Academic literature on the topic 'Bile Ducts Bacterial Infections'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bile Ducts Bacterial Infections"
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Matyjas, Tomasz, Lech Pomorski, Henryk Witas, Tomasz Płoszaj, Katarzyna Matyjas, and Krzysztof Kaczka. "Cholelithiasis – always infected?" Polish Journal of Surgery 89, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1086.
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This study aims to present results regarding the presence and identification of bacterial strains found in bile and gallstones located in the gallbladder and bile ducts in patients operated on due to cholelithiasis. Materials and Methods. Bacterial culture was evaluated in 92 patients. There were 54 women (59%) and 38 men (41%) who underwent surgery on account of cholelithiasis and /or gallstones in bile ducts between 2013 and 2014. Bile and gallstone samples were cultured intraoperatively for bacteria; bacterial strains were identified, and their sensitivity to antibiotics was determined. Molecular methods (NGS and Sanger method) were used to separate bacterial strains in one of the gallbladder stones and the results were compared with bacterial strains grown from the bile. Results. Bile cultures were positive in 46 patients that is, 50% of the study group. The following bacteria strains were grown: Enterococcus spp. (44%), Escherichia coli (37%) and Klebsiella spp. (35%). Candidiasis accompanied by bacterial infection was detected in 7 patients (15%). Molecular testing of gallstones revealed DNA of Enterococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Streptococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. In the bile culture of the same patient Enterococcus spp. (avium and faecalis) was detected. Conclusion 1. More than one pathogen was grown on samples obtained from 31 patients (70%) with bile infection. 2. The most common pathogens include Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. 3. Bacterial infections are often accompanied by a fungal infection (Candida albicans) 4. Bacterial strains grown from a gallstone sample partially corresponded with strains identified in the bile of the same patient.
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Jeyarajah, D. Rohan, Mariusz L. Kielar, Hoosein Saboorian, Prameela Karimi, Nicole Frantz, and Christopher Y. Lu. "Impact of bile duct obstruction on hepatic E. coli infection: role of IL-10." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 291, no. 1 (July 2006): G91—G94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2004.
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Biliary obstruction in the setting of hepatic bacterial infection has great morbidity and mortality. We developed a novel murine model to examine the effect of biliary obstruction on the clearance of hepatic Escherichia coli infection. This model may allow us to test the hypothesis that biliary obstruction itself adversely affects clearance of hepatic infections even if the bacteria are introduced into the liver by a nonbiliary route. We ligated the bile ducts of C57BL/6 mice on days − 1, 0, or + 1, relative to a day 0 portal venous injection of E. coli. We monitored survival, hepatic bacterial growth, pathology, and IL-10 protein levels. The role of IL-10 in this model was further examined using IL-10 knockout mice. Mice with bile duct ligation at day +1 or 0, relative to portal venous infection at day 0, had decreased survival compared with mice with only portal venous infection. The impaired survival was associated with greater hepatic bacterial growth, hepatic necrosis, and increased production of IL-10. Interestingly, the transgenic knockout of IL-10 resulted in impaired survival in mice with bile duct ligation and portal venous infection. Biliary obstruction had a dramatic detrimental effect on hepatic clearance of portal venous E. coli infection. This impaired clearance is associated with increased IL-10 production. However, transgenic knockout of IL-10 increased mortality after hepatic infection.
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Schreeg, Megan E., Sybille A. Miller, and John M. Cullen. "Choledochal cyst with secondary cholangitis, choledochitis, duodenal papillitis, and pancreatitis in a young domestic shorthair cat." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 4 (May 24, 2021): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211017107.
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Choledochal cysts, congenital segmental dilations of the common bile duct, have been reported in few cats, and histologic characterization is lacking. A 20-mo-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented because of vomiting and weight loss. There was progressive elevation of liver enzyme activity (ALT > ALP, GGT) and hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnostic imaging identified focal cystic dilation of the common bile duct, dilation and tortuosity of adjacent hepatic ducts, and a prominent duodenal papilla. A choledochal cyst was suspected, and the animal was euthanized. On postmortem examination, there was a 2-cm, firm, thickened, cystic dilation of the common bile duct, patent with adjacent ducts. Histologically, the cyst wall was expanded by fibroblasts, collagen, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Adjacent bile ducts were markedly dilated and tortuous, with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and papillary mucosal hyperplasia that extended to the major duodenal papilla. There was chronic neutrophilic cholangitis, suggesting bacterial infection and/or disturbed bile drainage, extrahepatic obstruction, and lymphoplasmacytic pancreatitis with ductular metaplasia. Prominent lymphoid follicles within biliary ducts and duodenum suggested chronic antigenic stimulation. Choledochal cysts can be associated with chronic neutrophilic cholangitis, extrahepatic obstruction, choledochitis, duodenal papillitis, and pancreatitis, and should be a differential for increased hepatic enzymes and hyperbilirubinemia in young cats.
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Sasaki, J., M. Goryo, J. Honda, N. Okoshi, K. Okada, and H. Furukawa. "CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS IN BROILER CHICKENS IN JAPAN: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SPONTANEOUS DISEASE." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.48.2000.1.7.
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Forty-five broiler arcasses from 6 different flocks were condemned due to liver lesions at processing meat inspection, and collected for pathological and bacterial examination. All affected chickens showed liver enlargement with distrahepatic bile ducts contained yellow inspissated cream-coloured material. Histopathologically, extensive proliferation of bile ductules with fibrosis was observed in interlobular connective tissue, and it spread to form bridges with adjoining triads. Destruction and obstruction of portal bile ducts with multiple granulomas due to bacterial infection and outflow of the bile were frequently observed.Many-Gram-positive bacilli were seen in the lesions, and they were identified asClostridium perfringensby indirect immunofluores en ecstaining technique.Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from affected livers. These findings are consistent with cholangiohepatitis. Therefore, it is suggested thatC. perfringensmight be important in the pathogenesis of cholangiohepatitis in broiler chickens.
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Strohäker, Jens, Lisa Wiegand, Christian Beltzer, Alfred Königsrainer, Ruth Ladurner, and Anke Meier. "Clinical Presentation and Incidence of Anaerobic Bacteria in Surgically Treated Biliary Tract Infections and Cholecystitis." Antibiotics 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10010071.
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(1) Background: Cholecystitis and cholangitis are among the most common diseases treated by general surgery. Gallstones lead to inflammation and bacterial infection of the biliary tract. Biliary infections can lead to live threatening bacteremia and liver abscesses. The true role of anaerobes remains unclear. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed bacterial cultures from biliary samples obtained from bile ducts and gallbladders at our tertiary care center. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were analyzed. (3) Results: In our database of 1719 patients, 365 patients had microbial testing, of which 42 grew anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobes were more frequently cultured in patients with hepatic abscesses and gallbladder perforation. These patients were older and had more comorbidities than the control group. The overall outcomes of all patients were favorable and the resistance rate to commonly used antibiotics remained low. (4) Conclusions: Anaerobes in biliary tract infections appear to be underdiagnosed and more prevalent in the elderly with advanced disease. Due to low antibiotic resistance, the combination of source control and adjunct anti-infective treatment leads to favorable outcomes.
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Pohl, Juergen, Axel Ring, Wolfgang Stremmel, and Adolf Stiehl. "The role of dominant stenoses in bacterial infections of bile ducts in primary sclerosing cholangitis." European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 18, no. 1 (January 2006): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200601000-00012.
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Choe, Jung Wan, Jae Min Lee, Jong Jin Hyun, and Hong Sik Lee. "Analysis on Microbial Profiles & Components of Bile in Patients with Recurrent CBD Stones after Endoscopic CBD Stone Removal: A Preliminary Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153303.
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Background/Aim: Common bile duct (CBD) stone recurrence after endoscopic treatment is a major concern as a late complication. Biliary bacterial factors and biochemical factors determine the path of gallstone formation. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the microbial profile and components of bile in patients with and without recurrent CBD stones after endoscopic CBD stone removal. Methods: Among patients who had undergone an initial endoscopic procedure for the removal of CBD stones and were followed up for >2 years, 11 patients who experienced at least two CBD stone recurrences, six months after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), were categorized into the recurrence group. Nine patients without CBD recurrence events were matched. Results: Polymicrobial infections are generally seen in all patients who have biliary sphincteroplasty. Microbial richness, measured by the numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), was reduced in the recurrence group. The microbial evenness was also significantly lower than in the non-recurrence group. The overall microbial communities in the recurrence group deviated from the non-recurrence group. Infection with bacteria exhibiting β-glucuronidase activity was more frequent in the recurrence group, but there was no statistical significance. In an analysis of the bile components, the bile acid concentration was higher in the non-recurrence group than in the recurrence group. However, the other metabolites were not significantly different. Conclusions: Microbiota dysbiosis and altered bacterial community assembly in bile duct and decreased bile acid in bile juice were associated with recurrence of bile duct stone.
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Silva Garcia, Juberlan, Raquel de Oliveira Simões, Ester Mota, Incerlande Soares dos Santos, and Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior. "Pathological effects of ECHINOSTOMA PARAENSEI infection associated with pyogenic abscesses caused by PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA in swiss mice." Revista de Patologia Tropical / Journal of Tropical Pathology 50, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v50i1.66670.
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The trematode Echinostoma paraensei is an intestinal parasite transmitted by ingestion of the infectious stage of metacercariae. For scientific purposes, its life cycle has been maintained in the laboratory, allowing analysis using various biological approaches. Different parasite isolates have revealed atypical patterns of migration and establishment in ectopic sites in Swiss-Webster mice. During the investigation of the biological life cycle of an E. paraensei isolate from the silvatic rodent Nectomys squamipes collected in the municipality of Rio Bonito (State of Rio de Janeiro), a bacterial coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed, which produced anatomopathological alterations, mainly in the liver, bile ducts, pancreas, and small intestine. The main macroscopic signs were the whitish suppurative pyogenic punctual lesions. The histological sections stained by hematoxylin-eosin showed an intense inflammatory reaction formed by mononuclear cells and macrophages surrounding the bile ducts, although the hepatic parenchyma still presented its normal aspect. Thus, pyogenic abscesses can be associated with E. paraensei infection depending on the strain and aggravating pathogenesis in the definitive host.KEY WORDS: Liver abscess; Swiss mice; trematode infection.
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Yang, Qin, Zhenru Wu, Fei Liu, Junke Wang, Wenjie Ma, Haijie Hu, Fuyu Li, and Qiuwei Pan. "Effective Treatment of Chronic Proliferative Cholangitis by Local Gentamicin Infusion in Rabbits." BioMed Research International 2018 (July 24, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6751952.
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Background. Hepatolithiasis is highly prevalent in East Asia characterized by the presence of gallstones in the biliary ducts of the liver. Surgical resection is the potentially curative treatment but bears a high risk of stone recurrence and biliary restenosis. This is closely related to the universal presence of chronic proliferative cholangitis (CPC) in the majority of patients. Recent evidence has indicated the association of bacterial infection with the development of CPC in hepatolithiasis. Thus, this study aims to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of local infusion of gentamicin (an antibiotic) for the treatment of CPC in a rabbit model. Methods. The rabbit CPC model was established based on previously published protocols. Bile duct samples were collected from gentamicin-treated or control animals for pathological and molecular characterization. Results. Histologically, the hyperplasia of biliary epithelium and submucosal glands were inhibited and the thickness of the bile duct wall was significantly decreased after gentamicin therapy. Consistently, the percentage of proliferating cells marked by ki67 was significantly reduced by the treatment. More importantly, this treatment inhibited interleukin 2 production, an essential inflammatory cytokine, and the enzyme activity of endogenous β-Glucuronidase, a key factor in the formation of bile pigment. Conclusions. Local gentamicin infusion effectively inhibits the inflammation, cell proliferation, and lithogenesis in a rabbit model of CPC. This approach represents a potential treatment for CPC and thus prevents recurrent hepatolithiasis.
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Ninomiya, Masashi, Yoshiyuki Ueno, and Tooru Shimosegawa. "PBC: Animal Models of Cholangiopathies and Possible Endogenous Viral Infections." International Journal of Hepatology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/649290.
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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) is considered an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts and its characteristic serologic marker, the anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA). Several factors were proposed to clarify the pathological and immunological mechanisms of PBC. Immunological reaction with a bacterial or a viral association was identified in the previous report, and it seems probable that PBC was thought to have such an etiology. The majority of patients with PBC was reported to have both RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry evidence of human betaretrovirus infection in lymph nodes or in 2008, the patient who developed PBC with high HIV viral load had an antiviral therapy and recovered. To understand the etiology of PBC associated with infection, several factors should be considered and especially animal models may be useful. In this paper, we introduce three typical animal models of PBC: the dominant-negative form of transforming growth factor-βreceptor type II (dnTGFβRII) mouse, IL-2Rα−/−mouse and NOD.c3c4 mouse, are enumerated and described, and we discuss previous reports of viral infection associated with PBC and consider the etiology of PBC from our analysis of results in NOD.c3c4 mouse.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bile Ducts Bacterial Infections"
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Ding, Jin Wen. "Obstructive jaundice an experimental study on host defense failure and intestinal bacterial translocation in the rat /." Lund : Dept. of Suregry, Lund University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39793417.html.
Full textBooks on the topic "Bile Ducts Bacterial Infections"
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Carle, Sarah. Cholecystitis and Cholangitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0034.
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Cholangitis is a bacterial infection of the biliary system that is commonly associated with mechanical obstruction of the cystic or common bile duct (CBD). Obstruction is usually caused by choledocholithiasis (which results from gallstone obstruction of the CBD) but may also be seen with biliary stricture, malignancy, or cyst. Bacterial proliferation may lead to gangrenous cholecystitis, gallbladder perforation (with potential for cholecystoenteric fistula creation), and/or sepsis. Patients should be managed based on clinical severity and symptoms with attention paid to volume and electrolyte status. General surgery should be consulted early in the course of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis. Many patients with acute cholangitis respond to antibiotic therapy and supportive treatments. Disposition decisions should be made in conjunction with consultants, but patients with acute cholecystitis and cholangitis generally require admission and prompt surgical intervention.
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Levy, Barry S. Liver Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0030.
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This chapter describes occupational and environmental liver disorders. It describes the types of liver function and types of liver damage, and how these functions and this damage can be assessed. Workers in healthcare and solid waste management are at increased risk hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections. Occupational exposure to swine is associated with hepatitis E virus infection. More than 100 industrial chemicals can be acutely hepatotoxic in experimental animals or humans. Metabolic reactions may affect the hepatotoxicity of chemicals. Occupational exposure to organic solvents can cause toxic hepatitis. Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer has been causally associated with toxicant-associated fatty liver disease as well as a form of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Several agents can cause cancer of the liver or bile ducts. Vinyl chloride monomer is causally associated with angiosacoma of the liver. Arsenic causes liver cancer. Dietary exposure to aflatoxins can cause hepatoceulluar carcinoma.
Book chapters on the topic "Bile Ducts Bacterial Infections"
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Ramsey, William H. "Ascites/Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis." In Diseases of the Liver and Bile Ducts, 371–83. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1808-1_27.
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Johnson, Colin, and Mark Wright. "Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tree." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Jack Satsangi, 3196–208. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0334.
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Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts are common, with gallstones and their complications being most frequent. Less common are biliary strictures, usually malignant, which are caused by adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, bile ducts, ampulla of Vater, and gallbladder. Rarely encountered are sclerosing cholangitis and a variety of congenital disorders. Disorders of the biliary system include gallstones, which cause biliary colic and cholecystitis by obstruction of the cystic duct, and bile duct obstruction (cholestasis), with jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools, itching, and sometimes constant right hypochondrial pain. Fevers and rigors may indicate bacterial infection of the biliary tract (cholangitis), which frequently accompanies partial obstruction. Weight loss may be due to fat malabsorption but can also be caused by malignancy. Prolonged biliary obstruction leads to skin changes of increased pigmentation (due to melanin) and cholesterol deposition (xanthelasma and xanthoma). Biliary cirrhosis can cause portal venous hypertension and liver cell failure. Disorders of the biliary system generally give rise to the biochemical picture of cholestasis: the serum (conjugated) bilirubin concentration may be normal or raised; serum alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and bile acids are elevated; serum transaminases show only modest elevation. Bilirubinuria is present, with the disappearance of urobilinogen from the urine indicating complete biliary obstruction. Imaging is critical in the diagnosis of biliary disease, initially by ultrasonography, with CT and MRI in more complicated cases. However, these investigations sometimes provide insufficient anatomical detail for diagnosis or planning of treatment, and further imaging with the cholangiographic techniques of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) are required. ERCP and PTC can be used to place biliary stents.
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Tsutsumi, Yutaka. "Pathology of Gangrene." In Pathogenic Bacteria. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93505.
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Pathological features of gangrene are described. Gangrene is commonly caused by infection of anaerobic bacteria. Dry gangrene belongs to noninfectious gangrene. The hypoxic/ischemic condition accelerates the growth of anaerobic bacteria and extensive necrosis of the involved tissue. Clostridial and non-clostridial gangrene provokes gas formation in the necrotic tissue. Acute gangrenous inflammation happens in a variety of tissues and organs, including the vermiform appendix, gallbladder, bile duct, lung, and eyeball. Emphysematous (gas-forming) infection such as emphysematous pyelonephritis may be provoked by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Rapidly progressive gangrene of the extremities (so-called “flesh-eating bacteria” infection) is seen in fulminant streptococcal, Vibrio vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila infections. Fournier gangrene is an aggressive and life-threatening gangrenous disease seen in the scrotum and rectum. Necrotizing fasciitis is a subacute form of gangrene of the extremities. Of note is the fact that clostridial and streptococcal infections in the internal organs may result in a lethal hypercytokinemic state without association of gangrene of the arms and legs. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may play an important role for vulnerability of the infectious diseases. Pseudomonas-induced malignant otitis externa and craniofacial mucormycosis are special forms of the lethal gangrenous disorder.