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Journal articles on the topic 'Bills of lading'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Wu, Zixuan. "Analysis of the Bill of Lading in International Trade and Its Progress and Prospects for Future Development." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 150, no. 1 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2024.19304.

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Although the bill of lading is only a component of the international trade process, it establishes rules and details for the subsequent trade and transportation procedures, and clarifies the division of interests. However, disputes and loopholes often arise in international trade, and an analysis starting from the bill of lading itself reveals that paper bills of lading have caused some hidden dangers and problems. This paper proposes the possibility of improving to an electronic bill of lading in response to this situation, and through collecting information and understanding cases, it finds

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Shavaleev, M. V. "The Introduction of an Electronic Bill of Lading into the Russian Legal Order. Part II." Lex Russica 77, no. 3 (2024): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2024.208.3.032-048.

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The paper analyzes the possibility of building a system of electronic bills of lading, the legal effect of which is determined under the norms of Russian legislation. The author highlights that the existing norms are not able to meet the needs of turnover and the fair distribution of risks of using electronic bills of lading. The paper elucidates the key factors determining the prospect of using an electronic bill of lading in trade. They include the rules ensuring neutrality and reliability of the person maintaining the register of electronic bills of lading, rules ensuring impossibility of f

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3

Goldby, Miriam. "INCORPORATION OF CHARTERPARTY ARBITRATION CLAUSES INTO BILLS OF LADING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS." Denning Law Journal 19, no. 1 (2012): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v19i1.382.

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This article looks at two recent court decisions and one recent arbitral award which help to clarify the position of English Law with regard to incorporation of charterparty arbitration clauses into bills of lading. It starts by giving a brief overview of past decisions of the English Courts on this issue. It proceeds to consider recent developments and to draw conclusions therefrom. Most bills of lading contain jurisdiction clauses providing that parties are to resolve any disputes arising in connection with the contract of carriage contained in the bill through litigation in the courts. Wher

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4

Andrew, Febren, Purwanto, and Febri Noor Hediati. "The Position of Bills Of Lading in The Carriage of Goods at Sea." Jurnal Independent 12, no. 1 (2024): 23–36. https://doi.org/10.30736/ji.v12i1.284.

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ABSTRACT Legal rules for the transport of goods on an international scale are contained in three international conventions, namely The,Hague-Visby,Rules,1968, The Hamburg Rules 1978, and The,Rotterdam,Rules 2008. Meanwhile, on a national scale, they are regulated in the Criminal Code. In the activity of transporting documents used is a bill of lading or bill of lading. The bill of lading document used as the basis of this research is the bill of lading owned by PT. SPIL. The purpose of this study is of course to analyze documents for transporting goods such as bills of lading and explain the i

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5

Özdel, Melis. "Enforcement of Arbitration Clauses in Bills of Lading: Where Are We Now?" Journal of International Arbitration 33, Issue 2 (2016): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2016008.

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Arbitration is consensual, and this brings with it the questions of what should be understood by ‘consent’ and how it should present itself to justify enforcement of an arbitration agreement to a third party. In the context of bills of lading, the issue of consent has various dimensions, all of which can be best understood with reference to the enforcement of arbitration clauses in bills of lading. This article discusses how effectively arbitration clauses in bills of lading can be enforced against the bill of lading holders in light of English case law, the decisions of the European Court of

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Herd, Jake Michael. "‘‘Blocks of Lading"." QUT Law Review 18, no. 2 (2019): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v18i2.755.

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The bill of lading has, for centuries, been an integral component in the maritime shipping industry. However, the stagnation in the development of this legal instrument is contrasted with the exponential rate of development in other areas of commercial practice, which highlights the financial costs and delays associated with the use of bills of lading. The purpose of this paper is to present a modern alternative to the current paper-based bill of lading system that accounts for the practical and legal requirements of the incumbent instrument and also overcomes the deficiencies inherent in pape

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7

Husniyah Husniyah, Syarifur Ridho, Dina Rispianti, and Fadiyah Hani Sabila. "Mekanisme Bill of Lading Pengapalan Muatan Curah Cair Kapal Tanker Oleh PT. Equinox Sentra Bahari Cabang Belawan." Masip: Jurnal Manajemen Administrasi Bisnis dan Publik Terapan 1, no. 3 (2023): 216–25. https://doi.org/10.59061/masip.v1i3.841.

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The purpose of writing this paper is to find out about the role of agents in the process of handling Bills of Lading for shipping liquid bulk cargo on tankers and the obstacles that occur in the process of handling Bills of Lading for shipping liquid bulk cargo on tankers by PT. Equinox Sentra Bahari Belawan Branch. The background underlying this paper is the Bill of Lading as an important document in the process of sending goods by sea transportation. The research used in writing this paper includes library research and field research which consists of interviews and observations carried out

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Kang, Da-Hyeon, and Jae-Phil Hahn. "A Study on the Comparative Law for Acceptance of Electronic Bill of Lading in Republic of Korea: Focused on EU, UK, US, China, Singapore and Korean Commercial Law." Korean Academy Of International Commerce 37, no. 2 (2022): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.2.23.

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Purpose : This study contributes to promoting the use of electronic bills of lading by analyzing and Korean commercial law and the laws of major foreign countries, focusing on the EU, the UK, the US, China, and Singapore, and suggests related laws of major foreign countries and from Korean commercial law for revising the international trade environment. Research design, data, methodology : The research methodology used in this study is a thorough review of the laws on electronic documents and electronic bills of lading in the EU, UK, US, China, Singapore, and Korea, and a thorough review

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9

Inshakova, Agnessa O., and Alexander I. Goncharov. "BILL OF LADING IN LEGAL REGULATION OF FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITY: FROM PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTION TO ELECTRONIC CRYPTO CODE." RUDN Journal of Law 23, no. 3 (2019): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2019-23-3-375-393.

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Sea freight was and remains the most popular way of cargo delivery. Transportation of goods by sea routes plays a crucial role in the economy of most countries. The bill of lading acts as a legal instrument and guarantees the interests of participants in foreign trade deals and has a complex legal nature, due to its functionality. The use of electronic documents for formalizing relations between the participants in the maritime transport of goods has become possible due to the rapid development and widespread introduction of information technologies into the property turnover. In the period of

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10

Jubaidi, Didi, and Wagiman. "Letters of Indemnity Without Bills of Lading as an Instrument for Carrier Liability Release in Maritime Transportation." Ilomata International Journal of Social Science 5, no. 3 (2024): 711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.61194/ijss.v5i3.1270.

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Sea transportation documents, especially bills of lading, play an important role in regulating the rights and oblig ations of the parties involved. A bill of lading is not only a proof of delivery, but also serves as a contractual instrument, proof of ownership, and a basis for dispute resolution. In addition to bills of lading, there is also a letter of indemnity document which has become a growing issue in the world of sea transportation. This document is used as a guarantee by the shipper to the carrier to replace the bill of lading in certain situations, such as speeding up the delivery of

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Ratajczak, Oskar. "Dematerialisation of Bills of Lading Using Blockchain from the Legal Perspective." Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University, no. 121 (May 2, 2023): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26408/121.03.

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Dematerialisation of bills of lading is an important topic from the point of view of maritime transport practice. There are many arguments in favour of dematerialisation, such as simplification and acceleration of trade. Over the years, many attempts have been made to dematerialise bills of lading using EDI systems. All of them were found to be lacking. It was not until the spread of blockchain technology that adequate tools were found. The blockchain makes it possible to meet the requirement of singularity which was haunting the EDI systems. With the introduction of proper provisions of law a

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12

Zhang, Jiaming. "Applicable Law in Validity of Arbitration Clause: Judicial Practices of the US Courts on Charterparty Disputes." Studies in Law and Justice 2, no. 3 (2023): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/slj.2023.09.08.

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Incorporating the arbitration clause of charterparty into bills of lading (incorporation clause) is widely used in practice. When the rightful holder of bills of lading, usually the consignee, claims cargo damage to carrier, a valid arbitration clause rejects jurisdiction of domestic courts, or it will result in the jurisdiction of an arbitration tribunal. Determining governing law of examining arbitration clause, therefore, is the prerequisite of such cases. Choice of law turns out to be a controversial legal problem on account of either absence of uniformed legislation, or the complicated na

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13

Liu, Dong Hua, and Xiao Kong Xiao. "Application of Electronic Bills of Lading in International E-Commerce." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.546.

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The traditional bill of lading is of great value in the maritime industry. However, as electronic communication takes over in international trade, the electronic bill of lading is now being considered first in some situations. A brief introduction of the bill of lading will be made together with a general comparison between the traditional bill of lading and the electronic bill of lading. Further analysis will concentrate on the issues of how the electronic bill of lading applies in some particular international e-commerce cases and how we can improve the new electronic data interchange system

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14

Shavaleev, M. V. "Implementation of the Electronic Bill of Lading: International Experience. Part I." Lex Russica 77, no. 2 (2024): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2024.207.2.123-139.

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The paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of attempts to simulate the functions of a bill of lading issued on paper in a virtual environment. The paper emphasizes that the use of the paper form of the bill of lading constrains the potential of maritime transportation and levels the successes achieved by technological progress in maritime trade. The paper emphasizes that the use of the paper form of the bill of lading constrains the potential of maritime transportation and levels the successes achieved by technological progress in maritime trade. The author considers attempts aimed at crea

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15

Bassindale, John. "Fraud and Bills of Lading." Journal of Financial Crime 4, no. 1 (1996): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb025751.

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16

Fava, Jake. "Chip Off the Old Block: Acknowledging the Obstacles to Widespread Adoption of Blockchain Bills of Lading." LSE Law Review 7, no. 2 (2022): 181–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.61315/lselr.260.

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The bill of lading has been a staple of the maritime shipping industry for centuries. Its evolution to facilitate three core functions was slow and arduous, with little change in the bill of lading’s form and function ever since. The advancement of electronic communication brought the prospect of electronic alternatives; however, the concept never succeeded, plagued with issues of excessive costs, trust and privacy concerns from industry participants and a lack of global legal recognition of the electronic bill of lading and the three functions. But the advent of blockchain technology has brou

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17

Petronilho, Francisco, Hugo Fonseca, and André Zúquete. "The state of the art of the electronic bill of lading." F1000Research 11 (September 2, 2022): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.123856.1.

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Background: The shipping industry is widely regarded as a slow adapting industry, for any innovation to be made there needs to be a real demand. One of these innovations is the electronic Bill of Lading. The need for an alternative to the expensive and slow traditional Bill of Lading has been rising since the beginning of the century. Now the digital revolution naturally introduced the electronic Bill of Lading, but its unclear legal status and different regulations in different countries make it hard to establish a worldwide solution. Nevertheless, there has been progress and the current focu

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18

Zeros, Georgios I. "Electronic Bills of Lading and Negotiability." Journal of World Intellectual Property 4, no. 6 (2005): 977–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2001.tb00145.x.

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19

Alawneh, Tariq Shafiq. "The Application of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records in Kuwait: A Comparative Study." مجلة الحقوق 48, no. 2 (2024): 487–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v48i2.3039.

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The existing requirements in national and international law for the use of written documents or manual signatures in international trade transactions are considered to constitute major obstacles to the development of electronic commerce at global level. Other obstacles also include questions and uncertainties concerning the validity, legal effect and enforceability of transactions regarding electronic bill of lading conducted via electronic means, in a legal environment based on paper. The Law No 20/2014 excluded promissory notes and negotiable bills of exchange from the scope of application o

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20

Nayan, Varma. "Critical Analysis On The Legality Of The Electronic Bills Of Lading Across Common Law Nations." Legal Vidya 2, no. 1 (2021): 115–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966987.

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Achieving functional equivalence is not the case for electronic bills of lading in today’s times and neither is the replication of the three immediate functions of the paper bill of lading. The precise need of the hour is for the eB/L to be legally and commercially effective, while simultaneously being unique and secure. A Bill of lading, is a legal document between a shipper and a carrier, and the electronic document is the digital equivalent of an ordinary B/L. In simpler terms, the eB/L is the soft copy. A contention that arises alongside along with the eB/L is that of the validity an

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21

Todd, Paul. "Cases and Materials on Bills of Lading." Arab Law Quarterly 4, no. 1 (1989): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3381454.

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22

Williams, R. "Modern Bills of Lading by Paul Todd, and Cases and Materials on Bills of Lading by Paul Todd." Arbitration International 4, no. 4 (1988): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/4.4.340.

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23

Stevens, Frank. "Carriage under Bills of Lading: The Applicable Law." European Journal of Commercial Contract Law 1, no. 3 (2009): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/ejccl_2009_03_02.

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24

Todd, Paul. "Electronic bills of lading, blockchains and smart contracts." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 27, no. 4 (2019): 339–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaaa002.

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Abstract After a lengthy incubation period, electronic bills of lading (eBLs) are at last taking their first tentative steps in the shipping world. Systems currently in operation, however, are closed; only traders, carriers and banks who are members can participate. These closed schemes are not, therefore, true replacements for traditional paper bills of lading (pBLs), which can be used by anyone. Open eBL implementations are very difficult, which is no doubt why practical schemes so far have been closed. While blockchains and smart contracts make no difference to what is possible, they do to

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25

Kartyshev, D. V. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL BASE OF WORLD CARGO TRANSPORTATION." Economic innovations 19, no. 2(64) (2017): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2017.19.2(64).124-128.

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The practice of international merchant shipping and the practice of international trade in goods are interrelated at different levels - from historical to the level of a separate treaty. Here, contracts for the purchase and sale of goods, transportation, insurance, financing, transport and warehouse documents of title are intertwined and interact. The necessary degree of awareness in these issues is an indispensable condition for both successful business activity and for solving the problems of unification of maritime and commercial law. The process of the unification of law began primarily in

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Tikaradze, G., and O.D. Kostadinov. "SOME LEGAL AND COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE ELECTRONIC BILL OF LADING." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 78 (April 24, 2024): 3–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11061862.

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The transition from traditional paper bills of lading to electronic formats is changing international maritime transport. This article examines the role of electronic Bills of Lading in documentation procedures and enhancing operational efficiency across global supply chains. By eliminating the inefficiencies and risks associated with physical courier services and manual documentation, eB/Ls offer instant, secure, and cost-effective transfer of ownership and shipment details. The adoption of standardized eB/Ls, facilitated by initiatives such as the DCSA Digital Trade

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27

Nilson, Åke. "Electronic bills of lading — planning for areas of risk." Journal of Financial Crime 2, no. 4 (1995): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb025656.

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Kidner, Richard. "Economic Loss: Anns, Junior Books and Bills of Lading." Modern Law Review 48, no. 3 (1985): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1985.tb00845.x.

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Olawoyin, Adewale A. "The phantom of the Bills of Lading Act, 1855, lives on: enforcing ownership and contractual rights under Bills of Lading in Nigeria." Journal of African Law 48, no. 1 (2004): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855304481054.

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30

Чурилов, А. Ю. "КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ КОНОСАМЕНТОВ И ЕЁ ПРАВОВОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ". Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика, право 59, № 2 (2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/813-3274/2021-2/88-97.

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История развития коносамента – от расписки в получении груза до товарораспорядительного документа и применения его в обороте – достаточно длительна, и его эволюция, а также постоянно растущие потребности рынка породили множество разновидностей коносамента. В работе рассматриваются классификации коносаментов по различным критериям, а также правовое значение этих классификаций. Автор демонстрирует разницу между береговым и бортовым коносаментом; чистым коносаментом и коносаментом с оговорками; и другими разновидностями. В работе освещены отдельные особенности различных режимов регулирования коно

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31

Todor, Dimov Koritarov, and Dimitrov Dimitrakiev Rostislav. "STRATEGIC APPROACHES IN MARITIME LOGISTICS: TRAMP AND LINER SHIPPING IN GLOBAL TRADE." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 105 (June 6, 2025): 28–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15611709.

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This paper examines the critical role of maritime logistics in global trade and the strategic approaches in commercial shipping operations and integrated transport. It explores the characteristics of tramp and liner shipping, the integration of sea transport with other transport modes, and the legal and technological developments (such as electronic Bills of Lading) that facilitate global commerce. The study is a literature-based analysis, drawing on recent academic and industry sources to compare operational models and theoretical frameworks in maritime logistics. Maritime transport remains t

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32

Lonchakova, Yulia A. "Analysis of Legal Regulation of Carrier Liability in International Trade Maritime Navigation: Current State and Prospects for Development." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 2 (February 26, 2025): 181–86. https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2025.2.24.

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The article examines the private law aspects of regulating the liability of maritime carriers in cargo transporta-tion. Based on an analysis of civil legislation and judicial practice, the study explores the peculiarities of con-tractual and non-contractual relationships among carriers, shippers, and consignees as subjects of obligation law. Within the framework of the study on obligations arising from maritime transport contracts, the influence of international conventions on the formation of carrier liability conditions and the protection of the property rights of cargo owners is analyzed. P

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Кузин, Н. Н., А. Х. Хабибулаев, and Е. Г. Шадрина. "On the issue of regulation and legal regulation of marine transportation with the use of a bill of lading." Modern scientist, no. 5 (July 23, 2024): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2541-8459-2024-5-380-386.

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в статье исследуется правовое регулирование института морских перевозок грузов, которое характеризуется сложностью, наличием огромного количества коллизий между национальными и международными правовыми нормами. В современных сложившихся условиях нормативно-правовое регулирование коносамента требует от законодателя не осуществление либеральных подходов, а выполнения тех задач, которые соответствуют интересам России. Доказывается необходимость в условиях цифровизации в ситуации с Северным морским путём, наряду с существующими в мире электронными системами, разработки новой российской «оболочки»,

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Gutsulyak, V. "On the issue of "clean" bills of lading." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 11 (2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013207690007476-5.

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Strauch, E. "Bills of Lading and Bankers' Documentary Credits by Paul Todd." Arbitration International 8, no. 1 (1992): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/8.1.100.

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Zekos, Georgios I. "THE CONTRACTUAL ROLE OF BILLS OF LADING UNDER GREEK LAW." Managerial Law 39, no. 3 (1997): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb022482.

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Zekos, Georgios I. "The Contractual Role of Bills of Lading Under English Law." Managerial Law 39, no. 5 (1997): 5–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb022484.

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Pagnoni, Anastasia, and Andrea Visconti. "Secure electronic bills of lading: blind counts and digital signatures." Electronic Commerce Research 10, no. 3-4 (2010): 363–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10660-010-9060-2.

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Zekos, Georgios I. "THE CONTRACTUAL ROLE OF BILLS OF LADING UNDER UNITED STATES LAW." Managerial Law 39, no. 4 (1997): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb022483.

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Zekos, Georgios I. "Conflict of laws and the contractual role of bills of lading." Managerial Law 40, no. 3 (1998): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090559810770060.

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Zekos, Georgios I. "EDI and the contractual role of computerised (electronic) bills of lading." Managerial Law 41, no. 6 (1999): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090559910770168.

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42

Pejović, Časlav, and Unho Lee. "Blockchain Bills of Lading: A New Generation of Electronic Transport Documents." Poredbeno pomorsko pravo 61, no. 176 (2022): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21857/mjrl3ugkw9.

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43

Finocchiaro, Giusella, and Luca Castellani. "The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records: Introduction and Overview." European Review of Private Law 31, Issue 5 (2023): 955–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2023039.

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In 2017 UNCITRAL adopted the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR) to address issues relating to the use of transferable documents and instruments such as bills of lading, bills of exchange and promissory notes in electronic form. The article discusses the background and the main features of the Model Law with reference also to national legislation. In particular, it highlights the challenges posed by the transposition in the digital world of the incorporation of the right to delivery of goods or payment of a sum of money in the paper-based document and illustrates the solutions

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Abad, Qamar. "Bills of Lading: Consequences of Non-Presentation and Effects of Exclusion Clauses." Journal of Development and Social Sciences 2, no. I (2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2021(2-i)05.

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Woo, Kwang-Myung. "A Study on the Applicability of Blockchain-based Electronic Bills of Lading." Korea International Trade Research Institute 17, no. 6 (2021): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.17.6.202112.201.

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한학희, 김태환, and 한상훈. "A Study on Reinterpreting the CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading." 전자무역연구 8, no. 4 (2010): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17255/etr.8.4.201011.107.

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47

Kozuka, S. "Bruss. Conv. 1924 (Bills Of Lading) - Japan/Conv. Brux. 1924 (Connaissement) - Japon." Uniform Law Review - Revue de droit uniforme 6, no. 3 (2001): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/6.3.666.

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Zekos, Georgios I. "THE CONTRACTUAL ROLE OF BILLS OF LADING UNDER INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND REPORTS." Managerial Law 39, no. 2 (1997): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb022481.

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Goldby, Miriam. "Electronic bills of lading and central registries: what is holding back progress?" Information & Communications Technology Law 17, no. 2 (2008): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600830802239381.

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