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Journal articles on the topic 'Bill of exchange'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Czaplicki, Paweł. "The Electronic Bill of Exchange Concept from an International Perspective." Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 26, no. 5 (2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2021.26.05.11.

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Abstract The aim of the article is to examine the structures of electronic bills of exchange. It also includes an analysis of the proposed shape of an electronic bill of exchange prepared for the needs of the Polish legal system by the Working Group for distributed registers and blockchain, operating at the Ministry of Digitalization. The comparative and dogmatic methods were used for the analysis. According to the hypothesis put forward by the author, the introduction of the construction of an electronic bill of exchange to the Polish and foreign legal systems is necessary to maintain the fun

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Forsyth, Christopher. "When is a bill of exchange not a bill of exchange? The effect of an inadvertent deletion." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 1 (1999): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399271012.

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IT is often to the advantage of a defendant sued on an instrument that appears to be a bill of exchange to argue that it is not. The instrument will then generally not be negotiable and summary judgment will not be available under R.S.C. Order 14. Contractual defences will be able to be raised and counterclaims made. In short, instead of summary proceedings which the defendant would be denied leave to defend, the plaintiff will have to face the delay and expense of a full trial. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. v. G D Trade Co. Ltd. [1998] C.L.C. 238 (C.A.) is an example of this. Th

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ARSLAN, Firdevs. "Kambiyo Senetlerinde Aval The Bill Guarantee in Bills of Exchange." İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 6, no. 1 (2015): 93–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/iau.hfd.2015.018/hfd_v06i1005.

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Reyes Guzmán, Gerardo, María Esther Pimentel Canizales, and Perla Esperanza Rostro Hernández. "Exchange Rate and Stock Market in Mexico: A Correlation Analysis (1993-2022)." Nova Scientia 15, no. 31 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21640/ns.v15i31.3452.

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The aim of this paper is to estimate using monthly data the influence of the Mexican Stock Market in the nominal Exchange Rate from 1993 to 2022. We conducted an Exploratory Data Analysis to identify the most important correlations of the following monetary variables: 28-day Mexican Debt bills/ (T-Bill), interest rates, inflation, and Stock Exchange Market both from Mexico and from the USA respectively. We then resorted to a VAR model to indentify which of these variables determined changes in Mexico´s nominal Exchange Rate more significantly. During the period in question the model showed, th

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Pešić, Vladimir. "Elektronska menica kao potencijalno novi institut srpskog prava." Pravo i privreda 61, no. 2 (2023): 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/pip_23219a.

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In this paper the author examines whether the bill of exchange can be an electronic record, instead of a paper document. Today, a lot of communication among merchants goes on electronically. That is the reason why there is a need for digitalization of this security. Although it is not regulated in Serbian applicable law, it is necessary to examine basic questions about it, especially its issuing and using. We looked at the regulation of electronic documents and electronic signature, comparing it with the Serbian Bill of Exchange Act. When we consider our applicable law in area of electronic co

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Hill, Ronald Paul. "Bill Collectors and Consumers: A Troublesome Exchange Relationship." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 13, no. 1 (1994): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569401300102.

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The author examines the interface between bill collectors and consumers through the use of in-depth interviews. One important result is a profile of both bill collectors and consumer debtors that includes an understanding of their beliefs and attitudes toward as well as reactions to each other. To develop this profile, details of the debt collection process, including the activities of bill collectors, the reactions of consumers, and their resulting relationship, are provided. The author closes with public policy implications, further research opportunities, and broader implications for market

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Cvetkova, Irina. "PROMISSORY NOTES’ TERMINALS AS A WAY OF GAMBLING LEGALIZATION IN RUSSIA." Administrative and Criminal Justice 2, no. 87 (2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v2i87.4022.

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With the evolving commodity-money relations the promissory note has gradually become a universal credit-settlement instrument used in business and banking practice. In the XXI century the promissory note market started to be used both for virtual transactioning and for the transactioning not directly related to the receipt of the particular monetary funds and even for the pursuit of the activities under a ban. After the gambling ban at almost the entire territory of the Russian Federation, stock exchange programmes and bill of exchange terminals started to be actively used to legalize gambling

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PIEPRZYCA, Piotr. "ANALYSE CONTRASTIVE DE LA TERMINOLOGIE DU DROIT CAMBIAIRE DANS LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE ET POLONAISE." Comparative Legilinguistics 30 (October 29, 2017): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.2017.30.2.

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The article presents the problem of equivalence between the main terms of the law on bills of exchange in Polish and French. First, the author presents the origins of the bill of exchange and the evolution of the law on bills of exchange from ancient times until the twentieth century when the rules concerning this branch of law were unified at the international level, in the convention concluded in Geneva on 7 June 1930. Afterwards, some terms related to bills of exchange in both language versions of the convention are analyzed in order to create the mini-dictionary of principal terms. Then th

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Babangida, Jamilu S., and Asad-Ul I. Khan. "Effect of Monetary Policy on the Nigerian Stock Market: A Smooth Transition Autoregressive Approach." Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics 12, No. 1 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33429/cjas.12121.1/6.

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This paper examines the nonlinear effect of monetary policy decisions on the performance of the Nigerian Stock Exchange market, by employing the Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model on monthly data from 2013 M4 to 2019 M12 for All Share Index and monetary policy instrument. This study considers the two regimes characterizing the stock market, which are the lower regime (the bear market) and the upper regime (the bull market). The results show evidence of nonlinear effect of monetary policy on the stock exchange market. Monetary policy rate, money supply, lagged monetary policy rate an

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Fianto, Bayu Arie, Nisful Laila, Raditya Sukmana, and Muhammad Madyan. "PREDICTORS OF EXCHANGE RATE RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 23, no. 2 (2020): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i1.1169.

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Using historical time-series data, we investigate Indonesia’s exchange rate return predictability. We employ nine predictors, namely stock price, gold price, oil price, commodity price, inflation, balance of payment, total exports, the US T-bill rate, and the US federal fund rate. With historical data, we fail to discover any evidence that these factors predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns. However, we find that oil price, commodity price, inflation, and the US T-bill rate can significantly predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns during the Asian financial crisis. Our findings key impli

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Momčilov, Milena. "Prekid niza indosamenata kao razlog ništavosti prenosa menice – primer „skrivenog avala“." Pravo i privreda 61, no. 2 (2023): 578–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/pip_23217a.

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In the paper that follows the author attempts to analyze the interruption of series of endorsements with special emphasis on the introduction of guarantors in the bill of exchange. When endorsing a bill of exchange for the purpose of introducing guarantors into the bill, certain errors are made that should result in the nullity of such endorsements. The reason for the nullity, it seems, should be refected in the interruption od the series of endorsements. Courts, however, often recognize validity to such endorsements. Having noticed the described faults, the author aims to point out the need t

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عارف, عارف علي, خالد زين العابدين ديرشوي та موفق عبد الحفيظ نورالدين. "حكم السفتجة في الفقه الإسلامي وتطبيقاتها المعاصرة The Rule of the Bill of Exchange in Islamic Jurisprudence and Contemporary Applications". Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 13, № 1 (2016): 26–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v13i1.524.

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الملخّصكانت السفتجة ولا تزال توفيراً للجهد والعناء، ورفعاً للضيق، فلولاها لاضُطر المدين إلى نقل مال الوفاء إلى بلـد الدائن، واضُطر الدائن إلى نقل المال إلى بلد المدين، وهذه تكاليف إضافية، الأصل توفيرها، طبقاً لتعاليم شرعنا الحنيف، وقد تكلم الفقهاء في حكمها؛ فأجازوها في حال عدم اشتراط المنفعة في العقد، أو إذا كانت منفعة السفتجة للمقرض والمقترض معاً، أو وجدت حالة ضرورة، أو كان المنفعة للمقترض وحده، ولكنهم اختلفوا في حكمها في حال اشتراط المنفعة في عقد القرض.وبعد عرض آراء الفقهاء في هذه المسألة، وبيان حجج كل رأي، رجَّحنا القول بجواز اشتراط منفعة السفتجة في القرض بشرط ألا يكون فيها ضرر على المدين أ

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Niță, Manuela. "NEW LEGISLATIVE APPROACHES REGARDING BILL OF EXCHANGE FORMALISM." Valahia University Law Study 40, no. 2 (2023): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53373/vuls.2022.40.2.022.

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Subedi, Phul Prasad, and Prakash Chaulagain. "Effect of Open Market Operation on Short-Terms Interest." PYC Nepal Journal of Management 15, no. 1 (2022): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pycnjm.v15i1.56351.

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This study attempts to analyze the effect of repos and reverse repo under open market operations on interbank rates over the time span of 19 years from August 2002 to August 2021. Interbank transaction amount and Treasury bill rate are used as independent variables. Whereas, net liquidity, credit to core capital plus deposit (CCD) ratio, and exchange rate are used as the control variables. The study is based on time series data collected from the official website of Nepal Rastra Bank. Moreover, statistical tools such as correlation and time series regression have been applied to analyze the da

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Kite, Larry. "Water Under The Bridge." After Dinner Conversation 3, no. 11 (2022): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc2022311102.

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What is the purpose of defending yourself in a fight? To what ends should you go to stop getting bullied? In this work of ethical fiction, a pre-teen Rusty is sent to the general store on his bike to buy alcohol for Walt, the local drunk, in exchange for ice-cream. While at the store Rusty is attacked by two older boys trying to steal his bike. He holds onto his bike, but is badly beaten in the exchange. Later that day, Rusty gets a metal pipe and tells his friend Gene to meet him that night. They meet and Rusty tells Gene his plan, to toss the pipe into the bushes, distract the boys who beat

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Alawneh, Tariq Shafiq. "The Application of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records in Kuwait: A Comparative Study." مجلة الحقوق 48, no. 2 (2024): 487–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v48i2.3039.

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The existing requirements in national and international law for the use of written documents or manual signatures in international trade transactions are considered to constitute major obstacles to the development of electronic commerce at global level. Other obstacles also include questions and uncertainties concerning the validity, legal effect and enforceability of transactions regarding electronic bill of lading conducted via electronic means, in a legal environment based on paper. The Law No 20/2014 excluded promissory notes and negotiable bills of exchange from the scope of application o

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Tooker, Lauren, and Lauren Tooker. "Bill Maurer." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2014): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v2i1.99.

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Professor Bill Maurer is a renowned cultural anthropologist who conducts research on law, property, money and finance, focusing on the technological infrastructures and social relations of exchange and payment. Professor Maurer graduated from Stanford University in 1994 with a PhD in Anthropology. He moved to UC Irvine in 1996 as Assistant Professor, going on to become Chair of UC Irvine’s Department of Anthropology (2005-2011) and Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences (2011-2013). In July 2013 he assumed his current role as Dean of UC Irvine’s School of Socia

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Haq, Azka Saeful, and Intan Siti Nugraha. "Bill Gates Covid19 Conspiracy in Reddit Memes: A Semiotic Approach." Al-Tsaqafa : Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam 17, no. 2 (2020): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v17i2.9320.

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Covid19 as global issue connects other social variables such as Bill Gates conspiracy issue that becomes the most predominant covid19 issue discussed globally in public (Shalini, 2020). Memes as meaningful entities exist to influence internet public in facing Bill Gates issue even without rational and empirical inquiry for some particular people that believe in them. Reddit website as easily accessible website becomes one of memes website that shares actively more numerous memes related to Bill Gates conspiracy issue than the other websites. The memes contain cultural values represented by ver

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Sharov, Oleksandr. "GLOBAL CRYPTOCURRENCY AS PROSPECTS FOR WORLD MONETARY SYSTEM." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY Vol 17, Vol 17, No 1 (2018) (2018): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.01.116.

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The cryptocurrency is a phenomenon of a modern payment system, however it is still unclear whether it is a new kind of currency at all. Most often, there are claims that this is just a financial pyramid. However, such statements do not explain the nature of cryptocurrency. In fact, from technical point of view, the cryptocurrency is simply a data chain, in which the first link contains information about its origin («mining»), and all subsequent ones - on the transition from one owner to another. This means that in the economic sense the cryptocurrency is the «bill of exchange», which is accomp

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Hasan, Emran, and Shahanawaz Sharif. "Do Macroeconomic Variables Affect Stock Market Performance? A Case Study of DSEX and DS30 Index of Dhaka Stock Exchange." Business and Economic Research 9, no. 3 (2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i3.15109.

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Stock market performance– being the linchpin of an economy, requires variations in policies concerning macroeconomic variables. Keeping this in notion, this research assays the empirical association between stock market performance and a few selected macroeconomic variables namely interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, and 91-days Treasury bill rate using monthly data ranging from January 2013 to October 2018. Employing Johansen Cointegration analysis, the results of the study suggest that exchange rate and treasury bill rate are positive whereas interest rate and inflation rate are neg

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Vukajlovic-Grba, Danijela. "The money market in Montenegro: Conditions, development and outlook." Panoeconomicus 54, no. 3 (2007): 325–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0703325v.

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The money market represents a segment of financial markets wherein the objects of trading are funds with short-term maturities. The money market in Montenegro is still in its early stages of development, and is characterized by a narrow scope of trading material and by a relatively narrow variety of participants. The reasons for such slow development of the Montenegrin money market are numerous: lack of regulations, dollarization as a model of monetary and foreign exchange regime, excessive liquidity of domestic banks, insufficient liquidity in the corporate sector, limited protection of credi

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Uchendu, Winifred Chinyere, and Sarah O. Anyanwu. "Sectoral Utilization of Foreign Exchange and the Policy Implications for Economic Growth in Nigeria (1997 – 2022)." International Journal of Economic Policy 4, no. 1 (2024): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijecop.1644.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sectoral utilization of foreign exchange and the policy implications for economic growth in Nigeria. Methodology: The methodology involved the use of annual time series data covering 1997 to 2022 for pre-diagnostic tests for unit roots which showed that the variables used in the study: economic growth (proxied by real gross domestic product), visible transactions, invisible transactions, treasury bill rate, and exchange rate, were stationary in the first difference. Hence, after first differencing the data, the Ordinary L

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Nicifero, Alessandra. "To Be Continued: An Exchange on Tiffany Barber's “Ghostcatching and After Ghostcatching, Dances in the Dark”." Dance Research Journal 48, no. 2 (2016): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767716000243.

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This is a brief introduction to a conversation about dance, race, and technology indirectly initiated by one of Bill T. Jones's blog entries on the New York Live Arts website after reading Tiffany Barber's article “Ghostcatching and After Ghostcatching, Dances in the Dark” in the April 2015 DRJ issue. Paul Kaiser of the Open Ended Group and cocreator with Bill T. Jones of Ghostcatching wrote a letter to the editor followed by Barber's response.

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Sharif, Md Romel. "The Digital Bill Ecosystem." International Journal of Blockchain Technologies and Applications 1, no. 1 (2023): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijbta.2023.1.1.23-51.

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The Digital Bill Ecosystem presents a cutting-edge financial paradigm that merges the stability of precious metals with the revolutionary capabilities of blockchain technology. This ecosystem introduces the Digital Bill (DB), a digital currency backed by tangible assets such as gold, silver, and platinum, providing a secure and transparent medium of exchange. Employing tamper-proof consensus mechanisms and smart contracts, the DB ecosystem offers augmented security, transparency, and efficiency across various domains, including voting systems, financial transactions, and international trade. T

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Hossain, Md Sajib, Md Amzad Hossain, and Shabnaz Amin. "An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Monetary Policy Stance and Stock Price in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Development Studies XXXIX, no. 1&2 (2016): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.57138/gliw8394.

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This paper investigates the empirical relationship between the monetary stance and stock market performance of Bangladesh using monthly data from January 2001 to December 2013. The empirical investigation was conducted using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model consisting of five alternative measures of monetary indicators - 91 day T-bill rate, reserve money, broad money, call money rate and weighted average deposit rate and DSE General Index (DGEN) for stock market performance. In the case of using 91 day Treasury bill (T-bill) or call money rate as monetary indicators, a long-run co-i

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Liao, Kevin, Henry Corrigan-Gibbs, and Dan Boneh. "Divisible E-Cash for Billing in Private Ad Retargeting." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2024, no. 4 (2024): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2024-0104.

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This paper presents new techniques for private billing in systems for privacy-preserving online advertising. In particular, we show how an ad exchange can use an e-cash scheme to bill advertisers for ad impressions without learning which client saw which ad: The exchange issues electronic coins to advertisers, advertisers pay publishers (via clients) for ad impressions, and publishers unlinkably redeem coins with the exchange. To implement this proposal, we design a new divisible e-cash scheme that uses modern zero-knowledge proofs to reduce the ad exchange's computational costs by roughly 250

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Roitberg, Helen. "Sex Work and the City." Political Science Undergraduate Review 6, no. 1 (2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur190.

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Bill C-36, or the Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act, which was introduced in Canada in 2014, made the purchase of sexual services illegal. To the end of eliminating sex work, Bill C-36 rests on the premise that sex work is inherently exploitative, and that sex workers and their communities are harmed by the exchange of sexual services. Considering that Indigenous women are overrepresented among sex workers and disproportionately victims of severe violence, this paper examines the goals of Bill C-36 in conversation with Canada’s ongoing project of colonialism. This paper demon

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Giladi, Rotem M. "The Practice and Case Law of Israel in Matters Related to International Law." Israel Law Review 32, no. 3 (1998): 475–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700015752.

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On February 24, 1998, the government submitted the International Treaties (Approval by the Knesset) Bill, 1998 to the Knesset. This governmental bill represents the culmination of fifty years of exchange between the Executive and the Legislature concerning the constitutional authority to conclude international agreements on behalf of the State of Israel.Normally, it would have been preferable to await the completion of the enactment process before commenting on the new legislative arrangements. Due to the constitutional importance of the Bill and the fact that it raises several important quest

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CMA, (DR ). Tushar Raut, Dr. Vishnu N. Yadav Prin., and Nikita Manna Miss. "A Study On The Impact Of Financial Bill 2022 On Students' Perception Regarding The Cryptocurrency." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 5 (2023): 204–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7740786.

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If we attempt to define economics within the contemporary world, it boils right down to money. Each country has its own set of a monetary systems. This medium of exchange is used to define the worth of a currency. Currency is a medium of exchange. Previously, the barter system, during which items were swapped for other goods, was served because of the means of exchange. Then came the monetary period, during which coins were produced and exchanged for products. This aided within the estimation of products' worth. Following coins, there was a period of notes (paper money), and so on. However

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Helhel, Yesim, and Seref Kalayci. "Exchange Rate Forecasting Based on Fundamental Macroeconomic Variables in a Floating Exchange Rate Regime." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 3, no. 3 (2012): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2012070102.

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Developing countries had a fixed exchange rate regime and avoided financial liberalization until the 1990’s. In the early 2000’s however, most of the developing countries abandoned their fixed exchange rate regimes in favor of floating rate regimes which in turn increased the importance of exchange rate forecasting in the emerging market economies. This paper intends to explain TR/USD (Turkish Lira/American Dollar) exchange rates by using macroeconomic fundamentals for the period between February 2001 and December 2009 on a monthly basis. A Vector Auto Regression (VAR) method is used. Among th

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顾, 宇清. "Analysis of the Rights Relief Path of Bill Holders in E-Commerce Acceptance Bills of Exchange." Dispute Settlement 10, no. 11 (2024): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ds.2024.1011443.

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Janković, Svetislav. "The legal insignificance of the financial coverage at the bill of exchange and the cheque." Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu 68, no. 3 (2020): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/analipfb2003172j.

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Due to the identical personal structure, the bill of exchange and the cheque have a common feature regarding the drawer's cover on a banking account which is administrated by the drawee. It seems that sufficiency of adequate funds, which should cover the drawer's order from these instruments, doesn't have any legal significance for the drawee and the acceptor. At first glance the position of drawee and acceptor is different because the drawee's obligation is also not derived from the bill of exchange; however, the acceptor has an obligation due to his acceptance of the drawer's order. However,

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Kumari, D. A. T. "Effect of Macro-Economic Factors on the Interest Rate Spread among Licensed Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Marketing 10, no. 2 (2025): 47–70. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljmuok.v10i2.189.

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This research highlights the effect of macroeconomic determinants on the interest rate spread in licensed commercial banks in Sri Lanka. Based on existing literature, the study focuses on four key macroeconomic factors influencing interest rate spreads: Inflation rate, Bank rate, Exchange rate, and Treasury bill rate. The research utilizes secondary data obtained from the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, covering the period from January 2003 to December 2023, and analyzes it using a regression model. The E-Views statistical package was employed to process and analyze the data sourced from the Centra

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Kessler, Amalia D. "Enforcing Virtue: Social Norms and Self-Interest in an Eighteenth-Century Merchant Court." Law and History Review 22, no. 1 (2004): 71–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4141666.

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Recent scholarship on law and norms has emphasized that important social values are at work in the law. But nothing could prepare us for the “Red Ink Case.” Decided by an eighteenth-century French merchant court, the suit was brought by a young woman driven by poverty to prostitute herself in return for a bill of exchange, written with her lover's blood. When the person on whom the bill was drawn refused to accept it for payment, the women sued her lover, demanding that he honor it instead. Although the applicable law required the defendant to pay the bill, the merchant-court judge declined to

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Chege, Gabriel Njogu, and Stanley Kirika. "EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON TRADING VOLUMES OF MANUFACTURING AND ALLIED COMPANIES LISTED IN NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 5, no. 2 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.1166.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of inflation, lending rate, exchange rates and Treasury bill interest rate on trading volumes of manufacturing and allied companies listed in the Nairobi Stock Exchange. Materials and Methods: The research adopted a quantitative descriptive design that focuses on nine manufacturing and allied companies listed in NSE and make up in the list of 25-share index companies. The nine manufacturing and allied companies were selected through purposive sampling techniques, where samples were selected based specific factors. The data us

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Ruslan, Zuhri. "Letter of Credit: Saatnya Perdagangan Internasional beralih ke Dokumen Digital dengan eUCP." Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan 11, no. 2 (2023): 329–44. https://doi.org/10.17509/jrak.v11i2.49839.

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International trade still heavily relies on paper, which is painfully time-consuming. The inefficient process improved by changing the paper documents into digital electronic documents. The research aims to investigate and analyze the electronic Uniform Customs Practice (eUCP) as a legal base for using electronic documents in Letter of Credit (LC) in international trade. The method employed was document analysis and is an explanatory research. The research reveals that document digitalization increases the effectiveness of the LC process. However, the bill of exchange, the bill of lading and c

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Riskiani, Nita. "Peran Account Payable terhadap Kelancaran Pembayaran Tagihan Supplier di Pesonna Tugu Hotel Yogyakarta." Media Wisata 17, no. 2 (2019): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36276/mws.v17i2.169.

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The results of this study were to analyze the supplier bill payment process at Pesonna Tugu Hotel Yogyakarta, among others, suppliers exchanging receipts, making payment vouchers, sending memos, and overbooking processes. The process of paying supplier bills for obstacles includes suppliers being late in exchanging receipts, purchasing and receiving late submitting documents and not being complete, sending late memos and late overbooking processes. Accounts Payable overcome obstacles by contacting suppliers to immediately exchange receipts, remind purchasing and receiving to immediately deposi

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., Ogolo, and Tamunotonye Magnus. "Monetary Policy and Commercial Bank Lending to the Real Sector in Nigeria: A Time Series Study." American Finance & Banking Review 2, no. 1 (2018): 10–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/amfbr.v2i1.127.

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This study empirically examined the effects of monetary policy on commercial banks lending to the real sector from 1981 – 2014. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of monetary policy in channeling bank credit to the real sector. Annual time series data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Two multiple regression models were specifically estimated with the aid of Software Package for Social Sciences. The study modeled commercial banks credit to agricultural and manufacturing sector as the function of interest rate, monetary policy rate, treasury bill rate,

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马, 慧雯. "Historical Evolution and Reasons of Basic Functions of Bill of Exchange." Business and Globalization 08, no. 02 (2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/bglo.2020.82004.

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Belovski, Vojo, Andon Majhosev, and Ivana Dujovska. "The bill of exchange as a means of payment and security." Journal of Process Management. New Technologies 4, no. 3 (2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jouproman4-11436.

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Alnaa, Samuel Erasmus, and Ferdinand Ahiakpor. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Foreign Direct Investment." Research in Applied Economics 12, no. 3 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v12i3.17737.

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The paper seeks to determine the effect of exchange rate volatility on foreign direct investment in Ghana from 1986 to 2017. The study adopted the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model to fit the data set from 1986-2017. The results indicate that, previous quarter information can influence current quarter volatility in Foreign Direct Investment. Real exchange rate, gross domestic product and treasure bill rate considered as external factors, are all found to be significant. This shows that, volatility from these factors can spillover to volatility in foreign direct in

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Cherkashnev, R., A. Fedorova, and O. Chernyshova. "Forecasting the dynamics of the price of the asset on the basis of synergy of indicators Ichimoku Cloud and Bill Williams' Alligator." Bulletin of Science and Practice 4, no. 10 (2018): 327–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1461999.

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In the article, the authors consider the technical analysis of the price movement of an asset on the exchange. Some indicators of exchange trade, such as Ichimoku Cloud and Bill Williams’ Alligator are considered in detail. Ichimoku Cloud is a collection of time series with a unique building system, from which a special area of the chart is formed to predict the price. Bill Williams’ Alligator is a set of moving averages with a certain method of shift and correction. The convergence and divergence of the indicator lines are signals for the commencement of trade. The authors have an

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Westra, Richard. "Local Trade and Exchange/Employment Systems (LETS) in Future Eco-sustainable Societies." Anthropology in Action 23, no. 2 (2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/aia.2016.230206.

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AbstractAll communities of practice must face questions relating to the material economic foundations of future sustainable societies. David Graeber, Karl Polanyi and Karl Marx each have produced typologies of possible types of economy, synthesised as: (1) the principle of individual reciprocity, (2) the market principle of capitalism, and (3) the planning principle of the state. I apply this synthesis to recent proposals for community change advanced by Bill McKibben and David Korten concerning economic scale and the re-localising of production and consumption sundered by globalisation, focus

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Dadańska, Katarzyna. "Law Applicable to Obligations Arising from Bearer Securities other than Bills of Exchange and Cheques – Comments in the Context of the Private International Law Act and the Rome I Regulation." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 13, no. 2 (2020): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2020.13.2-8.

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Issues of the law applicable to obligations related to securities are regulated by the Act of 4 February 2011, private international law and the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I). The purpose of this article is to determine the connecting factors for the indicated law applicable to the obligations arising from bearer securities other than bills of exchange and cheques, including dematerialized securities. To this end, an attempt will be made to determine the relations

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Onley, Isabelle R., Janet L. Gardner, and Matthew R. E. Symonds. "Spatial and temporal variation in morphology in Australian whistlers and shrike-thrushes: is climate change causing larger appendages?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130, no. 1 (2020): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa028.

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Abstract Allen’s rule is an ecogeographical pattern whereby the size of appendages of animals increases relative to body size in warmer climates in order to facilitate heat exchange and thermoregulation. Allen’s rule predicts that one consequence of a warming climate would be an increase in the relative size of appendages, and evidence from other bird species suggests that this might be occurring. Using measurements from museum specimens, we determined whether spatio-temporal variation in bills and legs of Australian Pachycephalidae species exhibits within-species trends consistent with Allen’

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Andros, Svitlana. "Financial and Credit Instruments for Ensuring the Dynamic Development of Enterprises of the Agro-Industrial Complex in the Conditions of the Post-War Recovery of Ukraine." Economic journal Odessa polytechnic university 4, no. 30 (2024): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14553444.

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The article is devoted to the study of financial and credit instruments for supporting agribusiness under martial law. The structure of monetary instruments and proposed approaches to its systematization are considered. The role of bank credit in the development of small agricultural entrepreneurship is substantiated. The criteria for determining the credit needs of agricultural production entities are formulated. The financial leasing schemes in the production activities of agricultural enterprises are considered and compared with alternative methods of acquiring fixed assets. The main direct

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Andros, Svitlana. "Financial and Credit Instruments for Ensuring the Dynamic Development of Enterprises of the Agro-Industrial Complex in the Conditions of the Post-War Recovery of Ukraine." Economic journal Odessa polytechnic university 4, no. 30 (2024): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.15276/ej.04.2024.1.

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The article is devoted to the study of financial and credit instruments for supporting agribusiness under martial law. The structure of monetary instruments and proposed approaches to its systematization are considered. The role of bank credit in the development of small agricultural entrepreneurship is substantiated. The criteria for determining the credit needs of agricultural production entities are formulated. The financial leasing schemes in the production activities of agricultural enterprises are considered and compared with alternative methods of acquiring fixed assets. The main direct

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Effiong, Ubong Edem, Idongesit Justin Ukere, and Ekpenyong Ame Ekpenyong. "Foreign Exchange Market and Manufacturing Sector Performance in Nigeria." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 6, no. 1 (2025): 50–74. https://doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.04238.

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In this paper, we explored the effect of exchange rate on manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria from 1981 to 2022. The motivation for paper arises from the recurring exchange rate depreciation and the declining manufacturing sector performance in recent times. The study utilized the autoregressive distributed lag approach as an analytical technique. Findings from the study portrayed that exchange rate and interest rate exerted negative and significant effect on the manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria. Other key findings include the fact that both bank credit to the manufacturing

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Chłopecki, Andrzej. "DEFINICJA PAPIERÓW WARTOŚCIOWYCH DŁUŻNYCH." Zeszyty Prawnicze 3, no. 2 (2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2003.3.2.05.

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Definition of Debt SecuritiesSummaryThe main subject of this article is the definition of debt securities in Polish civil law. This expression („debt securities”) used in many parliaments bills, was not defined on the level of the parliaments bill. Especially in cases of so called „hybrid securities” (securities with the mixed legal nature) there is a necessity to analyze and define their legal nature. This article gives a very short overview on the different types of securities and proposes their systematical classification. The main conclusion of this article is: either in the case of the mi

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SMITH, S. D. "RECKONING WITH THE ATLANTIC ECONOMY Migration and the origins of the English Atlantic world. By Alison Games. Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 1999. Pp. xiii+322. ISBN 0-674-57381-1. £31.50. The early modern Atlantic economy. Edited by John J. McCusker and Kenneth Morgan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xii+369. ISBN 0-521-78249-X. £40.00. Purchasing identity in the Atlantic world: Massachusetts merchants, 1670-1780. By Phyllis Whitman Hunter. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2001. Pp. xii+224. ISBN 0-8014-3855-1. $42.50. The people with no name: Ireland's Ulster Scots, America's Scots Irish and the creation of a British Atlantic world, 1689-1764. By Patrick Griffin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001. Pp. xv+244. ISBN 0-691-07462-3. $55.00. Letterbook of Greg & Cunningham, 1756-57: merchants of New York and Belfast. Edited by Thomas M. Truxes. Records of Social and Economic History, new series, 28. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. xxxi+430. £50.00." Historical Journal 46, no. 3 (2003): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x03003248.

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In July 1768, the Boston merchant John Amory paid cash for two bills of exchange sold to him by a certain Mr Mumford. These bills, valued at £279 4s 3d and £342 10s, had originally been drawn on the London commission house of Lascelles and Daling by two Barbados merchants trading in partnership as Stevenson and Went. The bills were drawn in favour of another merchant called Charles Wickham. Stevenson and Went were in the business of supplying slaves to sugar planters on credits of up to twelve months, but as soon as their slave shipments arrived, however, the partners' own obligations to the m

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