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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bilateral Loans

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bilateral Loans'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bilateral Loans"

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Sarlina, Yunik Eva. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN LOANS IN DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HIGHWAYS MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 2, no. 2 (2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.26585.

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Provision of road infrastructure does, efficiently and effectively, have an effect on economy increase in a region. The limitedability of the government in the provision of funding for the road infrastructure requires the handling on the organizers of theroads, it also needs efforts to look for funding resources outside the APBN as a resource of funds for foreign loans. This studyaims to know the process of foreign loans, the characteristics of each foreign loan, and the loan implementation performance inDirectorate General of Highways, Ministry of Public Works. The research was using the qual

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Kinne, Brandon J., and Jonas B. Bunte. "Guns or Money? Defense Co-operation and Bilateral Lending as Coevolving Networks." British Journal of Political Science 50, no. 3 (2018): 1067–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123418000030.

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AbstractHow are defense co-operation and economic co-operation related? To answer this question, this article analyzes the coevolution of defense co-operation agreements (DCAs) and government-to-government loans. It argues that governments pursue two distinct sets of interests. At the bilateral level, governments use issue linkages and side payments to encourage spillover from defense co-operation to economic co-operation, and vice versa. That is, governments’ bilateral interests in DCAs and loans are largely complementary. However, at the network level, interests may diverge. Specifically, go

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Odedokun, Matthew. "Multilateral and Bilateral Loans versus Grants: Issues and Evidence." World Economy 27, no. 2 (2004): 239–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2004.00598.x.

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Schneider, Christina J., and Jennifer L. Tobin. "The Political Economy of Bilateral Bailouts." International Organization 74, no. 1 (2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818319000389.

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AbstractIMF loans during times of financial crisis often occur in conjunction with bilateral financial rescues. These bilateral bailouts are substantial in size and a central component of international cooperation during financial crises. We analyze the political economy of bilateral bailouts and study the trade-offs that potential creditor governments experience when other countries find themselves in financial distress. Creditor governments want to stabilize crisis countries by providing additional liquidity, particularly if the crisis country is economically or politically important to them

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Fotak, Veljko, Haekwon Lee, and William Megginson. "A BIT of investor protection: How Bilateral Investment Treaties impact the terms of syndicated loans." Journal of Banking & Finance 102 (May 2019): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.01.014.

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Luo, Gangqiang, and Qin Wang. "Developers' Competition Behaviour of Land Reserve in Assembled Buildings Development: Based on Game Analysis Framework." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 04044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913604044.

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Based on the perspective of game theory, this paper studies the land reserve competition behaviour of developers in assembled buildings development. This paper studies in detail the land price decision in the unilateral equilibrium model of land market, the lending strategy of commercial bank executives under the banking supervision system, the bank credit demand of developers hoarding land, and the bilateral equilibrium model of credit-land market under the loan game of bank executives. The results show that the equilibrium price of land is positively correlated with the number of developers,

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Petrikova, Ivica. "Aid for food security: does it work?" International Journal of Development Issues 14, no. 1 (2015): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-07-2014-0058.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to existing literature by examining whether development aid has any measurable impact on food security, whether the impact is conditioned on the quality of governance and whether it differs based on the type of aid provided. Design/methodology/approach – Panel-data analysis of 85 developing countries between 1994 and 2011, using generalized method of moments and two-stage least squares estimators. Findings – The paper finds that aid in general has a small positive impact on food security; that multilateral aid, grants and social and economic

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Panda, Jagannath P. "Institutionalizing the African Reach: Reviewing China’s and India’s Multilateral Drives." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 6 (2016): 853–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615622348.

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China and India have for quite some time been participants in African politics and have employed persuasive strategies to make their presence felt in that continent. The main objective of their current participation and presence in Africa is to exploit energy resources and establish greater political connections there. The Chinese strategy is to be generous with loans and financial aid; the Indian strategy has been to employ populist and democratic measures, highlighting its historical and cultural connections with Africa. Pursuing stronger bilateral relations with African countries has been t

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Nieto, Maria J. "Banks, climate risk and financial stability." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 27, no. 2 (2019): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-03-2018-0043.

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Purpose This paper aims to quantify the (syndicated) loan exposure to elevated environmental risk sectors of the banking system in the USA, EU, China, Japan and Switzerland at US$1.6tn and to highlight its importance, which ranges from 3.8 (USA) to 0.5 per cent (China) in terms of total national banking assets. The paper highlights the relevance of exploring prudential policy responses, including a harmonized taxonomy, statistical and reporting framework that could contribute to internalizing the negative externalities associated with climate risks by both banks and their supervisors. Among th

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Kamakia, Antony, Shi Guoqing, Mohammad Zaman, and Zhou Junbi. "Financing for Development and Socio-Ecological Transitions: A Review of Chinese Investments in Kenya." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 7, no. 2 (2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v7i2.12561.

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Kenya has adopted a comprehensive development path to accelerate and create suitable conditions for sustainable development as outlined in the “Vision 2030.” A key strategy is the catalytic role of bilateral loans and finances which have increased in manifolds over the years. However, a growing and critical discourse has emerged about the social-ecological sustainability in the Chinese-financed development projects, within the context of China-Africa engagement policy. China is playing significant role in the economic growth of developing countries and in particular, critical investments in pr

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bilateral Loans"

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Brekkan, Mari Boie. "Japan ends its yen loans to China : a study of the role of ODA in the bilateral relationship /." Oslo : Department of Cultural Studies and Oriental Languages, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/IKOS/2007/67558/oppgave.pdf.

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Baptista, Henrique Maria Bruges Oliveira Ferreirinha. "Operações de venda de NPLs : uma visão geral ao abrigo do regime jurídico português." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/33862.

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As operações de venda de portfólios de NPL têm despenhado um papel fundamental nas atividades de desalavancagem dos bancos europeus, com o volume de carteiras transacionadas durante o ano de 2019 a atingir o valor de 102.4 mil milhões de euros na Europa. Embora as instituições de crédito disponham frequentemente de carteiras de NPL através de estruturas de venda bilateral, nos últimos anos tem-se registado um número cada vez maior de operações de titularização neste mercado. Tanto a venda direta de carteiras como a titularização têm características semelhantes e servem propósitos idênticos. N

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Mahembe, Edmore. "Development aid and its impact on poverty reduction in developing countries : a dynamic panel data approach." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26490.

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Foreign aid has been used on the one hand by donors as an important international relations policy tool and on the other hand by developing countries as a source of funds for development. Since its inception in the 1940s, foreign aid has been one of the most researched topics in development economics. This study adds to this growing aid effectiveness literature, with a particular focus on the under-researched relationship between foreign aid and extreme poverty. The main empirical assessment is based on a sample of 120 developing countries from 1981 to 2013. The study had two main object

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Books on the topic "Bilateral Loans"

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David W, Rivkin, and Friedman Mark W. 5 Financial Products as Investments under Bilateral Investment Treaties and Other Multilateral Instruments with Consents to Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199687862.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses the status of financial products as qualifying investments under bilateral and multilateral treaties that contain protections for foreign investment, including the signatory States' consent to submit investor-State disputes to international arbitration. It first describes how an investor and a State consent to proceed to arbitration under such a treaty. Second, it discusses how a qualifying investment is generally defined for purposes of investor-State treaty arbitration. Third, it addresses significant treaty and case law developments relating specifically to financial

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Book chapters on the topic "Bilateral Loans"

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Morrissey, W. Oliver. "Bilateral Aid to Africa and Structural Adjustment Loans: Conflict or Consistency?" In Policy Adjustment in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12042-0_7.

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Bunte, Jonas B. "Governments’ Borrowing Decisions across the Developing World." In Raise the Debt. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866167.003.0009.

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Societal coalition shape governments’ borrowing decisions across the developing world. The analyses use a compositional data model to estimate the effect of societal coalitions on the share of loans obtained from four types of creditors. The results indicate that borrowing portfolios differ significantly across coalitions: Corporatist Coalitions rely primarily on BRIC loans, Capital Coalitions on private creditors, Consumer Coalitions on bilateral loans from Western governments. These differences remain significant after controlling for economic factors (recipient GDP, current account, existing debt levels, trade, and natural resources) and political considerations (democracies versus autocracies, type of electoral system, or government ideology). Furthermore, the results are robust to analyzing China separately from Brazil, India, and Russia, as well as when combining Western bilateral with multilateral loans. The evidence strongly supports the argument that developing countries make choices among competing loan offers.

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Bunte, Jonas B. "Peru." In Raise the Debt. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866167.003.0006.

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A Consumer Coalition characterizes Peru. Labor and domestic Finance dominate the political landscape, while domestic Industry is relatively weak as a result of the economic crisis in the 1990s. Interviews reveal that both Labor and Finance prefer bilateral loans from Western governments. While Labor is less enthusiastic about private creditors than Finance, recent experiences with hyperinflation resulted in congruent preferences regarding this creditor as well. Qualitative evidence shows that Peruvian politicians are acutely aware of the need to satisfy the demands by local banks as well as the general population. Interviews suggest that politicians have much influence over the process of making borrowing decisions, allowing them to significantly shape the borrowing strategy. As a result, Peru relies more on bilateral loans from Western governments than its neighboring countries. It also uses private creditors, while loan offers by the Chinese government are rejected.

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Aguilar, Benjamin, Ajit Jain, and Kevin Neaves. "Short-Term Funding and Financing Alternatives." In Debt Markets and Investments. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877439.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses the different types of short-term funding and financing alternatives that are available in the commercial money and capital markets. First, it covers commercial paper market activity, issue maturity, and quality. Second, the chapter addresses common uses and terms for commercial and standby letters of credit as well as common issuing requirements and covenants, and discusses the parties, processes, and risks involved. Third, it covers bilateral and trilateral repurchase agreements. Fourth, the chapter discusses asset-based loans, including accounts receivable factoring and purchase order financing. Finally, it covers revolving credit facilities and their associated costs. In sum, short-term funding is important for borrowers seeking additional liquidity to finance working capital or other short-term investments. For each type of short-term funding alternative, the chapter discusses the expected return and potential risks that the borrower and lender should evaluate before entering the financial transaction.

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Das, Rituparna. "A Game Theoretic Approach to Corporate Lending by the Banks in India." In Economic Behavior, Game Theory, and Technology in Emerging Markets. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4745-9.ch015.

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A series of corporate loan defaults facing the Indian banks in the post-crisis period of 2008 led to the downgrading of India’s global credit rating in 2012. Against this backdrop, this chapter delivers an insight to the reader into the games that occur between lending banks and corporate borrowers in addition to the games between the banks themselves in lending competition. The chapter covers various strategies of actions in the structures of bilateral monopoly, duopoly, and oligopoly, the Nash equilibrium, prisoners’ dilemma, decision trees, and binomial analysis. In modeling the default probability, the profits of the lender and the borrower, a number of corollaries, one lemma, and one theorem are deduced in this chapter.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bilateral Loans"

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Bhattiprolu, Udbhau, Anil K. Bajaj, and Patricia Davies. "Effect of Axial Load on the Response of Beams on Nonlinear Viscoelastic Unilateral Foundations." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35347.

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Flexible polyurethane foams used for cushioning in the furniture and automotive industries serve as foundations and exhibit complex nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. To design systems that incorporate these materials, it is important to model their mechanical behavior and then to predict the dynamic response of such systems. The example of a pinned-pinned beam interacting with a nonlinear viscoelastic foundation is the focus of the present study. The foundation can either react in compression as well as tension (bilateral), or react only in compression (unilateral). In the latter case, the cont

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Liu, Jiemin, Guangtao Ma, and Toshiyuki Sawa. "Stress Analysis of Rectangular Plate With Bilateral Interface Cracks Under Hybrid Boundary Conditions." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79232.

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Presented is an approach for obtaining whole-field stress distributions of a bi-material rectangular plate, which is composed of plate I and plate II with a fixed boundary and subjected to external loads, using elasticity mechanics theory. There are two cracks at the edges of the interface of plate I and plate II, which are called as bilateral interface cracks. In the analysis, the effects of the ratio of Young’s modulus of material I (plate I) and to that of material II (plate II) and the ratio of the crack length to the width of the plate on the stress distributions in the vicinity of the in

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Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M. "Operational Space Impulse Momentum Algorithm for Flexible Multibody Systems With Generalized Topologies." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48886.

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This paper presents a new methodology for modeling discontinuous dynamics of flexible and rigid multibody systems based on the impulse momentum formulation. The new methodology is based on the seminal idea of the divide and conquer scheme for modeling the forward dynamics of rigid multibody systems. While a similar impulse momentum approach has been demonstrated for multibody systems in tree topologies, this paper presents the generalization of the approach to systems in generalized topologies including many coupled kinematically closed loops. The approach utilizes a hierarchic assembly-disass

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Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M., and Kurt S. Anderson. "Efficient Impulse Momentum Formulation for Multi-Flexible Body Systems." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87408.

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This paper presents the generalization of the divide and conquer impulse momentum formulation to systems with flexible bodies. The approach utilizes a hierarchic assembly-disassembly process by traversing the system topology in a binary tree map to solve for the jumps in the system generalized speeds and the constraint impulsive loads in linear and logarithmic cost in serial and parallel implementations, respectively. The coupling between the unilateral and bilateral constraints is handled efficiently through the use of kinematic joint definitions. The equations of motion for the system are pr

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Tamás, Péter, István Lakatos, and Szauter Ferenc. "Analysis of the Complex Environmental Impact on Urban Trajectories." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47077.

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Modeling traffic processes on large-scale road networks leads to the application of positive non-linear systems, Luenberger (1979). Running profiles can be gained from the applied large-size network model based on previous validations, which are sufficiently complex, complicated and built up by accelerations, decelerations and frequent stops. To develop accelerated methods for analyzing complex environmental impact on urban trajectories. Our planned researches on emission encourage the further standardization and beyond that, the bilateral interoperability. According to our goals we point out

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Xu, Ming, James Yang, Isador H. Lieberman, and Ram Haddas. "Comparison of Fatigue Behaviors of Spinal Implants Under Physiological Spinal Loads: A Finite Element Pilot Study." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67783.

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The fusion surgery is a standard treatment for scoliosis. Fatigue-related failure is one common cause for the fusion surgery implant. Due to the high cost of revision surgery, it is of clinical value to study the fatigue behaviors of the spinal implants under physiological spinal loads. In the literature, biomechanical tests and finite element (FE) methods have been used to study the fatigue of the spinal implants. Compared with biomechanical tests, FE analysis has the advantage of low cost and high efficiency. Due to the high computational cost, no FE study has been modeled the exact geometry

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Puttlitz, Christian M., Robert P. Melcher, Vedat Deviren, Dezsoe Jeszenszky, and Ju¨rgen Harms. "Construct Stability of C2 Replacement Strategies." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42893.

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Reconstruction of C2 after tumor destruction and resection remains a significant challenge. Most constructs utilize a strutgraft with plate or screw fixation. A novel C2 prosthesis combining a titanium mesh cage with bilateral C1 shelves and a T-plate has been used successfully in 18 patients. Supplemental posterior instrumentation includes C0-C3 or C1-C3. Biomechanical comparisons of this C2 prosthesis with traditional fixation options have not been reported. Five fresh-frozen human cadaveric cervical spines (C0-C5) were tested intact. Next, the C2 prosthesis, and strut graft and anterior pla

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Lajnef, Nizar, Rigoberto Burgueño, Wassim Borchani, Yi Sun, and Annelise Heeringa. "Characterization of Mechanically-Equivalent Amplifiers and Frequency Modulating Concepts for Energy Harvesting Devices." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8171.

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One of the major obstacles that are limiting the development of deployable integrated sensing and actuation solutions is the scarcity of power. Converted energy from ambient loading in civil and mechanical structures is typically used as an alternative solution. Although, piezoelectric vibration harvesters have been widely used, these elements exhibit a narrow natural frequency response range, thus considerably limiting the levels of harvestable power. Most of the previously used methods focus only on modifying the transducer’s properties and configurations. These techniques do little to modif

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Yadav, Vikas, Maruti Ram Gudavalli, P. K. Raju, and Dan Marghitu. "Biomechanics of Trunk During Walking Carrying Load on One Hand Using Nonlinear Methods." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39720.

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Activities of daily living include carrying objects using one hand. Carrying a load using one hand can alter the loading on the musculoskeletal system as well as the walking pattern. The objective of this pilot study was to quantify the ground reaction forces, electromyographic (EMG) activity of trunk muscles, and trunk motion during walking. Nine human volunteers with no symptoms of pain were recruited from the student and employee population of an academic institution. Data were recorded from 8 volunteer subjects. Participants were asked to walk at self-selected speed back and forth at their

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