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Journal articles on the topic 'Biliary tract disease'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Bates, Daniel M., and George W. Girvin. "Biliary tract disease." American Journal of Surgery 153, no. 6 (June 1987): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(87)90149-8.

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2

Karrer, F. M., Roberta J. Hall, Barbara A. Stewart, and John R. Lilly. "Congenital Biliary Tract Disease." Surgical Clinics of North America 70, no. 6 (December 1990): 1403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(16)45291-6.

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3

Knisely, A. S. "Paediatric biliary-tract disease." Current Diagnostic Pathology 8, no. 3 (June 2002): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/cdip.2002.0110.

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4

Ricketts, Richard R. "Congenital biliary tract disease." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 26, no. 7 (July 1991): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3468(91)90207-a.

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5

O’Connor, Owen J., Siobhan O’Neill, and Michael M. Maher. "Imaging of Biliary Tract Disease." American Journal of Roentgenology 197, no. 4 (October 2011): W551—W558. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.10.4341.

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6

McEvoy, Colston F., and Frederick J. Suchy. "BILIARY TRACT DISEASE IN CHILDREN." Pediatric Clinics of North America 43, no. 1 (February 1996): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70398-9.

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7

Blaser, Martin J. "Helicobacters and biliary tract disease." Gastroenterology 114, no. 4 (April 1998): 840–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70598-0.

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8

Cello, John P. "AIDS-Related Biliary Tract Disease." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 8, no. 4 (October 1998): 963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-5157(18)30242-3.

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9

Rai, Rudra, and Anthony N. Kalloo. "Biliary Tract Disease in Pregnancy." Journal SOGC 19, no. 10 (September 1997): 1075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0849-5831(97)80043-2.

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10

Yates, Munford R., and Todd H. Baron. "BILIARY TRACT DISEASE IN PREGNANCY." Clinics in Liver Disease 3, no. 1 (February 1999): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70058-1.

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11

Cello, John P., and Stanley J. Rogers. "HIV-associated biliary tract disease." Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 4, no. 2 (April 2002): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/tgie.2002.33011.

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12

Höblinger, Aksana, and Frank Lammert. "Genetics of biliary tract diseases: new insights into gallstone disease and biliary tract cancers." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 24, no. 3 (May 2008): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mog.0b013e3282f79b32.

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13

Spence, Lara H., Samuel Schwartz, Amy H. Kaji, David Plurad, and Dennis Kim. "Concurrent Biliary Disease Increases the Risk for Conversion and Bile Duct Injury in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Retrospective Analysis at a County Teaching Hospital." American Surgeon 83, no. 10 (October 2017): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708301002.

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Biliary tract disease remains a common indication for operative intervention. The incidence of concurrent biliary tract disease (>2 biliary tract disease processes) is unknown and the impact of more than one biliary tract diagnosis on outcomes remains to be defined. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of concurrent biliary tract disease on conversion rate and outcomes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A 5-year retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed comparing those with a single biliary diagnosis to patients with concurrent biliary tract disease. Variables analyzed were conversion to open cholecystectomy, incidence of bile duct injury, use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or intraoperative cholangiogram, length of surgery, and duration of hospitalization. The incidence of concurrent biliary tract disease was 9 per cent and a conversion to open cholecystectomy was performed in 16 per cent of patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, concurrent biliary tract disease was predictive of conversion (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.3, P = 0.03) and bile duct injury (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 0.8–5, P = 0.01). Concurrent biliary tract disease patients were more likely to undergo intraoperative cholangiogram or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, as well as longer operation and length of stay.
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14

Henryk, Dancygier. "Endosonographic Evaluation of Biliary Tract Disease." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 2, no. 4 (October 1992): 697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-5157(18)30614-7.

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15

Krasman, Manus L., William A. Grade, and Stanley R. Strasius. "Biliary Tract Disease in the Aged." Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 7, no. 2 (May 1991): 347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30556-1.

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16

Kalaitzakis, Evangelos, and George J. Webster. "Endoscopic diagnosis of biliary tract disease." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 28, no. 3 (May 2012): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mog.0b013e328351436e.

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17

Mezoff, A. G., D. L. PreudʼHommoe, D. J. Cavanaugh, and C. D. Goodwin. "ACALCULOUS BILIARY TRACT DISEASE IN CHILDREN." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 21, no. 3 (October 1995): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199510000-00092.

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18

Huguier, Michel. "Choledochoduodenostomy for Calculous Biliary Tract Disease." Archives of Surgery 120, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1985.01390260099014.

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19

Beyer III, A. James. "Nonoperative Treatment of Biliary Tract Disease." Archives of Surgery 133, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.133.11.1172.

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20

Scotiniotis, Ilias, and Michael L. Kochman. "Endoscopic management of biliary tract disease." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 14, no. 5 (September 1998): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199809000-00012.

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21

Pfau, Patrick R., and Michael L. Kochman. "Endoscopic management of biliary tract disease." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 15, no. 5 (September 1999): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199909000-00013.

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22

Shah, Janak N., and Michael L. Kochman. "Endoscopic management of biliary tract disease." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 17, no. 5 (September 2001): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-200109000-00012.

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23

SATTAR, ABDUL, SHAUKAT ALI, and SHAZIA BATOOL RANA. "BILIARY TRACT INJURY." Professional Medical Journal 13, no. 02 (June 25, 2006): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.02.5024.

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Objective:-To observe the rate of biliary tract injury and to prove theeffectiveness of mini-cholecystectomy in developing countries. Setting:- Department of Surgery, Nishtar Hospital,Multan. Design:- Descriptive study. Duration:- One year, starting from October 2002 to October 2003. Material andmethods: Total 50 patients were treated with mini-cholecystectomy. Follow up for complication was done for the periodof 6 months after procedure. Results: In 50 patients there was no bile duct injury. Biliary peritonitis and strictures wereseen in 2(4%) patients. Patients developed biliary leakage in which drain was not put at the time of operation and onlydrain was put and recovered. Conclusion: Mini-cholecystectomy is relatively economical method for the treatment ofgall stone disease which is associated with less patients discomfort and less incidence of postoperative complications,short hospital stay, good cosmetic results, early return to work, so it should always be preferred to conventionalcholecystectomy.
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24

Hedström, Johan, Caj Haglund, Esko Kemppainen, Maarit Leinimaa, Jari Leinonen, and Ulf-Håkan Stenman. "Time-resolved Immunofluorometric Assay of Trypsin-1 Complexed with α1-Antitrypsin in Serum: Increased Immunoreactivity in Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 1768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.10.1768.

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Abstract Background: Increased serum concentrations of trypsin immunoreactivity occur in patients with biliary tract cancer. To characterize this trypsin, we developed a sensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for trypsin-1 complexed with α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and studied the concentrations of this complex in sera from healthy individuals (n = 130) and patients with benign biliary disease (n = 32), biliary tract cancer (n = 17), pancreatic cancer (n = 27), and hepatocellular cancer (n = 12). Methods: We used a trypsin-1-specific monoclonal antibody on the solid phase and a europium-labeled polyclonal antibody to AAT as tracer. The detection limit was 0.42 μg/L. The validity of the trypsin-1-AAT test for detection of biliary tract cancer was compared with trypsin-2-AAT and CA19-9. Results: Increased concentrations of trypsin-1-AAT (>33 μg/L) were found in 76% of patients with biliary tract cancer, and the concentrations were significantly higher than in those with benign biliary disease (P <0.0001). The median concentration of trypsin-1-AAT in serum from patients with biliary tract cancer was 3.7-fold higher than in healthy controls, 2.6-fold higher than in patients with benign biliary tract disease, 1.7-fold higher than in patients with pancreatic cancer, and 2.0-fold higher than in patients with hepatocellular cancer. Conclusions: Of the markers studied, trypsin-1-AAT had the largest area (0.83) under the receiver operating curve in differentiating biliary tract cancer from benign biliary tract disease. Our results suggest that trypsin-1-AAT is a new potential marker for biliary tract cancer.
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25

Arellano, Ronald, and Onofrio Catalano. "Imaging of Biliary Infections." Digestive Disease Interventions 01, no. 01 (March 2017): 003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599798.

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AbstractBiliary tract infections cover a wide spectrum of etiologies and clinical presentations. Imaging plays an important role in understanding the etiology and as well as the extent of disease. Imaging also plays a vital role in assessing treatment response once a diagnosis is established. This article will review the imaging findings of commonly encountered biliary tract infectious diseases.
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26

Chu, David, and Douglas G. Adler. "Malignant Biliary Tract Obstruction: Evaluation and Therapy." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 8, no. 9 (September 2010): 1033–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2010.0075.

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Malignant biliary tract obstruction is a common clinical entity. Patients with tumors causing biliary tract obstruction are often asymptomatic until disease is significantly advanced. Symptoms of obstructive jaundice can significantly impair quality-of-life unless intervention to decompress the biliary tract, either curative or palliative, is performed. This article reviews the evaluation and management of patients with malignant biliary tract obstruction, including the available imaging and treatment modalities (endoscopic, percutaneous, and surgical approach) for relieving malignant biliary tract obstruction.
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27

Leelawat, Kawin, Siriluck Narong, Jerasak Wannaprasert, and Surang Leelawat. "Serum NGAL to Clinically Distinguish Cholangiocarcinoma from Benign Biliary Tract Diseases." International Journal of Hepatology 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/873548.

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Aim. To determine whether the serum level of NGAL can discriminate cholangiocarcinoma from benign biliary tract disease in patients.Methods. This study was performed according to a prospective-specimen-collection, retrospective-blinded-evaluation (PRoBE) design. A total of 50 cholangiocarcinoma and 50 benign biliary tract disease cases were randomly selected from a cohort of consecutive cases of biliary tract diseases. Their sera were measured for the levels of NGAL and the widely used serum cholangiocarcinoma marker, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9).Results. The serum CA19-9 and NGAL levels were significantly elevated in cholangiocarcinoma patients (CA19-9: , NGAL: ). The area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma of CA19-9 and NGAL was 0.81 and 0.79, respectively.Conclusion. The diagnostic accuracy of serum NGAL and CA19-9 makes them good candidates for use as biomarkers to discriminate cholangiocarcinoma patients from benign biliary tract disease patients.
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28

STILLMAN, ALFRED E. "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Biliary Tract Disease." Annals of Internal Medicine 106, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-4-634_1.

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29

Miyazaki, Satoru, Tsuguo Sakamoto, Keishi Kuwata, Yoshirou Yamazaki, Hajime Yamazaki, Yoshikazu Morimoto, Hirokazu Kishima, Masahiro Tanemura, and Masahiko Miyata. "Perivaterian Diverticula Relationship to Biliary Tract Disease." Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery 26, no. 7 (1993): 2003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5833/jjgs.26.2003.

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30

Baron, Richard L., Mitchell E. Tublin, and Mark S. Peterson. "Imaging the spectrum of biliary tract disease." Radiologic Clinics of North America 40, no. 6 (December 2002): 1325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-8389(02)00045-3.

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31

Nash, Joseph A., and Seth A. Cohen. "GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT DISEASE IN AIDS." Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 26, no. 2 (June 1997): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70297-1.

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32

Plevak, David J. "Anesthesia in Hepatic and Biliary Tract Disease." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 64, no. 7 (July 1989): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61774-1.

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33

JOHNSTON, DAVID E. "Anesthesia in Hepatic and Biliary Tract Disease." Journal Of Clinical Gastroenterology 11, no. 3 (June 1989): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004836-198906000-00028.

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34

Lin, TC, and S. Steinberg. "ERCP for biliary tract disease in pregnancy." Gastroenterology 114 (April 1998): A529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(98)82149-5.

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35

Cello, John. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Biliary Tract Disease." Seminars in Liver Disease 12, no. 02 (May 1992): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1007393.

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36

Glaser, Shannon S., Eugenio Gaudio, and Gianfranco Alpini. "Vascular factors, angiogenesis and biliary tract disease." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 26, no. 3 (May 2010): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mog.0b013e3283369d19.

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37

Maze, Mervyn. "Anesthesia in Hepatic and Biliary Tract Disease." Anesthesia & Analgesia 68, no. 5 (May 1989): 703???704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-198905000-00036.

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38

Bassendine, M. F., K. W. Woodhouse, M. Bennett, and O. F. James. "Dextropropoxyphene induced hepatotoxicity mimicking biliary tract disease." Gut 27, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.27.4.444.

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39

Neumayer, Leigh, Michael Marcaccio, and Brendan Visser. "Management of Biliary Tract Disease During Pregnancy." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 210, no. 3 (March 2010): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.12.009.

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40

Yang, Huali, Liangchao Zhao, Qinghua Wu, Nengping Li, and Lei Kong. "Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Disease Based on Ultrasound Tissue Harmonic Imaging." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3095.

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With the deepening of ultrasound imaging research, studying nonlinear phenomena in medical ultrasound will help people to further improve the existing diagnostic level. Harmonic imaging technology generated in recent years is an effective new technology for nonlinear acoustics in ultrasonic diagnosis. Patients with biliary tract lesions generally have few symptoms, which are often detected by chance during physical examination. Ultrasonography is currently the preferred diagnostic method for biliary tract disease. The application of tissue harmonic imaging (THI) can effectively eliminate many near-field misdiagnosed images, enhance the tissue echo of deep tissues or organs, and significantly improve signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. At the same time, it can better display the subtle features of biliary diseases, thereby reducing the rate of missed diagnosis and improving the accuracy of diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the changes of ultrasound images in the lesions and surrounding tissues of several biliary lesions by ultrasound tissue harmonic imaging technology, and realized the diagnosis in the early stage of the disease by means of tissue harmonic imaging technology, then provided objective quantitative indicators for the diagnosis of biliary diseases. Also, this study confirmed that tissue harmonic imaging technology can significantly improve the ultrasound image resolution of biliary tract disease, clearly showing the sub-acute gallbladder wall, gallbladder wall, gallbladder cavity in the acute and chronic inflammation and the presence of subtle changes in the tumor. This can provide a rich diagnostic value for the clinic and has practical significance for clinical treatment.
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41

Horgan, Anne M., and Jennifer J. Knox. "Adjuvant Therapy for Biliary Tract Cancers." Journal of Oncology Practice 14, no. 12 (December 2018): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.18.00558.

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Biliary tract cancers, including gallbladder cancer, intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinomas, although anatomically contiguous, represent a heterogeneous group of cancers with extensive biologic and genetic diversity. With early disease, surgical resection is the preferred option for all subtypes; however, relapse rates remain high, and survival outcomes are poor. Data to guide the use of adjuvant therapy have been limited to retrospective series, population-based studies, and meta-analyses, all with their associated limitations. The number of prospective trials ongoing or completed is increasing, and these results will ultimately dictate optimal treatment of this group of diseases. This review summarizes the data for adjuvant therapy in biliary tract cancers.
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42

Parks, R. W., G. W. Johnston, and B. J. Rowlands. "Surgical biliary bypass for benign and malignant extrahepatic biliary tract disease." British Journal of Surgery 84, no. 4 (April 1997): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.1997.02734.x.

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43

Parks, R. W., G. W. Johnston, and B. J. Rowlands. "Surgical biliary bypass for benign and malignant extrahepatic biliary tract disease." British Journal of Surgery 84, no. 4 (April 1997): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800840415.

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44

PARK, Min-Su, Bumsoo KIM, and Sangmok LEE. "A study of biliary microbiota in patients with biliary tract disease." Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): S170. http://dx.doi.org/10.14701/ahbps.bp-pp-4-2.

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45

Chan, Emily, and Jordan Berlin. "Biliary Tract Cancers: Understudied and Poorly Understood." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 16 (June 1, 2015): 1845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.59.7591.

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Biliary tract cancers are a heterogeneous group of cancers that arise in either the intra- or extrahepatic bile ducts or the gallbladder. Local therapy with surgical resection and perhaps radiation therapy is used for localized disease. There is no known effective adjuvant therapy, although various combinations have been used clinically without definitive data showing a benefit. The most standard chemotherapy for metastatic disease is gemcitabine plus cisplatin based on a single positive randomized trial. Genetic mutations that may lead to better, targeted therapy choices are being identified, albeit with variable frequency. Early studies of targeted agents have been negative, but these were in unselected patients where it was unknown whether the target was activated in any individual patient. Careful selection of patients enrolling onto trials of targeted agents will make the subsets of biliary tract cancers even smaller but is likely necessary to improve outcomes from these deadly diseases.
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46

Wang, Hanlin L., Christopher J. Kim, Jamie Koo, Wendi Zhou, Eunice K. Choi, Ramir Arcega, Zongming Eric Chen, Huamin Wang, Lanjing Zhang, and Fan Lin. "Practical Immunohistochemistry in Neoplastic Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 141, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 1155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0489-ra.

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Context.— Immunomarkers with diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic values have been increasingly used to maximize the benefits of clinical management of patients with neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Objectives.— To review the characteristics of immunomarkers that are commonly used in surgical pathology practice for neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas, and to summarize the clinical usefulness of immunomarkers that have been discovered in recent years in these fields. Data Sources.— Data sources include literature review, authors' research data, and personal practice experience. Conclusions.— Immunohistochemistry is an indispensable tool for the accurate diagnosis of neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Useful immunomarkers are available to help distinguish malignant neoplasms from benign conditions, determine organ origins, and subclassify neoplasms that are morphologically and biologically heterogeneous. Specific immunomarkers are also available to help guide patient treatment and assess disease aggressiveness, which are keys to the success of personalized medicine. Pathologists will continue to play a critical role in the discovery, validation, and application of new biomarkers, which will ultimately improve patient care.
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47

Hrad, Valery, Yoftahe Abebe, Syed Haris Ali, Jared Velgersdyk, Mohammed Al Hallak, and Mohamad Imam. "Risk and Surveillance of Cancers in Primary Biliary Tract Disease." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3432640.

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Primary biliary diseases have been associated in several studies with various malignancies. Understanding the risk and optimizing surveillance strategy of these malignancies in this specific subset of patients are an important facet of clinical care. For instance, primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with an increased risk for cholangiocarcinoma (which is very challenging to diagnose) and when IBD is present for colorectal cancer. On the other hand, primary biliary cirrhosis patients with cirrhosis or not responding to 12 months of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy are at increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review we will discuss in detail the risks and optimal surveillance strategies for patients with primary biliary diseases.
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48

Sugita, Tomonori, Katsushi Amano, Masanori Nakano, Noriko Masubuchi, Masahiro Sugihara, and Tomokazu Matsuura. "Analysis of the Serum Bile Acid Composition for Differential Diagnosis in Patients with Liver Disease." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/717431.

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Objectives. We determined the serum bile acid (BA) composition in patients with liver diseases and healthy volunteers to investigate the relationship between the etiologies of liver disease and BA metabolism.Material and Methods. Sera from 150 patients with liver diseases and 46 healthy volunteers were obtained. The serum concentrations of the 16 different BAs were determined according to the LC-MS/MS method and were compared between the different liver diseases.Results. A total of 150 subjects, including patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (n=44), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (n=23), alcoholic liver disease (ALD) (n=21), biliary tract disease (n=20), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (n=13), and other liver diseases (n=29), were recruited. The levels of UDCA and GUDCA were significantly higher in the ALD group, and the levels of DCA and UDCA were significantly lower in the biliary tract diseases group than in viral hepatitis group. In the UDCA therapy (−) subgroup, a significantly lower level of TLCA was observed in the ALD group, with lower levels of CDCA, DCA, and GLCA noted in biliary tract diseases group compared to viral hepatitis group.Conclusions. Analysis of the BA composition may be useful for differential diagnosis in liver disease.
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49

Bridgewater, John A., Karyn A. Goodman, Aparna Kalyan, and Mary F. Mulcahy. "Biliary Tract Cancer: Epidemiology, Radiotherapy, and Molecular Profiling." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 36 (May 2016): e194-e203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_160831.

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Biliary tract cancer, or cholangiocarcinoma, arises from the biliary epithelium of the small ducts in the periphery of the liver (intrahepatic) and the main ducts of the hilum (extrahepatic), extending into the gallbladder. The incidence and epidemiology of biliary tract cancer are fluid and complex. It is shown that intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is on the rise in the Western world, and gallbladder cancer is on the decline. Radiation therapy has emerged as an important component of adjuvant therapy for resected disease and definitive therapy for locally advanced disease. The emerging sophisticated techniques of imaging tumors and conformal dose delivery are expanding the indications for radiotherapy in the management of bile duct tumors. As we understand more about the molecular pathways driving biliary tract cancers, targeted therapies are at the forefront of new therapeutic combinations. Understanding the gene expression profile and mutational burden in biliary tract cancer allows us to better discern the pathogenesis and identify promising new developmental therapeutic targets.
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50

NAKAZAWA, SABURO. "Diagnosis and treatment of hepato-biliary-pancreatic disease.Recent advance.4.Biliary tract disease.1.Diagnostic imaging of biliary tract cancer." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 81, no. 3 (1992): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.81.316.

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