications raise an important question as to whether bilateral investment treaties are coherent or not. Coherence can be viewed as an attempt to prettify the law and minimise the effect of politics which may leave the law incoherent. It is obvious that bilateral investment treaties need to be coherent for a number of reasons. Firstly, incoherent treaties may create problems in relation to the development policy of member countries. Secondly, coherence reassures that negotiators of such treaties would not encounter possible contradictions and inconsistencies amongst the countries’ agreement network as well as between the treaties and domestic laws. Thirdly, coherence is critical to treaty interpretation as it is necessary to avoid further complications which may arise from contradictory awards. The aim of this thesis is mainly to elucidate the meaning of coherence and use it to provide an understanding as to how coherent these treaties are. The coherence of bilateral investment treaties will be evaluated in a number of aspects: coherence between bilateral investment treaties and the fundamental principles of international investment law; coherence between bilateral investment treaties and their objectives of investment promotion and investment liberalisation; coherence within the bilateral investment treaties network; coherence between bilateral investment treaties and customary international law on foreign investment; coherence between bilateral investment treaties and free trade agreements; coherence between bilateral investment treaties’ obligations and non-investment obligations of states.
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Books on the topic "Bilateral investment treaties (BITs)"

1

Hallward-Driemeier, Mary. Do bilateral investment treaties attract foreign direct investment?: Only a bit ... and they could bite. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Margrete, Stevens, and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes., eds. Bilateral investment treaties. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1995.

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Bilateral investment treaties: History, policy, interpretation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Vandevelde, Kenneth J. Bilateral investment treaties: History, policy, and interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Sasse, Jan Peter. An Economic Analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6185-3.

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Sasse, Jan Peter. An Economic Analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag / Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2011.

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Borjas, José Antonio Muci. El derecho administrativo global y los tratados bilaterales de inversión (BITs). Caracas: Editorial Jurídica Venezolana, 2007.

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Blonigen, Bruce A. Do bilateral tax treaties promote foreign direct investment? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Shuang bian tou zi tiao yue yu Zhongguo neng yuan tou zi an quan: Bilateral investment treaty and protection on energy investment of China. Shanghai Shi: Fu dan da xue chu ban she, 2012.

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Daniels, Ronald J. Defecting on development: Bilateral investment treaties and the subversion of the rule of law in the developing world. [Toronto]: University of Toronto, Faculty of Law, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bilateral investment treaties (BITs)"

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Sasse, Jan Peter. "BITs and Transparency." In An Economic Analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 177–98. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6185-3_7.

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Sasse, Jan Peter. "The Economics of BITs." In An Economic Analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 67–123. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6185-3_4.

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Sasse, Jan Peter. "BITs and Institutional Competition." In An Economic Analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 124–54. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6185-3_5.

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Sasse, Jan Peter. "BITs and Institutional Quality." In An Economic Analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 155–76. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6185-3_6.

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Ziegler, Andreas R. "The Nascent International Law on Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) Clauses in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2010, 77–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78883-6_4.

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Cristani, Federica. "The Role of Sub-Regional Systems in Shaping International Investment Law-Making: The Case of the Visegrád Group." In Public Actors in International Investment Law, 135–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_8.

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AbstractThe present chapter focuses on the role of the Visegrád group (or V4, comprising Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic) in international investment law-making. The chapter starts with a brief overview of the V4 group as a sub-regional system in Europe, including its modus operandi and main achievements in the field of economic cooperation. Subsequently, it turns to the regulation of foreign direct investment (FDI), both at the level of each V4 state and at EU level—with particular regard to the implication of the EU’s exclusive competence on FDI. Special attention is paid to the approach of the V4 countries towards the question of termination of intra-EU bilateral investment treaties (BITs)—including an overview of the related objections to jurisdiction that the four countries have raised over the years in investor-state arbitrations based on intra-EU BITs—and to the relationship of the V4 group with non-EU countries—especially with (selected) East Asian countries. The main question is whether—and to what extent—the V4 group as a sub-regional system has a role to play in international investment law-making. The chapter highlights the proactive and advocacy role that the V4 group has traditionally played in manifold subject-matters, including the promotion and protection of FDI, and supports the positive “soft power” the V4 may exercise in this respect.
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Wang, Heng, and Lu Wang. "China’s Bilateral Investment Treaties." In Handbook of International Investment Law and Policy, 1–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5744-2_37-1.

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Wang, Heng, and Lu Wang. "China’s Bilateral Investment Treaties." In Handbook of International Investment Law and Policy, 2375–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3615-7_37.

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Leal-Arcas, R., and V. Nalule. "Multilateral and Bilateral Energy Investment Treaties." In Handbook of International Investment Law and Policy, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5744-2_32-1.

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Leal-Arcas, R., and V. Nalule. "Multilateral and Bilateral Energy Investment Treaties." In Handbook of International Investment Law and Policy, 2115–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3615-7_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bilateral investment treaties (BITs)"

1

Elfakharani, Ashraf. "Are Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) a Safe Haven to Multinational Companies (MNCs)?" In ISSC 2016 International Conference on Soft Science. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.08.34.

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G., Adinda Balqis Tegarmas, and Derry Krisna Susanto. "Implication of Bilateral Investment Treaties on Sustainable Development: Indonesia Mining." In Airlangga Conference on International Relations. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010273400790085.

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Ağaoğlu, Cahit. "Problems of Turkish and Foreign Construction Companies on the Fidic Arbitration Rules." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01954.

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FIDIC rules are generally accepted as standard contract for construction projects in international commercial practice. Disputes arising from standard agreements are often referred to as international arbitration rules. However, at the beginning of the difficulties encountered in the arbitration proceedings under the FIDIC Rules at the international arbitration institutions, the question is whether the engineer is impartial. On the other hand, the fact that the Dispute Adjudication Board (DAB) has been used effectively is also an important issue. It has been revealed through the case-law that the adoption of the FIDIC Rules by the domestic laws of the parties has not yet reached the desired stage. Aside from the fact that arbitral awards are confronted with public authority during the enforcement phase, there are also difficulties of parallel proceedings that national courts have resorted to legal proceedings although there is an agreement involving arbitration clauses. The protection of the investor, the equitable treatment of the investor and the protection against expropriation are all on the agenda and a direct link can be established between FIDIC and Bilateral Investment Treaties.
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Reports on the topic "Bilateral investment treaties (BITs)"

1

Blonigen, Bruce, and Ronald Davies. Do Bilateral Tax Treaties Promote Foreign Direct Investment? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8834.

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