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Journal articles on the topic 'Bile'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Cohen, D. E., L. S. Leighton, and M. C. Carey. "Bile salt hydrophobicity controls vesicle secretion rates and transformations in native bile." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 263, no. 3 (1992): G386—G395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.3.g386.

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After drainage of the bile salt pool, we infused unanesthetized bile fistula prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) intravenously with taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholate (TCDC), cholate (TC), ursodeoxycholate (TUDC), and ursocholate (TUC) in concentrations that attained greater than 94% enrichment of biliary bile salts. With decreases in bile salt hydrophobicity, maximum steady state lecithin and to a lesser extent cholesterol secretion rates decreased in the rank order, TCDC greater than TC greater than TUDC greater than TUC. By phase analysis, TCDC-rich and TC-rich biles plotted inside their

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2

Thewles, A., R. A. Parslow, and R. Coleman. "Effect of diosgenin on biliary cholesterol transport in the rat." Biochemical Journal 291, no. 3 (1993): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2910793.

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Biliary cholesterol output in rats was stimulated over 3-fold by feeding diosgenin for 5 days, whereas biliary outputs of phospholipid and bile salts were not changed by diosgenin feeding. Isolating and perfusing the liver without bile salts resulted in a rapid and substantial decrease in biliary bile salt output; bile salt depletion abolished the diosgenin-induced increment in biliary cholesterol output, showing that the diosgenin-elevated biliary cholesterol output was bile-salt-dependent. Diosgenin treatment also produced a significant decrease in biliary alkaline phosphodiesterase I. Fresh

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3

Cohen, D. E., M. Angelico, and M. C. Carey. "Quasielastic light scattering evidence for vesicular secretion of biliary lipids." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 257, no. 1 (1989): G1—G8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.257.1.g1.

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We employed quasielastic light scattering, negative-stain, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy to study the time-dependent physicochemical behavior of biliary lipids in fresh rat bile. Three to five minutes after bile collection, the earliest light scattering measurements and electron microscopy revealed unilamellar vesicles (mean hydrodynamic radius, Rh = 430-740 A) coexisting with mixed micelles (Rh = 20-120 A) in all biles. Both percent biliary vesicles (1 to greater than 70%) and micellar sizes varied inversely with bile salt concentration (range 1.6-72 mM) both during endogenous pool

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4

Spivak, W., and M. C. Carey. "Reverse-phase h.p.l.c. separation, quantification and preparation of bilirubin and its conjugates from native bile. Quantitative analysis of the intact tetrapyrroles based on h.p.l.c. of their ethyl anthranilate azo derivatives." Biochemical Journal 225, no. 3 (1985): 787–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2250787.

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We describe a facile and sensitive reverse-phase h.p.l.c. method for analytical separation of biliary bile pigments and direct quantification of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and its monoglucuronide (BMG) and diglucuronide (BDG) conjugates in bile. The method can be ‘scaled up’ for preparative isolation of pure BDG and BMG from pigment-enriched biles. We employed an Altex ultrasphere ODS column in the preparative steps and a Waters mu-Bondapak C18 column in the separatory and analytical procedures. Bile pigments were eluted with ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.5, and a 20 min linear gradient of 6

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5

Rahman, K., and R. Coleman. "Selective biliary lipid secretion at low bile-salt-output rates in the isolated perfused rat liver. Effects of phalloidin." Biochemical Journal 237, no. 1 (1986): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2370301.

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At high bile-salt-secretion rates the biliary secretion of phospholipids and cholesterol is dependent on that of the bile salts. However, at low bile-salt outputs some secretion remains. Isolated perfused rat livers were used in these experiments in order to study the bile-salt-independent secretion of biliary lipids. The livers were isolated and saline (0.9% NaCl), or phalloidin dissolved in saline, was added to the perfusion fluid after 1 h of liver isolation. The concentration and output of cholesterol was significantly decreased in phalloidin-treated livers compared with the controls, wher

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6

Vitetta, Luis, and Avni Sali. "Primary Bile Duct Stones and Bacterial Activity." HPB Surgery 6, no. 1 (1992): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/81017.

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The results of this study suggest that infection with beta-glucuronidase active bacteria is the initial event in the nucleation of primary bile duct stones (PBDS).PBDS from five patients were morphologically fragile and “earthy” with alternating light and dark brown pigment layers with no evidence of a distinct central nucleus that may have been reminiscent of a different structure. Chemically, calcium bilirubinate and calcium palmitate were prominent throughout their structure. All bile duct biles had a positive culture and were always associated with at least one bacterial species which was

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7

Berman, Marvin D., та Martin C. Carey. "Metastable and equilibrium phase diagrams of unconjugated bilirubin IXα as functions of pH in model bile systems: Implications for pigment gallstone formation". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 308, № 1 (2015): G42—G55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00277.2014.

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Metastable and equilibrium phase diagrams for unconjugated bilirubin IXα (UCB) in bile are yet to be determined for understanding the physical chemistry of pigment gallstone formation. Also, UCB is a molecule of considerable biomedical importance because it is a potent antioxidant and an inhibitor of atherogenesis. We employed principally a titrimetric approach to obtain metastable and equilibrium UCB solubilities in model bile systems composed of taurine-conjugated bile salts, egg yolk lecithin (mixed long-chain phosphatidylcholines), and cholesterol as functions of total lipid concentration,

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8

Whiting, M. J., and J. McK Watts. "Cholesterol gallstone pathogenesis: a study of potential nucleating agents for cholesterol crystal formation in bile." Clinical Science 68, no. 5 (1985): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0680589.

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1. Cholesterol monohydrate crystal formation was measured quantitatively in model bile solutions, which were supersaturated with cholesterol, by a radiochemical method and qualitatively in human gallbladder bile by polarizing microscopy. 2. Various agents, which have been postulated to act as nucleating factors for cholesterol crystal and gallstone formation, were added to bile and their effect on the appearance of cholesterol crystals was determined. These agents included calcium salts found in gallstones (calcite, aragonite, apatite, bilirubinate), Escherichia coli bacteria, pigment residues

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9

Das, John B., Nicholas D. Poulos, and G. Ghaus Ansari. "Biliary Lipid Composition and Bile Acid Profiles During and After Enteral Fast of Total Parenteral Nutrition in the Rabbit." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 22, no. 1 (1996): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1996.tb01508.x.

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SummaryFeeding and fasting influence biliary lipid composition. With total parenteral nutrition (TPN), it is possible to study the effects of a long‐term “enteral fast” on biliary lipid composition without the metabolic illeffects on nutrient deprivation. We compared the lipid and bile acid (BA) contents of hepatic and gallbladder biles in rabbits on completion of a 14‐day regimen of TPN with those in rabbits returned to oral feeds for 6 weeks after a similar spell of TPN. Chow‐fed rabbits served as controls. With TPN, plasma phospholipid and cholesterol levels were elevated. Basal bile flow a

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10

Ackerman, Norman B., Leian F. Sillin, and Kalkunte Suresh. "Consequences of intraperitoneal bile: Bile ascites versus bile peritonitis." American Journal of Surgery 149, no. 2 (1985): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9610(85)80078-7.

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11

Spivak, W., D. DiVenuto, and W. Yuey. "Non-enzymic hydrolysis of bilirubin mono- and diglucuronide to unconjugated bilirubin in model and native bile systems. Potential role in the formation of gallstones." Biochemical Journal 242, no. 2 (1987): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2420323.

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Pigment gallstones contain considerable amounts of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in the form of calcium bilirubinate and/or bilirubin polymers. Since more than 98% of bile pigments are excreted as conjugates of bilirubin, the source of this UCB needs to be identified. By using a rapid h.p.l.c. method, we compared the non-enzymic hydrolysis of bilirubin monoglucuronide (BMG) and bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG) to UCB in model bile and in native guinea-pig bile. Model biles containing 50 microM solutions of pure BMG and BDG were individually incubated in 25 mM-sodium taurocholate (NaTC) and 0.4 M-i

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12

Busuladžić, Adnan. "Nalaz ulomaka keramičkih posuda sa prikazom zmije iz Japre kod Bosanskog Novog." Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja, no. 39 (January 30, 2024): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/godisnjak.cbi.anubih.39.7.

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U antičko doba bile su prisutne predstave zmija u mnogim mitovima i kultovima. Zmija je često bila simbol života i smrti. Kao kultna životinja javlja se u Mitraizmu, a kao simbol zla javlja se u hrišćanskoj tradiciji. Na području velikog rudarskog nalazišta Japra pronađena su dva ulomka keramike sa predstavama zmija koje su bile omotane oko drške. Prema analogijom sa sličnim slučajevima može se reći da su ove posude povezane sa kultom Mitre i korišteni u vjerske svrhe.

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13

KURAMOTO, Taiju, Junko MIYAMOTO, Masaki KONISHI, Takahiko HOSHITA, Takako MASUI, and Mizuho UNE. "Bile Acids in Porcine Fetal Bile." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 23, no. 10 (2000): 1143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.23.1143.

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14

Neoptolemos, J. P. "Bile ducts and bile duct stones." Gut 40, no. 5 (1997): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.40.5.696-a.

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15

Reaves, Bradley, Jasmine Bowers, Nolen Scaife, et al. "Mo(bile) Money, Mo(bile) Problems." ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security 20, no. 3 (2017): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3092368.

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16

Ponsky, Jeffrey L. "Bile Ducts and Bile Duct Stones." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 45, no. 3 (1997): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(97)70294-3.

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17

Bi, Dan, Xing-Yun Chai, Yue-Lin Song, Yu Lei, and Peng-Fei Tu. "Novel Bile Acids from Bear Bile Powder and Bile of Geese." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 57, no. 5 (2009): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.57.528.

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18

Spivak, W., C. Morrison, D. Devinuto, and W. Yuey. "Spectrophotometric determination of the critical micellar concentration of bile salts using bilirubin monoglucuronide as a micellar probe. Utility of derivative spectroscopy." Biochemical Journal 252, no. 1 (1988): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2520275.

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We have developed a simple biologically non-invasive method for determining the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of bile salts using pure naturally occurring bilirubin IX alpha monoglucuronide (BMG), an important bile pigment present in virtually all mammalian biles. This methodology employs visible absorbance spectroscopy of BMG in bile salts over a range of bile salt concentrations that include the reported CMC. Using 100 microM-BMG in 0.4 M-imidazole buffer at pH 7.8, we calculated that the CMC for sodium taurochenodeoxycholate is between 2.5 and 3.0 mM based on: (1) an abrupt change i

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19

Dusserre, J. P., A. M. Montet, and J. C. Montet. "Effect of hyocholic acid on the prevention and dissolution of biliary cholesterol crystals in mice." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 8 (1988): 1028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-168.

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Gallstone prevention and dissolution were studied in a mouse model of cholesterol cholelithiasis using hyocholic acid (3α, 6α, 7α-trihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid). Addition of hyocholic acid, 0.1 or 0.3%, in the lithogenic diet (1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid) prevented the formation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals in 70 and 90% of cases, respectively. On the other hand, chow diet supplemented with 0.1 or 0.3% hyocholic acid dissolved cholesterol crystals in lithiasic mice in, respectively, 80 and 100% of cases within 12 days. In both protocols, biles were largely supersaturated with choles

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20

Popović, Virđinija, and Ivana Ivanić. "UTICAJ KINESKE KULTURE NA RUMUNSKU KNJIŽEVNOST." РУСИНИСТИЧНИ СТУДИЇ 6, no. 6 (2023): 219. https://doi.org/10.19090/rs.2022.6.219-228.

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Najstarija civilizacija na svetu je bila oduvek predmet inspiracije za mnogobrojne svetske pisce pa tako i rumunske, među koje spada i najpoznatiji rumunski pesnik, Mihaj Eminesku kao i veliki pisac putopisa Nikolae Milesku Spataru. Kineske religije i filozofija Dalekog istoka, lepote Kine pa čak i ekonomija su bile citirane, slavljene i upoređene sa evropskom i balkanskom kulturom na oko 15.000 stranica rumunske publicistike a lepote Kine su bile opisane u rumunskim putopisima koji datiraju još iz 19. veka. U radu će biti prikazana rumunska literatura u kojoj je Kina bila predmet inspiracije

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21

Batič, Kristina, Polona Rus Prelog, and Žiga Kozinc. "Povezava med kognitivni funkcijami in telesnimi sposobnostmi pri osebah z Alzheimerjevo demenco: prečno-presečna študija." Šport: revija za teoretična in praktična vprašanja športa 73, no. 1-2 (2025): 108–14. https://doi.org/10.52165/sport.73.1-2.108-114.

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Uvod: Zaradi številnih potencialnih gibalnih težav je pri osebah z Alzheimerjevo demenco poleg spremljanja kognitivne funkcije smiselno tudi redno in natančno vrednotenje gibalnih funkcij. Namen te raziskave je preučiti razmerja med različnimi merami izida za ocenjevanje gibalnih sposobnosti ter stopnjo kognitivnega upada pri osebah z Alzheimerjevo demenco. Metode: Izvedena je bila retrospekitvna prečno-presečna študija, v katero je bilo vključenih 497 pacientov z Alzheimerjevo demenco. Ocenjene so bile gibalne sposobnosti z baterijo šestih testov: De Mortonovim indeksom pomičnosti (DEMMI), 6-

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22

KURBANIYAZOV, Zafar Babazhanovich, Ismoil Alievich ARZIEV, and Manon Bakhramovich BARATOV. "IMPROVEMENT OF SURGICAL TACTICS IN BILE LEAKAGE AND BILE PERITONITIS AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY." Journal of biomedicine and practice 7, no. 2 (2022): 359–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6589584.

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The paper analyzes the results of surgical treatment of 5247 patients for various forms of cholelithiasis. Bile leakage and bile peritonitis in the postoperative period were observed in 93 patients due to "small" injuries (aberrant hepatocystic ducts of the gallbladder bed - Luschka ducts, leakage of the cystic duct stump, loss of drainage from the choledochus) and damage to the main bile ducts ("large" injuries. ) Improving the treatment and diagnostic tactics in patients with bile leakage after CE made it possible to significantly improve the results of treatment in the m

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23

Camogliano, L., and A. Casu. "Bile acids in bile after monensin treatment." Experimental pathology 36, no. 1 (1989): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0232-1513(89)80108-2.

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24

Kuroki, S., K. Shimazu, M. Kuwabara, et al. "Identification of bile alcohols in human bile." Journal of Lipid Research 26, no. 2 (1985): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34393-5.

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25

Cotting, J., and J. Reichen. "Bile salts and hydrodynamics of bile formation." Journal of Hepatology 8, no. 1 (1989): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(89)90156-6.

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26

Hiraoka, T., T. Kohda, D. Kosaka, et al. "Identification of bile alcohols in rat bile." Journal of Lipid Research 30, no. 12 (1989): 1889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38201-8.

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27

Witz, Misha. "Bile Composition and Bile Acid Pool Size." Archives of Surgery 120, no. 11 (1985): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1985.01390350086018.

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28

Dyuzheva, T.G., A.V. Lyundup, I.D. Klabukov, et al. "Prospects for tissue engineered bile duct." Genes and Cells 11, no. 1 (2016): 43–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175833.

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Intraoperative bile duct injures requiring its repair observed in 0.05-2.7% of patients, who underwent cholecystectomy due to cholelithiasis. Lots of patients require reconstructive bile duct surgery given that cholecystectomy is the second most common surgery in the abdominal region, and more than 1 mln operations are made all over the world per year. Previously stitching of the crossed bile duct edges was used, but in most cases this entailed the bile duct stricture and disturbance of the bile outflow. At present, the standard surgery includes suturing of the duct with small intestine, but s

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29

IIDA, Takashi, Toshiaki MOMOSE, Frederic C. CHANG, Junichi GOTO, and Tosio NAMBARA. "Potential bile acid metabolites. XV. Synthesis of 4.BETA.-hydroxylated bile acids; unique bile acids in human fetal bile." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 37, no. 12 (1989): 3323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.3323.

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30

Mijač, Marina, Ognjen Brborović, and Hana Brborović. "Pregled uzroka nesposobnosti željezničkih izvršnih radnika." Sigurnost 64, no. 4 (2022): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.64.4.6.

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Istraživanje je provedeno na 409 željezničkih radnika koji su u razdoblju od 5 godina pregledavani u Ustanovi za zdravstvenu skrb dr. Mijač. Cilj je bio analizirati tip i vrstu zdravstvenog pregleda, ocjenu radne sposobnosti te ustanoviti razloge zbog kojih su radnici bili privremeno ili trajno nesposobni. Analizirani su broj i vrsta pregleda te broj i vrsta ocjene radne sposobnosti. Žene je uključivalo 3,3 % pregleda, a 96,7 % muškarce, vjerojatno zbog specifičnosti željezničkog posla te je najveći broj pregledanih pripadalo dobnoj skupini 41-62. Obavljena su 62 prethodna, 672 periodična, 10

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31

Fracchia, M., S. Pellegrino, P. Secreto, A. Pera, and G. Galatola. "Biliary lipid composition in idiopathic bile acid malabsorption." Gut 43, no. 6 (1998): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.43.6.812.

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Background—Chronic diarrhoea is the clinical hallmark of patients presenting with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption. Its pathogenesis is unknown; colonic water secretion can be induced by dihydroxy bile acids, but it is not known whether enrichment of the bile acid pool with these bile acids occurs in such patients. Furthermore, bile acid malabsorption is known to affect biliary lipid composition, but no information is available for the idiopathic type.Aims—To verify: (a) whether diarrhoea in patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption is associated with enrichment of the bile acid pool

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32

Hamilton, James P., Guofeng Xie, Jean-Pierre Raufman, et al. "Human cecal bile acids: concentration and spectrum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 293, no. 1 (2007): G256—G263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00027.2007.

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To obtain information on the concentration and spectrum of bile acids in human cecal content, samples were obtained from 19 persons who had died an unnatural death from causes such as trauma, homicide, suicide, or drug overdose. Bile acid concentration was measured via an enzymatic assay for 3α-hydroxy bile acids; bile acid classes were determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and individual bile acids by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The 3α-hydroxy bile acid concentration (μmol bile acid/ml cecal content) was 0.4 ± 0.2 mM (mea

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33

Hagi, Tatsuro, Sharon Y. Geerlings, Bart Nijsse, and Clara Belzer. "The effect of bile acids on the growth and global gene expression profiles in Akkermansia muciniphila." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, no. 24 (2020): 10641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10976-3.

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Abstract Akkermansia muciniphila is a prominent member of the gut microbiota and the organism gets exposed to bile acids within this niche. Several gut bacteria have bile response genes to metabolize bile acids or an ability to change their membrane structure to prevent membrane damage from bile acids. To understand the response to bile acids and how A. muciniphila can persist in the gut, we studied the effect of bile acids and individual bile salts on growth. In addition, the change in gene expression under ox-bile condition was studied. The growth of A. muciniphila was inhibited by ox-bile a

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34

BERNIK, VALERIJA. "WOMEN VETERANS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR." VETERANSKE ORGANIZACIJE – ALI JIH SPLOH POTREBUJEMO?/ VETERAN ORGANISATIONS – ARE THEY EVEN NEEDED?, VOLUME 2017/ ISSUE 19/2 (June 15, 2017): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.19.2.5.

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Povzetek Druga svetovna vojna je bila obdobje, ko so bile ženske prvič v zgodovini v velikem obsegu vključene v vojaško službo. Zavezniki so jih vključevali v vojaške aktivnosti že vse od začetka vojne, tako v civilnem kot v vojaškem sektorju. Sovjetska zveza je za vojaško službo mobilizirala največji odstotek ženske populacije, Združene države Amerike pa so oblikovale homogene ženske vojaške enote. Ženske so bile aktivne tudi v partizanskih vojskah v Evropi. Borke so pokazale izjemne sposobnosti, bile so dragocene za vojaško moč svoje države, vendar so bile množično demobilizirane, ko se je v

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35

Chiang, John YL. "Recent advances in understanding bile acid homeostasis." F1000Research 6 (November 20, 2017): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12449.1.

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Bile acids are derived from cholesterol to facilitate intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary secretion of cholesterol. Recent studies have identified bile acids as signaling molecules that activate nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 (Gpbar-1, also known as TGR5) to maintain metabolic homeostasis and protect liver and other tissues and cells from bile acid toxicity. Bile acid homeostasis is regulated by a complex mechanism of feedback and feedforward regulation that is not completely understood. This review will cover recent advances in bi

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36

Howard, P. J., and G. M. Murphy. "Bile physiology." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2, no. 5 (1986): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198609000-00002.

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37

Howard, P. J., and G. M. Murphy. "Bile physiology." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 3, no. 5 (1987): 618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198709000-00002.

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38

Howard, P. J., and G. M. Murphy. "Bile physiology." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 4, no. 5 (1988): 721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198809000-00002.

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39

Howard, P. J., and G. M. Murphy. "Bile physiology." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 5, no. 5 (1989): 596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198910000-00002.

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40

Howard, Philip J., and Gerard M. Murphy. "Bile physiology." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 7, no. 5 (1991): 747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199110000-00011.

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41

Howard, Philip J., and Gerard M. Murphy. "Bile physiology." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 8, no. 5 (1992): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199210000-00002.

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42

Howard, Philip J., and Gerard M. Murphy. "Bile physiology." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 9, no. 5 (1993): 791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199309000-00011.

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43

Murphy, G. M. "Bile physiology." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1, no. 5 (1985): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198509000-00002.

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Erlinger, S. "Bile secretion." British Medical Bulletin 48, no. 4 (1992): 860–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072582.

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Denson, L. "Got bile?" Hepatology 33, no. 2 (2001): 476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2001.0330476.

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Kritchevsky, D. "Bile acids." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 1 (October 1991): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008469-199110002-00005.

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Pinker, Steven. "Innate bile." New Scientist 196, no. 2630 (2007): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)62897-8.

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Patrick, Ping H., and William H. Elliott. "Bile acids." Journal of Chromatography A 347 (January 1985): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)95479-2.

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Poupon, R., and Y. Chrétien. "Bile secretion." Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 34, no. 6-7 (2010): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.016.

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Abbott, David A., David E. Schlarman, Ping H. Patrick, Daniel M. Tal, and William H. Elliott. "Bile acids." Analytical Biochemistry 146, no. 2 (1985): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(85)90566-4.

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