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Journal articles on the topic 'Bile Acids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Kritchevsky, D. "Bile acids." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 1 (October 1991): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008469-199110002-00005.

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2

Patrick, Ping H., and William H. Elliott. "Bile acids." Journal of Chromatography A 347 (January 1985): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)95479-2.

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3

Abbott, David A., David E. Schlarman, Ping H. Patrick, Daniel M. Tal, and William H. Elliott. "Bile acids." Analytical Biochemistry 146, no. 2 (1985): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(85)90566-4.

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4

Mikov, Momir, and J. Paul Fawcett. "Bile acids." European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 31, no. 3 (2006): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03190709.

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5

Hamilton, James P., Guofeng Xie, Jean-Pierre Raufman, et al. "Human cecal bile acids: concentration and spectrum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 293, no. 1 (2007): G256—G263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00027.2007.

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To obtain information on the concentration and spectrum of bile acids in human cecal content, samples were obtained from 19 persons who had died an unnatural death from causes such as trauma, homicide, suicide, or drug overdose. Bile acid concentration was measured via an enzymatic assay for 3α-hydroxy bile acids; bile acid classes were determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and individual bile acids by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The 3α-hydroxy bile acid concentration (μmol bile acid/ml cecal content) was 0.4 ± 0.2 mM (mea

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6

KURAMOTO, Taiju, Junko MIYAMOTO, Masaki KONISHI, Takahiko HOSHITA, Takako MASUI, and Mizuho UNE. "Bile Acids in Porcine Fetal Bile." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 23, no. 10 (2000): 1143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.23.1143.

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7

Paumgartner, Gustav. "Serum bile acids." Journal of Hepatology 2, no. 2 (1986): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(86)80088-5.

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8

Phillipson, Maggie. "Bile acids revisited." Food and Chemical Toxicology 25, no. 11 (1987): 881–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(87)90274-2.

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9

Foster, Thomas, Patrick Lim, Corina Mihaela Ionescu, et al. "Bile Acids – Friend or Foe? A Review of Pathological Significance and Therapeutic Potential." Clinical Biochemist Reviews 44, no. 2 (2024): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33176/aacb-23-00001.

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Bile acids have significant therapeutic and pathological interest in diagnostic and research-based investigations. This review describes the key processes involved in bile acid synthesis from cholesterol in addition to the conversion from primary to secondary bile acids. The normal physiological properties of bile acids are described, with particular focus on bile acids’ role as signalling molecules and their intra- and extra-hepatic circulation. The role of bile acids in pathology is also discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of bile acids in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. M

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10

Camilleri, Michael. "Bile acid detergency: permeability, inflammation, and effects of sulfation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 322, no. 5 (2022): G480—G488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00011.2022.

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Bile acids are amphipathic, detergent molecules. The detergent effects of di-α-hydroxy-bile acids are relevant to several colonic diseases. The aims were to review the concentrations of bile acids reaching the human colon in health and disease, the molecular structure of bile acids that determine detergent functions and the relationship to human diseases (neuroendocrine tumors, microscopic colitis, active celiac disease, and ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and ileal resection), the relationship to bacterial uptake into the mucosa, mucin depletion, and epithelial damage, the role of bile ac

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11

Das, John B., Nicholas D. Poulos, and G. Ghaus Ansari. "Biliary Lipid Composition and Bile Acid Profiles During and After Enteral Fast of Total Parenteral Nutrition in the Rabbit." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 22, no. 1 (1996): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1996.tb01508.x.

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SummaryFeeding and fasting influence biliary lipid composition. With total parenteral nutrition (TPN), it is possible to study the effects of a long‐term “enteral fast” on biliary lipid composition without the metabolic illeffects on nutrient deprivation. We compared the lipid and bile acid (BA) contents of hepatic and gallbladder biles in rabbits on completion of a 14‐day regimen of TPN with those in rabbits returned to oral feeds for 6 weeks after a similar spell of TPN. Chow‐fed rabbits served as controls. With TPN, plasma phospholipid and cholesterol levels were elevated. Basal bile flow a

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12

Shulpekova, Yulia, Elena Shirokova, Maria Zharkova, et al. "A Recent Ten-Year Perspective: Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling." Molecules 27, no. 6 (2022): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061983.

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Bile acids are important physiological agents required for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients. In addition, bile acids act as sensors of intestinal contents, which are determined by the change in the spectrum of bile acids during microbial transformation, as well as by gradual intestinal absorption. Entering the liver through the portal vein, bile acids regulate the activity of nuclear receptors, modify metabolic processes and the rate of formation of new bile acids from cholesterol, and also, in all likelihood, can significantly affect the detoxification of x

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13

Amelsberg, Andree, Christina Jochims, Claus Peter Richter, Rolf Nitsche, and Ulrich R. Fölsch. "Evidence for an anion exchange mechanism for uptake of conjugated bile acid from the rat jejunum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 276, no. 3 (1999): G737—G742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.3.g737.

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Absorption of conjugated bile acids from the small intestine is very efficient. The mechanisms of jejunal absorption are not very well understood. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of absorption of conjugated bile acid at the apical membrane of jejunal epithelial cells. Brush-border membrane vesicles from intestinal epithelial cells of the rat were prepared. Absorption of two taurine-conjugated bile acids that are representative of endogenous bile acids in many variate vertebrate species were studied. In ileal, but not jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles, transport of conju

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14

Obinata, K., H. Nittono, K. Yabuta, R. Mahara та M. Tohma. "1β‐Hydroxylated Bile Acids in the Urine of Healthy Neonates". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 15, № 1 (1992): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1992.tb10594.x.

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SummaryIn order to clarify the metabolism of bile acids in neonates, 1β‐hydroxylated bile acids in the urine of healthy newborns were examined by gas chromatogra‐phy‐mass spectrometry. The results showed that the percentage of total lβ‐hydroxylated bile acids, 3β,12a‐dihydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid and hyocholic acid in neonates was significantly higher than in older children. The ratio of lβ‐hydroxylated bile acids to their comparable primary bile acids was also higher in neonates than in older children. These results suggest that 1β‐ and 6α‐hydroxylation of bile acids are the predominant pathways

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15

Madsen, Karen. "Intestinal Absorption of Bile Salts." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 4, no. 2 (1990): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/624985.

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Bile acids are secreted from the liver into the duodenum where they aid in the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids. Absorption of bile acids occurs through both ionic and nonionic diffusion in the jejunum and colon and through an active sodium ion-dependent carrier mechanism in the ileum. The prima, y bile acids synthesized in the liver can be converted by intestinal bacteria into secondary and tertiary bile acids. Bile acids may also be conjugated with glycine or taurine which results in an increase in the hydrophilicity and solubility of these compounds at physiological pH. The amount

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16

Trefflich, Iris, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Romina di Giuseppe, et al. "Associations between Dietary Patterns and Bile Acids—Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Vegans and Omnivores." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010047.

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Bile acids play an active role in fat metabolism and, in high-fat diets, elevated concentrations of fecal bile acids may be related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. This study investigated concentrations of fecal and serum bile acids in 36 vegans and 36 omnivores. The reduced rank regression was used to identify dietary patterns associated with fecal bile acids. Dietary patterns were derived with secondary and conjugated fecal bile acids as response variables and 53 food groups as predictors. Vegans had higher fiber (p < 0.01) and lower fat (p = 0.0024) intake than omnivores. In s

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17

Shansky, Yaroslav, and Julia Bespyatykh. "Bile Acids: Physiological Activity and Perspectives of Using in Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics." Molecules 27, no. 22 (2022): 7830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227830.

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Bile acids play a significant role in the digestion of nutrients. In addition, bile acids perform a signaling function through their blood-circulating fraction. They regulate the activity of nuclear and membrane receptors, located in many tissues. The gut microbiota is an important factor influencing the effects of bile acids via enzymatic modification. Depending on the rate of healthy and pathogenic microbiota, a number of bile acids may support lipid and glucose homeostasis as well as shift to more toxic compounds participating in many pathological conditions. Thus, bile acids can be possibl

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18

Hild, Benedikt, Hauke S. Heinzow, Hartmut H. Schmidt, and Miriam Maschmeier. "Bile Acids in Control of the Gut-Liver-Axis." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 59, no. 01 (2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1330-9644.

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AbstractThe liver and gut share an intimate relationship whose communication relies heavily on metabolites, among which bile acids play a major role. Beyond their function as emulsifiers, bile acids have been recognized for their influence on metabolism of glucose and lipids as well as for their impact on immune responses. Therefore, changes to the composition of the bile acid pool can be consequential to liver and to gut physiology. By metabolizing primary bile acids to secondary bile acids, the bacterial gut microbiome modifies how bile acids exert influence. An altered ratio of secondary to

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19

Jönsson, Gerd, Ann‐Christine Midtvedt, Arne Norman, and Tore Midtvedt. "Intestinal Microbial Bile Acid Transformation in Healthy Infants." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 20, no. 4 (1995): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1995.tb11578.x.

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Summary: Following the establishment of functionally active intestinal flora in three healthy Swedish children from birth up to 24 months of age, we investigated the development of different 24‐carbon bile acids. The fecal bile acids were group‐separated into unconjugated, glycine‐conjugated, taurine‐conjugated, and sulfated, so that we could follow the changes between the different fractions of conjugates. In meconium, most (55–63%) of the bile acids were conjugated with taurine; only 11–32% were conjugated with glycine. Deconjugation was the first sign of intestinal microbial activity on the

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20

Camilleri, Michael, and Gregory J. Gores. "Therapeutic targeting of bile acids." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 309, no. 4 (2015): G209—G215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00121.2015.

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The first objectives of this article are to review the structure, chemistry, and physiology of bile acids and the types of bile acid malabsorption observed in clinical practice. The second major theme addresses the classical or known properties of bile acids, such as the role of bile acid sequestration in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in therapeutics, from traditional oriental medicine to being, until recently, the drug of choice in cholestatic liver diseases; and the potential for normalizing diverse bowel dysfunctions in irritable bowel syndrome, either by

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21

Camogliano, L., and A. Casu. "Bile acids in bile after monensin treatment." Experimental pathology 36, no. 1 (1989): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0232-1513(89)80108-2.

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22

Gómez, Cristina, Simon Stücheli, Denise V. Kratschmar, Jamal Bouitbir, and Alex Odermatt. "Development and Validation of a Highly Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Bile Acids in Serum, Plasma, and Liver Tissue Samples." Metabolites 10, no. 7 (2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10070282.

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Bile acids control lipid homeostasis by regulating uptake from food and excretion. Additionally, bile acids are bioactive molecules acting through receptors and modulating various physiological processes. Impaired bile acid homeostasis is associated with several diseases and drug-induced liver injury. Individual bile acids may serve as disease and drug toxicity biomarkers, with a great demand for improved bile acid quantification methods. We developed, optimized, and validated an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of 36 bile acids in serum, plasma, and liver tissue samples. The simultaneous qu

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23

Popova, O. S., and L. A. Agafonova. "Features of bile acid metabolism in fish." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.1.61.

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The fish liver is an important organ involved in the complex metabolism of bile and bile acids. The biochemical reactions that occur during this process directly depend on the functional state of the digestive system and fish nutrition. Knowledge of the features of bile acid metabolism will allow designing the cheapest and at the same time effective drugs for the pharmacological correction of hepatopathy. The composition of bile acids depends on the type of food, so in fish such as pike, perch, carp, cholic and deoxycholic acids conjugated with taurine are more common. In predatory fish, choli

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24

Majait, Soumia, Max Nieuwdorp, Marleen Kemper, and Maarten Soeters. "The Black Box Orchestra of Gut Bacteria and Bile Acids: Who Is the Conductor?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (2023): 1816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031816.

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Over the past decades the potential role of the gut microbiome and bile acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been revealed, with a special reference to low bacterial alpha diversity. Certain bile acid effects on gut bacteria concern cytotoxicity, or in the case of the microbiome, bacteriotoxicity. Reciprocally, the gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating the bile acid pool by influencing the conversion and (de)conjugation of primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. Three main groups of bacterial enzymes responsible for the conversion of bile acids are bile salt hydrolases (B

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25

KANDA, Tatsuo, Laurent FOUCAND, Yuichi NAKAMURA, et al. "Regulation of expression of human intestinal bile acid-binding protein in Caco-2 cells." Biochemical Journal 330, no. 1 (1998): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3300261.

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Molecular mechanisms of the bile acid active transport system in the ileal enterocytes remain unknown. We examined whether bile acids affect human enterocyte gene expression of intestinal bile acid-binding protein (I-BABP), a component of this transport system. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated in the presence of human bile, bile acids or other lipids. The level of I-BABP expression was evaluated by Northern and Western blot analyses. A 24 h incubation of Caco-2 cells in a medium containing either bile or bile acids resulted in a remarkable 7.5-fold increase in the I-BABP mRNA level o

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Soroka, Carol J., Heino Velazquez, Albert Mennone, Nazzareno Ballatori та James L. Boyer. "Ostα depletion protects liver from oral bile acid load". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 301, № 3 (2011): G574—G579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00141.2011.

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Bile acid homeostasis is tightly maintained through interactions between the liver, intestine, and kidney. During cholestasis, the liver is incapable of properly clearing bile acids from the circulation, and alternative excretory pathways are utilized. In obstructive cholestasis, urinary elimination is often increased, and this pathway is further enhanced after bile duct ligation in mice that are genetically deficient in the heteromeric, basolateral organic solute transporter alpha-beta (Ostα-Ostβ). In this study, we examined renal and intestinal function in Ostα-deficient and wild-type mice i

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Hagi, Tatsuro, Sharon Y. Geerlings, Bart Nijsse, and Clara Belzer. "The effect of bile acids on the growth and global gene expression profiles in Akkermansia muciniphila." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, no. 24 (2020): 10641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10976-3.

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Abstract Akkermansia muciniphila is a prominent member of the gut microbiota and the organism gets exposed to bile acids within this niche. Several gut bacteria have bile response genes to metabolize bile acids or an ability to change their membrane structure to prevent membrane damage from bile acids. To understand the response to bile acids and how A. muciniphila can persist in the gut, we studied the effect of bile acids and individual bile salts on growth. In addition, the change in gene expression under ox-bile condition was studied. The growth of A. muciniphila was inhibited by ox-bile a

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Muto, Yamato, Mitsuyoshi Suzuki, Genta Kakiyama, et al. "Profiling of Urinary Glucuronidated Bile Acids across Age Groups." Metabolites 12, no. 12 (2022): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121230.

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We investigated the age-dependent changes in urinary excretion of glucuronidated bile acids at the C-3 position. Bile acid 3-glucuronides accounted for 0.5% of urinary bile acids in neonates, and the proportion of bile acid 3-glucuronides plateaued at 1–3 years of age. The 3-glucuronides of secondary bile acids were first secreted at 3 months of age, the same time as the establishment of the gut bacterial flora in infants. A considerable portion of bile acid 3-glucuronides were present as non-amidated forms. Our results indicate dynamic hepatic enzyme activity in which the levels of uridine 5′

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An, Chihyeok, Hyeyeon Chon, Wanrim Ku, et al. "Bile Acids: Major Regulator of the Gut Microbiome." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (2022): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091792.

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Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol and play an important role in regulating intestinal microflora. The different degrees of hydrophobicity and acidity of individual bile acids may affect their antimicrobial properties. We examined the antimicrobial effects of different bile acids on various microorganisms in vitro and confirmed whether these remain consistent in vivo. Using human bile acids, including ursodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid, a disc diffusion test was performed, and a rodent model was created to determine the ant

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30

Chitranukroh, A., G. Taggart, and B. H. Billing. "Enhancement of the Urinary Excretion of Non-Sulphated and Sulphated Radioactive Bile Acids by Sodium Acetate in the Bile Duct Obstructed Rat." Clinical Science 68, no. 1 (1985): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0680063.

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1. The renal clearances of [14C]glycocholate, [14C]taurocholate and [3H]glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulphate were determined in bile duct obstructed rats. 2. Comparisons of the bile acid clearances with glomerular filtration rates (GFR) indicate that most of the filtered bile acids are reabsorbed. 3. Inhibition studies with p-aminohippurate (PAH) and probenecid suggest that a proportion of the bile acids in urine is secreted. 4. Attempts were made to increase the renal clearance of the bile acids by the administration of pharmacological agents. 5. An infusion of sodium acetate (0.3 mol/l) increas

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Jones, M. L., C. Martoni, H. Chen, W. Ouyang, T. Metz, and S. Prakash. "Deconjugation of Bile Acids with Immobilized Genetically EngineeredLactobacillus plantarum80(pCBH1)." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2, no. 1 (2005): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/380659.

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Bile acids are important to normal human physiology. However, bile acids can be toxic when produced in pathologically high concentrations in hepatobileary and other diseases. This study shows that immobilized genetically engineeredLactobacillus plantarum80 (pCBH1) (LP80 (pCBH1)) can efficiently hydrolyze bile acids and establishes a basis for their use. Results show that immobilized LP80 (pCBH1) is able to effectively break down the conjugated bile acids into glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activities of 0.17 and 0.07 μmol DCA/mg CDW

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Mikov, Momir, Ksenija Kuhajda, and Julijan Kandrac. "Current aspects of pharmacologic application of bile acids." Medical review 56, no. 5-6 (2003): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0306237m.

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Effects of bile acids and their salts on absorption of other substances Bile acids and their salts increase intestinal absorption of lipids and transmembrane and paracellular transfer of small and endogenous and exogenous polar molecules. It has been established that they are good promotores of insulin absorption through skin and nasal mucose, and of blood-brain barrier transfer of salycilates and quinine. Effects of bile acids and their salts on absorption of other substances and their potential action It has been established that combination of bile acids with amphotericin B has potential Le

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Yde, Jonathan, Qi Wu, Johan F. Borg, Robert A. Fenton, and Hanne B. Moeller. "A systems-level analysis of bile acids effects on rat colon epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 322, no. 1 (2022): G34—G48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00178.2021.

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Feeding rats with a bile acid caused changes in fecal output, underlining this bile acid diarrhea model’s usefulness. Colonic epithelial expression of genes associated with facilitated transport of bile acids was altered during bile acid feeding. The study raises the possibility of regulated colonic transepithelial transport of bile acids in response to luminal bile acids. In addition, this study provides annotated rat colonic epithelial cell transcriptome and proteome with response to bile acid feeding.

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POWELL, Ashley A., Janna M. LaRUE, A. K. BATTA, and Jesse D. MARTINEZ. "Bile acid hydrophobicity is correlated with induction of apoptosis and/or growth arrest in HCT116 cells." Biochemical Journal 356, no. 2 (2001): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3560481.

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Faecal bile acids have long been associated with colon cancer; highly hydrophobic bile acids, which induce apoptosis, have been implicated in the promotion of colon tumours. The moderately hydrophobic chemopreventive agent ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) does not induce apoptosis; rather, it causes colon-derived tumour cells to arrest their growth. To investigate the relationship between bile acid hydrophobicity and biological activity we examined 26 bile acids for their capacity to induce apoptosis or alter cell growth. We found that the rapidity with which, and the degree to which, bile acids co

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Sommersberger, S., S. Gunawan, T. Elger, et al. "P369 Altered fecal bile acid composition in active Ulcerative Colitis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 18, Supplement_1 (2024): i782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad212.0499.

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Abstract Background A consistent finding in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an altered composition of fecal bile acids, with an increase in primary bile acids and a decrease in secondary bile acids. It is less clear, whether fecal bile acids could prove to be biomarkers for IBD diagnosis and disease activity. The study aimed to determine correlations between eighteen fecal bile acid species and IBD entity as well as disease severity. Methods Eighteen fecal bile acid species were quantified from stool samples of 62 IBD patients and 17 controls using LC-MS/MS and stable isotope dilution. Bil

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Van der Meer, R., and H. T. De Vries. "Differential binding of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids to insoluble calcium phosphate." Biochemical Journal 229, no. 1 (1985): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2290265.

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It is demonstrated that bile acids bind to insoluble calcium phosphate at pH values beyond 5.5. Significant binding occurs with glycine-conjugated dihydroxy bile acids. Results indicate that these bile acids are bound in a micellar mode. Taurine conjugation almost completely inhibits the binding of these bile acids to insoluble calcium phosphate. Since glycine-conjugated dihydroxy bile acids are predominant in the rabbit, but not in the rat, our results suggest an explanation for the intriguing species-dependence of casein-induced hypercholesterolaemia, which is high in the rabbit but absent i

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Weng, Ze-Bin, Yuan-Rong Chen, Jin-Tao Lv, et al. "A Review of Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling in Cognitive Dysfunction-Related Diseases." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4289383.

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Bile acids are commonly known as one of the vital metabolites derived from cholesterol. The role of bile acids in glycolipid metabolism and their mechanisms in liver and cholestatic diseases have been well studied. In addition, bile acids also serve as ligands of signal molecules such as FXR, TGR5, and S1PR2 to regulate some physiological processes in vivo. Recent studies have found that bile acids signaling may also play a critical role in the central nervous system. Evidence showed that some bile acids have exhibited neuroprotective effects in experimental animal models and clinical trials o

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Wolkoff, Allan W., and David E. Cohen. "I. Hepatocyte transport of bile acids." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 284, no. 2 (2003): G175—G179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00409.2002.

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Bile acids are cholesterol derivatives that serve as detergents in bile and the small intestine. Approximately 95% of bile acids secreted by hepatocytes into bile are absorbed from the distal ileum into the portal venous system. Extraction from the portal circulation by the hepatocyte followed by reexcretion into the bile canaliculus completes the enterohepatic circulation of these compounds. Over the past few years, candidate bile acid transport proteins of the sinusoidal and canalicular plasma membranes of the hepatocyte have been identified. The physiology of hepatocyte bile acid transport

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Woolbright, Benjamin L., and Hartmut Jaeschke. "Inflammation and Cell Death During Cholestasis: The Evolving Role of Bile Acids." Gene Expression 19, no. 3 (2019): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/105221619x15614873062730.

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Cholestasis results in blockage of bile flow whether the point of obstruction occurs extrahepatically or intrahepatically. Bile acids are a primary constituent of bile, and thus one of the primary outcomes is acute retention of bile acids in hepatocytes. Bile acids are normally secreted into the biliary tracts and then released into the small bowel before recirculating back to the liver. Retention of bile acids has long been hypothesized to be a primary cause of the associated liver injury that occurs during acute or chronic cholestasis. Despite this, a surge of papers in the last decade have

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Sun, Ruicong, Chunjin Xu, Baisui Feng, Xiang Gao, and Zhanju Liu. "Critical roles of bile acids in regulating intestinal mucosal immune responses." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 14 (January 2021): 175628482110180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17562848211018098.

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Bile acids are a class of cholesterol derivatives that have been known for a long time for their critical roles in facilitating the digestion and absorption of lipid from the daily diet. The transformation of primary bile acids produced by the liver to secondary bile acids appears under the action of microbiota in the intestine, greatly expanding the molecular diversity of the intestinal environment. With the discovery of several new receptors of bile acids and signaling pathways, bile acids are considered as a family of important metabolites that play pleiotropic roles in regulating many aspe

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Brock, William J., James J. Beaudoin, Jason R. Slizgi, et al. "Bile Acids as Potential Biomarkers to Assess Liver Impairment in Polycystic Kidney Disease." International Journal of Toxicology 37, no. 2 (2018): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581818760746.

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Polycystic kidney disease is characterized by the progressive development of kidney cysts and declining renal function with frequent development of cysts in other organs including the liver. The polycystic kidney (PCK) rat is a rodent model of polycystic liver disease that has been used to study hepatorenal disease progression and evaluate pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Biomarkers that describe the cyst progression, liver impairment, and/or hepatic cyst burden could provide clinical utility for this disease. In the present study, hepatic cyst volume was measured by magnetic resonance imagi

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Yang, Min, Yu Gu, Lingfeng Li, et al. "Bile Acid–Gut Microbiota Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (2021): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093143.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, with increasing prevalence, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggested that gut microbiota and bile acids play pivotal roles in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Patients with IBD exhibit decreased microbial diversity and abnormal microbial composition marked by the depletion of phylum Firmicutes (including bacteria involved in bile acid metabolism) and the enrichment of phylum Proteobacteria. Dysbiosis leads to blocked bile acid transformation. Thus,

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Miyaki, Akira, Peiying Yang, Hsin-Hsiung Tai, Kotha Subbaramaiah, and Andrew J. Dannenberg. "Bile acids inhibit NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase transcription in colonocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 3 (2009): G559—G566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00133.2009.

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Multiple lines of evidence have suggested a role for both bile acids and prostaglandins (PG) in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Levels of PGE2 are determined by both synthesis and catabolism. Previously, bile acid-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was found to stimulate PGE2 synthesis. NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the key enzyme responsible for the catabolism of PGE2, has been linked to colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, we determined whether bile acids altered the expression of 15-PGDH in human colon cancer cell lines. Treatment with unc

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Vakhrushev, Ya M., A. P. Lukashevich, I. A. Penkina, and E. V. Suchkova. "Comparative analysis of bile acid spectrum in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 91, no. 2 (2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.02.000105.

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Aim. Сomparative studying of changes in the spectrum of bile acids in bile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis. Materials and methods. 140 patients were included in the survey: 50 - with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 90 - with cholelithiasis. The diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was established on the basis of ultrasound examination of the liver, the elasticity and fibrosis of liver by using the sonoelastography and liver biopsy. The prestone stage of cholelithiasis was established on the basis of ultrasound examination of the gallbladder an

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Gonzalez, Frank J. "Nuclear Receptor Control of Enterohepatic Circulation." Comprehensive Physiology 2, no. 4 (2012): 2811–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2012.tb00477.x.

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AbstractEnterohepatic circulation is responsible for the capture of bile acids and other steroids produced or metabolized in the liver and secreted to the intestine, for reabsorption back into the circulation and transport back to the liver. Bile acids are secreted from the liver in the form of mixed micelles that also contain phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol that facilitate the uptake of fats and vitamins from the diet due to the surfactant properties of bile acids and lipids. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol by a cascade of enzymes that carry out oxidation and con

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Mir-Makhamad, Basira, Thomas Larsen, Daniel Giddings Vassao, Robert Spengler, and Yiming V. Wang. "Bile acids as biomarkers in carbonized archaeological sediment: Insights from dung burning experiments." PLOS ONE 20, no. 2 (2025): e0312699. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312699.

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Bile acids are increasingly used as fecal biomarkers for studying archeology, environmental pollution, paleoeconomy, and human-animal interactions. Exclusively synthesized by vertebrates, bile acids are more resistant to diagenetic degradation than other steroidal biomarkers. Although bile acids have been detected and analyzed in archaeological sediments, particularly in contexts where dung may have been used as fuel, their preservation after burning is poorly understood. In this study, we conducted controlled experiments on modern cattle dung to investigate the tolerance of bile acid to high

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Rudling, Mats, and Ylva Bonde. "Stimulation of Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter Expands the Bile Acid Pool and Generates Bile Acids with Positive Feedback Properties." Digestive Diseases 33, no. 3 (2015): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371690.

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Background: Bile acid synthesis has been considered a prototype for how a physiological process is controlled by end product feedback inhibition. By this feedback inhibition, bile acid concentrations are kept within safe ranges. However, careful examination of published rodent data strongly suggests that bile acid synthesis is also under potent positive feedback control by hydrophilic bile acids. Key Messages: Current concepts on the regulation of bile acid synthesis are derived from mouse models. Recent data have shown that mice have farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonistic bile acids capable

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Evangelakos, Ioannis, Joerg Heeren, Esther Verkade, and Folkert Kuipers. "Role of bile acids in inflammatory liver diseases." Seminars in Immunopathology 43, no. 4 (2021): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-021-00869-6.

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AbstractBile acids and their signaling pathways are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic targets for cholestatic and metabolic liver diseases. This review summarizes new insights in bile acid physiology, focusing on regulatory roles of bile acids in the control of immune regulation and on effects of pharmacological modulators of bile acid signaling pathways in human liver disease. Recent mouse studies have highlighted the importance of the interactions between bile acids and gut microbiome. Interfering with microbiome composition may be beneficial for cholestatic and metabolic live

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IIDA, Takashi, Toshiaki MOMOSE, Frederic C. CHANG, Junichi GOTO, and Tosio NAMBARA. "Potential bile acid metabolites. XV. Synthesis of 4.BETA.-hydroxylated bile acids; unique bile acids in human fetal bile." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 37, no. 12 (1989): 3323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.3323.

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Cronin, James, Lisa Williams, Elizabeth McAdam, et al. "The role of secondary bile acids in neoplastic development in the oesophagus." Biochemical Society Transactions 38, no. 2 (2010): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0380337.

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Bile acids have been demonstrated, through the use of animal models and clinical association studies, to play a role in neoplastic development in Barrett's metaplasia. How specific bile acids promote neoplasia is as yet unknown, as are the exact identities of the important bile acid subtypes. The combination of bile subtype with appropriate pH is critical, as pH alters bile acid activity enormously. Hence glycine-conjugated bile acids are involved in neoplastic development at acidic pH (pH ~4), and unconjugated bile acids are involved in neoplastic development at more neutral pH (~6). Bile aci

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