Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bill of lading

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bill of lading'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Bill of lading"

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Sharify, Seyedeh Koyestan, and Ali Mohammad Mokarrami. "The Study of Regulations Governing Shipping Bill of Lading in Iran Laws and International Trade Documents." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 8 (2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n8p44.

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The present study deals with review of regulations governing shipping bill of lading in Iran laws and international trade documents through descriptive analysis. In this paper, it is tried to study the concepts of maritime transport contract, legal concept of vessel, shipping bill of lading and its components, the content of shipping bill of lading and its proofing aspects in international conventions and Iran law. The research findings indicate that shipping bill of lading is considered one of the valid documents in international trade and in accordance with the common trade, judicial procedures and the maritime code of Iran and Hamburg convention is considered as a common trade document. In Rotterdam convention, the capability of transferring written and electronic transport record and their transferring procedure as used in trade documents has been mentioned. The value and credit of shipping bill of ladings of goods embarked on deck or clean bill of lading in international trade made such bill of ladings be supported by trade code in international trade and conventions and local regulations of countries such that the transportation agents are prohibited from the right to prove negative of some contents of this document against the holder in good faith of shipping bill of lading.
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Goldby, Miriam. "INCORPORATION OF CHARTERPARTY ARBITRATION CLAUSES INTO BILLS OF LADING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS." Denning Law Journal 19, no. 1 (2012): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v19i1.382.

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This article looks at two recent court decisions and one recent arbitral award which help to clarify the position of English Law with regard to incorporation of charterparty arbitration clauses into bills of lading. It starts by giving a brief overview of past decisions of the English Courts on this issue. It proceeds to consider recent developments and to draw conclusions therefrom. Most bills of lading contain jurisdiction clauses providing that parties are to resolve any disputes arising in connection with the contract of carriage contained in the bill through litigation in the courts. Where a bill of lading is issued under a charterparty, however, and where it expressly incorporates the charterparty’s arbitration clause into its terms, the parties to the contract of carriage contained in the bill of lading, including any transferees of the bill, may be obliged to refer their disputes to arbitration. Wilson notes that “[a] strict contra proferentem approach has been adopted towards [attempts to incorporate charterparty arbitration clauses into bills of lading] since, while arbitration clauses are common in charterparties, hey are rarely found in bills of lading.” Three conditions must be met in order for a charterparty arbitration clause to be successfully incorporated into the bill of lading. First of all, “the operative words of incorporation must be found in the bill of lading itself”. Secondly such words must be suitable to describe the charterparty clause that is being incorporated. Finally, the incorporated clause must be consistent with the terms of the bill of lading, and in the event of conflict, the provisions of the bill of lading will prevail.
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Shi, Hankun, and Xuelin Wang. "Research on Electronic Bill of Lading of Container Shipping Based on Blockchain Technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (2021): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012123.

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Abstract This paper analyzes the electronic bill of lading technology of container shipping, and solves the key problems such as the loss of bill of lading during the circulation of paper bill of lading. Based on the optimization of the basic structure and core technology of electronic bill of lading, this study incorporates the blockchain technology, analyzes the fit between blockchain technology and electronic bill of lading, and constructs a new model of electronic bill of lading for container shipping based on blockchain technology, which improves the safety and stability of shipping transaction information and provides more effective solutions for the future practice of electronic bill of lading for container terminals.
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Herd, Jake Michael. "‘‘Blocks of Lading"." QUT Law Review 18, no. 2 (2019): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v18i2.755.

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The bill of lading has, for centuries, been an integral component in the maritime shipping industry. However, the stagnation in the development of this legal instrument is contrasted with the exponential rate of development in other areas of commercial practice, which highlights the financial costs and delays associated with the use of bills of lading. The purpose of this paper is to present a modern alternative to the current paper-based bill of lading system that accounts for the practical and legal requirements of the incumbent instrument and also overcomes the deficiencies inherent in paper-based bills of lading. In the context of the regulatory uncertainty of bills of lading based on distributed ledger technology, this paper discusses approaches to regulating this new technology so as to achieve the same legal effects that the traditional, paper-based bill of lading provides. This paper presents two methods for regulating distributed ledger technology when applied to maritime shipping: the first is based on the principle of functional equivalence, which can be employed in domestic legislation, and the second is based on the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. I conclude that, while both approaches represent steps in the right direction, the latter would imbue this technology with sufficient legal certainty so as to spark a marine cargo carriage revolution and facilitate a productive disruption of the current industry practice.
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Liu, Dong Hua, and Xiao Kong Xiao. "Application of Electronic Bills of Lading in International E-Commerce." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.546.

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The traditional bill of lading is of great value in the maritime industry. However, as electronic communication takes over in international trade, the electronic bill of lading is now being considered first in some situations. A brief introduction of the bill of lading will be made together with a general comparison between the traditional bill of lading and the electronic bill of lading. Further analysis will concentrate on the issues of how the electronic bill of lading applies in some particular international e-commerce cases and how we can improve the new electronic data interchange system. Finally, this paper aims to demonstrate that it may be advantageous to ultimately switch entirely from the paper bill of lading to an electronic one in a modern e-commerce-driven society.
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Zhang, Zitan, and Xuefeng Wang. "Endorsement in bill of lading practice based on cases of teledischarge, letter of guarantee and non-endorsement." BCP Business & Management 26 (September 19, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v26i.1823.

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International Trade and international transportation are the origin and derivation. As a link, bill of lading connects trade, transportation and finance, which brings convenience to international trade transactions. Thereinto, the endorsement of bill of lading is one of the cases should be paid attention to. The law endows the bill of lading with three functions. The endorsement of the bill of lading is one of the requirements to realize its functions. According to the records and classification in the consignee column of the bill of lading, it has a more complex business practice to instruct the transfer of endorsement and delivery of the bill of lading. This paper discusses the special situations of "teledischarge", "letter of guarantee" and "non endorsement". According to the analysis, it is clearly pointed out the matters that all parties should pay attention to, which can help practitioners avoid relevant errors. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of endorsement in bill of lading practice.
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Choi, Seok-Beom. "Bill of Lading Problems in Oil Trade and Blockchain Bill of Lading as Electronic Bill of Lading." Journal of Internet Electronic Commerce Resarch 18, no. 5 (2018): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37272/jiecr.2018.10.18.5.269.

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Ahmadi, Majid Reza Arab, Mostafa Elsan, and Ibrahim Noshadi. "Comparative Study of Bill of Lading Function as Title Document." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 1 (2016): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n1p188.

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One of the new transformations in the scope of maritime transportation about shipping documents includes non-paper (electronic) maritime transport documents. Three principal functions of a bill of lading in maritime transportation comprise receipt of carriage of good, reason for carriage contract, and title document. The majority of studies are about to realize the functions of carriage receipt and reason for carriage contract within substitution of electronic documents, such as replacement of paper bill of lading with an electronic bill of lading. While there is not the same conclusion about the function of the title document and this doubt on the result is beyond the replacement of paper documents with electronic documents caused by ambiguities in considering the bill of lading as a title document of goods and function of a bill of lading as a title document. In general, the transfer of a bill of lading does not mean the transfer of ownership while ownership is transferred through a contract of goods’ sale and bill of shading is considered as a document that indicates a property of goods to facilitate transactions within commercial operations.
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Özdel, Melis. "Enforcement of Arbitration Clauses in Bills of Lading: Where Are We Now?" Journal of International Arbitration 33, Issue 2 (2016): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2016008.

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Arbitration is consensual, and this brings with it the questions of what should be understood by ‘consent’ and how it should present itself to justify enforcement of an arbitration agreement to a third party. In the context of bills of lading, the issue of consent has various dimensions, all of which can be best understood with reference to the enforcement of arbitration clauses in bills of lading. This article discusses how effectively arbitration clauses in bills of lading can be enforced against the bill of lading holders in light of English case law, the decisions of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the Rotterdam Rules.
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MO, JOHN S. "Forwarder’s Bill and Bill of Lading." Asia Pacific Law Review 5, no. 2 (1997): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18758444.1997.11788048.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bill of lading"

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Onoora, Surapol. "The bill of lading as a document of title: Right of action under the Bills of Lading Act 1855." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22399.

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This thesis is a study of the difficulties arising from the application of section 1 of the English Bills of Lading Act, 1855. This study is conducted in the context of the evolution of the law, relevant judgments, international conventions as well as academic views.
By the custom of merchants a bill of lading is transferable by indorsement the property in the goods may thereby pass to the indorsee; nevertheless all rights in respect of the contract of carriage evidence by the bill of lading continue in the original shipper or owner. In order to solve this problem, the Bills of Lading Act was enacted in 1855. Unfortunately, its purpose does not appear to have been fully achieved.
This study suggests that the Bills of Lading Act should be amended so as to confer the rights of action in the contract for carriage of goods by sea to the buyer or to the owner of the goods shipped under such contract. These rights should be transferred whether or not property in the goods shipped has passed to him.
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Senekal, Jan-Hendrik. "The electronic bill of lading : a legal perspective / by Jan-Hendrik Senekal." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4995.

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Abou, Al Shamat M. F. "The future of the bill of lading as a document of title." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374754.

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Olsson, Pontus, and Sebastian Neilan. "Digitalisera bill of lading : En studie om varför sjöfarten inte har digitaliserat dokumentet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-84565.

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Abstrakt  Den här studien handlar om att ta reda på varför elektroniska bill of ladings inte används i internationell handel. Bill of lading är den äldsta frakthandlingen som fortfarande används inom sjötransport. I studien används en rättdogmatiskmetod i kombination med kompletterande samtal med personer som arbetar med dokumenten på en dagligbasis, representanter från två olika banker. Resultatet visar att anledningen bakom det låga intresset kring eB/L är säkerheten bakom dom negotiable dokumenten. I dagsläget finns ingen lag eller konvention som stödjer någon elektronisk transaktion av värdepapper. För att använda sig av den här typen av transaktioner måste dokumenten vara non-negotiable och kan inte överföras till en tredje part under resans gång. För att lösa den typen av transaktioner har några företag implementerat blockchainsystemet som ett säkert sätt att överlåta värdepapper elektroniskt.
Abstract  This Thesis is about finding the reason why the electronic bill of lading is not actively used in international trade. Bill of lading is the oldest transport document that is still used in maritime transport. In this thesis the legal method is combined with interviews with concerned parties who is working daily with these documents, two representatives from two different banks. The results show that the reason behind the lack of interest in eB/L is that there is no security behind the negotiable document. As of today, there is no convention or law that supports an electronic transfer of a document of title. To use these transfers the document must be non-negotiable and cannot be traded to a third party during the voyage. To solve the transfer of the documents, some companies have implemented the blockchain system as a safe way to trade documents of title electronically.
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Peel, Samantha. "The development of the bill of lading : its future in the maritime industry." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/407.

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This Thesis will consider the development of the traditional bill of lading from its origins, which appear to be much older than previously considered, up to the present day. The development of the bill of lading will be examined in order to answer basic questions: what is a traditional bill of lading, and what functions does it perform. In Part I of the Thesis the development of the three main functions of the traditional bill will be considered, namely receipt, contract, document of title. It will conclude with observations on the nature of the traditional bill of lading and how it differs from the early form of the bill of lading. Part II of the Thesis will then consider the development and nature of related shipping documents (charterparty bills, received for shipment bills, non-transferable bills), how far these documents perform the functions of the traditional bill of lading, and whether they can be truly described as bills of lading. Part II will then go on to consider the development and nature of electronic bills of lading and assess how well such bills perform the functions of the traditional bill of lading. The Thesis will conclude that although most of the functions of the traditional bill are in effect performed by electronic bills, electronic bills are in fact a new type of bill of lading and not merely a traditional bill in an electronic format. Conclusions will then be drawn as to what effect the development of new types of bill of lading will have on the future of the traditional bill of lading in the maritime industry.
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Proctor, Carol. "The legal role of the bill of lading, sea waybill, and multimodal transport document /." Pretoria : Interlegal, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/293214646.pdf.

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Jafari, Farhang. "The concerns of the shipping industry regarding the application of electronic bills of lading in practice amid technological change." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24071.

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In the sea trade, the traditional paper-based bill of lading has played an important role across the globe for centuries, but with the advent of advanced commercial modes of transportation and communication, the central position of this document is under threat. The importance of the bill of lading still prevails as does the need of the functions that this document served in the past, although in a changed format. In the recent past, the world has witnessed a lot of debate about replacing this traditional paper-based document with an electronic equivalent that exhibits all of its functions and characteristics, both commercial and legal. More specifically, unlike many rival travel documents, such as the Sea Waybill, a bill of lading has two prominent features, that is to say, its negotiability and its acceptability as a document of title in certain legal jurisdictions that are required to be retained in an electronic bill of lading so as to also retain the prominence of this document in the future landscape. This thesis is, however, more concerned about the legal aspects of adopting the electronic bill of lading as a traditional paper-based legal document as well as an effective legal document in the present age. However, the scope of this debate remains primarily focused on the USA and UK jurisdictions. In the course of this thesis, it is observed that, in the past, the bill of lading has been subject to a variety of international regimes, such as The Hague Rules and The Hague-Visby Rules, and presently efforts are being made to arrive at a universal agreement under the umbrella of The Rotterdam Rules, but such an agreement is yet to arrive among the comity of nations. On the other hand, efforts made by the business community to introduce an electronic bill of lading are much louder and more evident. The private efforts, such as the SeaDocs System, CMI Rules, and the BOLERO Project, etc., were, however, received by the fellow business community with both applause as well as suspicion. At the same time, there are a number of concerns voiced by the international business community on the legislative adoptability in national and international jurisdictions and the courts’ approach in adjudicating cases involving electronic transactions and these are making the task of adoption of electronic bill of lading in the sea-based transactions a difficult task. Therefore, in the absence of any formal legal backing from national and international legislations, these attempts could not achieve the desired results. In this thesis, the present situation of the acceptability of electronic transactions in general, and of the electronic bill of lading specifically, has also been discussed with reference to certain national jurisdictions, such as Australia, India, South Korea and China, in order to present comparative perspectives on the preparedness of these nations. On the regional level, the efforts made by the European Union have also been discussed to promote electronic transactions within its jurisdiction. All the discussion, however, leads to the situation where the level of acceptability of electronic bill of lading in the near future is found to be dependent upon the official efforts from the national governments and putting these efforts towards arriving at an agreement on Rotterdam Rules as early as possible. The other area of importance revealed in this thesis is the need for change in juristic approach by the courts while interpreting and adjudicating upon cases involving electronic transactions. On the whole, this thesis has provided a cohesive and systematic review, synthesis and analysis of the history of the bill of lading, its importance as a document of title, and attempts to incorporate its important functions within the fast-paced electronic shipping commerce of today. In such a way it has provided a valuable contribution to the literature by providing a comprehensive resource for jurists, policy-makers and the business community alike, as they work towards adapting the bill of lading so that it might be successfully applied in electronic form.
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Bools, Michael D. "The ocean bill of lading as a document of title to goods in Anglo-American law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307475.

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Stangenberg, Katrin G. "Die Entwicklung des Bill of Lading in England bis zum Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 /." Münster : Lit, 1999. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008771549&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Břečková, Pavlína. "Námořní kontejnerová přeprava v podmínkách společnosti Vasco Shipping." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75724.

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This diploma thesis analyzes the maritime container transport, it's history and development and the types of containers. It deals with the current situation in the maritime transport market. The main emphasis is on detailed description of the transport chain. The paper also deals with documents that are carried by sea, especially the Bill of Lading. This is a specific document, among other it is a tradable security. In the thesis there have also been mentioned the current issues of liability and insurance - (Rotterdam Rules and INCOTERMS 2010).
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Books on the topic "Bill of lading"

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Hoffmann, Michael. FIATA multimodal transport bill of lading und deutsches Recht. Lit, 2002.

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Bools, Michael D. The bill of lading: A document of title to goods : an Anglo-American comparison. LLP, 1997.

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Commission, Scottish Law. Bulk goods: Section 16 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 and section 1 of the Bill of Lading Act 1855. The Commission, 1989.

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Florida. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Agriculture. Review of the Bill of Lading Program: A joint cooperative effort between the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and the Department of Revenue. The Florida Senate, 1998.

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Mitchelhill, Alan. Bills of Lading. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7236-1.

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Aikens, Richard, Richard Lord, Michael Bools, Michael Bolding, Kian Sing Toh, and Miriam Goldby. Bills of Lading. Informa Law from Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429026478.

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Paul, Todd. Modern bills of lading. Collins, 1986.

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Paul, Todd. Modernbills of lading. Collins, 1986.

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Bills of lading incorporating charterparties. Hart Publishing, 2015.

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Treitel, G. H. Carver on bills of lading. Sweet & Maxwell, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bill of lading"

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Willsher, Richard. "Bill of Lading." In Export Finance. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13980-4_30.

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Stevens, Frank. "Bill of lading clauses." In The Bill of Lading. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351214223-5.

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Mitchelhill, Alan. "A clean bill of lading." In Bills of Lading. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7236-1_8.

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Mitchelhill, Alan. "Evolution of the bill of lading." In Bills of Lading. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7236-1_1.

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Mitchelhill, Alan. "Rules governing the bill of lading." In Bills of Lading. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7236-1_2.

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Aikens, Richard, Richard Lord, Michael Bools, Michael Bolding, Kian Sing Toh, and Miriam Goldby. "Representations in the bill of lading." In Bills of Lading. Informa Law from Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429026478-4.

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Stevens, Frank. "Introduction." In The Bill of Lading. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351214223-1.

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Stevens, Frank. "The functions of the bill of lading." In The Bill of Lading. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351214223-2.

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Stevens, Frank. "Contractual theories." In The Bill of Lading. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351214223-3.

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Stevens, Frank. "Non-contractual theories." In The Bill of Lading. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351214223-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bill of lading"

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Schiltz, Quentin. "Legal compliance of the electronic Bill of Lading." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Technologies in Logistics and Infrastructure (ICDTLI 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icdtli-19.2019.76.

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Molchanova, E. R. "Charter and bill of lading: pro forma, types, features." In TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-08-2018-43.

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de Pablo-Sánchez, César, and Elena T. Herruzo. "About the possibility of recovering a trade network from Bill of Lading data." In the 5th Workshop. ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3336499.3338009.

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Gunarsih, Nabilla Indaka, Nur Rohmah, and Vega Fonzula Andromeda. "Study case ICC system in the process of issuing bill of lading (b/l)." In THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MARITIME EDUCATION AND TRAINING (The 5th ICMET) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0119053.

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Wei, Ran. "A Critical Issue of Making Out Loading Port and Unloading Port in the Bill of Lading for Marine Transportation." In 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.1603.

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Hong, Guo. "Electronic Bill of Lading's Title Transfer in International E-commerce." In 2012 International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization (BCGIN). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcgin.2012.98.

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Tseng, Chien-Jui Cynthia. "Electronic Bills Of Lading In The Light Of The Rotterdam Rules 2009." In ILC 2017 - 9th UUM International Legal Conference. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.12.03.19.

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"EZK: A ZERO KNOWLEDGE TOOL FOR GENERATING, HANDLING, AND SECURING ELECTRONIC BILLS OF LADING." In 3rd International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001280102380241.

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Cai, Qinghui. "Delivery of Goods without Original Bills of Lading: A Survey of Recent Law and Practice in China." In 2013 International Conference on Education, Management and Social Science. Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemss.2013.63.

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ALEXOPOULOS, ARISTOTELIS B., NIKOLAOS KONSTANTOPOULOS, and ANTHI Z. VAXEVANOU. "MANAGING PROBLEMS IN SEA TRANSPORT RELATED TO THE DELIVERY OF THE CARGO: LETTERS OF INDEMNITY VS. BILLS OF LADING." In Proceedings of the International Conference on ICMMS 2008. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848165106_0042.

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Reports on the topic "Bill of lading"

1

Creedon, M. A. DoD Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Convention: ASC X12 Transaction Set 858 Freight Government Bill of Lading Shipment Information (Version 003010). Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264646.

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2

Alviarez, Vanessa, Brian Cevallos Fujiy, and Tomasz Święcki. Cross-Border Intra-Firm Trade and the Propagation of Idiosyncratic Shocks: A New Dataset. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004327.

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Abstract:
We study how disruptions in international production networks propagate across countries. We use comprehensive data on natural disasters around the globe over the last two decades from the EM-DAT and SHELDUS database to identify exogenous shocks to sourcing foreign inputs. We then trace out the effect of these shocks on activity of multinationals located in the United States. and their network of foreign affiliates using U.S. Bill of Lading microdata and data on domestic and international ownership linkages from Orbis. Our findings indicate that major natural disasters can have an economically significant negative impact even far from the directly affected areas. Furthermore, the strength of the propagation depends on whether the shocks led to disruptions in intra-firm or arms-length trade. This technical note provides detailed information on the construction of the novel dataset used in Alviarez et al. (2021).
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